人教版高中英语选修八unit5-词汇讲解
高中英语人教版选修八U5单词讲解
Unit 5△identify vt. 确认；识别；鉴别alternative n. 可能的选择adj. 供选择的；其他的have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择an alternative to... ……的替代品△archaeology n. 考古学(<美>archeology)△archaeological adj. 考古学的；与考古学有关的(<美>archeological)△archaeologist n. 考古学家(<美>archeologist) starvation n. 挨饿；饿死starve v.饿死tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的accuracy n. 精确；准确accurate adj. 精确的；准确的△excavate vt. 挖掘；发掘△excavation n. 挖掘；发掘interrupt vt. & vi. 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.) (因某事)打断某人/某事interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的assume vt. 假定；设想(1)assume sb./sth. to_be 假定/假设某人/某事为……It is assumed that... ……被认为……(2)assumption n. 假定；假设make an assumption 认为；假定(3)assuming/supposing (that)．.. 假设/假定……regardless adv. 不管；不顾in spite of＝despite 不顾；虽然；尽管……regard v.将…认为;看待n.关心;致意，问候best regards to sb. 向某人表达祝愿as regards＝regarding＝in/with regard to 关于；至于regard...as... 把……看作……mat n. 席子；垫子quilt n. 被子；棉被beast n. 野兽at most 至多；最多at least 至少centimetre n. 厘米(<美>centimeter) sharpen vi. & vt. （使）锋利；尖锐；清晰sharpener n. 磨具；削具cut up 切碎cut down 减少；砍倒cut off 切断（气、电、水等）；隔断cut in 插嘴；打断别人cut across 走近路；取捷径cut out 剪下；割掉△scrape vt. 擦净；削平；磨光△scraper n. 刮刀；刮削器ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的messy adj. 凌乱的；脏的mess n.脏乱；杂乱；不整洁in a mess 杂乱；一团糟primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的△bead n. 小珠子；滴botany n. 植物学botanical adj. 植物学的；与植物学有关的analysis n. 分析复数形式analysesanalyze v.分析seashell n. 海贝壳ripen vt. & vi. 使……成熟；成熟category n. 种类；类别；范畴significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义(1)be of (great/no/little) significance to... 对……(很/不/不太重要) attach (great) significance to 认为……重要(2)significant adj. 重要的；明显的be of significance＝be significant 重要；有意义常见“be＋of＋抽象名词”的短语：①be of significance＝be significant②be of importance＝be important③be of value＝be valuable④be of help＝be helpful⑤be of use＝be usefulsomehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地systematic adj. 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的spit vt. (spat, spit; spat, spit) 吐出（唾液、食物等）vi.吐痰delete vt. 删；删除album n. 相册；集邮册；唱片scratch n. （刮、抓、划的）痕迹；搔；挠vt. 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏academy n. 学院；学会；学术团体；院校receptionist n. 接待员；招待员onion n. 洋葱kindergarten n. 幼儿园skateboard n. 滑板fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦yogurt n. 酸乳酷；酸奶radioactive adj. 放射性的；有辐射能的radioactivity n. 放射性division n. 分割；划分；分配；分界线BC 公元前melon n. （各种）瓜wrinkle n. 皱纹pulse vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动n.脉搏；节拍△vein n. 血管；静脉applaud vi. & vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏applause n.鼓掌；喝彩look ahead 向前看；为将来打算howl vt. & vi. 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫accelerate vi. & vt. 加速；促进acceleration n.加速spear n. 矛；枪arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引n.逮捕；拘留dizzy adj. 晕眩的；昏乱的；使人发晕或困惑的△eyebrow n. 眉毛△cheekbone n. 颧骨△arrowhead n. 箭头△axe n. 斧；斧子hammer n. 铁锤；锤子gay adj. 快乐的；欢快的gaily adv. 快乐地；轻松地skilful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的(<.美>skillful)date back 追溯到……date back to＝date from 追溯到；始于(无进行时态，无被动语态) up to date 时髦的out of date 过时的punctuation n. 标点符号△worship vt. & vi. 崇拜；敬奉n.崇拜；敬神△craftsmanship n. 技艺；手艺；精工细作。
选修8-unit5-重点单词和短语PPT演示课件
that the plan succeeds. （3）His actions were based on a false
assumption (一个错误的设想).
•11
4. regardless of 不管；不顾；不注意
① regardless : adv.
We objected to the plan , but they carried it out
regardless .
② I shall go regardless of the weather.
He is regardless of his appearance.
She was very sad.
A．Somewhat
B．Somehow
C．Anyhow
D．Anyway
•20
7. fed up with 受够了；厌烦
I’m fed up with waiting for her. You look fed up. What’s the matter?
I am fed up with his being as vain as a peacock.
before hearing the evidence against him.
＝You _a_s_s_u_m__e_t_h_a_t_ he is innocent before hearing
the evidence against him. 在听到对他不利的证言前，你假定他是无罪的。
•10
即学即用 （1）Assuming that he’s still alive (假定
人教版高中英语选修8 unit5-单词(共26张PPT)
botanical adj. 植物学的
botanist n. 植物学家
analyze v.分析
Analysis n. 分析
analyses n. 分析
Tongue twister
➢ She sells seashells on the seashore. The seashells she sells are seashore seashells.
Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
------words and expressions
identify vt. 确认, 识别, 鉴别
1) identify sb/sth (as sb/ sth) 确认是… e.g. She was able to identify her attacker.
agreement to meet on Friday.
To we
get an _ac_c_u_r_a_te_ member, must measure a_c_c_u_r_at_e_ly_.
➢
There is an acute shortage of water. (严重的)
interrupt vt. & vi. 打断…讲话；暂时中断或中止
look down (on/upon sth.) 轻视 look up and down 上下打量
look after 照顾，照料
amply
adv. 充足地
His efforts has been amply
rewarded.
2 messy adj. 凌乱的
2 chaotic adj. 混乱的
2 mess n. 杂乱（可数名词）
➢ What a mess! ➢ My room is a real mess
高中英语选修8Unit5知识点
高中英语选修8Unit5知识点英语选修课程开发是我国新一轮英语基础教育课程改革的一个重点。
接下来店铺为你整理了高中英语选修8Unit5知识点，一起来看看吧。
高中英语选修8Unit5知识点：重点单词1.alternative n. 可能的选择 adj.供选择的;其他的2.starvation n.挨饿;饿死→starve vi.挨饿;饿死3.accuracy n.精确;准确→accurate adj.准确的;精确的4.interrupt vt. & vi.打断……讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止5.assume vt.假定;设想6.sharpen vi. & vt.(使)锋利;尖锐;清晰→sharpener n.磨具;削具7.messy adj.凌乱的;脏的→mess n.凌乱，脏8.botany n.植物学→botanical adj.植物学的，与植物学有关的9.analysis n.分析→analyses pl.→analyse vt.分析→analy st n.分析者，化验员→analytic(al)adj.分析的，解析的10.category n.种类;类别;范畴11.significance n.意义;意思;重要性，重要意义12.delete vt.删;删除13.somehow adv.以……方式;不知怎么地14.academy n.学院;学会;学术团体;院校15.applaud vi. & vt.鼓掌欢迎;赞赏→applause n.鼓掌16.accelerate vi. & vt.加速;促进17.arrest vt.逮捕;吸引 n.逮捕;拘留18.dizzy adj.晕眩的;昏乱的;使人发晕或困惑的高中英语选修8Unit5知识点：重点短语1.regardless of 不管;不顾2.at most 至多;最多3.cut up 切碎4.fed up with 受够了;饱受;厌烦5.look ahead 向前看;为将来打算6.date back 追溯到……7.arrest sb. for... 因……而逮捕某人8.with relief 欣慰地9.be proud of... 以……为骄傲10.turn to sb. for help 向某人求助高中英语选修8Unit5知识点：重点句型1.If only it could be just like last year! 要是能跟去年那样有多好呀!2.It is agreat pleasure to meet you students from England...见到你们这些来自英国的学生非常高兴……3.It must have been very uncomfortable.那肯定会非常不舒服。
人教版高中英语选修八+Unit5+Meeting+your+ancestors知识点讲解课件
2. 表示从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻，可 能刚刚结束的动作。例如： She has been sweeping the street all day. She is too tired. 她一整天都在扫大街。她太累了。 We have been waiting for you for two hours. We don't want to wait any longer. 我们已经等你两个小时了。不想再等了。
3. interrupt
vt.
1) 打断，中断，阻碍 e.g. 战争打断了两国间的贸易。 ①The war ~ed the trade between the 2 countries. ②Sorry to interrupt you, but I have something to say. 打断某人的话 ~ sb. /sth. with sth. (2) interrupt sb. 打扰某人
9. Somehow 以…方式；不知怎么地；莫名其妙地
Somehow he was afraid of her.
anyhow 无论如何，不管怎样
It may snow, but anyhow I will go to town.
10. arrest:
逮捕，吸引
The criminal was arrested yesterday.
7 sharpen vt. 使锋利,尖锐;使强烈
The knife needs sharpening. The tone of his letters has sharpened recently. sharp adj.锋利的,尖锐的; 急转的,陡峭; 突然的,急剧 a sharp turn 急转弯 a sharp increase 急剧增加
人教英语高中新课标选修八unit5单词与短语用法26页PPT
5、虽然权力是一头固执的熊，可是金 子可以Байду номын сангаас拉着它 的鼻子 走。— —莎士 比
6、最大的骄傲于最大的自卑都表示心灵的最软弱无力。——斯宾诺莎 7、自知之明是最难得的知识。——西班牙 8、勇气通往天堂，怯懦通往地狱。——塞内加 9、有时候读书是一种巧妙地避开思考的方法。——赫尔普斯 10、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。——笛卡儿
人教英语高中新课标选修八unit5单词与 短语用法
1、合法而稳定的权力在使用得当时很 少遇到 抵抗。 ——塞 ·约翰 逊 2、权力会使人渐渐失去温厚善良的美 德。— —伯克
3、最大限度地行使权力总是令人反感 ；权力 不易确 定之处 始终存 在着危 险。— —塞·约翰逊 4、权力会奴化一切。——塔西佗
新课标人教版选修八Book8 Unit5 vocabulary
10．category n．种类；类别；范畴 11．significance n．意义；意思；重要性，重要意义 12．delete vt.删；删除
13．somehow adv.以……方式；不知怎么地
14．academy n．学院；学会；学术团体；院校 15．applaud vi. & vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌
(3) Scientists believe that human cloning is just a matter of time,
but the assumption that human clones have already been born hasn’t been proved yet. 假想，设想
16．accelerate vi. & vt.加速；促进
17．arrest vt.逮捕；吸引 n．逮捕；拘留 18．dizzy adj.晕眩的；昏乱的；使人发晕或困惑的
●重点短语 1．regardless of不管；不顾 2．at most 至多；最多 3．cut up 切碎 4．fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦 5．look ahead 向前看；为将来打算 6．date back 追溯到……
除了继续下去，我们别无选择。
2．interrupt vi. 打岔
vt. 暂时中断或中止
interruption n. 中断，打断 interrupt sb. 打断某人的讲话或正在做的事 without interruption 不间断地 [即学即练] (1)Traffic was interrupted by a dense fog. 中断
I have no alternative but to take this proposal.
新课标高中英语选修8 Unit5 重点单词及短语
新课标高中英语选修8 Unit 5 重点单词及短语选修8 Unit 5重点单词1. alternative n. 可能的选择;选择对象adj。
供选择的；其他的2。
accuracy n. 精确:准确3. interrupt vi。
打断…讲话;打岔vt. 暂时中断或中止4. assume vt。
假定；设想5. sharpen vt.＆vi。
（使）锋利，尖锐，清晰6。
ample adj。
足够的；充足的；富裕的7。
primitive adj。
原始的；远古的；简陋的8. preserve vt。
保持；保存；保藏n。
禁猎地9. analysis n。
（pl。
analyses）分析10. specific adj。
详细而精确的；确切的；特定的；具体的11. specifically adv. 确切地;具体地；特别地12. significance n。
意义；意思;重要性；重要意义13. somehow adv. 以…方式；不知怎么地14。
systematic adj。
有系统的；有计划的;有条理的15。
radioactive adj。
放射性的;有辐射能的16. radioactivity n。
放射性17。
applaud vt.&vi. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏18。
accelerate vt。
&vi。
加速;促进19。
arrest vt。
逮捕；吸引n. 逮捕；拘留20。
dizzy adj. 晕眩的；昏迷的；使人发晕或困惑的21。
relief n.（痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物22。
affection n。
恋爱；喜爱23. affectionate adj. 充满深情的；有爱心的24. patient adj。
耐心的;忍耐的25. skilful adj。
(英）有技巧的：熟练的(~美～skillful)26. punctuation n。
标点符号重点短语1。
show…around领某人参观2。
regardless of 不管；不顾3. keep out…阻止…进入4。
人教版选修八：Unit5+Meeting+your+ancestors+interrupt+assume等重点单词精析+
interrupt, assume等重点单词精析1. 【课文原句】I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? (P38)【点拨】interrupt vt. 打断，打扰，中断，阻碍。
【例句】His speech was constantly interrupted by applause. 他的讲话不时被掌声打断。
She interrupted me to ask a question. 她打断我的话，问了我一个问题。
The floods interrupted railway services. 洪水使铁路运输中断。
【拓展】disturb意为“打扰，扰乱，使不安”，多用于被动语态，指程度较深的烦恼，甚至心理方面的失常；bother意为“打扰，麻烦，费心”，常指暂时的、无关紧要的困扰，在主动语态中，bother有“有意打扰”的含义；interrupt意为“打断，使中断”。
如：The child continually disturbed the class. 这个孩子不断地扰乱课堂秩序。
Emotionally disturbed children need special care and treatment. 情感失调的孩子需要特别的关怀和治疗。
I’m sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time? 对不起，打扰你了，请问几点了？It is very impolite to interrupt a speaker. 打断别人的讲话很不礼貌。
He interrupted his work to answer the question. 他中断了自己的工作来回答问题。
2. 【课文原句】So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves ... (P38)【点拨】assume vt. 设想，承担，装作。
高中英语选修8 unit5-重点词汇讲解
9. date back to 追溯到；始于
date back to＝date from
1. The Great Wall we see today mostly dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
我们今日所看到的长城大部分建于明朝。。
2. The origin of this festival dates back to ancient times .
[7] The village was __c_u_t__o_ff__ because of flood. 严格说来，他没有资格做这份工作。。
[8] Some reptiles can regrow their tails when they are __c_u_t_a_w_a_y__. 有些爬行动物的尾巴被割掉后可以重新长出来。
[1] Yuan Longping is such a devoted scientist that people in China all __l_o_o_k_u__p_t_o__ him.
袁隆平是如此有奉献精神的科学家，人们都很尊敬他。 [2] The patients were well __lo_o_k_e_d__a_ft_e_r__ by the nurses .
[4] The scientist made the assumption that there is no animal life on other planets.
这个科学家提出了其他星球上没有动物生命的假设。。 [5] His original assumption proved to be wrong.
cut away 切掉；砍掉
cut across 抄近路穿过
人教英语高中新课标选修八unit5单词与短语用法
① 打断; 中断 别打扰他, 他还没完成呢。 _D_o_n_’_t_i_n_t_e_rr_u_p__t _h_im__, for he hasn’t finished yet. 他的学习由于战争而中断。 His studies _w_e_r_e__i_n_te_r_r_u_p_t_e_d__b_y__t_h_e__w_a_r_. ② 打岔; 插嘴 It is rude to interrupt. “Don’t interrupt,” he said.
Unit 5 meeting your ancestors
New Words
1. identify vt. 确认, 识别, 鉴别 1) identify sb. /sth. as sb./ sth.
确认, 证明某人/某物系某人/某物 e.g. 她认出那个男子就是袭击她的人。
She identified the man as her attacker. 2) identify sth. with sth. 认为某事物与另一事物等同 e.g. 幸福与财富不能混为一谈。
替代的
an tive to...
……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth.
别无选择只好做……
= have nothing to do but do…
= have no choice but to do sth.
alternative energy 可替代能源
e.g. 除了放弃那个计划, 我别无选择。 I have no alternative but to give up the plan. = I have nothing to do but give up the plan. = I have no choice but to give up the plan. 有几种方案可以代替我们的计划。 There are __s_o_m_e__a_lt_e_r_n_a_ti_v_e_s_t_o_o_u__r_p_l_a_n__.
人教版高中英语选修八unit5-词汇讲解
date back to英［deɪt］美［deɪt]追溯到……常见用法：1．动词+～advance the date提前日期bear the date注明日期break the date不遵守约定bring forward the date提前日期2．形容词+～closing date截止日期early date早期fixed date固定的日期future date将来的日期介词+～from that date从那时起on a certain date在某一日期out of date过时的to date到目前为止例句：All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3，000 and 5，000 years ago. 所有的物品都来自于三星堆的一个挖掘点，时间可以追溯到3000到5000年前.date back to＝date from因追溯是从现在算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般现在时。
This custom dates back to the 16th century.这风俗起源于16世纪.This is an old building dating back to/dating from the 16th century.这是一栋追溯至16世纪的古老建筑物。
练习：1。
英译汉My interest in stamp collecting dates back to/from my schooldays。
2.Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower,which ________ as early as 800 years ago。
A．dates back to B．is dated backC．dates back from D．was dated from答案：1。
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一、date back to 英[deɪt] 美[deɪt]追溯到……常见用法：1．动词+～advance the date提前日期bear the date注明日期break the date不遵守约定bring forward the date提前日期2．形容词+～closing date截止日期early date早期fixed date固定的日期future date将来的日期3.介词+～from that date从那时起on a certain date在某一日期out of date过时的to date到目前为止例句：All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago. 所有的物品都来自于三星堆的一个挖掘点，时间可以追溯到3000到5000年前。
date back to＝date from因追溯是从现在算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般现在时。
This custom dates back to the 16th century.这风俗起源于16世纪。
This is an old building dating back to/dating from the 16th century.这是一栋追溯至16世纪的古老建筑物。
练习：1.英译汉My interest in stamp collecting dates back to/from my schooldays.2.Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower，which ________ as early as 800 years ago.A．dates back to B．is dated backC．dates back from D．was dated from答案：1.我从学生时代就开始爱好集邮。
2.选A。
短语date back to 相当于date from，意为“追溯到，始于”。
两者通常与过去的时间状语连用，但多用于一般现在时，且一般不用于被动语态。
句意：每天都有许多游客在这座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。
二、assume 英[ə'sjuːm] 美[ə'suːm] v．假定；设想；假装；承担常见用法：1．用作动词 (v.)～+名词assume a leading position担任领导职务assume a look of surprise装出吃惊的样子assume the right夺取权力2．～+副词assume baselessly毫无根据地认为assume falsely错误地认为assume groundlessly毫无根据地认为assume hastily匆忙地认为3．assume that 认为例句：So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
(牛津P104)It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve.认为经济继续好转是有道理的。
(牛津P104)Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds. 咱们暂时假设计划成功。
(牛津P104)It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。
Assuming that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money?假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？练习：1.英译汉A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.2.We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon－________that the others agree.A．to assume B．assumedC．assume D．assuming答案：1.许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。
2.选D。
assuming that...“假定……”。
类似表达有：providing/supposing (that)．..。
三、interrupt英[ˌɪntə'rʌpt] 美[ˌɪntə'rʌpt]v.打断；打扰；中断；阻碍n.[计算机]中断常见用法：1．～+名词interrupt the path阻断道路interrupt sb's speech打断某人讲话interrupt traffic中断交通interrupt the view遮住视线2．～+副词interrupt abruptly突然地打断interrupt constantly不时地打断interrupt earnestly认真地打断interrupt frequently频繁地打断3．～+介词be interrupted by被…打断〔阻断〕interrupt sb in his talk打断某人的话interrupt with打断例句：(牛津P1069)Sorry to interrupt，but there is someone to see you. 对不起打扰一下，有人要见你。
(牛津P1069)They were interrupted by a knock at the door.他们被敲门声打断了。
It’s bad manners to interrupt others when they are talking. 打断别人谈话是没礼貌的。
Let’s go somewhere where we can talk without interruption.我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧练习：1.英译汉I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? 2.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(打断别人是没有礼貌的)while they are having a conversation.答案：1.对不起，打断了你的讲话，请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？2.It is bad manners to interrupt others四、significance 英[sɪɡ'nɪfɪkəns] 美[sɪɡ'nɪfɪkəns]n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义常见用法：1．介词+～in its true significance在真正意义上a matter of significance重大事情2．形容词+～commercial〔historical〕 significance商业〔历史〕意义great〔little〕 significance重大〔无关紧要〕的事practical significance现实意义3．动词+～acquire〔attain〕 significance获得更广泛的意义attach significance to赋予…以意义explain significance说明意义realize the full significance of认识到…的全部意义例句：(牛津P1866)The new drug has great significance for the treatment of the disease.这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重大意义。
(牛津P1866)She couldn’t grasp the full significance of what he had said.她未能充分领会他那番话的意思。
Their change of plan is strange but I don’t think it’s significant.他们改变了计划十分奇怪，但我觉得没什么意义。
His university was aware of the significance of his work.他所在的大学知道他的工作的重要性。
练习：1.英译汉It is a matter of great significance.2.Only later________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(我们意识到真正意义)of his remark.答案：1.这是一个非常重要的问题。
2.did we realize the true significance五、arrest 英[ə'rest] 美[ə'rest]n．逮捕；拘留 vt. 逮捕；吸引常见用法：1．～+名词arrest sb's attention引起某人的注意arrest the bandit逮捕匪徒arrest sb's eye惹人注目2．～+副词arrest abruptly突然逮捕arrest arbitrarily任意逮捕arrest capriciously任意逮捕3．～+介词arrest for high treason因叛国罪逮捕arrest on a charge of指控犯…罪而逮捕arrest on suspicion作为嫌疑犯逮捕例句：(牛津P92)A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery.一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。
(牛津P92)You could get arrested for doing that.你干那种事可能要遭逮捕。
Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence.由于暴乱十五人被捕。
The beautiful sunset arrested our attention，and we stopped to watch it.美丽的日落吸引了我们的注意力，我们停下来观看。