新概念英语第二册第7课课文详解及语法解析

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　课⽂详注 Further notes on the text
1.…detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. ……侦探们在机场等了整整⼀上午。

all ⼀般直接加表⽰时间的单数名词构成副词短语，如：all day (整整⼀天)，all night(整夜)，all week(整星期)，all winter(整个冬天)，all year(整年)等。

但不说all hour。

whole在表达同样的意思时⼀般要加冠词或数词，如：a whole day/ year(⼀整天/年)，two whole weeks(整整两星期)。

2.…someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. ……有⼈向警⽅报告，说有⼈企图偷⾛这些钻⽯。

that后⾯的部分为动词tell的宾语从句。

从句中的时态为过去将来时(would)。

3.When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. 当飞机到达时，⼀些侦探等候在主楼内，另⼀些侦探则守候在停机坪上。

(1)这个长句⼦由3个部分组成：when引导的是整个句⼦的时间状语从句;some of…building为主句;while 引导的是动作与主句的动作同时进⾏的时间状语从句。

while作为连词表⽰“和……同时”、“当……时候”时常常引导⼀个过去进⾏时从句。

(cf.本课语法)
(2)地点状语 on the airfield 与第⼀句中的 at the airport 意义相近。

注意介词on和at的不同搭配。

(3)代词others常常和some连⽤，表⽰“有些(⼈)……，也有些(⼈)……”或者“有的……，其余的……”：
Some students are very hard-working, others are not.
有些学⽣⾮常⽤功，有些则不然。

Some of the novels are interesting, (the) others are not.
在这些⼩说中，有些很有趣，其他的则不然。

4.keep guard 守望，警戒
与 stand guard(站岗，放哨)意思相近：
Two thieves kept guard around the house while the others entered it.
两个⼩偷在屋⼦外⾯守着，其他的则进了屋。

They kept a close guard over the thieves.
他们对⼩偷们严加看管。

5.to their surprise 令他们吃惊的是
这个短语中的所有格形容词their也可以换成其他所有格形容词：(much) to my/ his surprise, to our surprise 等。

⼀般不说to your surprise。

语法 Grammar in use
1.过去进⾏时(The past progressive tense)
构成：be的过去式+现在分词(注意现在分词的构成)
(1)过去进⾏时主要表⽰过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进⾏的动作。

过去进⾏时和⼀般过去时经常同在⼀个句⼦⾥使⽤。

过去进⾏时表⽰过去正在进⾏的动作或情况，⼀般过去时则表⽰⽐较短暂的动作或事件。

正在进⾏中的动作或情况往往由连词when, while, as, just as等引导：
While/ When/ As I was sweeping the floor, I found your pen.
我扫地的时候，发现了你的钢笔。

while通常只引导持续时间较长的动作，并且主句和从句可以同时⽤过去进⾏时，⽽when和as⼀般不这么⽤：
John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone.
当他的妻⼦和⼀位邻居在电话中聊天时，约翰⼀直在看电视。

Some students were dancing and singing while others were eating and drinking.
有些学⽣在唱歌跳舞，⽽另⼀些则在吃喝。

Just as I was opening the front door, the telephone rang.
我正开前门的时候，电话铃响了。

Just as I was leaving the house, you came in.
你进来的时候我正要出门。

when也可以引导⽐较短暂的动作，while和as则⼀般不⾏：
We were having supper when the lights went out.
我们正在吃晚饭时灯灭了。

2)过去进⾏时往往与表⽰⼀段时间的状语连⽤，如all morning, all night, all day, all evening, the whole week等，表⽰这段时间⼀直在⼲什么：
They were preparing for the party for two whole days.
整整两天他们⼀直在为晚会进⾏准备。

2.短语动词中的⼩品词(The particles)
在上⼀课的语法中已经提到，许多动词加上介词或副词后就会改变词义。

这些介词和副词通常被称为⼩品词。

它们没有词形变化。

有些⼩品词既可以作介词⼜可以作副词。

判断⼀个⼩品词是副词还是介词要看⼩品词有没有带宾语。

有宾语的是介词，没有宾语的是副词。

介词的位置相对固定些：
I am looking for Tim.
我在找蒂姆。

(for为介词，位置不能变动)
She looked after the baby.
她照顾那孩⼦。

(after为介词)
He put the fire/ it out.
他灭了⽕。

(out为副词)
Mother woke the children/ them up.
母亲把孩⼦们叫醒了。

(up为副词)
She took the picture/ it down.
她把画取了下来。

(down为副词)
Please turn the radio/ it off.
请把收⾳机关掉。

(off为副词)
He turned it on.
约翰打开了电视。

(on为副词)
Put the cake on the table.
把蛋糕放在桌上。

(on为介词)
She is walking up the hill.
她正向⼭上⾛去。

(up为介词)。