The Casimir Energy Paradox of the QCD String
大学英语精读4作文如何解决能源危机
大学英语精读4作文如何解决能源危机全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1How to Solve the Energy CrisisHey guys, have you ever heard about the energy crisis? It’s a big problem in the world right now. But don’t worry, I’m here to tell you some cool ideas on how we can solve it!First of all, we can start by using more renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. These types of energy are clean and don’t produce harmful gases. We can set up solar panels on our roofs and use wind turbines to generate electricity. Isn’t t hat awesome?Another way to solve the energy crisis is by saving energy. We can turn off lights and appliances when we’re not using them, and use energy-efficient light bulbs. We can also walk or ride a bike instead of driving a car to save energy. It’s so easy to do our part to help the environment!Next, we can promote the use of electric cars. They don’t use gasoline, so they don’t produce pollution. Plus, they’resuper cool and quiet! If more people switch to electric cars, we can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and help solve the energy crisis.Last but not least, we can educate others about the importance of saving energy and using renewable sources. We can tell our friends and family about the benefits of green energy and encourage them to make a difference too. Together, we can make a big impact!So, let’s all work together to solve the energy crisis and save our planet. Remember, every little bit helps! Let’s go green and make the world a better place for future generations. Go team energy!篇2Hey guys, do you know what is energy crisis? It's a big problem that we need to solve together. Today, let's talk about how to solve the energy crisis in our college English class.First of all, we can start by saving energy in our daily life. For example, turn off lights when we leave the room, unplug electronics when they are not in use, and take shorter showers to save water and energy.Secondly, we can use renewable energy sources like solar power and wind power. These types of energy are clean and don't harm the environment. We can encourage our school to invest in installing solar panels and wind turbines on campus.Thirdly, we can promote energy efficiency in our buildings and transportation. We can use energy-efficient appliances and vehicles, and encourage our school to use energy-efficient lighting and heating systems.Lastly, we can raise awareness about the importance of saving energy and protecting the environment. We can organize campaigns and activities to educate our classmates and teachers about the energy crisis and how we can all work together to solve it.In conclusion, the energy crisis is a big challenge that we all need to face. Let's do our part to save energy and protect our planet for future generations. Together, we can make a difference! Let's go, team energy-saving!篇3Hey guys, today I want to talk about how we can solve the energy crisis. It's a big problem that we need to fix, so let's brainstorm some ideas together!One way to solve the energy crisis is to use more renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. These types of energy don't produce harmful pollutants and they won't run out like fossil fuels. We can put up more solar panels and wind turbines to generate clean energy for everyone.Another idea is to use energy more efficiently. That means turning off lights when we're not using them, unplugging electronics when they're charged, and using energy-saving appliances. If we all use energy wisely, we can reduce our energy consumption and help the environment.We can also try to find new ways to create energy, like using biofuels made from plants or developing new technologies like nuclear fusion. By investing in research and development, we can find innovative solutions to the energy crisis.And don't forget about conservation! We can all do our part by reducing waste, recycling, and reusing items. The less we waste, the less energy we need to produce.So let's all work together to solve the energy crisis. With our ideas and actions, we can make a difference and create a more sustainable future for everyone. Let's go green and save the planet!篇4Hi everyone! Today I'm going to talk about how to solve the energy crisis in my English class.Firstly, we should start by using renewable energy sources like solar power, wind power, and hydropower. These resources are unlimited and clean, which means they won't harm our planet. We can build more solar panels and wind turbines to generate electricity without relying on fossil fuels.Secondly, we should focus on energy conservation. We can save energy by turning off lights and appliances when we're not using them, using energy-efficient light bulbs and appliances, and insulating our homes to reduce the need for heating and cooling.Thirdly, we can promote the use of electric vehicles instead of gasoline-powered cars. Electric vehicles are moreenergy-efficient and produce less pollution. We can also improve public transportation to reduce the number of cars on the road, which will help decrease our reliance on fossil fuels.In conclusion, we can solve the energy crisis by using renewable energy sources, conserving energy, and promoting the use of electric vehicles. If we all work together, we can makea difference and protect our planet for future generations. Let's do our part to save energy and help solve the energy crisis! Thank you!篇5Title: How to Solve the Energy CrisisHello everyone! Today I want to talk to you about something super important – the energy crisis. You know, our world is running out of energy and we need to find a way to solve this problem before it’s too late.First of all, we can start by using renewable energy sources like solar power and wind power. These types of energy are clean and won’t harm the environment. We can also try to save energy by turning off lights when we don’t need them and unplugging electronics when we’re not using them.Another way to solve the energy crisis is to useenergy-efficient appliances and cars. They use less energy and are better for the environment. We can also try to walk or ride our bikes instead of driving everywhere. It’s good for our health and helps save energy too.Lastly, we can all work together to raise awareness about the energy crisis and encourage others to take action. We can organize events, like a clean-up day or a tree-planting activity, to show how much we care about our planet.In conclusion, the energy crisis is a big problem but if we all work together, we can find solutions. L et’s do our part to save energy and protect our planet for future generations. Thank you for listening!篇6Oh my gosh! The energy crisis is such a big problem nowadays! We really need to find a way to solve it. I have some ideas about how we can do that.First of all, we should use more renewable energy sources, like solar power and wind power. These types of energy are clean and won't harm the environment. They are also unlimited, so we won't run out of them.Secondly, we need to use energy more efficiently. That means we should try not to waste energy. For example, we can turn off lights when we don't need them, or unplug unused appliances. We can also use energy-saving light bulbs and appliances.Another way to solve the energy crisis is to encourage people to use public transportation instead of driving cars. This will help reduce the amount of fuel we use, which will help save energy.Lastly, we should invest in research and development of new technologies that can help us use energy more efficiently and find new sources of energy. This will help us find long-term solutions to the energy crisis.In conclusion, there are many ways we can solve the energy crisis. If we work together and make some changes in our daily lives, we can make a big difference. Let's all do our part to save energy and protect our planet!篇7Title: How to Solve the Energy CrisisHi everyone! Today I want to talk to you about how we can solve the energy crisis. I know it sounds like a big problem, but if we work together, we can find some solutions.First of all, we can try to use renewable energy sources like solar power or wind power. These sources are good for the environment and they will never run out. Maybe we can ask ourparents or teachers to help us set up solar panels or wind turbines at our school or in our community.Another thing we can do is to save energy. We can turn off the lights when we leave a room, unplug our devices when we’re not using them, and try to use less water and electricity. Every little bit helps!We can also encourage our parents to drive less and walk or bike more. Cars use a lot of energy and produce pollution, so it’s better for the environment if we find other ways to get around.Lastly, we can learn more about energy and the environment. The more we know, the better we can come up with solutions to the energy crisis.So, l et’s all work together to solve the energy crisis! If we each do our part, we can make a big difference. Let’s protect our planet for future generations. Thanks for listening!篇8Hey, guys! Today I'm gonna talk about how to solve the energy crisis in my English class. It's a big problem and we need to find solutions together.First of all, we can start by conserving energy in our daily lives. We can turn off lights when we leave a room, unplug electronics when we're not using them, and use energy-efficient appliances. Small changes can make a big difference!Secondly, we can focus on using renewable energy sources like solar power, wind power, and hydropower. These sources are clean and sustainable, which means we won't run out of them like we do with fossil fuels. Plus, they don't produce harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.Another way to tackle the energy crisis is to invest in new technologies and research. Scientists and engineers are constantly working on developing better ways to generate and store energy. By supporting innovation in this field, we can find long-term solutions to our energy problems.Lastly, we can also promote energy education and awareness. By teaching people about the importance of energy conservation and the benefits of renewable energy, we can inspire more individuals and communities to take action.In conclusion, solving the energy crisis will require a combination of individual efforts, technological advancements, and education. By working together, we can create a moresustainable future for ourselves and the planet. Let's do our part to make a difference!篇9How to Solve the Energy CrisisHey everyone! Today I want to talk about how we can solve the energy crisis that our world is facing. It's super important because without energy, we can't do things like watch TV, play video games, or even turn on the lights in our house!One way we can solve the energy crisis is by using renewable energy sources. These are energy sources that won't run out, like solar power, wind power, and hydro power. We can use these sources to generate electricity without harming the environment.Another way to solve the energy crisis is by using energy more efficiently. This means using less energy to do the same things. For example, we can turn off the lights when we leave a room, unplug electronics when we're not using them, and use energy-efficient appliances.We can also help solve the energy crisis by reducing our reliance on fossil fuels, like coal and oil. These fuels are runningout and they're also bad for the environment. We can switch to cleaner fuels like natural gas and biofuels instead.In conclusion, there are many ways we can solve the energy crisis. By using renewable energy sources, using energy more efficiently, and reducing our reliance on fossil fuels, we can help make sure that we have enough energy for the future. Let's all do our part to protect the planet and solve the energy crisis!篇10How to Solve the Energy CrisisHey everyone! Today I want to talk about a really important topic – the energy crisis. As we all know, our world is facing a big problem because we are using up all our energy sources and it's not good for our planet. But don't worry, there are some things we can do to help solve this crisis!First of all, we can start by using renewable energy sources like solar power and wind power. These are natural sources of energy that won't run out like fossil fuels. We can also try to use less energy by turning off lights when we're not using them and unplugging appliances when we're not using them.Another thing we can do is to encourage our government to invest in more renewable energy sources. This will create jobs and help our environment at the same time. And we can also educate our friends and family about the importance of saving energy so that everyone can work together to solve this crisis.In conclusion, the energy crisis is a big problem but if we all work together and do our part, we can make a difference. Let's all do our best to use renewable energy sources, save energy, and educate others about the importance of solving this crisis. Together, we can create a better and brighter future for our planet!。
Casimir Energies in Light of Quantum Field Theory
Institute for Theoretical Physics, T¨ ubingen University Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D–72076 T¨ ubingen, Germany We study the Casimir problem as the limit of a conventional quantum field theory coupled to a smooth background. The Casimir energy diverges in the limit that the background forces the field to vanish on a surface. We show that this divergence cannot be absorbed into a renormalization of the parameters of the theory. As a result, the Casimir energy of the surface and other quantities like the surface tension, which are obtained by deforming the surface, cannot be defined independently of the details of the coupling between the field and the matter on the surface. In contrast, the energy density away from the surface and the force between rigid surfaces are finite and independent of these complications.
On the M{o}ller's energy complex of the charged dilaton black hole
a r X i v :g r -q c /9707044v 1 19 J u l 1997NCKU-HEP/97-01On the Møller’s energy complex of the charged dilatonblack holeI-Ching Yang 1,Wei-Fui Lin 2,and Rue-Ron Hsu3Department of Physics,National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan,Taiwan 701,Republic of ChinaABSTRACTUsing Møller’s energy complex ,we obtain the energy distributions of GHS solution and dyonic dilaton black hole solution in the dilaton gravity theory.It is confirmed that the Møller’s energy complex is indeed a 3-scalar under purely spatial transformation in these energy distributions.Some interested properties of the energy distribution of dyonic black hole are disscussed.PASC:04.20.-q,04.50,+hkeywords:Møller’s energy complex,dilaton gravity theory,GHS solution,dy-onic dilaton solutionThe well-known Einstein’s energy complex is the foremost definition of energy complex.This idea comes from that the continuity equation∂Tµν√−gTµν)2∂gµσIn the dilaton gravity theory in which the gravity is coupled to the elec-tromagnetic and dilaton fields can be described by the four -dimensional effective string action [4].The action can be expressed asI =d 4x√∼r)dt 2−1∼r)d ∼r 2−(1−αMe 2φ0,(4)e−2φ=e−2φ0(1−Q 2e∼r2e 2φ.(6)The properties of the GHS solutions are characterized by the mass M ,electric charge Q e and asympotic value of the dilaton φ0.On the other hand,by using a standard spherical coordinate formds 2=∆2dt 2−σ2r 2√r 2,(8)3σ2=r22M(Q2e e2φ0−Q2m e−2φ0),(10)β=(Q2e e2φ0+Q2m e−2φ0),(11)e2φ=e2φ0(1−2λr2+λ2+λ),(12)F01=Q er2.(14) The properties of the CLH solutions are characterized by the mass M,electric charge Q e,magnetic charge Q m and asympotic value of the dilatonφ0.These solutions are related to the GHS solutions by a coordinate transformation∼r= 4M2e4φ0+Q2eMe2φ0whose area is zero,to the essential singularity r=0.Recently,the energy distribution according to the Einstein’s energy-mo-mentum pseudotensor was studied.Based on the GHS solutions,Virbhadra et.al.[6]found a charge independent resultE(r)=M,(16) in which the positive energy is confined to the interior of the black hole.On the other hand,based on the CLH solutions,we obtained a charge dependent4result[7]which is different from Virbhadra’sE(r)=M+Mλ22√r2+λ2+β ,(17)By comparing Eq.(16)and(17),wefind that the different coordinates choosen will induce the same total energy but differents energy distributions without any relation.This shortcoming can be overcome by using Møller’s energy-momentum pseudotensor.Møller’s energy-momentum pseudotensor[2]isΘµν=1∂xσ,(18)whereχµσν=√∂xβ−∂gνβ8π∂χ0k0In the case of the GHS solutions,we obtain the nonvanishing components χ0k0in Eq.(20),χ010=(2M−2Mα8π r(2M−2Mα∼r e2φ0.(23) In the case of the CLH solutions,the nonvanishing componentsχ0k0in (19)areχ010=(2M+4Mλ2r2√r2−βr2+λ2.(25)The energy distributions are shared both by the interior and by the exterior of those charged dilaton black hole.We plot the energy distributions of the dyonic black holes or the extremal dyonic black holes by”GNUPLOT”. For the dyonic black hole or the extremal dyonic black hole,see Fig.1and Fig.4,wefind that the energy distribution can be positive or negative,but they are both positive in the region r>r H.For the pure electric or pure6magnetic charged black hole,i.e.Q m=0or Q e=0,wefind the remarkable property that the energy distributions are always positive except at singular point r=0,see Fig.2,3,5,6.These results indicate that the physical charged black hole solution is either pure electric or pure magnetic when the positive definite condition,all the energy distribution function are positive definite expect the singularity,is imposed.Comparing the Møller’energy distributions of the GHS solutions and the CLH solutions,wefind that the results of the CHL solutions seem to be different from the GHS solutions.But they are related by scratching the magnetic charge Q m of CHL solution and by the coordinate transformation (15)which is a purely spatial transformation.Therefore,it will be the same energy distributions of the CLH solutions and the GHS solutions.Then we confirm that the statement in Møller’s paper,”the property of the Møller’s energy complex is that transforms as3-scalar with respect to the group of purely spatial transformation”,is still valid for the dilaton gravity theory.AcknowledgementsI.C.Yang would like to thanks Prof.K.S.Virbhadra and Prof.J.M.Nester for useful comments and discussions.This work is supported in part by the National Science Council of the Republic of China under grants NSC-86-2112-M006-003.7References[1]ndau and E.M.Lifshitz,The Classical Theory of Fields,(Perg-amon,Oxford,1975).[2]C.Møller,Ann.Phys.(NY)4,347(1958).[3]C.Møller,Ann.Phys.(NY)12,118(1961).[4]D.Garfinkle,G.T.Horowitz and A.Strominger,Phys.Rev.D43,3140(1991).[5]G.J.Cheng,W.F.Lin and R.R.Hsu,J.Math.Phys.35,4839(1994).[6]K.S.Virbhadra and J.C.Parikh,Phys.Lett.B317,312(1993).[7]I.C.Yang,C.T.Yeh,R.R.Hsu and C.R.Lee,to appear in Int.J.Mod.Phys.D,gr-qc/9609038.8-8-6-4-2020.511.522.533.544.55E(r)rThe position of horizon atr H =2.97160.511.5212345E(r)rThe position of horizon atr H =3.742?Figure3:The energy distribution of pure magnetic black hole withφ0=0, M=2,Q e=0and Q m=1.Figure4:The energy distribution of extremal dyonic black hole withφ0=0,√ 2.Q e=102.2and Q m=0. 11。
博士研究生英语精读-theparadoxofknowledge
THE PARADOX OF KNOWLEDGE关于认知的悖论Paragraph 1The greatest achievement of humankind in its long evolution from ancient hominoid ancestors to its present status is the acquisition or accumulation of a vast body of knowledge about itself, the world, and the universe.翻译：人类从古老的类人猿祖先进化到如今的等级，在这漫长的进化中最伟大的成就就是人类对于自身、世界、宇宙的认知的获得和积累。
主干：The achievement is the acquisition or accumulation.The products of this knowledge are all those thing that, in the aggregate ,we call “civilization”, including language, science, literature, art, all the physical mechanisms, instruments, the structures we use, and the physical infrastructures of which society uses.翻译：所有这些知识产物，我们称之为“文明”，包括语言、科学、文学、艺术、所有的物理设备，工具、我们使用的结构，以及社会运转依靠的基础设施。
主干：The product are civilization.Most of us assume that in modern society knowledge of all kinds is continually increasing and the aggregation of new information into the corpus of our social or collective knowledge is steadily reducing the area of ignorance about ourselves, the world, and the universe.翻译：大多数人认为在当今社会人类各方面的知识都在持续增长，以及人类对社会主体新信息的积累逐渐减少了我们对自身、世界、宇宙的未知。
The Economics of Energy Production
The Economics of Energy ProductionEnergy production plays a critical role in the global economy, as it provides the power necessary to fuel various industries and support the daily activities of individuals around the world. The economics of energy production is a complex and multifaceted topic that encompasses several key aspects, including cost considerations, market dynamics, and environmental impact.One of the primary factors that influence the economics of energy production is the cost of generating energy. Different sources of energy, such as coal, natural gas, nuclear power, and renewable resources like solar and wind power, have varying production costs. The cost-effectiveness of each energy source depends on factors such as the availabilityof resources, the efficiency of the technology used to generate energy, and regulatory policies that can impact production costs.In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the importance of transitioning towards sustainable and renewable sources of energy. This shift is largely driven by concerns over the environmental impact of traditional fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, which contribute to air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change. Renewable energy sources, on the other hand, offer a cleaner and more sustainable alternative that can help reduce environmental harm and mitigate the effects of global warming.The economics of energy production also involves considerations of market dynamics and supply and demand factors. Energy markets are influenced by geopolitical events, technological advancements, and changes in consumer preferences. Fluctuations in energy prices can have significant impacts on the overall economy, as energy costs directly affect the production costs of industries, transportation costs, and household expenditures.Government policies and regulations also play a vital role in shaping the economics of energy production. Governments may provide subsidies or incentives to promote the development of renewable energy sources or impose regulations to limit carbonemissions and encourage investment in cleaner technologies. These policies can influence the competitiveness of different energy sources and drive innovation in the energy sector.In addition to economic factors, the social and environmental impacts of energy production are important considerations in evaluating the overall costs and benefits of different energy sources. The extraction and combustion of fossil fuels can have detrimental effects on local communities, such as air and water pollution, health risks, and land degradation. Renewable energy sources offer the potential to reduce these negative impacts and create opportunities for sustainable development.Overall, the economics of energy production is a complex and dynamic field that requires careful analysis and consideration of multiple factors. As the global economy continues to evolve, the need to transition towards cleaner and more sustainable sources of energy becomes increasingly urgent. By understanding the economic implications of energy production and investing in renewable technologies, we can create a more resilient and environmentally-friendly energy system for the future.。
英文阅读理解关于火山运动
英文阅读理解关于火山运动Volcanic activity is a natural phenomenon that has fascinated scientists and laypeople alike for centuries. The Earth's crust is a complex puzzle of tectonic plates that constantly move and interact with each other. This movement is responsible for the creation and destruction of theplanet's surface features, including the formation of volcanoes.Volcanoes are formed when magma from deep within the Earth's mantle rises to the surface. The magma, a mixture of molten rock, minerals, and gases, is forced to the surface through cracks and fissures in the Earth's crust. When the magma reaches the surface, it can either flow out as lava or explode as an eruption, depending on the composition of the magma and the pressure conditions.There are several types of volcanic eruptions, each with its own characteristics. Some of the most common types include effusive eruptions, where lava flows gently out of the volcano, and explosive eruptions, which are characterized by violent explosions and the ejection of ash and rock fragments into the atmosphere.The study of volcanoes is known as volcanology, a branch of geology that seeks to understand the processes and patterns of volcanic activity. Volcanologists use various tools and techniques, such as seismographs to monitorearthquakes that may precede an eruption, and gas sensors to detect changes in volcanic gas emissions, which can be an indicator of an impending eruption.Understanding volcanic activity is crucial not only for scientific reasons but also for practical ones. Volcanic eruptions can have devastating effects on human populations and the environment. They can cause loss of life, destruction of property, and long-term environmental damage. By studying volcanoes, scientists can better predict eruptions and develop strategies to mitigate the risks associated with volcanic activity.In conclusion, the study of volcanic movement is acritical aspect of our understanding of the Earth's dynamic processes. It is a field that combines the awe-inspiring power of nature with the meticulous work of scientific research, aiming to protect and inform communities living in the shadow of these mighty geological features.。
The Paradox of Choice
The Paradox of ChoiceThe paradox of choice is a concept that has been widely discussed in the field of psychology and consumer behavior. It refers to the idea that having morechoices does not necessarily lead to greater happiness or satisfaction. In fact, too many choices can often lead to feelings of anxiety, stress, and dissatisfaction. This paradox has significant implications for individuals, businesses, and society as a whole. From a psychological perspective, the paradox of choice can be explained by the concept of decision fatigue. When faced with an overwhelming number of options, individuals may find it difficult to make a decision and may ultimately feel less satisfied with their choice. This can leadto a sense of regret and a constant questioning of whether the right decision was made. Additionally, the fear of making the wrong choice can lead to a state of paralysis, where individuals are unable to make any decision at all. This can have a negative impact on mental well-being and overall happiness. From a consumer behavior standpoint, the paradox of choice has important implications for businesses. While offering a wide range of options may seem beneficial, it can actually lead to decreased sales and customer satisfaction. Research has shownthat when presented with too many choices, consumers are more likely to experience decision fatigue and may ultimately walk away without making a purchase. This has led many businesses to rethink their approach to product offerings and to streamline their options in order to improve the overall customer experience. Ona societal level, the paradox of choice has implications for the way we approach decision-making and the way we structure our lives. In a world where we are constantly bombarded with options and opportunities, it can be easy to fall into the trap of constantly seeking the "best" choice. This can lead to a sense of FOMO, or fear of missing out, and can prevent individuals from fully committing to their decisions. This can have a ripple effect on relationships, careers, and overalllife satisfaction. One potential solution to the paradox of choice is the concept of minimalism. By intentionally limiting the number of choices we are exposed to, we can reduce decision fatigue and focus on what truly matters to us. This canlead to a greater sense of satisfaction and fulfillment with our decisions. Additionally, practicing mindfulness and being present in the moment can helpindividuals to appreciate the choices they have made and to let go of the constant need to seek out the "best" option. Overall, the paradox of choice is a complex and multifaceted concept that has significant implications for individuals, businesses, and society as a whole. By understanding the psychological and behavioral factors at play, we can work towards finding a balance between having enough choices to feel empowered, but not so many that it becomes overwhelming. This may require a shift in mindset and a reevaluation of our approach todecision-making, but ultimately, it can lead to greater happiness and satisfaction in our lives.。
2023年专四阅读详解与其诅咒黑暗不如燃起蜡烛
星期3 WednesdayBetter to light one candle than to curse the darkness.与其诅咒黑暗, 不如燃起蜡烛。
Text AHalf a dozen radio stations about the face of the globe crackled sparks of electricity from capital and into millions of humble homes; peace came through the air and was simultaneous over all the face of the earth.The great ceremony on the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay was anticlimax.The greatest fleet in the world lay amidst the greatest ruins in the world under a dark and cheerless covering of clouds.The USS Iowa was on one side of the Missouri, the USS South Dakota on the other.A tattered flag with thirty-one stars was hung on one of the turrets of the battleship —the flag of the infant republic, which Commodore Perry brought with him to the same bay almost a hundred years before.Above the mainmast fluttered the battle flag of the Union of today.The deck was crowded with the American technicians.There were a Russian with a red band about his cap and a Tass newsreel man who insisted on crawling in among the main actors to get his shots; there was a Canadian general who spoiled his part and signed on the wrong line; there was a carefully tailored Chinese general from Chungking.Half a dozen Japanese were piped over the side of the Missouri, but for the purpose of history and in every man’s memory there were only two —the general, Umezu, and the statesman,Shingemitsu.Umezu was dressed in parade uniform, all his ribbons glistening, and his eyes blank, but you could see the brown pockmarks on his cheeks swelling and falling in emotion.Shingemitsu was dressed in a tall silk hat and a formal morning coat as if he were attending a wedding or a funeral.He had a wooden leg, and he limped along the deck; when he began to climb to the veranda deck where the peace was to be signed, he clutched the ropes and struggled up with infinite pain and discomfort.Shingemitsu and Umezu were brought forward, and, after a few carefully chosen words beautifully spoken by General MacArthur, they signed their names to a document marking an end to the Japanese Empire.When they had signed, the generals and admirals of all the other nations put their signatures to the document, and peace, if peace it was, had come.1.The document was signed on[A] the USS Iowa. [B] the USS South Dakota.[C] the battleship Missouri. [D] didn’t mention.2.In the second paragraph, “A tattered flag with thirty-one stars”is of[A] USS. [B] the infant USA.[C] today’s USA. [D] the greatest fleet.3.When portraying Umezu and Shingemitsu, the author focused on all the following EXCEPT[A] facial expression. [B] appearance.[C] motions. [D] inner activity.4.By saying “and peace, if peace it was, had come”, the author implied that[A] he valued the signature ceremony.[B] he was sure of the peace coming.[C] he suspected that the signature meant the real end of war.[D] he believed the signature ceremony would bring peace.Text BLeft unfettered(无拘无束的), Anthony Konieczka, 9 years old, would happily thumb away at his Game Boy Advance or PlayStation 2 from the minute he gets up to the moment he crawls into bed, 14 bleary-eyed(睡眼惺忪的)hours later.Anthony’s basement is stocked with traditional toys —board games, puzzles, art supplies —and as far as he is concerned, they are relics of Christmases past.His sister Michaely, 6 years old, still likes dressing her Barbies.But once she starts playing Game Boy it’s hard to get her away.Play patterns like this could grab another Christmas for the toy department.Through September, toy sales were down 5% compared with the first nine months of last year, according to the NDP Group.Meanwhile, the video-game industry is heading for another record year.Thanks to hot new games like Halo 2 for the Xbox, the industry is light-years ahead of the toy business when it comes to buzz.With distractions such as instant messaging, cell phone games and iPods angling for kids’minds and allowances, the digital revolution is making life miserable for the toy industry.While some hard-to-find toys emerge every holiday season, toymakers are heading into this one without a monster hit.Indeed, there has not been a Furby-style frenzy in years.Of 10 toy segments only two, arts and crafts and dolls, have generated sales growth over a recent 12 month period.Some of the weakest categories like construction sets and action figures are the ones aimed at boys, who suffer the most blisters from the video games.Analysts expect one of the top stocking stuffers this season to be not a traditional toy but the new generation of Nintendo’s Game Boy, the DS, which hit stores last week.The deeper issue is that shifts in play patterns are forcing toymakers to fight for shelf space in a tightening market.Boys in particular seem to be abandoning traditional toys at earlier ages in favor of consumer electronics, trendy video games, PC software and the Internet.The notion that kids are growing more sophisticated and tech-savvy (懂技术的), a trend called “age compression”, has bedeviled toy companies for at least a decade.Action figures, for instance, usedto be considered healthy for boys up to age 12.Now the items are mainly marketed to boys 4 to 6.A recent study found that nearly half of the U.S children start on video games at 4 to 5 years old —and 20% at age 3 or younger.Toy companies, of course, have long seen this coming.Mattel attempted to get into educational software in the late 1990s, spending $3.6 million to buy the Learning Company.But it turned out to be a blunder and led to more than $400 million in ter on Mattel got back to building basic brands like Barbie and Hot Wheels.But Barbie’s sales slump may also be a victim of kids growing older at younger ages.Several of the toys expected to sell well this season are, in fact, those that incorporate video gaming and DVD technologies.Mattel’s Fisher-Price introduced a game system called InteracTV this year, featuring DVDs with characters like Dora the explorer.Hasbro came out with a portable color video player called VideoNow and has been putting classic games like Battleship and Yahtzee into hand-held electronic format.5.At the beginning of the passage, the author implies that[A] video games are designed only for boys.[B] girls are usually not interested in video games.[C] both Anthony and Michaely are good at playing PlayStation 2.[D] children would not like to stop playing Game Boy once they start.6.We learn from the passage that in this holiday season[A] it is hard to find traditional toys in the market.[B] toymakers are planning to design monster toys.[C] no hit toys will come onto the market.[D] Furby will become popular among children.7.The sales of construction sets are decreasing because[A] they are not healthy toys for children.[B] they are very weak and easily broken.[C] they are hard to find on shelves of toy stores.[D] they are aimed at boys who are easily attracted by the video games.8.What has been bothering toymakers for almost ten years?[A] The Internet addiction.[B] The trend of age compression.[C] The sales of action figures.[D] The new generation of Game Boy.9.It is predicted that in this season the popular toys would be[A] hot new game Halo 2 for the Xbox.[B] arts and crafts and dolls.[C] action figures designed for boys aged from 4 to 6.[D] toys that integrate video gaming with DVD technologies.Text CSpace is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星) but also because of rays from the Sun and other stars.Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space.Doses of radiation are measured in units called “rem”.We all receive radiation here on the Earth from the Sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals.The “normal”dose of radiation that we receive each year is about 100 millirem; it varies according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate.Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than this without being damaged; the figure of 60 rem has been agreed on.The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage —a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of children or even grandchildren.Early space probes showed that radiation varies in different parts of space around the Earth.It alsovaries in time because, when great spurts of gas shoot out of the Sun, they are accompanied by a lot of extra radiation.Some estimates of the amount of radiation in space, based on various measurements and calculations, are as low as 10 rem per year, while others are as high as 5 rem per hour! Mission to the Moon have had to cross the Van Allen belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo 8 crew accumulated a total dose of about 200 millirem per man.It was hoped that there would not be any large solar flares during the times of Apollo moon walks because the walls of the lunar excursion modules (LEMs) were not thick enough to protect the men inside, though the command modules did give reasonable protection.So far, no dangerous doses of radiation have been reported, but the Gemini(双子座)orbits and the Apollo missions have been quite short.We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory or in a base on the Moon.Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.At present, radiation seems to be the greatest physical hazard to space travelers, but it is impossible to say just how serious the hazard will turn out to be in the future.10.What make space a dangerous place?[A] The radioactive meteors.[B] The Sun and other stars.[C] Rays from the earth.[D] Rem.11.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?[A] The “normal” dose of radiation we receive is generally accepted as safe.[B] Scientists are certain that 60 rem of radiation won’t damage man.[C] Harm of radiation is not likely to be seen immediately.[D] We don’t know exactly the seriousness of radiation damage.12.Missions to the moon are dangerous to the explorers because[A] they have to cross the high radioactive area.[B] solar flares may damage the LEMs.[C] they have to stay in space for a long time.[D] they will probably run into meteors.13.How will men effectively protect themselves when they spend long periods in space?[A] By taking special drugs.[B] By wearing special suits.[C] By using a protective blanket.[D] No effective solution has been found yet.14.The example of Apollo is to show[A] the Apollo mission was very successful.[B] protection from space radiation is no easy job.[C] astronauts don’t care about radiation damage.[D] radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers.15.The best title for this passage would be[A] The Atmosphere and Our Environment[B] Research on Radiation[C] Effects of Space Radiation[D] Important Protection against RadiationText DA simple computer program that teaches children to distinguish between sounds can dramatically boost their listening skills.It can allow them to progress by the equivalent of two years in just a few weeks, the game’s creator claims.The game, called Phonomena, was devised by David Moore of the University of Oxford, U.K., as an aid for children with language problems, but he says his latest trials also show that itcan help any child.Other experts, however, are reserving judgment until independent tests are carried out.Phonomena is designed to improve children’s ability to distinguish between different phonemes(音素), the basic sounds that form the building blocks of language.Up to a fifth of all children are thought to have problems hearing the differences between some sounds, says Moore, who heads the U.K.Medical Research Council’s Institute of Hearing Research.In the game, children have to distinguish between pairs of phonemes such as the “i”sound from the word “bit”and the “e”from “bet”.They are played one phoneme followed by two more examples, and asked which one matches the first sound.As the game progresses, the phonemes are gradually “morphed”(改变) to make them more and more similar, making it increasingly difficult to distinguish between them.With 44 phonemes in English, there are potentially more than 1,000 different pairs, but the game concentrates on just 22 pairs of the commonest and most similar-sounding phonemes.In the latest trials, 18 children aged between eight and ten played the game three times a week for four weeks.Their language abilities were compared before and after exposure to the game using a standard listening test.The team found a dramatic improvement in their language abilities, with listening ages up by an average 2.4 years compared with 12 children who did not play the game.In earlier trials on children with learning difficulties, the speech and language therapists who tested the game reported similar improvements.But Ted Wragg, an expert in education at the U.K’s University of Exeter, warns that such trials can produce misleading results.The improvements could be due to the efforts and attention of teachers and therapists, rather than the game itself.There is a history in education of people and companies making claims about learning products that do not stand up to scrutiny, he says.It is a bit like teaching someone to catch a ball, Moore adds.“Sensory performance is no different from motor performance.As far as we know, the neural processes driving them both arethe same.”And just as playing catch improves hand-eye coordination in other tasks, Moore thinks the phoneme training boosts children’s general language skills.The advantage of using computers, he says, is each game can be tailored to a child’s abilities.An oxford-based company called MindWeavers has been set up to commercialize the game.Similar computer0based language tools already exist, such as those developed by Scientific Learning of Oakland, California.But these are geared exclusively towards children with speech and language problems and involve intensive training.“We don’t believe you need to do this Draconian(严酷的) amount of training for it to do good,”says Moore.He is also exploring the use of phoneme training as an aid to adults learning a foreign language.16.At first, the Phonomena game is designed for[A] adults.[B] disabled children.[C] children with language problems.[D] all children.17.We can infer from the passage that in the game[A] one fifth of the children have difficult distinguishing between sounds.[B] children are asked to tell the differences between similar sounds.[C] the phonemes are becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish.[D] 44 phonemes in English are involved.18.In Ted Wragg’s opinion,[A] the trial results are not reliable and reasonable.[B] the game is helpful to children with language problems.[C] the trial results are accurate.[D] the trial results show that the game is useless.19.What is the advantage of using computers in Phonomena game?[A] It can provide customized service.[B] It can provide multimedia service.[C] Children can play the game at home.[D] It can improve child’s ability.20.What’s the limitation of the existing computer-based language tools?[A] They are designed exclusively for children.[B] They require too much training.[C] They are too harsh.[D] They do nothing good to language skills.语境词汇Text A1.crackle sparks of electricity <喻>通过电波传递2.anticlimax n.令人扫兴的结尾3.tatter v.扯碎，使变破烂：a tattered flag 一面破旧的国旗4.mainmast n.主桅5.pipe v.召集, 召唤6.the veranda deck 舰艇上的游廊7.clutch v.抓住，抓紧Text B1.thumb v.以拇指摆弄n.大拇指2.blister n.水泡, 气泡v.使起水泡3.angle v.谋取；垂钓n.角；角度, 观点4.hit n.成功的尝试；击中v.打（击）5.frenzy n.狂乱；极度的激动6.trendy a.时髦的, 流行的n.新潮人物,穿着时髦的人7.bedevil vt.使苦恼；折磨8.slump n.经济衰退；消沉v.倒下，陷落；下跌Text C1.radiation n.放射, 辐射；放射物, 放射线2.cosmic n.宇宙的；广大的, 无限的3.probe n.太空探测器；探查v.查究, 调查4.spurt n.喷射；忽然的加速、增强vi.喷出, 涌出5.accumulate v.积累, 聚集；增长6.excursion n.郊游，远足，游览Text D1.distinguish vt.＆vi.区分, 辨别2.phoneme n.音素, 音位2.exposure n.暴露, 揭露；曝光, 曝光时间3.scrutiny n.细察, 详审4.sensory a.知觉的, 感觉的, 感觉器官的5.tailor vt.使合适, 修改n.裁缝6.exclusively ad.仅仅，专门地；排他地，独占地难句突破Text A1.There were a Russian with a red band about his cap and a Tass newsreel man who insisted on crawling in among the main actors to get his shots; there was a Canadian general who flubbed his part and signed on the wrong line; there was a carefully tailored Chinese general from Chungking. 【分析】并列复合句。
星星之火可以点燃大火英语作文
星星之火可以点燃大火英语作文The Power of a Single Spark: Igniting the Flame of Change.In the vast universe, the smallest of stars can emit a brilliant light, a spark that illuminates the darkness and serves as a guiding beacon. Similarly, in the realm of human endeavor and progress, it is often the tiniest spark of inspiration, the faintest glimmer of hope, that ignites the flame of change and transforms the world. This phenomenon, often described in the apt phrase "a single spark can start a forest fire," holds profound significance in our understanding of the potential within eachindividual to make a significant impact.The initial spark, though tiny, possesses an inherent power that is both unyielding and irresistible. It is the seed of an idea, a vision that, though initially obscure, holds the potential to grow into a mighty force. Just as a single spark can ignite a tinder-dry forest, a small butpassionate idea can spark a revolution, inspire a movement, or trigger a chain reaction of progress.The journey from spark to flame, however, is not without challenges. It requires fuel in the form of dedication, perseverance, and unwavering commitment. The spark.。
宇宙大爆炸英文作文
宇宙大爆炸英文作文英文：The Big Bang is the most widely accepted theory of the origin and evolution of the universe. According to this theory, the universe began as a singularity, a point of infinite density and temperature, about 13.8 billion years ago. The singularity then rapidly expanded in a massive explosion, which we call the Big Bang. The universe has been expanding and cooling down since then, and it continues to do so today.The evidence for the Big Bang theory is overwhelming. For example, the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is a remnant of the Big Bang, can be detected in all directions in space. This radiation is consistent with the predictions of the Big Bang theory and has been measured with great precision by various experiments.Another piece of evidence is the abundance of lightelements such as hydrogen and helium in the universe. These elements were formed during the Big Bang, and their abundance is also consistent with the predictions of the theory.However, there are still some unanswered questions about the Big Bang, such as what caused the singularity to exist in the first place and what happened in the first few moments after the Big Bang. Scientists are still working to understand these mysteries.中文：宇宙大爆炸是目前最被广泛接受的宇宙起源和演化理论。
2017考研英语阅读精选硫化铁量子点能提高电池性能
2017考研英语阅读精选硫化铁量子点能提高电池性能在考研英语中，阅读分数可谓是占到了总分的半壁江山，正所谓“得阅读者得考研”。
对于备考2016考研的同学们，在平时的复习中一定要拓展阅读思路，各类话题都要关注，这样才能在整体上提升考研英语阅读水平!凯程考研频道考研分享《2016考研英语阅读精选》，一起来学习吧!硫化铁量子点能提高电池性能If you add quantum dots - nanocrystals 10,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair - to a smartphone battery it will charge in 30 seconds, but the effect only lasts for a few recharge cycles. However, a group of researchers at Vanderbilt University report in the Nov. 11 issue of the journal ACS Nano that they have found a way to overcome this problem: Making the quantum dots out of iron pyrite, commonly known as fool's gold, can produce batteries that charge quickly and work for dozens of cycles.The research team headed by Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering Cary Pint and led by graduate student Anna Douglas became interested in iron pyrite because it is one of the most abundant materials in the earth's surface. It is produced in raw form as a byproduct of coal production and is so cheap that it is used in lithium batteries that are bought in the store and thrown away after a single use.Despite all their promise, researchers have had trouble getting nanoparticles to improve battery performance."Researchers have demonstrated that nanoscale materials can significantly improve batteries, but there is a limit," Pint said. "When the particles get very small, generally meaning below 10 nanometers (40 to 50 atoms wide), the nanoparticles begin to chemically react with the electrolytes and so can only charge and discharge a few times. So this size regime is forbidden In commercial lithium-ion batteries."Aided by Douglas' expertise in synthesizing nanoparticles, the team set out to explore this "ultrasmall" regime. They did so by adding millions of iron pyrite quantum dots of different sizes to standard lithium button batteries like those that are used to power watches, automobile key remotes and LED flashlights. They got the most bang for their buck when they added ultrasmall nanocrystals that were about 4.5 nanometers in size. These substantially improved both the batteries' cycling and rate capabilities.The researchers discovered that they got this result because iron pyrite has a unique way of changing form into an iron and a lithium-sulfur (or sodium sulfur) compound to store energy. "This is a different mechanism from how commercial lithium-ion batteries store charge, where lithium inserts into a material during charging and is extracted while discharging - all the while leaving the material that stores the lithium mostly unchanged," Douglas explained.【单词详解】1 pintn.品脱参考例句：I'll have a pint of beer and a packet of crisps, please.我要一品脱啤酒和一袋炸马铃薯片。
了不起的盖茨比第七章英语单词知乎
了不起的盖茨比第七章英语单词知乎全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Vocabulary of Chapter 7 in The Great Gatsby: A Student's In-Depth AnalysisWhat's up, fellow literature lovers and word nerds? Today, we're diving deep into the rich and symbolic vocabulary found in Chapter 7 of F. Scott Fitzgerald's masterpiece, The Great Gatsby. As a student who adores dissecting literary works, I'm thrilled to share my insights and personal interpretations of the language used in this pivotal chapter.First things first, let's set the stage. Chapter 7 is the climax of the novel, where tensions reach a boiling point, and the illusions surrounding Gatsby's persona and his pursuit of Daisy begin to unravel. The atmosphere is thick with dramatic irony, and Fitzgerald masterfully employs evocative diction to convey the underlying emotions and thematic elements.One word that immediately caught my attention is "inexplicable." Fitzgerald describes the "inexplicable certified confusion" surrounding Gatsby's background and wealth. Thisword not only highlights the mystery and ambiguity surrounding Gatsby but also foreshadows the eventual revelation of his shady past and the disillusionment that follows.Moving on, we encounter the phrase "fantastic conceits." This phrase perfectly encapsulates the grandiose delusions and unrealistic expectations that have driven the characters' actions throughout the novel. It's a poignant reminder of the theme of disillusionment and the harsh reality that often shatters our idealized dreams.Another standout word is "appalling." Used to describe Gatsby's reaction to Tom's revelations about his past, it conveys the profound sense of shock and dismay that overwhelms him as his carefully crafted persona crumbles. The intensity of this word mirrors the devastating impact of the truth on Gatsby's psyche.Let's not forget the word "colossal." Fitzgerald employs this adjective to depict the sheer magnitude of Gatsby's illusions and the scale of his dreams. It's a testament to the grandiose nature of his aspirations, which ultimately prove to be his undoing.Shifting gears, the phrase "grotesque, circumstantial" caught my eye. Fitzgerald uses it to describe the evidence Tom presents against Gatsby, hinting at the sordid and unsavory details of his past. This phrase adds a sense of ugliness and distortion to therevelations, further emphasizing the stark contrast between Gatsby's idealized persona and the harsh realities of his life.One word that struck me as particularly powerful is "holocaust." Fitzgerald employs this term to describe the intense emotional turmoil and devastation that Gatsby experiences as his dreams are shattered. The word's connotations of complete destruction and sacrifice resonate deeply with the theme of disillusionment and the sacrifices Gatsby made in pursuit of his dreams.Finally, let's explore the phrase "obscurity borne once more in line of sight." This poetic line refers to the resurfacing of Gatsby's obscure past, which had been carefully concealed until this point. It's a haunting reminder that no matter how hard we try to reinvent ourselves, our pasts have a way of catching up with us, and the truth ultimately prevails.In conclusion, the vocabulary employed by Fitzgerald in Chapter 7 of The Great Gatsby is a masterclass in literary craftsmanship. Each word and phrase is meticulously chosen to convey deeper meanings, symbolism, and thematic elements. From the sense of mystery and ambiguity to the harsh realities of disillusionment, the diction in this chapter is a powerful tool thatenhances the emotional impact of the narrative and leaves a lasting impression on the reader.So, there you have it, my fellow word enthusiasts – a deep dive into the vocabulary of Chapter 7 of The Great Gatsby. I hope this analysis has piqued your interest and inspired you to delve deeper into the rich tapestry of language woven by Fitzgerald in this literary masterpiece.篇2Vocabulary Gems from Chapter 7 of The Great GatsbyHey fellow bookworms! As an avid reader and lover of literature, I always look forward to diving deep into the linguistic riches found in classic novels. Today, I want to share some of the juiciest vocabulary morsels from Chapter 7 of F. Scott Fitzgerald's masterpiece, The Great Gatsby.Let's kick things off with a word that perfectly encapsulates the lavish lifestyle portrayed in the novel: "sumptuous." When Gatsby's house is described as "a solemn, haunting house, broodingly immense among its fringed and sumptuous gardens," the word "sumptuous" conjures up images of extravagant opulence and luxurious splendor. It's a word that screams "over-the-top" and "no expense spared."Speaking of lavish parties, the word "revelers" caught my eye. It refers to the raucous, carefree merrymakers who attended Gatsby's legendary bashes. Can't you just picture a horde of revelers, decked out in their finest threads, dancing the night away with reckless abandon?Now, let's delve into a word that carries a more ominous undertone: "sinister." When Nick describes Gatsby's smile as having "a quality of eternal reassurance in that conclusive smile, the vigorous promise that the rock of the world was founded securely on a fairy's wing," the word "sinister" is used to describe the smile's "sinister resilience." This word choice hints at something darker lurking beneath the surface, foreshadowing the tragic events to come.Moving on, we have the delightfully whimsical word "oblivious." When the narrative states that Gatsby was "oblivious of the sunshine," it paints a vivid picture of someone so lost in their own thoughts and preoccupations that they fail to notice the world around them. It's a relatable feeling we've all experienced at one point or another.Next up is a word that evokes a sense of mystique and intrigue: "inscrutable." When Nick observes Gatsby's "inscrutable vision," it suggests a depth and complexity to Gatsby's characterthat defies easy comprehension. It's a tantalizing hint at the layers of mystery surrounding this enigmatic figure.Let's not forget the deliciously descriptive word "grotesque." When Nick describes the "grotesque, fascinating brightness" of Gatsby's wealth and possessions, it simultaneously conveys a sense of awe and repulsion. It's a word that perfectly captures the allure and excess of the Gatsby lifestyle while hinting at its inherent ugliness.Moving on, we have the evocative word "haunt." When Nick mentions Gatsby's "haunting loneliness," it conjures up images of a specter-like figure, forever trapped in a state of melancholic solitude. It's a word that adds a haunting, ethereal quality to Gatsby's character.Finally, let's explore the word "permeate." When Nick describes the "permeating scent" of Gatsby's house, it creates a vivid sensory experience, as if the reader can smell the rich, lingering aromas wafting through the air. It's a word that adds depth and texture to the descriptive passages.Well, there you have it, fellow word nerds! A tantalizing glimpse into the rich vocabulary that permeates Chapter 7 of The Great Gatsby. Whether you're a seasoned literary connoisseur or a budding bibliophile, these words are sure to add somelinguistic sparkle to your reading experience. Happy reading, and may the words dance off the page and into your heart!篇3The Dazzling Vocabulary of Gatsby's ReunionChapter 7 of The Great Gatsby is a pivotal moment in the novel, where the long-awaited reunion between Gatsby and Daisy finally occurs. As a student of literature, I was struck by the masterful way Fitzgerald uses language to convey the intense emotions and tensions at play during this climactic scene. The vocabulary he employs is rich, evocative, and at times, dazzlingly complex, adding layers of depth and nuance to the narrative. Let's delve into some of the most captivating words and phrases from this chapter.One word that immediately caught my attention was "colossal," used to describe Gatsby's dreams and aspirations. This adjective conjures up images of something vast, monumental, and awe-inspiring, perfectly capturing the grandiose nature of Gatsby's pursuit of Daisy. The word's etymological roots in Greek further emphasize its magnitude, lending a sense of timelessness and universality to Gatsby's desires.Another striking word is "feign," which Fitzgerald employs when describing Gatsby's attempts to appear casual and nonchalant in Daisy's presence. The term "feign" suggests a deliberate act of deception or pretense, hinting at the complex web of emotions and facades that Gatsby has woven around himself. This word choice skillfully underscores the deep vulnerability and insecurity that lie beneath Gatsby's carefully constructed persona.Fitzgerald's use of the word "ineffable" is particularly noteworthy, as he applies it to describe the quality of Gatsby's smile when he finally reunites with Daisy. "Ineffable" suggests something that is too profound or too sublime to be adequately expressed in words, perfectly capturing the depth of Gatsby's emotional state in that moment. This word choice elevates the scene to a level of almost spiritual transcendence, reflecting the intensity of Gatsby's long-held dreams and desires.The phrase "furnace of vitriol" is another evocative turn of phrase that caught my eye. Fitzgerald uses this vivid metaphor to describe Tom Buchanan's simmering anger and hostility towards Gatsby. The word "vitriol" conjures up images of a highly corrosive and toxic substance, while "furnace" implies an intense and uncontrollable heat, together painting a powerful picture ofTom's barely contained rage. This metaphor foreshadows the explosive confrontation that ultimately erupts between the two men, heightening the sense of tension and impending conflict.Fitzgerald's use of the word "appalling" is particularly interesting, as it carries a dual meaning. On one level, it suggests something that is shocking or horrifying, reflecting the profound emotional turmoil and disillusionment that Gatsby experiences as his dreams begin to unravel. However, the word "appalling" can also mean "causing dismay or disappointment," which aptly describes the sense of disenchantment that Gatsby must feel as he realizes the true nature of Daisy's character and the insurmountable challenges standing in the way of their reunion.The phrase "grotesque and fantastic conceits" is another standout example of Fitzgerald's rich vocabulary. "Conceits" refers to fanciful or imaginative notions, while "grotesque" and "fantastic" suggest something that is both distorted and whimsical. This phrase is used to describe the extravagant and over-the-top decorations adorning Gatsby's mansion, reflecting the grandiose and almost absurd lengths to which he has gone in his pursuit of wealth and status – all in an effort to win over Daisy. This vivid description not only paints a striking visualpicture but also serves as a metaphor for the distorted and fantastical nature of Gatsby's dreams and aspirations.Throughout Chapter 7, Fitzgerald employs a multitude of evocative and richly descriptive words and phrases, such as "riotous," "curtains of azaleas," "vanished trees," and "ecstatic caress." These word choices not only create a vivid and immersive reading experience but also serve to reinforce the overarching themes of the novel, such as the futility of pursuing the past, the corrupting influence of wealth and materialism, and the disillusionment that often accompanies the pursuit of idealized dreams.As a student of literature, I am in awe of Fitzgerald's masterful command of language and his ability to weave together words in a way that not only tells a compelling story but also resonates on a deeper, emotional level. The vocabulary he employs in Chapter 7, with its rich tapestry of evocative and nuanced terms, is a testament to his literary genius and his profound understanding of the human condition.In conclusion, the dazzling vocabulary and artful use of language in Chapter 7 of The Great Gatsby are a true hallmark of Fitzgerald's literary prowess. From the grandiose "colossal" to the sublime "ineffable," and the vivid "furnace of vitriol," eachword is carefully chosen and expertly woven into the narrative, adding depth, nuance, and emotional resonance to this pivotal moment in the novel. As a student, exploring and unpacking the meanings and connotations of these words has not only enriched my understanding of the text but has also deepened my appreciation for the power of language and the craft of great literary works.。
The-Universe
Passage 5The Universe's Invisible HandBy Christopher J. ConseliceDark energy (暗能量) does more than hurry along the expansion of the universe. It also has a stranglehold on the shape and spacing of galaxiesWhat took us so long? Only in 1998 did astronomers discover we had been missing nearly three quarters of the contents of the universe, the so-called dark energy--an unknown form of energy that surrounds each of us, tugging at us ever so slightly, holding the fate of the cosmos in its grip, but to which we are almost totally blind. Some researchers, to be sure, had anticipated that such energy existed, but even they will tell you that its detection ranks among the most revolutionary discoveries in 20th-century cosmology. Not only does dark energy appear to make up the bulk of the universe, but its existence, if it stands the test of time, will probably require the development of new theories of physics.Scientists are just starting the long process of figuring out what dark energy is and what its implications are. One realization has already sunk in: although dark energy betrayed its existence through its effect on the universe as a whole, it may also shape the evolution of the universe's inhabitants--stars, galaxies, galaxy clusters. Astronomers may have been staring at its handiwork for decades without realizing it.暗能量不仅仅会加速宇宙膨胀。
考研英语阅读外刊原文(英国卫报)
Elon Musk reveals Tesla will not accept Bitcoin citing fossil fuel use埃隆·马斯克表示，由于对化石燃料的消耗，特斯拉将不再接受比特币付款Tesla CEO, Elon Musk has announced that the company has suspended customers’ use of Bitcoin to purchase its vehicles, citing concerns about the use of fossil fuel for bitcoin mining.特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克宣布，特斯拉将不再接受客户使用比特币买车，理由是担心挖矿过多消耗化石燃料。
In a statement, Musk noted that Tesla was concerned about rapidly increasing use of fossil fuels for Bitcoin mining and transactions, especially coal, which has the worst emissions of any fuel.马斯克在一份声明中指出，特斯拉对比特币开采和交易中所消耗化石燃料的迅速增加感到担忧，尤其是对碳排放影响最大的煤。
“Cryptocurrency is a good idea on many levels and we believe it has a promising future, but this cannot come at great cost to the environment,” Musk says.马斯克称：“从很多层面上来说，加密货币是个好点子，我们相信它会有一个光明的未来，但这绝不能以牺牲环境为代价。
”The Tesla and SpaceX chief is an ardent supporter of cryptocurrencies and has inspired big market swings in the prices of digital coins this year, including Bitcoin and Dogecoin.身为特斯拉和SpaceX首席执行官的马斯克也是加密货币的狂热支持者，他今年推动了比特币和狗狗币等数字货币价格的大幅波动。
Mysteries of the Universe
The mysteries of the universe are vast and awe-inspiring, encompassing everything from the nature of dark matter and dark energy to the origins of the cosmos and the possibility of extraterrestrial life. Some of the most intriguing mysteries include:1.Dark Matter and Dark Energy: These are two of the most enigmaticcomponents of the universe, comprising the majority of its mass and energy. Yet, their true nature and properties remain largely elusive, challenging our understanding of the fundamental forces at play in the universe.2.The Big Bang: The origin of the universe itself is a profoundmystery, with the Big Bang theory providing a framework forunderstanding the rapid expansion of space and the subsequentevolution of galaxies, stars, and planets. However, manyquestions remain about what preceded the Big Bang and what lies beyond the observable universe.3.Black Holes: These enigmatic cosmic phenomena have captivatedscientists and the public alike, as their extreme gravitational pull and mysterious interiors defy our current understanding of physics. The nature of the singularity at the heart of a black hole and the potential links to other cosmic mysteries aresubjects of ongoing research.4.Exoplanets and the Search for Life: The discovery of thousandsof exoplanets beyond our solar system has fueled speculationabout the potential for life elsewhere in the universe.Understanding the conditions necessary for life to exist and the likelihood of finding extraterrestrial civilizations are among the most tantalizing mysteries in astronomy.5.Quantum Mechanics and Gravity: The quest to reconcile theprinciples of quantum mechanics with the force of gravityrepresents a major frontier in theoretical physics, withprofound implications for understanding the behavior of matter at the smallest and largest scales.These mysteries, among many others, continue to inspire scientists and philosophers to push the boundaries of human knowledge and imagination, offering a glimpse into the profound complexities of the cosmos.。
Black hole entropy without brick walls
where p2 = pi pi , i = 1, 2, 3. Eq. (3) seriously deforms the Planckian spectrum of the black body radiation at the Planck temperature, Tλ = 1/λ (see Reng.lee@ this is the mailing address
1
The title is the same as Ref.[1] where Demers et al show that the divergence appearing in the brick wall model[2] can be absorbed into the renormalized Newton’s constant. By using the WKB approximation, ’t Hooft investigates the statistical properties of a scalar field outside the horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. The entropy proportional to the horizon area is obtained, but with a cutoff utilized to remove the divergence of the density of states. The cutoff is introduced by hand and looks unnatural. Susskind and Uglum suggest that the explosive free energy and entropy in the model of ’t Hooft are related to the divergence of the one-loop effective action of the quantum field theory in curved space[3]. Their conjecture is confirmed by [1]. The authors of [1] remove the cutoff and regularize the divergent free energy and entropy by introducing some regulators. These fictitious fields are especially designated in the number, statistics and masses. To my surprise, the entropy expressed by the masses of the regulators can be precisely renormalized to the Bekenstein-Hawking formula, S = A/(4GR ), GR is the renormalized Newton’s constant. However, it is hard to understand the introduction of the “ bare entropy” in Ref.[1]. The “ bare entropy” seems to be negative and its meaning is unclear1 . Is there a better method can remove the divergence appearing in the brick wall model? Recently, many efforts have been devoted to the generalized uncertainty relation λ (1) ∆x∆p ≥ h ¯ + (∆p)2 , h ¯ and its consequences[5]–[11], especially the effect on the density of states[10][11]. Here h ¯ is the Planck constant, λ is of order √ of the Planck length. Eq. (1) means that there is a minimal length, 2 λ. As well known, the number of quantum states in the integrals d3 xd3 p is given by d3 xd3 p , (2πh ¯ )3 (2)
考研英语阅读指导《并非金矿》
考研英语阅读指导《并非金矿》考研英语阅读指导《并非金矿》Not a gold mine 并非金矿Dreamsof finding lost treasure almost came true recently. A new machine called TheRevealer has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has beenburied in the ground. The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where it is said pirates used to hide gold.The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.Armed with the new machine，a search party went intothe cave hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examiningthe soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there wasgold under the ground. Very excited， the party dug ahole two feel deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almostworthless. The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not findanything except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this，many people are confident that The Revealer may reveal something of valuefairly soon.New words and expressions 生词和短语goldn. 金子minen. 矿treasuren. 财宝revealern. 探测器inventv. 发明detectv. 探测buryv. 埋藏caven. 山洞seashoren. 海岸piraten. 海盗armv. 武装soiln. 泥土。
小学上册E卷英语第五单元测验试卷
小学上册英语第五单元测验试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.My sister enjoys __________ (参加) school plays.2.The _______ (The Emancipation Proclamation) declared the freedom of slaves in the US.3.In my free time, I enjoy __________. It helps me relax and be __________. Sometimes, I also like to __________ and learn new things.4.How many vowels are there in the English alphabet?A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7B5.Metals tend to lose ______ in reactions.6.The _______ (狗) is always loyal to its owner.7.What do you call a large body of saltwater?A. OceanB. RiverC. LakeD. StreamA8.My dog loves to play in the _______ (草地).9.What is the name of the famous American singer known for "Toxic"?A. Britney SpearsB. Christina AguileraC. Jennifer LopezD. Mariah CareyA10.Star clusters are groups of stars that are ______ together by gravity.11.I think every day is an opportunity to __________.12.What is the color of a ripe banana?A. BlueB. RedC. YellowD. GreenC13.What do we call the act of improving one's skills?A. TrainingB. DevelopmentC. EducationD. All of the AboveD14.What is the name of the famous battle fought in 1066?A. Battle of HastingsB. Battle of WaterlooC. Battle of GettysburgD. Battle of Agincourt15.What is the name of the famous ancient city in Greece?A. AthensB. MycenaeC. DelphiD. All of the above16.The __________ (高原) is known for its unique landscape.17.The process of making new substances by combining others is called _____.18.I planted a _______ in my garden (我在我的花园里种了一_______).19.I have a ___ (new) phone.20. A _______ can be used to test the effects of friction on movement.21.The __________ (植物的适应) mechanisms are amazing to observe.22.What do you use to write on paper?A. PaintB. PencilC. BrushD. Clay23.The __________ is the area of land drained by a river and its tributaries.24.The __________ is a large area of land that is rich in minerals.25.What instrument is used to measure air pressure?A. ThermometerB. BarometerC. AnemometerD. HydrometerB26.What do we call a sweet drink made from fruit juice and water?A. LemonadeB. PunchC. SmoothieD. Cocktail27.What is the largest mammal?A. ElephantB. Blue whaleC. GiraffeD. RhinoB28.The main component of the air we breathe is ______.29. A _______ is a visual representation of a chemical reaction.30.The _____ (植物行为观察) can inform conservation strategies.31.I _____ (have/has) a new bike.32.My favorite fruit is ______. (apple)33. A _______ is a property that describes how a substance behaves in a chemical reaction.34.What do we call a person who studies space?A. AstronomerB. GeologistC. MeteorologistD. Biologist35.Garden tools include ______ (铲子) and rakes.36.My pet likes to play with my _________ (绒毛玩具).37.Hydrogen is the lightest __________ in the universe.38.My grandma has a beautiful ______ (花园). It has many ______ (植物).39.We have a _____ (比赛) next month.40.Mercury is a metal that is _____ (liquid) at room temperature.41.I can ______ (遵守) rules and regulations.42.I help my dad with __________. (花园)43.What do we call the process of creating a new organism through reproduction?A. FertilizationB. GerminationC. DevelopmentD. ReproductionD Reproduction44.The invention of the steam engine changed _____ transportation.45.Which month has 28 days?A. FebruaryB. JanuaryC. MarchD. AprilA46.What is the primary ingredient in guacamole?A. TomatoB. AvocadoC. OnionD. Pepper47.The chemical symbol for lead is ______.48.The chemical formula for magnesium chloride is _______.49.The __________ is a famous archaeological site in Egypt. (金字塔)50.How many colors are there in a traffic light?A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. FiveB51.What is the term for a group of stars forming a pattern?A. GalaxyB. ConstellationC. ClusterD. NebulaB52.The book is very ___ (interesting/boring).53.What is the opposite of 'happy'?A. JoyfulB. SadC. ExcitedD. Angry54.The _______ helps plants take in sunlight.55.The _______ of a liquid can change when heated.56. A ________ is a body of water that connects two larger bodies of water.57.The ______ is the outer layer of a tree.58.What is the process of water changing into vapor called?A. CondensationB. EvaporationC. PrecipitationD. InfiltrationB59.The __________ (历史的符号) convey meanings.60.The _______ can thrive in various climates.bustion reactions require fuel and ______.62.The colorful part of a flower that attracts bees is called a ______.63.We visit the ______ (文化村) to learn about traditions.64.The prairie dog lives in _________ (地下).65.The ________ was an important period in the history of human expression.66.I have a special drawer just for my favorite ________ (玩具名).67.What is 15 + 5?A. 20B. 21C. 22D. 23A68.The capital of the Cayman Islands is __________.69.I have a toy _______ that can jump high and far.70.I love spending holidays with my ____.71.My dog loves to play with a ______ (球) in the park.72. A parakeet can be blue or ______ (绿色).73.The cat is ___ (sleeping) on the couch.74.My sister loves to ________.75.The capital of Nepal is __________.76.I love to _____ (study) different plant species.77.I love to eat ___ (chocolate).78.What type of tree produces acorns?A. PineB. OakC. MapleD. BirchB79.The discovery of ________ has had extensive implications for health.80.The concept of carbon neutrality aims to balance carbon emissions with ______.81.The train goes _____ (fast/slow) on the tracks.82.He is very ___. (smart)83.The _____ (小鸟) finds food among the trees.84.What is 12 + 18?A. 28B. 30C. 32D. 3485.In a galvanic cell, chemical energy is converted into _____ energy.86.What is the opposite of "easy"?A. SimpleB. DifficultC. HardD. Tough87.The process of distillation is used to separate liquids based on their ______.88.What is the capital of the Dominican Republic?A. Santo DomingoB. SantiagoC. La RomanaD. Puerto PlataA Santo Domingo89.What do you wear on your feet?A. GlovesB. HatC. ShoesD. BeltC90.How many legs does a butterfly have?A. FourB. SixC. EightD. Ten91.I like to draw a picture of a ________.92.The _______ (The Vietnam War) left a lasting impact on US foreign policy.93. A _____ is made up of two or more different atoms bonded together.94.What is the main source of energy for the Earth?A. MoonB. SunC. StarsD. WindBva flows can create new ______ when they cool and harden.96.My cousin is a ______. She loves to create animations.97.During a chemical reaction, bonds between atoms _____ (break) and new bonds form.98.Ants work together in ______.99.ic sank on its maiden _______. (航行) The Tita100.__________ (科学社会) promotes collaboration and advancements in research.。
厦门2024年统编版小学4年级A卷英语第2单元测验试卷
厦门2024年统编版小学4年级英语第2单元测验试卷考试时间：80分钟（总分:110）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、听力题：A __________ is an area where land is pushed upward.2、What is the term for animals that only eat plants?A. CarnivoresB. OmnivoresC. HerbivoresD. Insectivores答案:C3、填空题：I love to go ______ (露营) in the summer.4、填空题：I saw a _______ in the tree (我在树上看到一只_______).5、听力题：The first space shuttle launch was in _______.6、听力题：The concept of clean energy emphasizes the importance of sustainable energy ______.7、填空题：The _____ (植物细胞) are unique to plants.8、What do you put on a salad?A. Ice creamB. DressingC. BreadD. Cake答案: BThe chemical formula for calcium phosphate is ______.10、What is the season after spring?A. WinterB. SummerC. FallD. Autumn答案:B11、What is the name of the event where you celebrate a child's achievements?A. GraduationB. PromotionC. CeremonyD. Reward答案: A12、填空题：I love to ______ (认识) new friends.13、填空题：A squirrel gathers _______ for the winter.14、听力题：The chemical symbol for fluorine is ______.15、填空题：The _____ (暴雨) can damage delicate plants.16、听力题：I like to ride my ___ (rollerblades).17、填空题：I saw a ______ in the pond.18、填空题：The ________ (旅游业) boosts the economy.19、What do you call the bright light produced by a firefly?A. GlowB. ShineC. SparkleD. Flicker答案：AThe _______ can be very delicate.21、What is the process of water changing into vapor called?A. EvaporationB. CondensationC. PrecipitationD. Sublimation答案:A22、听力题：The monkey is _____ (swinging/sitting) in the tree.23、What is the name of the famous tower in Paris?A. Leaning Tower of PisaB. Big BenC. Eiffel TowerD. Burj Khalifa答案:C. Eiffel Tower24、What is the capital of the USA?A. New YorkB. Washington D.C.C. Los AngelesD. Chicago答案:B25、填空题：The city of Rome is known for its ________ (古代遗址).26、填空题：I love to go _______ in the summer (我喜欢在夏天去_______).27、填空题：Understanding ______ (植被) can aid conservation efforts.28、Listen and tick.听录音，勾出每个人所喜欢的颜色。
桂林2024年09版小学三年级K卷英语第3单元寒假试卷(含答案)
桂林2024年09版小学三年级英语第3单元寒假试卷(含答案)考试时间：80分钟（总分:100）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、听力题：The chemical formula for -nonanol is ______.2、听力题：Earth is the ______ planet from the sun.3、填空题：The ancient civilization of ________ is known for its enduring legacies.4、What is the term for a baby pig?a. Pigletb. Calfc. Kidd. Lamb答案:a5、听力题：The name of the scientist who proposed the atomic theory is ______.6、填空题：A rabbit's diet consists mainly of ______ (胡萝卜).7、填空题：The __________ is a large grassland in North America. (大草原)8、听力题：A __________ is a geological feature that can serve as a natural resource.9、What is the color of the sky on a clear day?A. GreenB. BlueC. RedD. Yellow10、选择题：Which of these animals can fly?A. ElephantB. DogC. ParrotD. Frog11、What do we call a large body of fresh water?A. OceanB. SeaC. LakeD. River答案: C12、听力题：My friend is very ________.13、听力题：She is a great ________.14、填空题：The flowers are _______ (美丽的) in spring.15、选择题：What do you call a group of lions?A. PackB. PrideC. FlockD. Pod16、听力题：The capital of Armenia is __________.17、填空题：A _____ (草) grows in the field where cows graze.18、What is the name of the famous bear that is a symbol of the United States?A. Grizzly BearB. Teddy BearC. Polar BearD. Black Bear答案: B. Teddy Bear19、What is the name of the famous American explorer known for his journey to the West?A. Lewis and ClarkB. Christopher ColumbusC. Ponce de LeónD. Hernán Cortés答案:A20、What do we call the time it takes for the Earth to go around the sun?A. MonthB. DayC. YearD. Hour21、填空题：My brother’s name is ____.22、填空题：The _____ (生物多样性) keeps ecosystems healthy.23、听力题：A __________ is a fundamental building block of matter.24、What do we call the act of analyzing information?A. EvaluatingB. AssessingC. ReviewingD. All of the Above答案：D25、填空题：The __________ (文化差异) foster understanding.26、填空题：My sister loves to __________ (听音乐) while studying.27、What is the capital of Denmark?A. OsloB. CopenhagenC. StockholmD. Helsinki28、What is the opposite of clean?A. DirtyB. TidyC. NeatD. Pure答案:A29、听力题：Fossils can provide information about past ______ environments.30、听力题：My friend is a ______. He enjoys discussing philosophy.31、What is the chemical symbol for silver?A. SiB. AgC. AuD. Pb答案:B32、听力题：I can _____ my bike without training wheels. (ride)33、填空题：A ______ (猫) purrs when it is happy.34、听力题：The chemical symbol for rhenium is ______.35、听力题：A rocket launches by expelling gas in the opposite ______.36、填空题：A seahorse can change its color to blend in with ______ (环境).37、What is the main ingredient in guacamole?A. TomatoB. AvocadoC. PepperD. Onion38、听力题：The chemical symbol for iron is _____.39、What is the primary color of a zucchini?A. GreenB. YellowC. WhiteD. RedThe roots of a plant are found _____ (在下面).41、听力题：The girl loves to ________.42、What is the main function of roots in a plant?A. To produce flowersB. To absorb waterC. To make foodD. To support the stem答案: B43、填空题：The garden is full of colorful _______ that bloom.44、填空题：We visit the ______ (自然史博物馆) to learn about fossils.45、听力题：She is wearing a beautiful ___. (ring)46、填空题：Planting a variety of flowers can create a more colorful and ______ landscape. (种植多样的花卉可以创造出更丰富多彩的景观。
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a rXiv:h e p-la t/3139v113Oct231The Casimir Energy Paradox of the QCD String K.Jimmy Juge a ,Julius Kuti b ∗and Colin Morningstar c a Institute for Theoretical Physics,University of Bern,Sidlerstrasse 5,CH-3012Bern,Switzerland b University of California at San Diego,La Jolla,CA 92093,USA c Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA 15213,USA It is widely thought that the early onset of the asymptotic Casimir energy with unit conformal charge signals bosonic string formation of the confining flux connecting a static quark-antiquark pair in QCD.This is observed on a scale where most of the string eigenmodes do not exist and the few stable modes above the ground state are displaced.Hints for the resolution of this paradox are suggested.1.Puzzle in the QCD String Spectrum A new analysis of the fine structure in the QCD string spectrum was presented at Lattice 2002[1].Shortly afterwards,two papers were submitted for publication with focus on complementary as-pects of the same problem [1,2].Ref.[1]reported a comprehensive study of the QCD string spectrum as the quark–antiquark separation R was varied in the range 0.2fm <R <3.0fm (Fig.1).On the shortest length scale,the excitations were consistent withshort distance physics without string imprint in the spectrum.A crossover region below 2fm was identified with a dramatic rearrangement of the level orderings.On the largest length scale of 3fm,the spectrum exhibited string-like excitations with asymptotic π/R string gaps split by a fine structure.It is quite remarkable that the torelon spectrum,which is free of end effects,exhibits a similar fine structure,as reported for the first time at this conference [3].In a complementary study [2],the Casimir en-ergy and the related effective conformal charge,C eff(R)=−12R 3F ′(R)/(π(D −2)),were isolated where F(R)is the force between the static color sources and D is the space-time dimension of the gauge theory.With unparalleled accuracy,C eff(R)was determined for the gauge group20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9Figure 1.Short distance degeneracies and crossover in the QCD string spectrum from Ref.[1]where the notation is explained.The symbol LW indicates the R range of C eff(R)in Ref.[2].with the string tension σdetermined in high precision separate runs from the ground state of long torelons.The simulations in Fig.2are compared with the predictions of the Nambu-Goto (NG)string model and the analytic first term in the ¯h expansion of the equivalent Φ4field theory setting.The NG spectrum with fixed end boundary conditions in D dimensions was first calculated in Ref.[5]with the result E N =σR(1−D −2σR 2)13-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.100.1∆E /(N π/R)-1Figure 3.The energy gap ∆E above the ground state is plotted as ∆E /(N π/R)−1to show per-centage deviations from the asymptotic string level for N =1.Several Z(2)simulations with cyan,blue,red,and green points are combined with good scaling properties.The open circles represent D=3SU(2)results after readjusting the ratio of the string tension σto the glueball mass in Z(2).The black line is the full NG prediction,the dashed blue and green lines are 1–loop and two–loop NG approximations,repectively.does not assume string formation,accounts for the shape of the spectrum quite well.3.Simple Resonance ModelConsider a massive scalar field in one space and one time dimension interacting with an external source J(x)according to the La-grangian L =12M 2Φ2−J(x)Φ2.Thefield is confined between two opaque bar-riers represented by repulsive delta-function potentials J(x)=−12,energy leveles E n (L )(ver-tical coordinate)are shown in lattice units as a function of L (horizontal coordinate).The in-sert on the left shows the avoided level cross-ings at sharp resonance locations with the choice λ=10.On the right,with λ=0,all the reso-nances melted away into broad scattering states.bulk scattering state spectrum.Nevertheless,C eff=0.85is only 15percent offfrom the L =∞limit.A hidden mechanism on phase shifts might keep the conformal charge close to what it would be for a perfect massless string spectrum trapped inside.This work was supported by the U.S.DOE,Grant No.DE-FG03-97ER40546,the U.S.Na-tional Science Foundation under Award PHY-0099450and the European Community’s Human Potential Programme,HPRN-CT-2000-00145.REFERENCES 1.K.J.Juge,J.Kuti,and C.Morningstar,hep-lat/0207004,Phys.Rev.Lett.90,(2003)161601.2.M.L¨u scher and P.Weisz,JHEP 0207,(2002)049.3.K.J.Juge,J.Kuti, F.Maresca, C.Morn-ingstar,and M.Peardon,this Proceedings.4.M.Caselle,M.Hasenbusch,M.Panero,JHEP0301(2003)057.5.J.F.Arvis,Phys.Lett.127B ,(1983)106.。