重油发电机组安装施工组织设计

1 建筑方案Civil Construction Scheme
1.1 工程测量Project Survey
1.1.1 一级施工控制网的布置及施测Lay out & Survey for the First-class
Construction Control Net
根据业主提供测量成果资料，委托有专业资质的测绘单位，在测区内布设E级GPS 控制网作为厂区的一级施工控制网。

Based on the survey information provided by client, invite a professional company to do the work of survey. Setting Class-E GPS control net within the survey area, which is the first class control net for construction.
1.1.2 施工二级控制网布置及施测Lay out & Survey for the Second-class
Construction Control Net
为满足各厂房、主要构筑物的施工放线的需要以及提高邻近生产区轴线联结的精度，其布置根据一级控制成果及各厂房施工图和总平面图进行，二级网直接沿四周方格网边布置，方格网四周角点作为二级网的高一级控制，减少二级网轴线测量层次，并提高了二级网的测设精度。

二级网的控制边与方格网的边一并布设，便于定期作桩位复测和桩位位移后的点位修正，保证了相邻轴线的连接。

In order to meet the requirements of construction precision of all buildings, the lay out of the Second-class Construction Control Net will be set in accordance with the result of first-class and the General Lay Out drawings and the other building construction drawings; the second-class net will be arranged around the square corner net point. The net point will be the higher control point for the second-class net, then increase the precision of second-class surveys. The control line of second-class net will be set with the line of square grid together, so as to re-check and modify the control point, and assurance the connection of the centre line of the neighbor axial.
1) 沉降观测Settlement Observation
按设计要求及保证本期工程施工质量和以后机组安全运行，在施工期间必须进行沉降观测。

To guarantee the safety of operation and the quality of construction, settlement observation shall be done during the construction periods.
2) 主要建构筑物的施工定位放线Construction Locating Line for Buildings & House
各结构物的定位放线原则上用二级控制网点，根据施工现场情况和结构物对放线的精度要求，选用适当测量方法(如：极坐标法、坐标法、交会法等)进行，但必须要有一个以上的多余观测，以便检核。

Construction Locating Line for Buildings & House will adopt the second-class control net, the measure will select polar coordinate, coordinate, cross coordinate etc according to the precision of locating; however, one spare observation point shall be more set so as to re-check.
3) 测量文件Survey Document
将所有测量原始记录、成果形成文件，测量文件由测量组负责编制，质量部门审核。

All the first hand Survey data and records will be edited by survey team, and checked by Quality Department.
4) 桩位定期复测与保护Protection and Recheck of the Pile Locating
施工现场的平面控制网及高程控制网在基础桩大面积土方开挖后及时复测一次，施工期间做到每一个月复测一次，直至工程移交。

The control net of elevation level and height level shall be rechecked after the earth of foundation piles has been excavated; and the control net shall be rechecked once a month during the construction periods till the project turned over.
为加强对测量成果的管理，保证测量成果的合理利用，测量桩位点周围留出3米，作为安全控制范围，此范围内不准取土或堆放材料和设备，以保证视线畅通。

测量桩位点搭钢管围栏加以围护，并设立明显的测量标志和标记以确保在施工期间不被人为破坏。

So as to strength the management of the survey, to increase the usage of survey results, the measure locating point shall be remain 3 meter as a safety control area; Excavation and equipment storage within these area is forbidden so as to guarantee the sight view. The control locating point area shall be enclosure and marked to avoid damaging.
1.1.3 测量仪器Surveying Instrument
本工程配备的测量仪器(暂定)见下表：The surveying instruments equipped in this project are as bellows.
1.2 施工降排水措施Construction Measures for the Water Lowered
and Dewatering
1.2.1 排水措施Dewatering Measures
基础土石方开挖及基础施工时，常会遇到地下水和地表水大量渗入，造成基坑浸水，破坏边坡稳定，影响施工正常进行，因此基坑开挖时，应在坑内及坑周设排水沟，
做好坑内排水工作。

While excavating earth of foundation or constructing, great deal of underground water will come on, the foundation pit will full of water, the stability of the edge will be affected. When excavating the foundation pit, drainage ditch shall be located around the pit, so as to dewater.
1.2.2 井点(或深井)降水Well or Deep Well Unwatering
在主厂房区域、烟囱等较深基础开挖前，根据需要还应适当布设降水井点。

采用轻型或喷射井点降低地下水位至开挖基坑底以下0.5～1.0m，以防止土体滑动或出现流砂现象，确保基础施工时边坡的稳定。

井点布置根据基坑平面形状与大小地质和水文情况工程性质降水深度等而定。

Unwatering well points shall be located according to the site situation before the deep foundation of Main building, Boile r, Chimney Stack excavated. The depth of the light well or spraying well shall be 0.5~1 meter lower then the elevation of the foundation pit, to prevent edge from running sand or landslip and assure the stability of the foundation pit.
Construction procedures for the pipe of well points: Setting out→Main pipeline→Percaussion boring→Branch pipe and sand filter→Sealed with clay→Connect the branch pipe and main pipe→Insta ll dewatering pipe and drain pit→Start up suction pump→Start up centrifugal pump→Measure and observe elevation change of the underground water level.
井点使用时，应保持连续不断抽水，并配用双电源以防断电。

一般抽水3～5d后水位降落漏斗基本趋于稳定。

When the well points work, the unwatering shall be continuing, and spare electrical power shall be matched to avoid power off. Normally 3~5days later on the elevation of the underground water will be smooth.
基础和地下构筑物完成并回填后，方可拆除井点系统。

拔出可借助于倒链葫芦或杠杆式起重机，所留孔洞用砂或土堵塞。

The well points can be removed only after the foundation or underground building have been finished and backfilled. After the well pipes pulled by updown hoist or crane, the hole shall be sealed by sand or earth.
1.3 主厂房基础施工方案Construction Scheme for the Foundation of
Main Building and Boiler
主厂房钢架基础类似，上部结构均为钢结构，通过地脚螺栓与钢筋混凝土基础连结。

因此，其施工工艺及方法也基本相同。

The foundation of main building and boiler structural steel is the similar, the upper structure are all steel; the upper structure and reinforced concrete foundation
are connected by anchor bolts. Therefore, the construction schemes are almost the same.
1.3.1 工艺流程Construction procedures:
Excavation for foundation→bed course concrete→pile capping and beam→embedded bolts→foundation short column →backfill foundation pit→equipment foundation and ditch at zero elevation
1.3.2 钢筋施工Reinforcement Construction
本工程严格执行钢筋质量跟踪制度，钢筋进厂前须认真审核供应商的资质、信誉。

钢筋出厂合格证要齐全，并要抽样送检，合格后方可使用。

All the qualification and certificate of the steel bar materials supplier shall be checked before purchasing. This item shall carry out the quality follow-on system, for each lot steel, the certificate of manufacturer shall be complete, sample shall be checked; after materials sample test pass, it can be used at project.
钢筋加工下料统一在钢筋厂进行。

利用汽车运至现场，用吊机吊至施工部位边上，再人工搬运到基坑进行安装。

Φ22及以上钢筋采用机械连接，Φ22以下钢筋采用搭接。

All parts shall be fabricated at steel bar factory, then transport to construction site by truck, then lift it at the construction area by crane, then move it by hand, for the diameter of steel barΦ22 or above will connected by machine, for the diameter of steel bar belowΦ22 will connected by bond.
钢筋排放前先在垫层面上放出基础和柱子的边线和中线，画出钢筋间距标识，按标识布置上下排钢筋，等周边模板安装加固后，搭钢筋排架，插柱子钢筋，利用钢管排架固定柱子钢筋。

钢筋安装前应校核垫层标高，钢筋安装时安装固定好保护层垫块，分清纵横钢筋的上下位置。

Mark the distance line of steel bar and centre line of column, locating the bottom and upper bar; after the form installed, set up the bent frame, insert the steel bar of column, fixed the steel bar by pipe frame, the elevation of bed course shall be rechecked prior to steel bar installed. Protect the fixed shim while bonding the steel bar; determine the position of the different direction bar.
受拉钢筋绑扎接头的搭接长度应满足国家《混凝土结构工程施工及验收规范》(GB50204—2002)及其他有关标准。

For the bond length of connection tensile steel bar, it shall be constructed in accordance with the national standards or code “Code of the Inspection and construction for concrete structure engineering” (GB50204-2002).
1.3.3 模板施工Form Construction
模板采用18mm厚双面酚醛覆膜木胶合板。

按结构体型尺寸，由施工员画出模板加工图，在现场进行拼装。

基础模板的体形比较大，应尽量少裁剪，以保护胶合板，增加周转的次数；柱子和地梁模板加工须有准确具体的下料图。

Form works will adopt plywood which is 18mm thickness. The technicians shall draw the assembly size of form based on the construction drawings. It will be assembled at site. To protect the plywood and increase the usage, the form works of foundation should be cut less, For the form assemble works, a detailed materials drawing shall be drawn.
基础侧模模板根据具体情况进行组合，用长钢管作横档， 用短钢管作立档，以双头螺栓对拉加固，并以钢管在外壁支顶以保证稳定性。

模板上预先开好规则小孔用以穿拉螺栓，螺栓用3形扣件上紧。

如下图示：
The lateral form of foundation shall be assembled based on the detailed situation, strength both parts with stud bolt, support the form wall outside to guarantee the stability. The pre-hole shall be drilled over the plywood so as to fit the bolts. Bolt will be fasten by 3 sharp fastener. For the details, please refer to the drawing: 基础钢管立档
竹木夹板主厂房基础模板加固示意图
短钢管立档
长钢管横档
φ12对拉螺杆
3形扣件
基础
1.3.4 地脚螺栓的安装施工Installation of Anchor Bolts
地脚螺栓的安装采用独立钢架加固。

在浇筑螺栓脚底部基础混凝土时，在混凝土面上四个角预埋四块T1515埋件，安装螺栓时，在埋件上焊L75×5的等边角钢作为立柱，立柱上焊上同样的角钢作横梁；事先用轻型［8槽钢按螺栓的相对距离开孔，孔径比螺栓略大1～2mm ，轻型槽钢调整好孔位后焊在横梁上，螺栓穿过槽钢上事先开的孔，调整准确后用螺母上下夹紧。

螺栓底部利用槽钢冲孔紧固在支架上。

参见下图：地脚螺栓埋设图。

The installation of anchor bolts will adopt a separate steel frame to fix. Four pieces T1515 shall be embedded at the four corner of the bed course concrete surface, while installing, weld L75*5 angle steel over the embedded piece as support column, then weld the same size angle steel at the support column as cross beam. Use 8 channel steel as a fixed steel, drill some holes over the channel steel, the diameter is 1~2mm larger size then the bolt size. Adjust and fix the bolts. For the details, please refer to the embedded drawings.
直埋螺栓
固定螺栓槽钢[8
角钢L75X5
槽钢[8
角钢L50X5
埋件
地脚螺栓埋设示意图
螺栓定位测量的仪器使用前要进行重新校准。

地脚螺栓定位测量时，先以主厂房或炉架纵横中心线为基线放出各基础轴线于螺栓架横梁上，以每个基础上轴线来定位螺栓中心位置，标高的控制要使用同一水准点。

The instrument for the locating measure shall be calibrated prior to the operation. The measure of anchor bolts locating shall refer to the centre line of main building or the boiler frame, which is the base axial over the cross beam, the centre position of bolts shall be determined by the base axial. The elevation shall be controlled by the same theodoliite point.
混凝土振捣时，严禁振动棒直接接触螺栓和模板。

When the concrete is vibrated, the vibrating needle is forbidden to touch the bolts and the form.
1.3.5 混凝土施工Construction of Concrete
混凝土的配合比统一由试验室根据混凝土的强度等级，结合现场气温、施工部位、浇筑方式、运输距离及砂石料含水率等各种因素的影响而进行设计。

混凝土浇筑过程中，试验室按规定到现场取试件进行28天抗压强度试验，对混凝土质量进行严格的控
制。

Mixture ratio of concrete will be matched by test room based on the strength of concrete, site temperature, construction position, poring, transportation, moisture content ratio. While pouring the concrete, the sample shall be fetched at site by Test Room, the 28 days compressive strength for the sample shall be done, and quality of concrete shall be strict controlled.
混凝土的浇筑和捣实是使混凝土获得良好的密实度的关键工序。

浇筑柱子时，先在柱子底部铺一层与混凝土组分相同的去石砂浆作为结合层，可以避免柱子施工缝处产生蜂窝麻面现象。

混凝土要分层浇筑，每层浇筑厚度约为振动棒作用部分长度的1.25倍，不可连续卸料太多；边下料边振捣，连续作业浇灌到顶，中间不留施工缝。

拆模时要注意保护柱面及棱角不受损坏，拆模后，浇水养护，并用塑料薄膜及麻袋覆盖，实行保水养护。

Pouring and rodding is one of key sequence to a nice density concrete; a primer cement mortar shall be laid at the bottom prior to pouring the column, so as to avoid the voids and pits. The concrete shall be poured layer by layer，each layer of pouring shall be 1.25 times length as the vibrating needle. While unloading the concrete, pouring at the same time. Construction joint will not remain at the middle of column. Removing the form, take care of the surface and the edge. After remove the form, curing with water, cover by gunny-bag.
使用插入式振动器时，遵循“快插慢拔”的原则，使振动棒自然垂直地沉入混凝土中。

为使上下层混凝土结合成整体，振动棒应插入下一层混凝土中3～5cm。

振动棒要上下抽动，以保证上下部分的混凝土振捣均匀。

棒的尾部要露出1/3～1/4，软轴部分不要插入混凝土中。

振动棒应插点均匀，不要忽远忽近，一般不超过振动棒有效作用半径的1.5倍。

但是最边缘插点距离模板不应大于有效作用半径的二分之一。

振动棒在各插点的振动时间，以见到混凝土表面基本平坦，泛出水泥浆，混凝土不再显著下沉，直至无气泡排出为止。

振动时尽量避免撞及钢筋、埋件和模板。

Using insert vibrating needle shall follow the rule of “Fast Insert, Slow Pull”; vibrating needle shall fall into concrete vertically. To combinate the upper and bottom concrete well, the vibrating needle shall be 3~5cm deep to the layer concrete. It shall be twitched up and down, so as to assure the concrete uniform. The end of vibrating needle shall be remain 1/3~1/4, the soft portion shall not be into the concrete, the insert points shall be uniform, and shall not over 1.5 times effective radius. The vibrating shall last till no bubble or air bubble from concrete. Try to avoid touch the steel bar, embedded and forms while vibrating concrete.
有台阶基础浇筑混凝土时，上下台阶不应一次浇到顶。

先浇筑下级台阶，待混凝土初凝前，再依次浇筑上级台阶，以防止柱子混凝土从柱脚冒出，形成蜂窝或麻面。

The concrete shall not be poured from bottom to the upper one time when casting the foundation of step; pouring the bottom step first, and then pouring the upper steps prior to pre-setting so as to avoid voids and pits.
侧模的拆除前应给混凝土强度发展有足够的时间，防止拆模过早碰坏混凝土棱角。

在施工缝处浇筑混凝土以前，要对施工缝表面垃圾水泥薄膜松动砂石等进行清除，并进行凿毛处理。

凿毛以混凝土表面露出石头深浅不一为准。

但靠模板的外边一圈宜处理成水平线，以免柱表面呈现犬牙交错现象。

Concrete shall be cured enough time to assure the strength before removal form, to avoid toughing the edge of concrete. Clean the surface of joints and make it roughness prior to pouring the construction joints; the outside joints shall be dealt with a horizontal line.
混凝土采用冲水自然养护。

浇水养护日期不少于14天(使用普通水泥时)。

浇水次数以能保证混凝土具有足够的湿润状态为标准。

Concrete will adopt with natural-cure by spray water, the date of natural-cure shall not less then 14days (normal cement), the cure times shall guarantee the wet-status of concrete.
1.3.6 预埋件工程Embedded Parts Items
预埋件的焊接主要以T型贴角焊为主，锚筋为φ25及以上时采用穿孔塞焊，焊接和装配时，注意接头焊接要避免烧伤主筋和咬边。

The welding of embedded parts are mainly T sharp fillet weld, the main steel diameter φ25 or above shall be welded in plug welding; Take care of the welding joints to avoid damage the main steel bar and lock seam .
预埋件锚筋接头的检查，从同一台班内完成的同一类型预埋件中抽查10%，且不少于10件。

Inspection of joints of the embedded steel bar, 10% of the same embedded parts shall be sampling inspection, and shall not be less then 10 pieces .
当进行力学性能试验时，以300件同类型预埋件作为一批，一周内连续焊接时，可以累计计算，当不足300件时，亦将按一批计算。

300 pieces of the same type embedded parts can be treated as one lot when the mechanics test goes on, the numbers can be calculated sum if the welding is done within one week. If the total parts are less then 300 pieces, it should be also calculated as one lot.
1.4 大体积混凝土施工方案Construction Scheme for Large-size
Concrete
根据初步设计资料及施工经验可知，本工程柴油发电机基础底板、烟囱基础承台等为大体积混凝土结构。

施工时需按大体积混凝土施工工艺进行施工和控制。

According to the basic engineering and construction experiences, the foundation plate of Turbine generator, foundation of Chimney Stack, foundation of ash storage will be large-size concrete structure; it should be controlled and constructed in accordance with the requirements of Large-size concrete strictly.
1.4.1 施工顺序Construction Procedures
Foundation pit inspection→bed course concrete→install frame for steel bar→set up bent frame→bond steel bar→fix form→install temperature test pipe →pouring concrete→curing concrete→temperature test
1.4.2 主要分项工程施工方法Main Subdivision works
1.4.
2.1 垫层砼施工Construction of bed course concrete
基础的开挖已完成，基坑开挖验收合格后即可砌砖模浇筑垫层砼，垫层砼比基础宽500mm。

局部应注意控制垫层的标高和表面平整度，尤其是模板安装位置周围要严格控制，同时在浇筑完砼后，在垫层外边预埋短钢筋头作为模板加固用，间距400mm，钢筋头离模板边250mm。

垫层砼由中间向两侧按30mm高差放斜坡，以利大体积砼泌水能顺垫层坡度排放。

After the excavation of foundation, inspection of the foundation pits, the brick form can be done to pour the bed course concrete; the bed course should be 500mm wider then foundation; only some small bed course such as circulation pits is the same wide; the level and smooth degree of the concrete surface shall be controlled, especially the position for setting forms shall be controlled strictly. The pre-remain exposed steel bar of bed course, whose distance is 400mm can be the supporting to the form, the exposed steel bar shall be 250mm far from the form, 30 mm elevation difference shall be set from the middle of bed course to both side , so as to guarantee the dewatering smoothly.
1.4.
2.2 模板工程Form Construction
1) 排架搭设Pipe frame works
建构物和设备基础模板安装前在四周用竹子搭设排架，排架纵向间距600mm，横向间距500mm，排架作业面用竹走道板满铺，走道板面比模板约高300mm。

Fixed pipe frame prior to install the form for turbine foundation, the longitudinal distance of the pipe frame is 1800mm, and the transverse distance of the pipe frame is 1050mm, the working access is setting of bamboo or steel footpath, the elevation of footpath is 300mm higher then form elevation.
2) 投点放线Measurement & Setting out
用全站仪引测汽机的轴线，并以该轴线为起点，引出其他各条轴线，然后根据施工图用墨线弹出模板的内边线以便于模板的安装。

Setting out the axial of the turbine by a high precision Theodoliite, determine the other axial based on this reference, marked the other outside line to install the form.
3) 找平Leveling
模板承垫底部应预先找平，以保证模板位置正确，防止模板底部漏浆。

常用的找平方法是沿模板内边线用1:3 水泥砂浆抹找平层或模板粘贴海绵条。

The surface of bed course shall be leveling prior to install the form, so as to assure the right position of form and avoid mortar leakage. The normal leveling way
is 1:3 motor drawn over the surface touched the form.
4) 模板的安装Installation of form:
柴油发电基础模板采用木夹板，模板加固采用方钢紧贴模板，外侧用对拉螺丝对拉加固。

Plywood will be adopt for the turbine support pier, form will be fixed by square steel, stud bolt will be used to strength the steel,
模板的安装必须牢固，拼缝严密，尺寸准确，以保证砼的质量和体形尺寸，为防止模板接缝处漏浆，模板与模板接缝处均粘贴双面胶。

Installation of form shall be fixed, sealed and precision so as to assure the quality and size of concrete; to avoid mortar leakage at the joints, the joints between the forms will be sealed by double-pastem.
5) 模板拆除Removal form
大体积砼模板的拆除不宜过早，模板的拆除控制在浇砼14天后拆除；拆模时禁止猛砸狠敲，防止碰坏混凝土，拆除的模板须及时将模板表面清理干净并归类叠放，确保文明施工。

模板拆除后砼侧面继续覆盖麻袋进行养护。

The form of large-size concrete shall not be removed earlier, it should be removed after 14days of pouring, to avoid damaging the concrete, strong power or crash is forbidden when removing the form, the removed form shall be cleaned and stored layer by layer. After remove form, the concrete side surface shall be cured by gunny-bag.
1.4.
2.3 钢筋工程Reinforced works
1) 钢筋进场Steel bar enter the site
对钢筋应进行外观检查验收，并按现行国家标准和有关施工规范规定抽样作力学性能试验，合格材料方可使用于工程。

View point inspection shall be carried out to steel bar, and sampling shall be mechanical tested in accordance with the present national regulations and code of inspection for construction, Only the materials which has past the test can be used in this project.
2) 钢筋加工Processing steel bar
钢筋均在施工现场制作，现场设立钢筋加工棚，设立原材料及成品钢筋堆场，各种构件的钢筋在施工前均由工程技术人员按图纸要求作出下料表。

各种成品钢筋必须严格做到按规格堆放整齐，并挂牌标识，以便于识别和运输。

All steel bar will be processed at construction site, the processing shed will set at site; raw materials and finished materials shall be stored separately; all the parts of steel bar shall be cut based on the bill of materials edited by engineer strictly; all the finished steel bar shall be marked and storied well so as to easy to identify and transport.
3) 钢筋的安装Installation of steel bar
钢筋接头采用直螺纹接头，接头留设在规范允许的区域且接头位置错开50％，并
按规定抽取接头试样进行试验。

合格后方可进行下道工序施工。

The joints of the steel bar will adopt screw-threaded steel; the pre length of joints shall be set at the permitted area and should be 50% staggered. The joints sampling shall be tested based on the regulation, after past the test, the following sequence can be done.
钢筋绑扎时按设计要求在垫层上划定位线排放纵、横向钢筋，基础四周两根钢筋交叉点每点绑扎，中间部分每隔一根呈梅花绑牢。

钢筋架安装完成后逐层绑扎基础钢筋。

Marking the cross and horizontal line over the bed course prior to bonding the steel bar, all the cross points of the foundation circle shall be bonded, the middle parts shall be bonded in other way; Bond the foundation steel bar step by step after the steel pipe frame finished.
钢筋的保护层按图纸要求留设，用与砼同配合比的砂浆按保护层厚度提前制作保护层垫块。

保护层厚度：基础底板底面：100mm，基础侧面及顶面：70mm。

The protection layer shall be remained in accordance with the requirements of drawings, the brick of the same degree ratio mortar shall be made prior to pouring; the thickness of protection layer: the bottom of foundation plate 100 mm, side and top of foundation 70mm; column of turbine generator: 35mm; support pier of turbine generator 35mm.
1.4.
2.4 柴油发电机大体积混凝土施工措施Construction Measures of Large-size
Concrete of Turbine Generator Plate
根据施工规范和类似工程经验，柴油机大体积混凝土基础内表温差允许值为25℃。

根据该允许温差进行计算分析，在施工中，采取如下的温控措施：
According to the construction regulation and the experience of similar projects, the allowable temperature difference between the surface and inner is 25℃. Based on the analyst and calculation of the allowable temperature difference, the following measures for temperature control shall be done during construction:
1) 合理的材料选择Choice of Reasonable Materials:
优化混凝土配合比设计，在混凝土泵送允许的情况下，尽可能增大石子粒径，掺用合适的外加剂，以降低水泥用量，减少水化热和延缓水化热释放。

In the case of the pump size allowable, choose a larger size crusher based on the priority of the concrete ratio, to reduce the quantity of cement, and reduce hydration heat, postpone the release of heat.
2) 施工过程控制Construction Process Control
混凝土浇筑严格按分层按阶梯进行，这样有利于散热，防止浮浆及泌水，施工人员在施工中，随时监测混凝土的入仓温度，在混凝土浇筑前进行入仓温度试
验，保证混凝土浇筑温度不超过30℃。

To release the heat easy, the concrete shall be poured in layer step by step,
technician should control the temperature of inner concrete on time and
record the data, the pouring temperature should not be exceeded 30℃.
混凝土表面初凝前采用三次抹面刮平的方法以防止早期混凝土表面收缩裂缝的产生。

初步按标高用长尺刮平，初凝前用铁滚筒碾压数遍，再用木蟹打磨压实，以闭合收水裂缝，约12h后，覆盖薄膜和麻袋充分浇水湿润养护。

To prevent the crack over the surface, three times leveling shall be done prior to the initial setting of concrete.Strickle primary by long ruler, roll by steel
roller times before initial setting, press solid by wood so as to close the crack;
12 hours later on, cover with membrane and gunny-bag and cured by spray
water.
混凝土表面盖一层薄膜加二层麻袋保温并洒水养护从而降低内外温差，以保证混凝土内外温度差不超过25℃。

To assure that the temperature difference not exceed 25℃, the surface of
concrete shall be covered one layer membrane and two layer gunny-bag and cured by water so as to reduce the temperature difference.
加强混凝土的养护工作。

养护是大体积混凝土施工中一项十分关键的工作，可采用先一层塑料薄膜后二层麻袋草包做保温保湿养护。

结构侧面可在模板外侧用二层麻袋养护。

根据工程情况，应尽可能多养护一段时间(一般应不少于15
天)，拆模后应立即回填土或再用麻袋覆盖保护。

Strengthen the curing of concrete: Curing is a very important procedure in
the construction of Large-size concrete, the surface of concrete can be
covered one layer membrane and two layer gunny-bag and cured insulation
and wet by water; the side surface of structure can be cured by two layer
gunny-bag at outside of form. According to the site situation, normally the
curing date shall not less then 15 days; after remove the form,Backfill and
curing by gunny-bag should be done immediately.
3) 混凝土的测温技术Temperature Measure for Concrete
在底板基础内设18组测温探头，每组在基础的上、中、下部位各设一个探头，采用电子测温仪进行混凝土内外温度测量，以掌握各部位温度值。

专人定时进行测量，并作好记录。

如发现温差超过25℃及时采取保温措施。

Set up 18 groups of sensors at the inner of foundation plate, each group set three sensors at upper, middle, bottom of the parts on the foundation. Monitoring inner and out temperature by electrical instrument. A professional should measure and monitor the data, and make records, if the temperature difference exceeds 25℃,
a insulation measures should be taken.
4) 混凝土生产Production of Concrete
混凝土生产要保持连续进行，最低产量要保证每小时35m3。

如出现故障可启动备用站。

The production of concrete shall be continuously, the min. production shall be 35m3Per hour. If something is failure at machine, the spare machine can be run.
5) 砼浇筑Pouring of Concrete
柴油发电机底板浇筑，均由一端向另一端不间断地推进。

根据泵送大体积混凝土的特点，底板分两个浇筑带，每个浇筑带为8m～8.25m，每个浇筑带由一台泵车负责，采用“分段分层、由东向西，一次浇筑、一个坡度，薄层覆盖，循序推进，一次到顶”的方法。

The pouring of turbine bottom plate shall be pushed from one end to another. According to the characteristic of Large-size pump concrete, the plate can be divided into two strips, each strips are about 8~8.25m, one strip should be constructed by one concrete pump truck, the methods are” Layer by Layer, section by section, east to west, pouring once, one gradient, folium cover, proper sequence, one time finish”
这种自然流淌形成斜坡混凝土的方法，能较好地适应泵送工艺，避免混凝土输送管道经常拆除、冲洗和接长，从而提高泵送效率，简化混凝土的泌水处理，保证上下层混凝土浇筑间隔不超过初凝时间。

In this kind way of construction, the slope concrete can be easy seasoned with the pump process, It is not necessary to remove and flush and lengthen the pipe of pump often, so as to increase the efficiency of pump, reduce the bleeding treatment of concrete. In this method, the time difference of pouring will not exceed the initial setting.
砼振捣Vibration of Concrete
在每个浇筑带的前后布置两道振动器，第一道布置在混凝土出料口，主要解决上部混凝土的振实；第二道布置在混凝土坡脚处，以确保下部混凝土密实。

随着浇筑的推进，振动器也相应跟上，以确保整个高度上混凝土的质量。

Two vibrating needles should be located at each casting strips, the first needles are set at the concrete outlet, main are for vibrating the upper portion, the other needles are set at the foot of bottom to assure the density; while the pouring goes on, the vibrating follows on so as to assure the quality of concrete
使用插入式振动器应快插慢拔。

插点要均匀排列，逐点移动，按顺序进行，才不会出现遗漏，做到均匀振实。

移动间距不大于振动棒作用半径的1.5倍(一般为300--400 mm)。

振捣上一层时将振动棒插入下层混凝土面50mm，以消除两层间的接缝。

Using insert vibrating needle shall follow the rule of “Fast Insert, Slow Pull”, insert points shall be uniformity so as to avoid missing vibration. The moving space of insert points shall not exceed 1.5 times effective radius (Normally 300~400mm). When vibrating the upper concrete, the depth of insert shall be 50mm more than the surface of the bottom so as to clean up the joints.
砼泌水处理Treatment of Concrete Bleeding
大体积砼在浇筑振捣过程中，产生的泌水和浮浆顺砼坡面下流到底板底，由于在垫层施工时，已预先在垫层上作出30mm的坡度，泌水能顺垫层和砼浇筑向前推进均由模板底部预留孔排出，当砼浇筑至6轴顶端时，改变砼的浇筑方向，即从顶端往回。