名词性从句讲解

表语从句

1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2．引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

(1)从属连词that。在从句中不做成分。如：

The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

(2)从属连词whether, as, as if。如：

1. He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。

2. The question is whether they will be able to help us.

问题是他们是否能帮我们。

注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.

这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。

注：能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look，sound等。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 在

表语从句中做主语、宾语等。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.

问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.

那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

(4)连接副词where, when, how, why。

What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何时离开的。

This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。

(5)连词because可引导表语从句。如：

I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。

That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。(That's

because...强调原因)

That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。

(That's why...强调结果)

(6)解释：

2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：

My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

同位语从句

一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质

在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名

词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。

例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。

二1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）

例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。

析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。

2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）

例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。

析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。

3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。

例1：I have no idea when he will be back.

析：he will be back意义不完整，应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea 的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。

例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.

析：he went home意义不完整，应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。

4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。

如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.

三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限