《英语教学法》名词解释

《英语教学法》名词解释

◆Structural view (结构主义语言理论）

The structural view of language sees language as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: the sound system (phonology); the discrete units of meaning produced by sound combinations (morphology), and the system of combining units of meaning for communication (syntax).

◆Functional view（功能主义语言理论）

The functional view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things. In order to perform functions, learners need to know how to combine the grammatical rules and the vocabulary to express notions that perform the functions.

◆Interactional view（交互语言理论）

The interactional view considers language to be a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people.

◆Behaviourist theory（行为主义理论）------Skinner

The key point of the theory of conditioning is that＂you can train an animal to do anything( with reason) if you follow a certain procedure which has three major stages, stimulus, response, and reinforcement＂.

◆Cognitive theory（认知理论）

Chomsky thinks that language is not a form of behaviour, it is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system. There are a finite number of grammatical rules in the system and with a knowledge of these an infinite number of sentences can be produced. A language learner acquires language competence which enables him to produce language.

◆Constructivist theory (建构主义理论)-------John Dewey

The constructivist theory believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he/she already knows.

◆Socio-constructivist theory (社会建构主义理论)

Vygotsky emphasises interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context based on the concept of “Zone of Proximal Development” (ZPD) and scaffolding.

◆Linguistic competence（语言能力）----Hedge

Linguistic competence is concerned with knowledge of the language itself, its form and meaning.

◆Pragmatic competence (语用能力) ----Hedge

Pragmatic competence is concerned with the appropriate use of the language in social context.

◆Discourse competence (话语能力/ 语篇能力) ----Canale and Swain

Discourse competence refers to one’s ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand them.

◆Strategic competence (策略能力)

Strategic competence refers to strategies one employs when there is communication breakdown due to lack of resources.

◆Errors

An error has direct relation with the learners’language competence.Errors result from lack of knowledge in the target language.

◆Mistakes

A mistake refers to a performance error that is either a random