血管通路护理操作流程

血管通路护理操作流程
英文回答：
Blood vessel access is a critical nursing procedure
that involves establishing a pathway to administer medications, fluids, or to collect blood samples. It is important for nurses to follow a standardized process to ensure patient safety and minimize the risk of complications. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to perform blood vessel access:
1. Gather necessary equipment: Before starting the procedure, gather all the required equipment, including gloves, antiseptic solution, sterile dressings, tourniquet, and the appropriate size of catheter or needle.
2. Prepare the patient: Introduce yourself to the patient and explain the procedure. Ensure the patient's comfort and privacy. Position the patient's arm or hand in a comfortable and accessible position.
3. Perform hand hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer to maintain proper hand hygiene.
4. Apply tourniquet: Apply a tourniquet a few inches above the intended puncture site to engorge the veins and make them more visible.
5. Select the appropriate site: Assess the patient's veins and select the most suitable site for the blood
vessel access. Common sites include the median cubital vein, cephalic vein, or basilic vein in the antecubital fossa.
6. Cleanse the site: Cleanse the selected site with an antiseptic solution, starting from the center and moving outward in a circular motion. Allow the solution to dry before proceeding.
7. Prepare the equipment: Assemble the catheter or needle, ensuring it is sterile and intact. Connect any necessary tubing or syringe to the device.
8. Stabilize the vein: Using your non-dominant hand, apply gentle pressure below the intended puncture site to stabilize the vein.
9. Insert the catheter or needle: With your dominant hand, hold the catheter or needle at a 15-30 degree angle and insert it into the vein with a smooth, swift motion. Look for a flashback of blood to confirm successful entry into the vein.
10. Secure the device: Once the catheter or needle is in place, release the tourniquet and secure the device with a sterile dressing or transparent dressing. Ensure proper fixation to prevent dislodgement.
11. Flush and connect: Flush the catheter or needle with a saline solution to ensure patency. Connect the appropriate tubing or syringe to administer medications or fluids as prescribed.
12. Document and monitor: Document the procedure in the
patient's medical record, including the date, time, site, and size of the catheter or needle. Monitor the patient for any signs of complications, such as infiltration or infection.
中文回答：
血管通路护理是一项关键的护理操作，涉及建立通路以便给患
者输液、注射药物或采集血样。

为了确保患者的安全并减少并发症
的风险，护士需要遵循标准化的流程。

以下是进行血管通路护理的
逐步指南：
1. 收集必要的设备，在开始操作之前，收集所有所需的设备，
包括手套、消毒溶液、无菌敷料、止血带和适当尺寸的导管或针头。

2. 准备患者，向患者介绍自己并解释操作的过程。

确保患者的
舒适和隐私。

将患者的手臂或手放置在舒适且易于操作的位置。

3. 手部卫生，彻底洗手或使用含酒精的洗手液保持良好的手部
卫生。

4. 使用止血带，在预定穿刺部位的上方几英寸处使用止血带，
以增加静脉充盈，使其更易于观察。

5. 选择适当的部位，评估患者的静脉并选择最适合的穿刺部位。

常见的部位包括前臂的中肘静脉、桡侧静脉或尺侧静脉。

6. 清洁穿刺部位，用消毒溶液清洁选定的部位，从中心向外以
圆周运动方式清洁。

等待溶液干燥后再继续操作。

7. 准备设备，组装导管或针头，确保其无菌且完好。

连接任何
必要的管道或注射器到设备上。

8. 稳定静脉，用非主导手在预定穿刺部位下方施加轻压以稳定
静脉。

9. 插入导管或针头，用主导手以15-30度角握住导管或针头，
以平稳、迅速的动作将其插入静脉。

观察有无血液回流以确认成功
进入静脉。

10. 固定设备，一旦导管或针头放置好，松开止血带并用无菌
敷料或透明敷料固定设备。

确保适当固定以防止脱位。

11. 冲洗和连接，用盐水冲洗导管或针头以确保通畅。

根据医
嘱连接适当的管道或注射器以输送药物或液体。

12. 记录和监测，将操作记录在患者的病历中，包括日期、时间、部位和导管或针头的尺寸。

监测患者是否出现任何并发症的迹象，如渗出或感染。