英语形容词和副词的用法解析
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形容词和副词
一、形容词
形容词修饰名词/不定代词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。一般放所修饰名词前作定语,也可独立作表语/宾补等
1、作定语:① this is an interesting story.
2、作表语:① YaO Ming is Very tall.
3、作宾补:① don't make your hands dirty.② kitty is a CIeVer cat.
② our CIaSSroom is big and bright.
② we're tryi ng to make our school beautiful.
可将形容词分成性质形容词+叙述形容词,不一定都放在名词前面
1、直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句
中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot热的。
2、叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词
修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid害怕的。
(错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl
is afraid.
这类词还well, Unwell , ill,faint,afraid , alike,alive,alone ,asleep,awake
3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thi ng为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词后。例如:SOmething nice
二、以-ly结尾的形容词
1、大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly ,deadly , lovely , lonely ,likely , lively,ugly,brotherly ,仍为形容词。
改错:(错) She Sang lovely. (错) He spoke to me Very friendly.
(对) Her Si ngi ng WaS lovely. (对) He spoke to me in a Very frie ndly way.
2、有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。daily,WeekIy,monthly ,yearly,early
① The TimeS is a daily paper. ② The TimeS is PUbIiShed daily.
三、用形容词表示类别和整体
1、某些形容词加上定冠词可泛指一类人,谓语用复数。女口: the dead ,the living ,the rich ,the poor ,
the blind ,the hungry 。------ The poor are losing hope.
2、有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词复数连用。the BritiSh,the English,the FrenCh ,the Chinese. -------- The English have wonderful SenSe of humor.
四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时,顺序:限定词 --数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--出处--
材料性质,类别)
① a small round table ② a tall gray building a dirty old brown Shirt
a famous Germa n medical school
an expe nsive JaPa nese SPOrtS Car
五、形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1)规则变化
形容词变副词方式:
1、在形容词词尾直接加-Iy ,构成副词。如:USual-USually, bad-badly 等。
[注]:不是所有以-ly结尾的单词都是副词,某些名词后加-Iy可以转化为形容词。
女口: sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely 等。
2、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的单词,变y为i,再加-ly ,如:hea vy-heavily, happy-happily 等,并
且要注意这些单词的变化:polite-politely, true-truly, terrible-terribly 等。
二、副词
是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,在句子中作状语或表语的一类词。
一、分类:
时间副词( now, today, early, sometimes, already 等);
地点副词( outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home 等);
方式副词( quickly, loudly, suddenly, fast, luckily 等);
程度副词( very, quite, rather, too, much, so 等);
疑问副词( when, where, why, how, how long, how often 等);
关系副词( when, where, why, how 等)
一、副词的位置:
1 、在动词之前。 2、在 be 动词、助动词之后。 3、多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后
a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副词 well ,badly 糟、坏, hard 等只放在句尾。 He speaks English well. 二、副词的排列顺序:
1 ) 时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。
2 ) 方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用 and 或 but 等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully.
3) 多个不同副词排列:程度 +地点+方式+ 时间副词。注意:副词 very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。
改错:(错)1 Very Iike English. (对)1 Iike English Very much.
注意:副词 enough 要放在形容词的后面,形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。
I don't know him well enough. 2、There is enough food for eVeryone to eat.
There is food enough for eVeryone to eat.
as+ 形容词或副词原级 +as
1、在否定句或疑问句中可用 SO… as 。 He CannOtrun so/as fast as you.
2、当as…as中间有名词时采用以下格式。as +形容词+ a +单数名词;as + many/much + 名词This is as good an example as the other is. 2、 I can carry as much paper as you can..
3、用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as 的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
2 、 Your room is the same size as mine.
4、倍数+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍数+ then + of
① This bridge is three times as long as that one.
② This bridge is three times the length of that one.