深圳新版七年级上 第三单元 Grammar 讲解及练习

Unit 3 The Earth
Section C
Grammar
I. 名词的数：
名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称。

名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词表示可以用数字进行计算的名词，不可数名词表示不能用数字进行计算的。

可数名词有单复数形式，若要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念，需使用名词的单数形式。

表示名词的单数时，要在名词前面加上冠词a或an.若要表示两个或两个以上的概念时，要用到名词的复数形式。

eg：My younger sister has a job in a store.我妹妹在商店工作。

She has two jobs. 她打两份工。

一．可数名词与不可数名词
可数名词不可数名词
个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词
表示单个人和事物。

表示一群人或一些事物
的名称。

表示物质或不具备形状
和大小的个体的物质。

表示动作、状态、品质
或其他抽象概念。

mother, flower, tree, bag people, police, family milk, rice, bread
English,water, money,
news, weather, love
注: 集体名词做主语时,谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数,如果强调整体用单数,强调个体
或成员,则
用复数.
eg：The police are searching for him.
The Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
二．名词复数形式变化：
1）规则变化
名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上"-s"或“-es"构成的，其复数的一半构成方法如下表：情况构成方法例词
一般情况在词尾加-s desk—desks
girl —girls
以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词在词尾加-es bus —buses
fish —fishes
以辅音字母加-y结尾的词变y为i再加-es family —families
part —parties
以元音字母加-y结尾的词在词尾加-s day —days
key —keys
以f 或fe 结尾的词变f 或fe为v再加-es knife —knives
wife —wives
以辅音字母加-o结尾的词在词尾加-es potato—potatoes
hero —heroes
以元音字母加-o结尾的词在词尾加-s radio —radios
zoo —zoos
注：1. 有些以f或fe结尾加-s，记住下面这首顺口溜，相信你就不会觉得难了。

妻子（wife）持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；
躲在架后(shelf)保己命(myself)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。

按：顺口溜中的粗体字是中学阶段学过的九个以—f(e)结尾的名词：wife(妻子)，knife(小刀)，wolf(狼)，thief(小偷)，shelf(架子)，self(自己)，life(生命)，half(一半)，leaf(树
叶)。

这九个词变复数时，都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。

由self构成的复合词，其变化
与myself相同(如：myself→ourselves；yourself→yourselves；himself，herselfitself
→themselves)。

2. 以o结尾的名词，中学阶段“两人两菜”
hero—heroes; Negro—Negroes; potato—potatoes; tomato—tomatoes
2）不规则变化
1. child—children 小孩; foot—feet 脚; tooth—teeth 牙齿; goose—geese 鹅;
mouse—mice 老鼠; man—men 男人; woman—women 女人
注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式同上。

eg：Englishman—Englishmen; Frenchman—frenchmen; 但German—Germans(不是合成词)
2. 单复数同形deer; sheep; fish; Chinese; Japanese
3. 有些名词只用复数形式：
clothes(衣服); pants(短裤；裤子); jeans(牛仔裤); shorts(短裤); glasses(眼镜); scissors(剪刀)这类词常
与a pair of ; two pairs of 这样的短语连用
4. 某些词虽以-s结尾，但仍为单数；
a. maths, politics, physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数；
b.news新闻为不可数名词；
c. the United States(the US); the United Nations(the UN)应视为单数;
三．不可数名词只有单数形式。

物质名词通常属于不可数名词。

如：
液体和气体：water; milk; air; 思想和感觉：beauty; love; hate
极小的物体：rice; salt; sand 学校科目：English; Maths; Art
四．一般现在时中，单数可数名词和不可数名词后要用动词的第三人称单数形式；可数名词复数后要用动
词原形。

eg：This orange comes from Germany.（可数名词单数）
This coffee comes from Germany. （不可数名词）
These oranges come from Germany. （可数名词复数）
五．不可数名词的量词
物质名词的数量，一般用单位或容器的量表示，即“单位＋of＋物质名词”的形式。

I had a bowl of soup and two cups of tea just now.我刚刚喝了一碗汤和两杯茶。

如a piece of; a bottle of ; a glass of ; two cups of
II. There be 句型与have（has; had）的各种形式的区别
一．there be 句型表示：
在某地有某物（或人）eg：There is a vase on the table.
1）在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ;
如有几件物品，be 动词根据最邻近be动词的那个名词决定, 即“就近一致”。

eg：There is a duck in the pond. There are some ducks in the pond.
There is a ball and some toys on the floor. There are some balls and a toy on the floor.
2）there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词提到句首。

在there be 句型的一般疑
问句中，如果可数名词的复数形式和不可数名词前没有别的修饰词，往往都要用any来修饰。

eg：There isn’t s a vase on the table. Is there a vase on the table?
--Is there a post office near here? --Yes, there is .
--Are there any students in the classroom? --No, there aren’t.
Are there any teachers from America in your school?
二．there be句型与have(has) 的区别：
1）there be表示在某地有某物（或人）；have (has)表示某人拥有某物。

eg：I have a lot of friends in the classroom.
There are a lot of students in the classroom.
2）some和any在there be 句型中的运用:
some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。

eg：There is some water in the glass.
There isn’t any water in the glass.
3）and和or在there be句型中的运用：
and 用于肯定句，or用于否定句。

eg：There isn’t a pen or two books on the desk.
4）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
How many + 名词复数+ are there + 介词短语？
How much + 不可数名词+ is there + 介词短语？
eg：--How many students are there in your school?
--There are about two hundred (students in our school).
5）针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What’s + 介词短语？
eg：There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree?
There are some bikes over there. →What’s over there?
There is a little girl in the ro om. →Who is in the room?
6）There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。

Exercise
一．写出下列名词的复数形式。

1. orange
2. class
3. text
4. monkey
5. piano
6. child
7. shelf
8.bed
9. country 10. family 11. toy 12. foot
13.Japanese 14. radio 15. photo 16. army
17. tomato 18. fox 19. woman 20. knife
二. 选择填空。

( )1. There on the wall. They are very beautiful.
A. are photos
B. are photos
C. is a photo
D. is photos
( )2. This kind of car made in Shanghai.
A. is B .are C .were D .has
( )3. There are four and two in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German D.Japanese, Germans ( )4. That’a art book.
A. an
B. a
C. the D are
( )5. The boys have got already.
A. two bread
B. two breads
C. two pieces of bread
D. two piece of bread ( )6. The old man wants .
A. six boxes of apples
B. six boxes of apple
C. six box of apples
D. six boxs of apples ( )7. There some in the river.
A. is, fish
B. are, fishs
C. is, fishs
D. are ,fish
( )8. There two in the box.
A. is watch
B. are watches
C. are watch
D. is watches ( )9. We should clean twice a day.
A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth
( )10.The meeting room is near the reading room.
A.teacher
B.teacher’s
C.teachers’
D.teachers
( )11. In Britain are all painted red.
A.letter boxes
B.letters boxes
C.letter box
D.letters box
三．There be句型练习。

( )1. There no tea in the cup．
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. be ( )2. There in the next room．
A. is Tom
B. are some boys
C. are they
D. is the boy ( )3. There is some on the plate．
A. apple
B. bread
C. banana
D. sandwich ( )4. There some paper and a pen on the desk．
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has ( )5. There a school at the foot of the hill．
A. have
B. stand
C. are
D. stands ( )6. There's going to in tomorrow's newspapers．
A. have something new
B. have new something
C. be something new
D. be new something
( )7. There is some milk in the bottle, ？
A. isn't there
B. aren't there
C. isn't it
D. are there ( )8. is there on the table？
A. How many apples
B. How much bread
C. How much breads
D. How many food
( )9. There are sixty minutes in hour．
A. an
B. the
C. a
D. ／( )10. There is old woman in the car．
A. ×
B. a
C. the
D. an
( )11. There's orange tree behind house．
A. n the
B. a;a
C. the;the
( )12. There is map in the classroom. map is on the wall．
A. A; A
B. The; The
C. A; The
D. The; A
( )13. There is “f”and “u” in the word “four”．
A. An; a
B. A; a
C. an; an
D. a; an
( )14. There not any water in the glass．
A. has
B. is
C. are
( )15. There a football match in our school this afternoon．
A. are going to have
B. is going to have
C. are going to be
D. is going to be
四．按要求变换句型（把1—7句变为复数句）。

1. This is my friend.
2.That is her brother.
3.This is my mother.
4.That is an eraser.
5.It is a red orange.
6.She is a teacher.
7. What’s this?
五．按要求改写句子。

1.There are twelve months in a year. （变一般疑问句）
twelve months in a year?
2.He has two balls under his bed. （用there be 句型改写）
under his bed.
3.There is some milk in the bottle. （改为否定句）
milk in the bottle.
4.There are 56 students in the classroom. （对划线部分提问）
students in the classroom?
5.There aren’t any apples on the table. （变肯定句）
apples on the table.。