2024-2025学年沪教版(2020)必修1英语下册月考试卷560

2024-2025学年沪教版(2020)必修1英语下册月考试卷560
考试试卷
考试范围：全部知识点；考试时间：120分钟
学校：______ 姓名：______ 班级：______ 考号：______
总分栏
一、选择题(共7题，共14分)
1、Teachers should try to create an atmosphere ______ students can enjoy learning.
A. A、which
B. B、when
C. C、where
D. D、that
2、Students should involve themselves in activities ______ they can get experience for growth.
A. A、who
B. B、when
C. C、which
D. D、where
3、This is the very knife________I used to cut apples yesterday.
A. A、which
B. B、by which
C. C、that
D. D、with that
4、They will fly to the city _____ they plan to stay for two or three days.
A. A、where
B. B、there
C. C、which
D. D、when
5、All the tourists were ________ when they saw the ________ lakes in Jiuzhaigou.
A. A、amazed; amazing
B. B、amazed; amazed
C. C、amazing; amazing
D. D、amazing; amazed
6、I adore my English teacher because she can always create an atmosphere ________all the students feel respected and cared for.
A. A、that
B. B、when
C. C、where
D. D、which
7、She is very ______ about what she wears, depending on what occasions she has to attend.
A. A、especial
B. B、special
C. C、particular
D. D、unique
二、短对话(共5题，共10分)
8、Why was Jane late?
A. A、She had an exam.
B. B、She talked to a teacher.
C. C、She stayed up last night.
9、What is the woman probably going to do on Sunday?
A. A、Do her work.
B. B、Watch a movie.
C. C、Attend a party.
10、 Your browser does not support the audio element.
How many people are there in the room?
A. A、10
B. B、13
C. C、12
11、 Your browser does not support the audio element.
What does the man think about paying by phone?
A. A、It is easy.
B. B、It is secure.
C. C、It is comfortable.
12、 Your browser does not support the audio element.
What does Paul want to do?
A. A、Save money.
B. B、Study abroad.
C. C、Change his job.
13、The nurses are watching over these patients and waiting on them day and night. (变为被动语态)
→These patients _________ on by the nurses day and night.
14、Scientists are studying the disease at present.(变为被动语态)
→The disease ________ at present by scientists.
15、The radio is broadcasting English lessons. (用被动语态改写句子)
16、Our teacher made us close our eyes in the game. (将主动语态变为被动语态)
_____________________________________________
17、Tom said, “I’m going to do more research on the problem.” (变间接引语)
四、概要写作(共3题，共15分)
18、阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Watering is key to growing plants well, so here we look at how to get it just right. This not only means providing the water our gardens need but using it wisely. Water is a precious resource and supplies in the UK are under pressure from the effects of climate change, population increase and the need to protect the environment. Generally, several aspects need to be considered.
When to water
Water in the mornings, if you can, as this is when the sun comes up and plants start to transpire (蒸腾) in sunlight, drawing water from the soil, through their roots, up their stems and to their leaves. Evening watering is also fine, as the cooler conditions mean less water is lost to evaporation (蒸发). Watering in the heat of the day is not a good idea, as much water is lost through evaporation from the surface of the soil. Plants will use water more efficiently if watered in the cooler parts of the day.
How to water
Watering thoroughly matters. It helps get the water down to the deeper root tips where it’s needed. But, equally important, the soil doesn’t have to be really wet all the time because plants roots need air as well as water to grow well. Otherwise, there might be no flower or fruit, and even a worse result might come along.
Other tips
To use water in the most economical way, it’s good to learn different plants’ watering requirements. For example, a container plant in hot sunny weather may need watering daily, whereas a mature shrub might only need a drink in extreme drought. Annual flowers and vegetables produced in the spring are likely to need more watering than
self-sown or autumn grown plants as they have new and shallow root system s. So, don’t treat all the plants in the same way.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________
19、Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Selling your stuff online does not only help to declutter(清理) your home and get rid of things you don’t need, but it can also be a great source of income. Books you’re not planning on reading again taking up space on your shelf? Sell them online. Upgrading your phone? Find a local buyer on social media.Selling online comes with certain pitfalls too, though, and it pays to be diligent when you’re crossing the threshold(门槛) from customer to seller.
One thing you need to consider carefully is the platform on which you are going to advertise. Most big players in the field are so popular with sellers, not just because they can give you access to a bigger pool of potential customers, but also because they offer insurance both to the seller and the buyer, which gives both buyers and sellers more confidence. The downside, however, is that you will generally need to pay an upfront fee(预付费) for using the platform, and may also have to sacrifice a cut of your profit to the company. What’s more, you need to build up a reputation before buyers can trust you-which means you might have to settle for lower prices until you have a high rating.
You can use some platforms that either charge a smaller fee for advertising or even no fee at all-but, in that case, what you will need to keep in mind is your safety, especially if the value of the product you’re selling is high. Most prospective buyers will be genuine, but it’s always best to meet during the day at a public place such as a coffee shop, a library, or a supermarket parking lot-anywhere monitored by security cameras is good. Always keep the product close to you, and check that the money has been released into your account or-if you’re being paid by cash-that you have been given the full amount before relinquishing your items.
A few more things to keep in mind: always be accurate with your descriptions of the items you are selling, especially if advertising on a big platform. The last thing you want is to be accused of fraud and banned from the website. Don’t give out your full name, either- keep your last name private. Identity theft might be rare in such transactions, but it’s always better to be careful.
You might think many of these sound like common sense rules, and they are, but many first-time sellers naively forget to take precautions when sel ling their stuff online. At the end of the day, it’s up to you to decide the way in which you are comfortable with conducting business online-but remember that a smart, prepared seller is a happy seller.
________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
20、阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Confidence in public speaking is important because it allows you to take your focus off yourself and focus on the audience instead. This is possible by having a healthy attitude towards the audience. Unlike many speakers that wonder whether the audience like them, with confidence your focus will shift away from whether the audience like you and move towards building a harmonious relationship from the moment you step on stage.
Many speakers have a blank mind on stage because they have so many competing thoughts which make them upset about the result and the response of the audience. Being confident means you can think straight and manage your thoughts effectively. Getting rid of distracting thoughts allows you to concentrate on delivering the message.
Speakers that lack confidence often say something that is not linked to the story and use complex language, so their message can make the audience puzzled. Confident speakers send a message which is relevant, simple and honest and they use personal stories to build a connection. The message is what the audience need or want to hear about and not just simply what they want to speak about. Speakers should keep in mind that they should prepare a message which is full of content designed for the audience instead of content designed to make them unable to understand.
There is no doubt that confidence is important. If a speaker has confidence, the audience in most cases respond positively to him or her. A speaker lacking in confidence may attempt to mask it in many ways, only to result in being treated as an arrogant(自大的)person. The au dience are left questioning the speaker’s motivation for being on stage in the first place. A confident speaker is less likely to have the unknown factors.
________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________
五、短文改错(共3题，共9分)
21、
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I feel betray by my friend Hannah. On Monday, we had a surprise math quiz. I must have sounded very proud of me after the quiz, saying what easy it was. The next day after class, my math teacher told me that I had lowest grade in the class. I was very upset that I felt like crying. I thought that Hannah should have told my classmates about my grade after promise not to. I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren’t going to be friends any more because she couldn’t keep her words. She was really upset and swore that she hasn’t told anyone,but I didn’t believe her explanation. I don’t think I can ever truly forgive to her.
22、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2、只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Tom,
I’m glad to hear that you are considering make up with Peter. If I am you, I would consider a bike as a birthday
present for him.
As far as I know, Peter is always on poor health, so he should take more exercises by riding a bike to have his body build up. In the meanwhile, you can often go out by bike together, which is helpful in rebuilding your friendship. Besides, taking a bike is environmentally friendly means of transport. It is convenient to get around as well. Apart from giving him a gift, and you can also adopt other means, such as traveling, seeing a movie, having dinner and going shopping. No matter how you do, being sincere was the most important. Don’t hesitate, and try to take action. I really hope that we can make up and be good friends forever.
Yours,
Li Hua
23、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：(1)每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
(2)只允许修改10处，多者 (从第11处起) 不计分。

Do you believe love is the most important? In the early twenty century, homeless people were often brought up in orphanages, in that they received little love. At one time, Dr. Skeels took twelve children from an art orphanage or had a young girl look them each day. He also studied another twelve children who are left in the orphanage all day long. He followed these children not until they grew up, and the results were shocked. The children staying all day in the orphanage were either dead or suffering from serious illnesses. However, the twelve children loved by the girl were all healthy and independently. The only difference between the life of these children — the love, made a great difference to us.
六、用单词的适当形式完成(共1题，共2分)
24、【题文】Basketball is a sport ________ players from both sides stay on the court for over 40 minutes. (用适当的词填空)
参考答案
一、选择题(共7题，共14分)
1、C
【分析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。

句意：教师应该努力营造一种学生可以享受学习的氛围。

分析句子，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，先行词表示抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用where引导从句。

故选C项。

2、D
【分析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。

句意：学生应该参与到可以获得成长经验的活动中去。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词activities ，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。

故选D。

3、C
【分析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。

句意：这就是我昨天用来切苹果的那把小刀。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词knife，指物。

关系词在定语从句中作used的宾语，而先行词前面有the very 的修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导。

故选C。

4、A
【分析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。

句意：他们将飞往他们计划停留两三天的城市。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为the city，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where，作地点状语。

故选A项。

5、A
【分析】
【详解】
考查-ed的形容词与-ing的形容词辨析。

句意：所有的游客在看到九寨沟令人惊叹的湖泊时都惊
叹不已。

-ed的形容词表示“感到……的”，-ing的形容词表示“令人……的，分析句子结构可知，第一空在句子中作表语，主语是人，表示的是“感到很惊讶的”，所以使用amazed；第二空在句中作定语修饰名词lakes，表示的是“令人惊讶的”，所以使用amazing。

故选A项。

6、C
【分析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。

句意：我很喜欢我的英语老师，因为她总能营造出一种让所有学生都感到被尊重和被关心的氛围。

空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，先行词为抽象地点名词，且从句缺少状语，应用关系副词where来引导，故选C。

7、C
【分析】
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：她对穿着非常讲究，这取决于她要出席什么场合。

A. especial特别的；B. special专业的，特殊的；C. particular尤其的；D. unique独特的。

句中be particular about 为固定搭配，意为“对……挑剔，对……讲究”，符合句意。

故选C。

二、短对话(共5题，共10分)
8、B
【分析】
【原文】
9、C
【分析】
【原文】
M: Hey, are you free tonight? How about joining me for a movie?
W: Sounds lik e a good idea, but I’m busy tonight. Maybe some other time?
M: That’s too bad. Well, I’m having a birthday party on Sunday. Would you like to come?
W: Great! I’ll be there.
10、B
【分析】
【原文】
M: How many people are there in the room?
W: Five are reading, another two are watching TV, and the other six are having a talk.
11、B
【分析】
【原文】
W: I am still not comfortable with using my phone as a method of payment. It is much easier, but I feel like it’s simple to steal my information this way.
M: I think it is safer. I have a digital lock that protects everything.
12、B
【分析】
【原文】
W: Paul, it’s not the money. The money is not a problem. It’s just that ...
M: Mom, you know if I have the chance to study abroad for one year, it will help me get a good job in the future.
三、句型转换(共5题，共10分)
13、略
【分析】
【详解】
考查现在进行时的被动语态。

句意：护士们日夜看护着这些病人。

分析可知，题干的句子使用
了现在进行时的主动语态，变被动语态时，把主动句的宾语these patients作为被动句的主语，为复数含义，被动句的谓语部分用be being done的形式，所以被动句为：These patients are being watched over and waited on by the nurses day and night。

故填are being watched over and waited。

【解析】
are being watched over and waited
14、略
【分析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态。

句意：目前科学家正在研究这种疾病。

题目要求把句子转换为被动语态，首先根据原句句意和at present“目前，现在”可知，研究的动作正在发生，故原句为现在进行时，转换后的句子应用现在进行时。

句子主语disease“疾病”与动词study“研究”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，即疾病被研究，故应用现在进行时的被动语态，句式为“主语+be(am/is/are)+being+动词的过去分词+其他”。

The disease为可数名词单数形式，特指这种疾病，故be 动词用is ，study的过去分词为studied，at present为时间状语，放在谓语动词之后。

故填is being studied at present。

【解析】
is being studied
15、略
【分析】
【详解】
考查被动语态。

句意：收音机正在播放英语课。

主语是English lessons，和谓语动词broadcast是被动关系，根据原句的时态可知，用现在进行时的被动语态，主语复数，助动词用are。

故改写为English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.
【解析】
English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.
【分析】
【详解】
考查被动语态。

上句为一般过去时的主动语态，句意为“我们的老师让我们在游戏中闭上眼睛”。

上句的主语是our teacher ，谓语动词 made，宾语为us。

改为被动语态时，上句的宾语us成为下句的主语，us居主语位置需用主格形式we，它与动词make二者被动关系，此时要用被动语态，其基本结构为“受动者+be +过去分词+（by+施动者）+其他”。

主语为复数代词we,系词用were；make sb. do sth.让某人做某事，固定短语，在被动结构中需恢复省略的不定式符号to；根据句意结构，可知答案为：We were made to close our eyes in the game。

【解析】
We were made to close our eyes in the game.
17、略
【分析】
【详解】
考查直接引语变间接引语。

句意：汤姆说：“我打算在这个问题上做更多研究。

”直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时用that引导句子；由said可知，直接引变为间接引语时，一般将来时要变为过去将来时；第一人称改为第三人称。

故改为Tom said that he was going to do more research on the problem.
【解析】
Tom said that he was going to do more research on the problem.
四、概要写作(共3题，共15分)
18、略
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍的是如何正确浇水，包括什么时候浇水，怎么浇水及如何以
最经济的方式用水。

【详解】
1 要点摘录
①Watering is key to growing plants well, so here we look at how to get it just right. This not only means providing the water our gardens need but using it wisely.
②Water in the mornings, if you can, as this is when the sun comes up and plants start to transpire in sunlight, drawing water from the soil, through their roots, up their stems and to their leaves.
③Watering thoroughly matters. It helps get the water down to the deeper root tips where it’s needed.
④To use water in the most economical way, it’s good to learn different plants’ watering requirements.
2.缜密构思将第1要点作为总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行重组，作为分说。

3.遣词造句
It is necessary that we water right, which means providing the water our gardens need wisely.
You should water in the morning when the sun comes up and plants start to transpire in sunlight, drawing water from the soil.
You should water thoroughly, which helps get the water down to the deeper root tips.
To use water in an economical way, it’s good to learn different plants’ watering requirements.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] It is necessary that we water right, which means providing the water our gardens need wisely. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括。

其中that引导的是主语从句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句。

[高分句型2] You should water in the morning when the sun comes up and plants start to transpire in sunlight, drawing water from the soil.运用了when引导定语从句对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。

【解析】
It is necessary that we water right, which means providing the water our gardens need wisely. You should water in the morning when the sun comes up and plants start to transpire in sunlight, drawing water from the soil. You should water thoroughly, which helps get the water down to the deeper root tips. To use water in an economical way, it’s good to learn different plants’ watering requirements.
19、略
【分析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了在网上销售自己不需要东西的时候应注意的一些问题及销售方法。

【详解】
1. 要点摘录
①Selling your stuff online does not only help to declutter(清理) your home and get rid of things you don’t need, but it can also be a great source of income.
②One thing you need to consider carefully is the platform on which you are going to advertise.
③Most big players in the field are so popular with sellers, not just because they can give you access to a bigger pool of potential customers, but also because they offer insurance both to the seller and the buyer, which gives both buyers and sellers more confidence.
④The downside, however, is that you will generally need to pay an upfront fee(预付费) for using the platform, and may also have to sacrifice a cut of your profit to the company.
⑤What’s more, you need to build up a reputation before buyers can trust you-which means you might have to settle for lower prices until you have a high rating.
⑥A few more things to keep in mind: always be accurate with your descriptions of the items you are selling, especially if advertising on a big platform.
⑦Don’t give out your full name, either- keep your last name private. Identity theft might be rare in such transactions, but it’s always better to be careful.
2. 缜密深思
把要点1重组；要点2、3、4整合；要点6和要点7重组，整合。

3. 遣词造句
Selling your stuff online not only help declutter your home, but it can also bring extra income.
One thing to consider carefully is the platform. A credible platform usually has a wider customer base and offer insurance.
The downside, however, is that you will generally need to pay an upfront fee for using the platform.
Besides, you have to settle for lower prices so as to build up a good reputation.
Always keep in mind that be accurate with the descriptions of items you are selling and be careful of your provacy.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】
First, choose a credible platform with a wider customer base and insurance, and lower the price until you’ve established a fine reputation. （运用了祈使句和时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】
It’s also essential to provide honest item descriptions and protect personal privacy.（运用了it作形式主语）
【解析】
(1)Online selling brings extra income but requires careful preparations. First, choose a credible platform with a wider customer base and insurance, and lower the price until you’ve established a fine reputation. Even if you cannot afford the prepaid fee o f a platform, make sure transactions take place safely. It’s also essential to provide honest item descriptions and protect personal privacy. (60)
(2) Several things about selling online are worth noting. Firstly, proper platforms ensure customers and insurance, though an upfront fee and a good reputation are required. Secondly, always keep safety in mind, meet buyers in public and keep the product until you receive the payment. Thirdly, avoid inaccurate product description and revealing your full name. Be careful when you sell online.
20、略
【分析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。

介绍了要成为一个成功的公开演讲者应该注意的事项，包括充满自信、排除
杂念，内容充实易懂以及不包含未知因素。

【详解】
1 要点摘录
①Confidence in public speaking is important because it allows you to take your focus off yourself and focus on the audience instead.
②Being confident means you can think straight and manage your thoughts effectively. Getting rid of distracting thoughts allows you to concentrate on delivering the message.
③Speakers should keep in mind that they should prepare a message which is full of content designed for the audience instead of content designed to make them unable to understand
.④A confident speaker is less likely to have the unknown factors.
2.缜密构思
将第1要点、第2要点、第3要点、第4要点分别概括为4个要点。

3.遣词造句
It is important for speakers to have confidence in public speaking.
To have confidence in public speaking, speakers should free themselves from distracting thoughts, which can let them pay attention to delivering the message.
The speakers also should prepare a message full of content and stories that make themselves understood by the audience.
Meanwhile, speakers who have confidence try not to have the unknown factors.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It is important for speakers to have confidence in public speaking.运用一个it作形式主语的句子对原文第一段进行概括。

其中It是形式主语、动词不定式作真正主语。

[高分句型2]：To have confidence in public speaking, speakers should free themselves from distracting thoughts, which can let them pay attention to delivering the message.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对第二段进行概括。

其中which引导非限制性定语从句，句首动词不定式作目的状语。

【解析】
It is important for speakers to have confidence in public speaking. (要点1)To have confidence in public speaking, speakers should free themselves from distracting thoughts, which can let them pay attention to delivering the message. (要点2)The speakers also should prepare a message full of content and stories that make themselves understood by the audience. (要点3)Meanwhile, speakers who have confidence try not to have the unknown factors. (要点4)
五、短文改错(共3题，共9分)
21、略
【分析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。

本文叙述了作者和好朋友之间的一次误会，作者有一次考试中数学考试得了班级最低分，她不想让其他的同学知道她的考试成绩，但是只告诉她的好朋友，让她保守秘密，可是第二天其他的同学都知道了这事，作者认为是她的好朋友泄露了秘密，从此两个人再也不说话了，可是作者现在有点后悔。

【详解】
1.考查过去分词。

句意：我觉得被我的朋友Hannah出卖了。

feel +过去分词，“感到……”，故把betray改成betrayed。

2.考查反身代词。

句意：在测验结束后，我一定为我感到非常自豪，并说这是多么容易。

主语与宾语指同一事物，要用主语的反身代词做宾语，意思是“某人以自己而自豪”。

故把me改成myself。

3.考查宾语从句引导词。

句意：在测验结束后，我一定为我感到非常自豪，并说这是多么容易。

此处easy是形容词，用how修饰，引导宾语从句，故把what改成how。

4.考查最高级。

形容词最高级前定冠词the，故lowest前加the 。

5.考查结果状语从句。

句意：我很难过，我想哭。

此处是so---that引导的结果状语从句，故把very改成so。

6.考查情态动词。

句意：我以为Hannah一定是在答应了以后告诉我的同学我的成绩的。

should have done“本应该做而没有做”；must have done“一定是做某事了”，表示对过去事情有把握的肯定推测。

故把should改成must。

7.考查动名词。

此处after是介词，后面用动名词做宾语，故把promise改成promising。

8.考查固定词组。

keep one’s word“遵守诺言”，故把words改成word。

9.考查时态。

句意：她很生气，发誓说她没有告诉任何人，但我不相信她的解释。

此处tell的动作发生在swore的前面，所以要用过去完成时态，故把hasn’t改成hadn’t。

10.考查及物动词。

此处forgive（原谅）是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，故把forgive to her改成forgive her。

【点睛】
情态动词+ have done结构：
1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句.如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定.can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱.如：He can't have finished the work so soon.
3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点.这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could.如：They may not have known it beforehand.
4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余.如：I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
5.“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些.如：
You ought to / should have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的.（但没有）
He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that.他本来就不该做那件事.（可是做了）
6.“would ＋ have ＋过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意.如：
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.
Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
【解析】
1.betray→betrayed
2.me→myself
3.what→how
4.lowest→the lowest
5.very→so
6.should→must
7.promise→promising
8.words→word
9.hasn’t→hadn’t
10.forgive to her→forg ive her
22、略
【分析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。

作者给自己的朋友如何和彼特和好提出建议。

【详解】
1. 考查非谓语动词。

句意：听说你考虑和彼得和好，我很高兴。

consider 为动词，意为“仔细考虑；细想”，后面接动名词作宾语。

所以此处应用 make 的动名词形式 making。

故将 make改为making。

2. 考查 if 引导的虚拟条件句。

句意：如果我是你，我会考虑把自行车当作生日礼物送给他。

这里是 if 引导的虚拟条件句，与现在事实相反时，从句为 if + 主语 + 动词过去式，其中 be 动词一般用 were。

故将 am改为were。

3. 考查介词。

句意，：据我所知，Peter 总是身体不好，所以他应该多骑自行车来锻炼身体。

短语be in poor health“健康不佳”，故on改为in。

4. 考查名词。

exercise 意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词，没有复数形式。

根据句意，故将 exercises 改为exercise。

5. 考查固定搭配。

“have + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”为固定搭配，且 body 与 build up 之间构成被动关系，所以此处应用 build 的过去分词形式 built。

故将 build改为built。

6. 考查冠词。

句意：此外，骑自行车是一种环保的交通方式。

mean作“方式”将为可数名词，这里泛指“一个；一种”，且后面的 environmentally 以元音音素开头，所以应使用不定冠词 an。

故在environmentally 之前添加 an。

7. 考查连词。

句意：除了给他礼物，你还可以采取其他的方式，比如旅游，看电影，吃饭和购物。

apart from giving him a gift 是介词短语，并不是完整的句子，而 and 是并列连词，连接两个句子。

本句后面应该是简单句而非并列句，所以不需要 and。

故将 and 删除。

8. 考查让步状语从句。

句意：无论你做什么，真诚是最重要的。

do 在这里是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，所以此处引导词要在从句中作宾语。

因此应用 what。

故将 how改为what。

9.考查动词时态。

句意：无论你做什么，真诚是最重要的。

此处是提出建议，且结合文章整体的时态，可知此处应用一般现在时。

故将 was改为is。

10. 考查人称代词。

句意：我真的希望你们能和好，永远都是好朋友。

本文是李华写给 Tom 的信，信里提供了一些建议，希望 Tom 和 Peter 能够和好，所以此处站在写信人李华的角度应该是you 而不是 we。

故将 we改为you。

【点睛】
考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。

考。