高二英语人教版选修八同步练习 Unit 1 A land of diversity

Unit 1 A land of diversity Learning about Language
一、汉译英
1.Recent developments__________(表明) that the mayor was in fact lying.
2.They cannot afford to let this chance__________(滑行) away.
3.You have to have your __________(行李) checked before boarding.
4.He’s studying the __________(发生) of accidents on this road.
5.He has twenty heads of__________(牛)on his farm.
二、短语填空
1.The university is __________a school in England for the research project.
2.When planting seedlings I prefer to __________the rows in advance.
3.This book is so difficult that I’m tired; I can’t __________what the author means.
4.It all happened __________years ago, so none of us can remember it.
5.You may __________tickets in person or by letter.
三、阅读理解
Americans have taken over from the Indians’ many things besides their continent! Where did corn, potatoes, tomatoes, chocolate and maple sugar come from? The Indians. Who invented moccasins, snowshoes and hammocks? The Indians!
A list of the tools, plants, materials, and designs we owe to the Indians would include hundreds of items. But there is something far more familiar, something that is always at hand. It is used daily by every American: a large vocabulary of Indian words.
Potato, tomato, chocolate, moccasin and hammock came into English from Indian languages. So did cocoa, tobacco, maize (an Indian word for corn) and succotash. Some words have changed on the way. Potato, for example, comes from a word that sounds like “batata”. Cocoa began as “cacahuatl”.
Some meanings have also changed. The long Indian word from which succotash comes means “something broken off in bits”. Indian women often varied their dishes by mixing bits of one food with another. White men who ate an Indian dish of mixed lima beans(青豆)and corn began using the Indian word to mean this particular mixture.
Put on your moccasins and take a walk in the country. If it is a cold day and you wear a mackinaw, your jacket will be as Indian as your shoes. But mackinaw came from “michilimackinac,” the Indian name of a place where a fort (集市) served as a trading post. Bright-colored blankets or jackets bought at the post soon became known as “mackinaws”.
Early white visitors to the continent found Indian words useful for the things new to them. But some Indian sounds, such as the “tl” at the end of many words, were hard to say. That is why “coyotl” became coyote and “tomatl” became tomato.
Some words simply seemed too long.So,“musickwautash” became succotash and “rockahominy” became hominy.
1.The first two paragraphs may serve as a(n) ________.
A.explanation
B.introduction
ment
D.background
2.Which of the following has been changed for easier pronunciation?
A.Batata.
B.Chocolate.
C.Tomatl.
D.Rockahominy.
3.People changed the word “coyotl” into “coyote” to ______.
A.differ from some American words
B.make it easy to say
C.make it easy to spell
D.create a new word
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.How Indian traditions affect us.
B.Why Indian words were changed.
C.Things we owe to the Indians.
D.Indian words all around us.
四、语法填空
California is the third ①___________(large) state in the USA and it also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the country. The first settlers ②___________ (arrive) in California crossed the BeringStrait in the Arctic to America. The native people suffered greatly after the arrival of the Europeans in the 16th century because their land was taken and most of them died from the diseases brought by these Europeans. In the 18th century, California ③___________ (rule) by Spain until 1821 when the people of Mexico gained their ④___________ (independent) from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. But after the war between the United States and Mexico, California was given to the USA.
In 1848, in California gold was discovered, ⑤___________ attracted people from all over the world to arrive there to achieve their dreams of ⑥___________ (become) rich. In fact, some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for ⑦___________ (they) in the new towns or on farms. In 1850,California became the 31st federal state of the USA ⑧___________ a multicultural society. Attracted by the climate and lifestyle, more and more people from different parts of the world have immigrated to California, Asians and Africans ⑨___________ (include). In the near future. California will become ⑩___________ mixture of many races and cultures without any distinct major racial or cultural groups.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：indicated
2.答案：slip
3.答案：luggage/bagage
4.答案：occurrence
5.答案：cattle
二、
答案：1.teaming up with; 2.mark out; 3.take in; 4.a great many; 5.apply for
三、
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1.文章结构题。

前两段通过介绍美国人从印第安人那里学到的事物引出了文章的话题——进入英语的印第安词语。

2.细节理解题。

倒数第二段介绍了因为发音难而改变的一些词语,并举例说明,故选C项。

3.推理判断题。

第六段第二、三句提到,因为“tl”不容易发音,因此单词coyotl演变为coyote,tomatl演变为tomato,由此可见,B项为正确答案。

4.主旨大意题。

本文介绍了很多进入英语的印第安词语,故选D。

四、
答案：1. largest2. to arrive3. was ruled4. independence5. which6. becoming7. themselves8. as9. included10. a
解析：
加利福尼亚州是美国的第三大州。

本文对其基本情况做出了简单的介绍。

1. largest考查形容词的最高级。

加利福尼亚州是美国的第三大州。

根据语境可知, 此处应用形容词的最高级形式。

2. to arrive 考查非谓语动词。

由空前的The first settlers可知,此处应用不定式做后置定语,故填to arrive。

3. was ruled 考査时态和语态。

根据语境, 这里描述的是发生在过去的事情,且表示被动,故填was ruled。

4. independence考査名词。

墨西哥在1821年脱离西班牙,获得独立。

由空前的gained可知,
此处应用名词做宾语,故填independence。

5. which考査定语从句。

根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,且指代前面整个主句的内容,故填which。

6. becoming考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知,该空位于介词of后,应用动名词, 故填becoming。

7. themselves 考查代词。

由语境可知,此处指他们自己。

故应填反身代词themselves。

8. as考査介词。

根据语境,这里是说“作为一个多元化社会”,应填as,意为“作为”。

9. include考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知,“Asians and Africans”与include是逻辑上的动宾关系,故填included。

10. a考査冠词。

加利福尼亚州将成为一个很多种族和文化的结合体。

a mixture of... “......的结合体”。