选修8Unit 1 A land of diversity学案 (2)

Unit 1 A land of diversity学案(2)
1. distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著
常用结构：
make a distinction between 对……加以区分
win a distinction for 因……而获功勋
without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地
联想拓展
distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的
be distinct in ...from ... 在某方面与……不同
(as) distinct from ... 与……不同（的）
He has a distinct gift for drawing. 他有很明显的绘画天赋。

You should make your writing distinct. 你应该把字写清楚。

2. means n. 手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）
常用结构：
by means of 用……办法；借助……
by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以
by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）
by every means 用尽一切可能的办法
易混辨析
means/way/method
means指“方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段（单复数形式相同）。

way指“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法、方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。

method指“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。

a way to do sth.／a way of doing sth./a method of doing sth. 做……的方法
in this way/with the method/by this means 用这种／些方法
by the way 顺便问一下
on one’ s way to ... 在去……的路上
in the way 挡住路
温馨提示
means作主语且有every, each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。

Radio and television are important means of communication.
无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。

Please find an alternative means of transport.
请另外找一种运输方式。

Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。

All means have been tried. 所有方法都试过了。

She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.
她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。

3. majority n. 大多数；大半
A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。

The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.
多数人赞成这个建议。

常用结构：
be in the/a majority 构成大部分／大多数
a majority over sb. 超过对方的票数
联想拓展
major adj. & n.较大的；主要的；主修，专攻
minority adj. & n. 少数；少数民族；未成年
高手过招
(1) 用适当的介词填空
① Among the members of the committee those who favour the changes are
the majority.
② They had a large majority the other party at the last election.
(2) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
① The majority of people (prefer) peace to war.
② The majority of the damage (be) easy to repair.
解析：(1) ①in ②over
(2) ①prefer/prefers ②is
4. occur vi. 发生；存在；出现
常用结构：
occur to (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中;被想起，被想到
it occurs to sb. to do sth. 使某人想到做某事
it occurs to sb. that ... 某人想到……
Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那时我想起了一个主意。

It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.我突然想到我把伞忘在楼上了。

易混辨析
happen/occur/take place
happen是一般用语，尤其指偶然发生，表示“碰巧、恰好”的意思。

occur 文言意味较浓,常指某特定事物的发生，也可以表示某种想法出现在人的头脑中。

take place 指事先计划或预料到的“发生”，此外还有“举行”的意思。

New things are happening all around us.
新事物在我们周围不断发生。

The explosion occurred at 5:30 a.m.
爆炸发生在早上5点30分。

When will the basketball game take place? 篮球赛何时举行？
5. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示
I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.
我问他我姐姐在哪，他指了指对面的商店。

Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.
研究显示男人比女人更容易戒烟。

常用结构：
indicate sth. (to sb.)
向（某人）表示某事；把……指给（某人）看
indicate that ...表示……；示意……
联想拓展
indication n. 指出；表明
indicative adj.指示的；暗示的
6. live on 继续存在；继续生存
She lived on for many years after her husband died.
丈夫死后她继续活了许多年。

联想拓展
live on sth. 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活
live by doing sth. 靠做某事为生
live for sth. 以某事物为生活目标
live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存
live up to sth.
依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准
live with sth. 接受或容忍某现象
live to be... = live to the age of... 活到……岁
live a... life 过着……的生活
高手过招
用live的相关短语填空
① The lonely old man charity.
② Mozart was dead but his music .
③ My grandfather both world wars.
④ We should work hard and try to our parents’ expectations.
⑤ The brave girl is learning to her disability.
答案：① lives on ② lives on ③ lived through ④ live up to ⑤ live with 7. team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为共同目标）；与……合作
The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.
那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。

8. mark out 划线；标出……的界线
They marked out the tennis court with white paint.
他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。

Some of the best pupils have been marked out for special training.已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。

联想拓展
mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事
mark down 写下，记下；降低……的价格
mark up 标出；提高……的价格
mark in 加画；绘入
mark out for 看中；选定
Just a moment. Let me mark down your name and address.等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。

Some shops marked up the goods unfairly.
有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。

He marked the book down to 49 cents.
他把书的标价降为49分。

9. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗
The students find it easy to take in what you teach.
学生们发现你讲课很容易理解。

He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in.
他没地方可以睡觉，于是我们就提出让他留宿。

联想拓展
take apart 拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等)
take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记下
take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使……回忆起昔日
take care of 照料；保管
take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理
take medicine 服药
take it easy 别紧张，慢慢来
take over 继承；接收，接管
take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞
take on 承担，从事；呈现
take one’s place 入座；代替某人的位置take one’s time 不急，慢慢干。