渤海大学外贸英语会话期末考试试卷及参考答案

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外贸英语对话期末考核234篇.docx

J： Hello I am Johnson come from American. I want make an inquiry forplaited straw articlesC: This is the 商品list about straw basket and bags・所有的商品有一个好的市场在美国。

J: how about zy-9712 I want to know some details・C:这款产品是最畅销的一款产品，材料是straw和corn husk, fob 8$最小定量是200 个，the offer is valid for 1week .J: wait, the price is too high. I think the price should be reduced by 2 dollars ・C I am afraid I can ' t agree with you, my quotation is near the cost. I only can give 2% commissi on to you.J: ok I accept your advice・ Have a good cooperation.S: Hello, Mr zhao , after reading your product list, we are very interested in sewing machines・H: Considering our long-time business relationship, we can make a firm offer to you. Our minimum order quantity is 100 pieces and our FOB price is 3000 RMB.S: Thatfe nice of you. I want to buy 300 sets of sewing machines・ How aboutthe earliest shipment date?H: As our manufacturers have a heavy backlog in these hands, we promise to deliver within 50 days after the receipt of covering L/C.S: Thatfe too late・ We need of these machines in urgen, could you effect shipment as soon as possible?H: Emmm, let me see. If we choose Shenzhen as loading port, it will be 20 days earlier.S: It sounds great. Thanks for your cooperation.C: Mr zhao , after studying your black tea concentrate list , I am very interesting. I want place an offer about 50 kilograms for prompt shipment?H: Sure・ Prompt shipment is no problem, however, our minimum order is 100 kilograms, your order didnt reach it.C: Ok, i agree to add our order to 100 kilograms・ But I need a good price.H: ok, we could provide free sample and sent within 24 hours for your ref ere nee. Con sidering that black tea concentrate in seller^ market since last year, so the final price is US $10 per kilogram.C: J: wait, the price is too high .I think the price should be reduced by 10%H: Sorry, Ihn afraid we cant accept. Our product is popular for its mellowed flavour and good clartity. We only allow 5% reduction in price, in addition, we could give you a 2% commission.C: All right. In order to close the deal, I accept.H: Nice to cooperate with you.L: Mr zhao , we are interested in your walnut, can you give us an offer? H: Miss Lin, our offer depends on your quantity. How many walnuts do you want to order?L: About 30 metric tons, it fe not a small quantity, i hope you could make a favourable offer.H: No problem, we could give you rock bottom price,$4000 per ton.L: Thafe great. Having settled the price, lefe get to the next part. We need goods arrived at Hamburg before the middle of November, so that we could sell the goods to our wholesalers before the Christmas season. H:l understand, and we agree to ship the walnuts during the later part of September but we makes no guarantee that the goods will reach Hamburg before the middle of November. Because the date when the goods arrive at Hamburg depends on the shipping company.L: Now that could you effect shipment ealier?H: Ok, well try our best.L: Thanks for your cooperation,.。

外贸英语习题参考答案

外贸英语习题参考答案一、选择题1. C. 正确答案是C。

在外贸英语中，"T/T"代表"Telegraphic Transfer"，即电汇，是一种常用的国际支付方式。

2. B. "FOB"是"Free On Board"的缩写，表示货物在装运港交货，买方承担货物装上船之后的风险和费用。

3. A. "L/C"是"Letter of Credit"的缩写，即信用证，是一种由银行出具的支付保证。

4. D. "CIF"是"Cost, Insurance and Freight"的缩写，表示成本加保险费加运费，卖方负责将货物运输到指定目的港，并支付保险费。

5. E. "B/L"是"Bill of Lading"的缩写，即提单，是货物运输中的重要文件，证明货物已经装船。

二、填空题1. 合同中规定的货物数量是 5000 吨，如果允许有 5% 的溢短装，那么允许的货物数量范围是 4750 吨到 5250 吨。

2. 信用证的有效期是货物装运后的 15 天，如果货物在 2023 年 4月 15 日装运，那么信用证的有效期至 2023 年 4 月 30 日。

3. 根据国际贸易术语解释通则（Incoterms），"EXW"表示"Ex Works"，即工厂交货，买方承担从卖方工厂提取货物的所有费用和风险。

4. 保险单上的保险金额通常为 CIF 价格的 110%，如果 CIF 价格为100,000 美元，那么保险金额应为 110,000 美元。

5. 外贸合同中常见的支付条款包括即期付款、远期付款、信用证支付等。

三、简答题1. 什么是国际贸易中的"D/P"和"D/A"？答："D/P"是"Documents against Payment"的缩写，即付款交单，指卖方在收到款项后才交出货物的单据。

渤海大学20 级期末考试国际贸易

渤海大学20 级专升本(国际经济与贸易)第二学期《国际贸易》试卷题号一二三四五六总分得分一、单项选择题。

(在四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的号码填入题后括号中。

每题1.5分，共30分)1.按照《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》解释，采用FOB条件成交时，买卖双方风险划分的界限为( )。

A.装运港船边 B.装运港船上 C.装运港船舷 D.目的港船舷2.下列术语中适合各种运输方式的有( )。

A.CFRB.FOBC.CIFD.DAF3.根据《跟单信用证统一惯例(500)》规定，“约量”表示交货数量有不超过多少的增减幅度( )。

A.3%B.5%C.10%D.15%4.卖方按照买方提供的样品，复制一个类似的产品交买方确认，确认后的样品被称为( )。

A.买方样品B.卖方样品C.对等样品D.参考样品5.某外商欲购我“乘风”牌电扇，但要求改用“幸福”商标，并不得注明产地和厂商名称。

外商这一要求属于( )。

A.无牌中性包装B.定牌中性包装C.运输包装D.销售包装6.下列险别中属于中国人民保险公司承保的海洋运输货物特殊附加险的是( )。

A.偷窃提货不着险B.淡水雨淋险C.交货不到险D.受潮受热险7.海洋运输一般分为班轮运输和( )。

A.定期运输B.专线运输C.内河运输D.租船运输8.将汇票划分为银行汇票和商业汇票的依据是( )。

A.出票人B.付款人C.受款人D.承兑人9.我国基本险的责任起讫采用国际保险业所惯用的( )。

A.“仓至仓”条款B.港至港条款C.门对门条款D.OCP条款10.在我国进出口合同中，关于商品检验的时间和地点一般规定为( )。

A.在出口国工厂检验B.在装运港检验C.在目的港检验D.装运地检验和目的地复验11.在来料加工或补偿贸易的情况下，一般最适宜采用( )。

A.背对背信用证B.循环信用证C.备用信用证D.对开信用证12.向海关申报进出口货物，供海关验关估税和放行的法定单据是( )。

外贸谈判英语期末试卷AB(含参考答案)

8. In case the quality does not _____________ the contract we demand a reinspection performed by Bureau Veritas. 符合
9. In this case I’d like to draw your attention to the fact that once there might be some disputes over the results of inspection the certificates _______ by BV shall be final to both parties.颁发
10. We demand the inspection ___________by Food Safty and Inspection Service.执行
11. We’ll ________ our baskets in cartons, 30 pieces to one carton, gross weight around 25 kilos a carton. 包装
8. We want the goods inspected by Societe Generale de Surveillance S.A.. 仿写：Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau
9. The certificate can prove that the textiles are the same as the samples. 仿写：Goods are in good condition.
参考答案
I. Vocabulary (20%) 1. Write the English according to the Chinese given.

大学外语（四）口语题目及答案

大学外语（四）口语题目及答案1. Can a person rely on the welfare system for everything? Why? No, I think that he surely can’t rely on the welfare system for everything. Admittedly, the welfare system can help a person with some financial problems. Since a disabled person might not be able to work, the government can help give money to live. Nevertheless, money is not the only thing that a person needs in order to live. A person needs things ,such as excitement, strength, adventure and so on, for his soul. What’s more, everyone needs love, too. And a disabled person is not different. He needs these things and he must get them the same way that everyone else does. He must get them on his own. In all, a person can’t rely on the welfare system for everything.2. Should we ignore our friends and family for the sake of our own interests ?In my view, life can be very busy, and it is good to stop and think more about the importance of our close relationships. Of course we shouldn’t ignore our friends and family members. Even though we are caught up in wishes to change the world or something like that, we should all be careful how we act toward people close to us. The measures we should take are quite clear. Rather than world problems, we should focus on problems within ourselves. Are we kind enough? Are we generous enough? These are the questions we should ask.Following this, we should then try to make improvements, making ourselves better people. If we become good , we will then have a good influence on others, most on our family members and friends. They, our friends and family, must come before our own interests. We must love them whole-heartedly. We must findtheir needs and then work to satisfy those needs. We can have the best possible lives, if we put friends and family members before our interests.3. China has declared a war on corruption with a focus on corrupt government officials. Is it possible for China to end corruption?I am sure it is possible to end corruption because I believe in the Chinese people. Though there are exceptions, and those exceptions are causing problems now, I believe that most people are good and honest. What’s more, I believe that most Chinese people are brave. If asked by the government to watch out for and report corruption, most people will do so. They will report corruption wherever they see it. Then actions will be taken against corruption. Any plan that includes the Chinese people against corruption will work. I believe that ending corruption will be accomplished by China.4.Do you believe that people of different races are equal? Why?I am not a racist. So I believe people are all equal. First, groups are similar biologically. We all have the same basic features, but onlydiffer in very superficial ways, like color skin. Also, each group has a culture that has evolved and supported its people, sometimes for thousands of years. And related to this is that each one of these cultures, and each one of these people, is unique and, therefore, special. Each provides color to the world and makes the world a more interesting place.5. How long have you had your mobile phone and why do you choose it?Mobile phones benefit our lives a lot, obviously. First of all, itmakes the communications convenient. In the past, people write letters or send telegrams to get touch with others. Phones make the communication easier. When you miss someone, a piece of short message sent to his mobile phone will replace the long travel of thousands of miles. The long distance among people can be shortened by it. Secondly, the 21th century is a century of information. And the intelligence mobile phones bring great convenience to our internet-surfing. We can surf the internet to get information at anytime and anywhere. To get some knowledge on-line and your only need a few touches to your mobile phones, so as to listening to the radio. Thirdly, with the development of mobile phones, they becoming smaller, thinner and more beautiful, and this makes them more fashionable and convenient to carry on. Moreover,the functions of mobile phones are becoming more and more. They can use as alarm clocks, cameras, blotters, flashlights, music players and so on. More amazing and useful applications of mobile phones can be used. Last but not least, the industry of mobile phones can push the development of electronic industry, which can provide many jobs and make efforts to the prosperity of economy.6. Describe a book, a story or a movie you like most and its influence on your life.Oliver TwistHave you ever read Oliver Twist?What do you think it? T oday I want to share it with yours because it is like most on my life . Oliver Twist, one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens', is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century. The author who was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of thosecruel criminal s and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London.To my disappointment, nowadays some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity. They look down on people's honesty and kindness, thinking it foolish of people to bewarm-hearted. As a result, they show no sympathy to those who are in trouble and seldom offer to help others. On the other hand, theyattach importance to money and benefit. In their opinion, money is the only real object while emotions and morality are nihility. If they cannot get profit from showing their 'kindness', they draw back when others are faced with trouble and even hit a man when he is down. They are one of the sorts that I really detest.7. Can you tell us your experience of making an excuse because you were late or had forgotten to do something?A child, the most worried is that every time to sleep and see the teacher's strict eyes, this time when the brain is rapidly rotating, to find a reasonable excuse for being late. One day, I was late for school, Mr. Smith who was my teacher was very angry with me. I immediately apologized for being late, and explained that my mother was ill in bed, so I had to look after her. Then I promised not to be late again. Finally, Mr. Smith forgave me for my sincere apology. 8. You are going to tell experience about your last time you ate out at a restaurantLast night we went to eat in a little restaurant near our school. It was not a good time for us to get there as we could find a seat. So we had to wait for about half an hour in front of a table which was in use by four customers. When we sat down and started toorder from the menu ,we were told that three dishes we ordered were not available as the materials for these dishes were all used up. What adisappointment! We had no choice but to order a meat dish of spare-ribs and a vegetable dish of greens together with a bowl of rice for each of us. We were still hungry after the meal so we had to have some instant noodles after we returned to our dorm.9. Which city in your country attracts most visitors, why?As the captain of China, Beijing has been the most popular city of china. So more and more people want to visit Beijing. I think the best time to visit Beijing is spring ,for the weather of that time is very fine ,neither too hot nor too cold .The warm wind will make you feel happy. Many people visit Beijing for it's beautiful scene and cultural inheritance. If you want to have a enjoyable journey, I suggest you to pay a visit to the Great Wall, the Summer Palace ,the Olympic Park and many other place. When you feel tired after one day's journey ,you can taste the "Noodles with Soy Bean Paste", a kind of traditional food in Beijing. There are many other things you can do in Beijing, as shopping in the big shopping mall, visit the different kinds park ,visit the "Si He Yuan "and so Beijing is China's second largest city, after Shanghai. It is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and motorways passing through the city. It is also the focal point of many international flights to China. Beijing is recognized as the political, educational, and cultural center of the People's Republic of China, while Shanghai and HongKong predominate in economic fields. The city also has host the 2008 Summer Olympics.10. Please tell your experience about bargaining?Besides smiling a lot, it is important to keep the conversation going while actively pursuing your desired price. Keeping talking makes the seller feel more at ease and makes him/her confident that you are sincere with your offer. Don't ever go quiet, this makes the seller believe you have lost interest and he will no longer tend to your requests. Even if it's the perfect item, the moment the seller sees that wistful look in your eyes, they'll know they've got the upper hand. Appear interested, as if you're willing to buy the product if the price is right, but you can certainly live without it as well. Many people hesitate to haggle because they don't want to seem cheap. But are you really willing to pay top dollar just so you can preserve the esteem of total strangers? You're only meeting them this once, and you'll probably never meet them again. Even if you're shopping with people you know, they might raise an eyebrow when you start haggling, but they'll sure be jealous when you get a better price than they did! When the seller makes an offer that is almost what you want, look distressed and say "Oh, okay. Well, let me ask my husband/wife/mother/father. I've been dying to get one of these for months now, but they keep saying it's too expensive." If you have acell phone, pull it out and call your partner in crime, or even fake the call if you have to: "Yes, but it's what I've been looking for...I don't know...OK...Yes, fine..." End your call, turn to the seller, and say "I can buy it for..." giving a price that is slightly below what they've offered. A lot of times, offering cash upfront will entice a retailer to meet your price. Split your cash in increments so that you can show the seller the money you're offering without them seeing how much more money you have sitting in your wallet.。

大学英语期末复习试题及答案

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渤海大学英语期末考试试卷及参考答案

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大英期末考试试题及答案

大英期末考试试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. Choose the best word to complete the sentence. (5分)- The government has been criticized for its slow response to the economic downturn. (A) rapid (B) gradual (C) swift (D) immediate2. Identify the grammatical error in the following sentence. (5分)- "I have been studying English for two years now, and I have improved a lot."3. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. (10分)- (1) The company has been expanding its operations in Asia since 2010.- (2) By the time you arrive, the guests ________ (already leave).- (3) If it ________ (not rain) tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.二、阅读理解（共30分）Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage:In recent years, the popularity of e-books has surged. Manypeople have turned to digital reading as a more convenient and space-saving alternative to traditional books. However, despite the benefits, some argue that the experience of reading a physical book cannot be replicated by a digital device.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage? (5分)2. What is the reason behind the surge in popularity of e-books? (10分)3. What is the counterargument presented in the passage? (15分)三、写作（共50分）Write an essay on the following topic:"The Impact of Technology on Modern Society"Your essay should include:- An introduction to the topic- The positive effects of technology on society- The potential negative effects of technology- Your personal opinion on the balance between technology and traditional ways大英期末考试答案一、词汇与语法1. (C) swift2. The grammatical error is the use of "have improved." It should be "I have improved a lot."3.- (1) The company has been expanding its operations inAsia since 2010.- (2) By the time you arrive, the guests will have already left.- (3) If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.二、阅读理解1. The main topic of the passage is the rise in popularity of e-books and the debate over digital versus traditional reading.2. The reason behind the surge in popularity of e-books istheir convenience and the space-saving nature as compared to traditional books.3. The counterargument presented is that the experience of reading a physical book is irreplaceable by digital devices, suggesting a preference for the tactile and sensoryexperience of reading paper books.三、写作The essay should be structured as follows:- Introduction: Briefly introduce the topic and state the purpose of the essay.- Positive Effects: Discuss how technology has improved communication, education, and access to information.- Negative Effects: Address potential drawbacks such as privacy concerns, social isolation, and the digital divide. - Personal Opinion: Conclude with a balanced view on how society can benefit from technology while preserving traditional values and practices.Please note that this is a mock-up of a final exam and the answers provided are for illustrative purposes only. Actual exam content and answers may vary.。

大学_大学英语期末考试题及参考答案

大学英语期末考试题及参考答案大学英语期末考试题一、选词填空(共计30分，每小题2分)Passage 1I never used to go anywhere without the car. I regarded it as an essential part of myself. But when the price of gas doubled in this year, I decided not to use the car except when absolutely necessary. For example, I always used to take the car when I went to fetch the papers on Sunday mornings, although our newsagents is only 10 minutes walk away. Now I go on foot.I tell myself that Im not only saving the gas but keeping fit at the same time. Its all a question of habit really. Im sure you can get used to anything if you try and already feel that I rely on the car less than I used to. Besides, now that we live in the suburbs, I can walk down the road and catch a bus to the office or to any part of the town. We used to live in the country about 15 miles from town and then I would frequently drive to and fro twice in one day. That meant I would use 15 gallons of oil or more in a week. Now I only need half that amount. The trouble is that I am also getting used to the gas prices. They dont seem so high tome any more. Perhaps it is easier to get used to expensive gas than it is to doing without the ear.Questions 26--30 are based on Passage 1.26. When the price of gas doubled in this year, the author decidedA. to go everywhere without a carB. only to take the car to fetch the papersC. to use the car when he had toD. to go on foot everywhere27. In the sentence "Its all a question of habit really," the pronoun "It" refers toA. saving the gasB. keeping fitC. not only saving the gas but keeping fit at the same timeD. not relying too much on the car28. To go to the newsagents to get his newspaper, the authorA. used to walk for 10 minutesB. used to drive his carC. walked down the road to the officeD. walked for 10 minutes to keep fit29. We know from the passage that the authorA. is getting used to living in the country about 15 miles from townB. used to go to and come back from town twice a day by carC. usually buys 15 gallons of oil or more in a weekD. only spends 7.5 pounds on gas now30. The last sentence of the passage suggests thatA. the author still can not get used to doing without the carB. the author feels that the high price of gas is a great problemC. it is easy to use gas at high pricesD. the price of gas is not high any more点击下页还有更多大学英语期末考试题：词汇与结构阅读下面的小对话，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。

外贸英语期末考试试题

外贸英语期末考试试题### 外贸英语期末考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "FOB" in international trade refers to:A. Free on BoardB. Free of BoardC. Freight on BoardD. Full of Board2. Which of the following is not a payment term in international trade?A. DAPB. EXWC. DDPD. COD (Cash on Delivery)3. The abbreviation "L/C" stands for:A. Letter of CreditB. Logistics CenterC. Loading CertificateD. Long-term Contract4. In a sales contract, "INCOTERMS" refers to:A. International Commercial TermsB. International Contract TermsC. International Communication TermsD. International Customs Terms5. The "B/L" in international trade documents is:A. Bill of LadingB. Bill of LandingC. Bill of LoadingD. Bill of Ledger二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）6. The standard international trade terms are published by the ________.7. When a seller quotes a price "CIF," it means the price includes ________ and insurance.8. A "proforma invoice" is a preliminary invoice that includes details of the goods, quantities, prices, and________.9. The term "D/P" in international trade refers to "documents against payment," where the documents are released once the ________ is received.10. An "open account" is a trade transaction where the goods are shipped before payment is ________.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. Explain the difference between "CIF" and "CFR" terms in international trade.12. What are the key components of a Letter of Credit (L/C) and why are they important?13. Describe the process of negotiating a sales contract in international trade.四、案例分析题（共30分）14. [Case Study] A Chinese exporter has agreed to sell 10,000 units of a product to a foreign buyer under DAP terms. The buyer has requested to pay via a Letter of Credit (L/C). The exporter is concerned about the risks involved with this transaction. Discuss the following:- What are the risks associated with DAP terms for the exporter?- How can a Letter of Credit mitigate these risks?- What steps should the exporter take to ensure a smooth transaction?五、作文题（共30分）15. Write an essay on the importance of cultural awareness in international business negotiations. Discuss how understanding cultural differences can lead to more successful outcomes in trade agreements.注意：- 请在规定时间内完成所有题目。

2023年外贸英语考试真题答案解析

2023年外贸英语考试真题答案解析考试日期：2023年XX月XX日考试地点：XX考场一、听力部分答案解析本次外贸英语考试听力部分共分为四个部分，每个部分后面都有相应的问题。

以下是各部分的答案解析。

Part 1: 短对话理解1. A: Did you receive the invitation to the trade fair next week?B: Yes, I did. And I plan to attend it with our new products.Q: What will the man do?答案：Attend the trade fair with their new products.解析：根据对话内容可知，男人会带上他们的新产品参加该贸易展览。

2. A: When will the new shipment of goods arrive?B: The tracking information shows that it will be delivered tomorrow.Q: What does the woman imply?答案：The goods will be delivered tomorrow.解析：根据对话内容，女人表示货物将在明天送达。

Part 2: 长对话理解3. A: I heard that there will be some changes in the import policy. Have you checked the new regulations?B: Yes, I did. We need to pay attention to the updated document requirements.Q: What does the man suggest?答案：Pay attention to the updated document requirements.解析：男人建议要注意更新的文件要求。

渤海大学英语一试题期末考试试卷及参考答案

渤海大学英语一试题期末考试试卷及参考答案渤海大学2017级专科第一学期《英语一》试卷(A)题号一二三四总分统分人复核人得分一下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同；找出这个词，并把它前面的大写字母填在左边的括号里。

（20×1分）1. A. walk B. calm C. chalk D. talk2. A. shown B. town C. powder D. flower3. A. weight B. eight C. height D. neighbour4. A. grew B. threw C. sew D. flew5. A. heard B. learn C. heart D. search6. A. rough B. plough C. enough D. tough7. A. lower B. power C. shower D. tower8. A. boot B. troop C. pool D. cook9. A. field B. thief C. belief D. friend10. A. shall B. hall C. fall D. small11. A. break B. heat C. steal D. team12. A. clear B. spear C. fear D. bear13. A. measure B. health C. theatre D. ready14. A. deal B. deaf C. weak D. beat15. A. given B. gather C. gentle D. garden16. A. extra B. example C. exact D. exist17. A. nation B. revolution C. question D. direction18. A. horrible B. holiday C. hospital D. honour19. A. material B. patient C. instant D. active20. A. thunder B. thinker C. though D. thirty二从下面四个答案中选择一个正确的答案。

外贸英语试题推荐及答案

外贸英语试题推荐及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. What is the most common mode of payment in international trade?A. Cash on deliveryB. Letter of CreditC. ConsignmentD. Open account2. Which of the following is NOT a term of international trade?A. FOBB. CIFC. DDPD. CIP3. When is the title of goods transferred to the buyer in a sale?A. When the goods are shippedB. When the goods are paid forC. When the goods are delivered to the carrierD. When the goods reach the destination4. What does "T/T" stand for in international trade?A. Trade TermsB. Transfer of TitleC. Telegraphic TransferD. Trade Transaction5. What is the abbreviation for "Ex Works"?A. EXWB. FCAC. DDPD. CIP6. Which document is required for the export of goods?A. Bill of LadingB. Commercial InvoiceC. Certificate of OriginD. All of the above7. What is the meaning of "CIF" in international trade terms?A. Cost, Insurance, and FreightB. Cost, Insurance, and Freight to the port of destinationC. Cost, Insurance, and Freight to the port of loadingD. Cost, Insurance, and Freight to the port of discharge8. What is the primary purpose of a "Letter of Credit"?A. To ensure the seller delivers the goodsB. To ensure the buyer pays for the goodsC. To provide a guarantee of payment from the buyer's bankD. To provide a guarantee of delivery from the seller's bank9. Which of the following is a risk associated with international trade?A. Currency fluctuationsB. Market demandC. Product qualityD. All of the above10. What does "B/L" stand for in international trade?A. Bill of LadingB. Bill of LoadingC. Bank LetterD. Business License答案：1. B2. D3. C4. C5. A6. D7. A8. C9. D 10. A二、填空题（每题1分，共5分）11. The term "DAP" stands for Delivered at Place, which means the seller has fulfilled their obligations when the goods have been made available at the named place.12. The document that provides evidence of the transaction between the buyer and the seller is the ______.Answer: Commercial Invoice13. In international trade, the term "L/C" refers to a Letter of Credit, which is a document issued by a bank guaranteeing payment to the seller.14. The abbreviation "CFR" stands for Cost and Freight, indicating that the seller pays for the cost and freight necessary to bring the goods to the port of destination.15. The risk of loss or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered to the ______.Answer: carrier三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）16. What are the three main types of Incoterms?Answer: The three main types of Incoterms are E Terms (Seller's Terms), D Terms (Buyer's Terms), and C Terms (Carrier's Terms), which define the responsibilities of the buyer and seller for the costs and risks associated with the transport and delivery of goods.17. Explain the difference between a "Proforma Invoice" and a "Commercial Invoice".Answer: A Proforma Invoice is a preliminary invoice that provides the buyer with the details of the goods, quantities, and prices, and is often used for customs purposes or as a preliminary agreement between the buyer and seller. A Commercial Invoice, on the other hand, is the official document that accompanies the shipment, detailing the transaction and is used for customs clearance and payment settlement.四、论述题（每题15分，共15分）18. Discuss the importance of understanding different payment terms in international trade and provide examples of at least two payment terms.Answer: Understanding different payment terms in international trade is crucial as it helps to manage the financial risks associated with cross-border transactions. Payment terms define the conditions under which payment is to be made, and they can affect the cash flow and profitability of the business. For example, "Cash in Advance" (CiA) is a payment term where the buyer pays the full amount before the goods are shipped, reducing the seller's risk but may not。

2020-2021大学《国际贸易学》(双语)期末课程考试试卷A(含答案)

2020-2021《国际贸易学》（双语）期末课程考试试卷A本试卷适用于。

试卷所需时间120分钟。

一、单项选择题：（共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）1. Which of the following says that any dollar of gain or loss will be equally valued, regardless of who experiences it?A.Consumer surplusB.Producer surplusC.ArbitrageD.One-dollar, one-vote metric2. Consider a typical two-country model. In the exporting country, consumers will be ______ and producers will be______ with the opening of international trade. A. Happy; happy B. Unhappy; happy C. Unhappy; unhappy D. Happy; unhappy3. The author of the Wealth of Nations was:A. David RicardoB. Paul SamuelsonC. Adam SmithD. Karl Marx4. The theory of comparative advantage was first presented by: A. Adam Smith B. Karl MarxC. David RicardoD. Eli Heckscher5. The theory that predicts that trade occurs because of differences in the availability of factor inputs across countries and the differences in the proportions in which the factor inputs are used in producing different products is called:A. The Stolper-Samuelson theoryB. The Heckscher-Ohlin theoryC. Comparative advantageD. Absolute advantage6. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem would predict that trade between the United States, a capital-abundant country, and Mexico, a labor-abundant country, should lead to:A. Higher wages in both countriesB. Lower wages in both countriesC. Higher wages in MexicoD. Lower wages in Mexico7. If the domestic country is labor abundant, which of the following groups will gain in the short-run, but lose in the long-run? A. Domestic landowners in the farming sectorB. Domestic landowners in the cloth-making sectorC. Foreign landowners in the farming sectorD. Foreign workers in the cloth-making sector 8. Immiserizing growth effect can occur when:A. A large country experiences a growth in the production of its export-oriented goods.B. There is a decline in the research and development investments in a large country.C. The terms of trade of a small country decline.D. The import-competing goods are overproduced in a large country.9. Which of the following is the value of the difference between exports and imports for a product? tradeB.Intra-industry tradeC.Product differentiationD.Returns to scale 10. China is a net importer of:A. Shoes and other footwearB. Scientific equipmentC. ToysD. Clothing and accessories11. The clustering of some industries, such as banking and finance in New York City and high-technology computer production in Silicon Valley, can be explained by: A. External scale economies. B. Monopolistic competition. C. Intra-industry trade. D. The demand for variety. 12. If a small country imposes a tariff on imported motorcycles, the world price of motorcycles will _____ and the domestic price of motorcycles will _____. A. Rise; rise B. Fall; riseC. Stay constant; riseD. Stay constant; fall13. If a country with monopsony (买方垄断) power imposes a tariff on imported farm equipment, the world price of farm equipment will: A. Fall B. Rise院系：专业班级：姓名：学号：装订线C. Be unaffectedD. Become equal to the domestic price of farm equipment. 14. A nontariff barrier operates by: A. Limiting the quantity of imports.B. Increasing the cost of getting imports to market.C. Creating uncertainty about the conditions under which imports will be permitted.D. All of the above.15. One of the reasons that protectionists and government officials may favor using a quota instead of a tariff is:A. Quotas generate more revenue for the government than do tariffs.B. A quota ensures that the quantity of imports is strictly limited.C. Quotas create less market distortions than do tariffs.D. Quotas give less power to politicians than do tariffs.16. Which of the following subsidies is prohibited under WTO rules? A. Subsidies to research and development.B. Subsidies to assist disadvantaged regions within the exporting country.C. Subsidies that are used to assist firms in meeting environmental regulations.D. Subsidies that are used to encourage firms to export more.17. Which of the following allows member countries to import from other member countries freely, but imposes trade barriers against imports from outside countries? A. A trade embargo B. A trade bloc C. The most favored nation principle D. Trade creation 18. Which of the following features does a customs union have? I. Free trade among the members. II. Common external tariffs.III. Free movement of factors of production. IV. Harmonization of all economic policies.A. IB. I and IIC. I, II, and IIID. I, II, III, and IV19. Which of the following is a free-trade area that includes the United States, Mexico, and Canada?A. NAFTAB. MERCOSURC. EUD. ASEAN 20. When a large country imposes an import quota:A. World prices rise.B. World prices fall.C. Domestic prices fall.D. Domestic production falls.21. Which of the following countries provides government supports to its farmers? A. The United States B. JapanC. The European UnionD. All of the above22. Which of the following states that any trade concession given to any foreign country must be given to all other countries having the same status? A.A trade embargo B.A trade bloc C.The most favored nation principle D.Trade creation23. China’s policies towards FDI _____ inv estments that bring in advanced technology, _____investments that use old technologies and_____ investments in traditional Chinese crafts.A. Encourage; encourage; prohibitB. Discourage; encourage; encourageC. Encourage; discourage; prohibitD. Discourage; discourage; encourage24. ______ is the movement of people from one country to another country in which they plan to reside for some noticeable period of time.A. Domestic tradeB. International tradeC. Internal migrationD. International migration25. Which of the following has overseen the global rules of government policy toward international trade since 1995?A. World Trade OrganizationB. General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeC. International Monetary FundD. World Bank二、判断题（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1. The value of foreign trade is the total amount of a nation’s foreign trade, i.e. the total amount of import and export (of goods) within a certain period. Then the value of international trade is the total value of foreign trade of all countries throughout the world.2. While international trade will benefit both the importing and exporting country in a two-country world, the gains from trade in the exporting country will usually be greater than the gains from trade in the importing country.3. Free trade is a zero-sum activity. That is, one county always gains and the other always loses from free trade.：专业班级：姓名：学号：装订线4. Mercantilists believe that when one country benefited from international trade it was at the expense of another country or countries.5. In the two-country, two-good model, both countries can gain from trade as long as their relative advantages and disadvantages in producing different goods are different.6. Factor-price equalization theory predicts that the price of labor and land within a country will equalize.7. In the short-run after trade opens, wages and land rents can be expected to rise in the expanding sector.8. It is possible for a large country to be better off, worse off, or no better off/no worse off as a result of a tariff being imposed.9. The use of a trade restriction by one country can cause other countries to retaliate, and may lead to a trade war in which all countries use high import barriers.10. Antidumping duties increase economic well-being in the United States by protecting import-competing firms.三、计算分析题（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）(1) For each product for Japan, calculate the IIT share.(2) Japan is an importer of large civilian aircraft. What economic theory or concept best explain s this aspect of Japan’s trade?2. Suppose that $80 of imported wool (input) goes into the domestic production of a suit(final commodity). Suppose also that the free trade price of the suit is $100, but thenation imposes a 10% nominal tariff on each imported suit. The price of suits to domestic consumers would be $110.(a) Suppose that no tariff is imposed on the imported wool. (b) Suppose that the tariff rate on the imported wool is 10%. (c) Suppose that the tariff rate on the imported wool is 12%. (d) Suppose that the tariff rate on the imported wool is 20%. (1) Calculate the ERP for the domestic suits industry. (2) Interpret the meaning of this calculated ERP.四、简答题（共4小题，每小题8分，共32分）1. “According to Ricardo’s analysis, a country exports any good whose production requires fewer labor hours per unit than the labor hours per unit needed to produce the good in the foreign country. That is, the country exports any good in which its labor productivity is higher than the labor productivity for this good in the foreign country.” Do you agree or disagree? Why?2. A free-trade equilibrium exists in which the United States exports machinery and imports clothing from the rest of the world. The goods are produced with two factors: capital and labor. The trade pattern is the one predicted by the H-O theory. An increase now occurs in the U.S. endowment of capital, its abundant factor.a. What is the effect on the shape and position of the U.S. production-possibility curve?b. What is the effect on the actual production quantities in the United States if the product price ratio is unchanged? Explain.3. What are the two official definitions of dumping? Under the Anti-Dumping Agreement, under what circumstances, WTO Members can impose anti-dumping measures?4. How are trade creation and trade diversion defined, and what roles do they play in the world gains and losses from a trade bloc?五、论述题（共1小题，共13分）1. A country currently prohibits any FDI into the country. Its government is considering liberalizing this policy. You have been hired as a consultant to a group of foreign firms that wants to see the policy loosed. They ask you to prepare a report on the major arguments for why the country should liberalize the policy. What will your report say?专业班级：姓名：学号：装订线2020-2021《国际贸易学》（双语）期末课程考试试卷A 答案二、判断题：（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）三、计算分析题（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）1. (1) Here is the calculation for perfumes: M X IIT --=||1=016.0|2422|1=--(2) The theory based on substantial scale economies, for the world, two firms produce large civilian aircraft. Boeing produces most of its aircraft in the U.S., and Airbus in Europe. It would be very difficult for a Japanese firm to achieve sufficient scale if it tried to enter into aircraft production. With no local production, Japan imports large civilian aircraft. （3分）2. (1) According to the formula ERP=[(t-a i t i )/(1-a i )]×100%, or ERP=[(V’-V)/V]×100%, we can get the following answers:(a) If t i =0%, we have ERP=50%（2分）；(b) If t i =10%, we have ERP=10% （2分）；(c) If t i =12%, we have ERP=2%（2分）；(d) If t i =20%, we have ERP=－30%（2分）(2) ①If t>t i , ERP>t; ②If t=t i , ERP=t; ③If t<t i , ERP<t ; ④If t i becomes extremely high, then ERP will become negative. （2分）四、简答题（共4小题，每小题8分，共32分）1. Disagree. This statement describes absolute advantage. It would imply that a country that has a higher labor productivity in all goods would export all goods and import nothing.（2分）Ricardo instead showed that mutually beneficial trade is based on comparative advantage —trading according to maximum relative advantage.（3分）The country will export those goods whose relative labor productivity (relative to the other country and relative to other goods) is high, and import those other goods whose relative labor productivity is low.（3分）2. a. The entire U.S. production-possibilities curve shifts out, with the outward shift relatively larger for t he good that is intensive in capital. If the U.S. trade pattern follows the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, then this good is machinery. Growth is biased toward machinery production. （4分）b. According to the Rybczynski theory, the quantity produced of machinery increases and the quantity produced of clothing decreases if the product price ratio is unchanged. The extra capital is employed in producing more machinery, and the machinery industry must also employ some extra labor to use with the extra capital. The extra labor is drawn from the clothing industry, so clothing production declines. （4分）3. One definition of dumping is selling an export at a price lower than the price charged to domestic buyers of the product within the exporting country. This definition emphasizes international price discrimination.(2分)The second definition is selling an export at a price that is lower than the full average cost of the product plus a reasonable profit margin.(2分)(1) Dumping is occurring;(1分) (2) The domestic industry producing the like product is suffering material injury or threat of material injury.(2分) (3) There is a causal link between the two.(1分)4. (1) Trade creation is the increase in total imports resulting from the formation of a trade bloc. Trade creation occurs because importing from the partner country lowers the price in the importing country, so that some high-cost domestic production is replaced by lower-priced imports from the partner, and because the lower price increased the total quantity demanded in the importing country. （2分）Trade diversion is the replacement of imports from lower-cost suppliers outside the trade bloc with higher-cost imports from the partner. It occurs because the outside suppliers remain hindered by tariffs, while there is no tariff on imports from the partner. （2分）(2) Trade creation creates a gain for the importing country and the world. Trade diversion creates a loss for the importing country and the world.（2分）The importing country and the world gain from the trade bloc if trade creation gains exceed trade diversion losses. （2分）五、论述题（共1小题，共13分）1. Key points that should be included in the report.(1) FDI brings new technologies into the country.（1分）(2) FDI brings new managerial practices into the country.（1分）(3) FDI brings marketing capabilities into the country. These can be used to better meet the needs of the local market. They may be particularly important in expanding the country’s exports by improving the international marketing of products produced by the multinational firms that begin production in the country.（3分）(4) FDI brings financial capital into the country, and expands the country’s ability to invest in domestic production capabilities.（2分）(5) The local affiliates of the multinationals raise labor skills by training local workers.（1分）(6) Technological spillover benefits accrue to the country as it hosts FDI, because some of themultinationals’ technology, managerial practices, and marketing capabilities spread to local firms as they learn about and imitate the multinational’s intangible assets. Taken together, these first six items serve to increas e the country’s supply-side capabilities for producing (and selling) goods and services.（3分）(7) In addition, the country’s government can gain tax revenues by taxing the profits of the local affiliates established by the foreign multinationals.（2分）。

2020-2021大学《国际贸易学》(双语)期末课程考试试卷B(含答案)

第 1 页共 4 页2020-2021《国际贸易学》（双语）期末课程考试试卷B本试卷适用于试卷所需时间120分钟。

闭卷考试，总分100分。

考试日期：题号一二三四五总分分数评卷人一、单项选择题：（共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）1. Which of the following is NOT true about mercantilism?A. Under mercantilism, exports were encouraged and imports were discouraged.B. Mercantilists believed that one country’s gains from trade came at the expense of another country or countries’ well being.C. Domestic producers were often hurt by mercantilism.D. Mercantilism focused on the accumulation of gold and silver bullion.2. When a nation requires fewer resources than another nation to produce a product, the nation is said to have a(n):A. Absolute advantage in the production of the productB. Comparative advantage in the production of the productC. Lower marginal rate of transformation for the productD. Lower opportunity cost of producing the product3. If a country exports the good that it can produce at a low opportunity cost and imports those goods that it would otherwise produce at a high opportunity cost, we say that such trade is based upon:A. Absolute advantageB. ArbitrageC. Labor productivity differencesD. Comparative advantage4. When a nation is in autarky and maximizes its living standard, its consumption and production points are:A. Above the production possibilities frontierB. Along the production possibilities frontierC. Beneath the production possibilities frontierD. Any of the above5. The theory that predicts that trade occurs because of differences in the availability of factor inputs across countries and the differences in the proportions in which the factor inputs are used in producing different products is called: A. The Stolper-Samuelson theory. B. Comparative advantage C. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory D. Absolute advantage6. Given the assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the opening of trade in a land-abundant country will cause the domestic price of wheat to: A. Fall B. RiseC. Be unaffectedD. At first rise but then fall back to its original level 7. When a large country imposes an import quota:A. World prices rise.B. World prices fall.C. Domestic prices fall.D. Domestic production falls.8. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem states that given certain assumptions and conditions:A. The real return to the factor used intensively in the import-competing industry will rise in the long-run.B. The real return to the factor used intensively in the export industry will fall in the long-run.C. The real return to the factor used in the rising price industry will rise in the long-run.D. The real return to the factor used intensively in the export industry will rise in the long-run.9. Referring to Figure 2.1, the relative cost of steel in terms of aluminum is: A. 4.0 tons B. 2.0 tons C. 0.5 tons D. 0.25 tons 10. According to the factor-price-equalization theorem, free trade equalizes:A. Product prices as well as the prices of individual factors of production between two countries.B. Product prices between two countries but not the prices of individual factors of production.院系：专业班级：姓名：学号：装订线第 2 页共 4 页C. Product prices between two countries and factor prices within each country but not between countries.D. Product prices and factor prices within each country but not between countries. 11. Assume that Country A, in the absence of trade, finds itself relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory reasons that with free trade, the internal distribution of national income in Country A will change in favor of:A. LaborB. LandC. Both labor and landD. Neither labor nor land 12. A rise in the price of imports or a fall in the price of exports will:A. Expand the production possibilities frontierB. Improve the terms of tradeC. Contract the production possibilities frontierD. Worsen the terms of trade 13. Which of the following would least likely apply to the product life cycle theory? A. Calculators and computers B. Coal and crude oil C. Home movie cameras D. Office machinery14. When Wassily Leontief tested the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, he found that in 1947 the United States was exporting relatively labor-intensive goods and importing relatively capital-intensive goods. This finding:A. Contradicted the Heckscher-Ohlin theory as the United States was relatively capital-abundant.B. Contradicted the Heckscher-Ohlin theory as the United States was relatively labor-abundant.C. Was never duplicated by other studies and has thus been labeled a paradox.D. Fit the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory concerning the trading patterns of a capital-abundant country.15. The author of the Wealth of Nations was:A. David RicardoB. Paul SamuelsonC. Adam SmithD. Karl Marx16. Which of the following is the formula for a product’s intra -industry trade (IIT) share?A. 1 – |X - M |B. 1 - (X + M)C. 1 – [ |X - M | / (X + M)]D. 1 – [ |X + M | / (X - M)]17. Suppose that there are only two types of traded commodities: industrial products and primary products. Which of the following changes in global market conditions would be necessary in order for countries that export primary products to experience “immiserizing growth”?A. The global price of industrial products would have to rise.B. The global price of primary goods would have to fall relative to the global price of industrial goods.C. The supply of primary products would have to rise.D. The supply of industrial goods would have to fall.18. When company X doubled its output, it found that its cost per unit had fallen by 10%. We can therefore conclude:A. It enjoys external scale economies.B. It enjoys internal scale economies.C. Demand for its product is elastic.D. It has a comparative advantage in production.19. The United States and Canada produce trees using labor and land. Initially, Canada has fewer workers per acre than the United States. The countries share the same technology. Consider the effects of allowing labor to move freely between the two countries. Then the wage in Canada will _________.A. fallB. riseC. remains unchangedD. A or C.20. If a small country imposes a tariff on imported motorcycles, the world price of motorcycles will __________ and the domestic price of motorcycles will __________. A. Rise; rise B. Fall; rise C. Stay constant; rise D. Stay constant; fall 21. A non-tariff barrier operates by: A. Limiting the quantity of importsB. Increasing the cost of getting imports to market.C. Creating uncertainty about the conditions under which imports will be permitted.D. All of the above.22. When the value of a nation's exports exceeds the value of its imports, the nation is said to haveA. Trade dependencyB. Trade surplusC. Trade deficitD. Trade debit 23. With respect to forms of "regional economic integration": A. a "customs union" is more integrated than a "common market" B. a "free trade area" is more integrated than an "economic union" C. a common market is the most complete form of integrationD. customs unions do not permit free flow of factors of production across member country borders24. One of the reasons that protectionists and government officials may favor using a quota instead of a tariff is:A. Quotas generate more revenue for the government than do tariffs.B. A quota ensures that the quantity of imports is strictly limited.C. Quotas create less market distortions than do tariffs.院系：专业班级：姓名：学号：装订线第 3 页共 4 页D. Quotas give less power to politicians than do tariffs.25. In the last completed round of trade negotiation (the Uruguay Round), an agreement regarding the services trade was achieved. This agreement is _____________.A. GATTB. WTOC. GATSD. CATS二、判断题（T/F ）：（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1. Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage relied on the labor theory of value.2. In the two-country, two-good model, both countries can gain from trade as long as their relative advantages and disadvantages in producing different goods are different.3. While China’s exports are consistent with the predictions of the Heckscher -Ohlin theory, her imports are not.4. The value of foreign trade is the total amount of a nation’s foreign trade, i.e. the total amount of import and export (of goods) within a certain period. Then the value of international trade is the total value of foreign trade of all countries throughout the world.5. Net trade for a product is the value of the difference between exports and imports for that product.6. It is possible for a large country to be better off, worse off, or no better off/no worse off as a result of a tariff being imposed.7. More price supports and subsidies are provided to agriculture worldwide than any other sector of the economy.8. Strategic trade policy is a government policy whereby a subsidy is provided in order to help the domestic firm win a trade battle in an oligopolistic market. 9. FDI outflows have a positive impact on workers in the home country.10. Buyer’s cre dit refers to the credit provided by the buyer’s bank for promoting import of foreign products.三、计算分析题（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）1. The equation for the demand curve for writing paper in Belgium is Q D =350-(P/2) or P=700-2Q D . The equation for the supply curve for writing paper in Belgium is Q S =-200+5P or P=40+(Q S /5).a. What are the equilibrium price and quantity if there is no international trade?b. What are the equilibrium quantities for Belgium if the nation can trade freely with the rest of the world at a price of 120?c. What is the effect of the shift from no trade to free trade on Belgium consumer surplus? On Belgium producer surplus? What is the net national gain or loss for Belgium?2. Suppose that under free trade a final commodity F has a price of $ 20 and the price of the only input A to commodity F is $ 10. Now consider the following four situations where protective tariffs exist.(a) Suppose that the tariff rate on the final good F is 20%, and no tariff rate on input A. (b) Suppose that the tariff rates on both the final good F and the input A are both 20%. (c) Suppose that the tariff rate on the final good F and the input A is 20% and 30% respectively.(d) Suppose that the tariff rate on the final good F and the input A is 20% and 60% respectively.(1) Calculate the ERP for the domestic industry producing good F. (2) Interpret the meaning of this calculated ERP.四、简答题（共4小题，每小题8分，共32分）1. What is intra-industry trade? Is intra-industry trade consistent with the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory? Clearly explain why it is or is not consistent with Heckscher-Ohlin.2. What is the economic definition of dumping? If the importing country suspects dumping, what action can be taken?3. What is GSP? What are its principles?4. What factors should be considered in determining whether a firm should sell to foreign buyers by exporting from its home country or by setting up local production in the foreign country to produce the products that are sold to foreign consumers? When identifying these factors, clearly explain how and why they push the decision toward one or the other of the two available choices.五、论述题（共1小题，共13分）1. “Trade blocs are good for economic well-being and countries should try to join them.” Do you agree or disagree? Why? In your answer, discuss the role of trade creation and trade diversion. What other gains may arise in a country that chooses to join a trade bloc?系：专业班级：姓名：学号：装订线2020-2021《国际贸易学》（双语）期末课程考试试卷B答案1. a. With no international trade, equilibrium requires Q D=Q S. Setting the two equations equal to each other, we can find the equilibrium price with no trade: 350-(P/2)= -200+5P. The equilibrium no-trade price is P=100. Using one of the equations, we find that the no-trade quantity is 300. （3分）b. At a price of 120, Belgium’s quantity demanded is 290, and its quantity supplied is 400. With free trade Belgium exports 110 units. （3分）c. Belgian consumer surplus declines. With no trade it is a larger triangle below the demand curve and above the 100 price line. With free trade it is a smaller triangle below the demand curve and above the 120 price line. Belgian producer surplus increases. With no trade it is smaller triangle above the supply curve and below the 100 price line. With free trade it is a larger triangle above the supply curve and below the 120 price line. The net national gain from trade is the difference between the gain of producer surplus and the loss of consumer surplus. This gain is a triangle whose base is the quantity trade (110) and whose height is the change in price (120-100=20) so the total gain is 1100.（4分）2. (1) According to the formula ERP=[(t-a i t i)/(1-a i)]×100%, or ERP=[(V’-V)/V]×100%, we can get the following answers: (a) If the tariff rate on the final good F is 20%, and no tariff rate on input A, we have ERP=40%.（2分）(b) If the tariff rates on both the final good F and the input A are both 20%, we have ERP=20%.（2分）(c) If the tariff rate on the final good F and the input A is 20% and 30% respectively, we have ERP=10%.（2分）(d) If the tariff rate on the final good F and the input A is 20% and 60% respectively, we have ERP=-20%（2分）(2) If t>t i, ERP>t; If t=t i, ERP=t; If t<t i, ERP<t; If t i becomes extremely high, ERP will become negative.（2分）四、简答题（共4小题，每小题8分，共32分）1. Intra industry trade is a trade in which a country both exports and imports the same or a very similar product. Intra-industry trade is not generally consistent with the Heckscher-Ohlin theory. （2分）The Heckscher-Ohlin theory predicts that countries will export goods that extensively use their abundant resources and will import goods that extensively use their scarce resource. （2分）The Heckscher-Ohlin theory is suited to explain trade between developing and industrialized countries because they differ in their endowments of production resources. （2分）The Heckscher-Ohlin theory fails to explain why we observe so much trade among industrialized countries: 70% of the exports of industrialized countries go to other industrialized countries.（2分）2. Dumping is selling exports at a price below the normal value (or fair market value). （2分）There are two definitions of normal value. The traditional definition of normal value is the price charged in the home market. Dumping in this case means international price discrimination. （2分）The second definition of normal value is the average cost of production. Under this second definition dumping is selling goods abroad at a price below average production cost. （2分）If a country can show foreign producers dump into their market and injury results, the country can impose antidumping measures. （2分）3. GSP: is a system currently in place where a large number of DCs permit duty-free entry of a selected list of products if those products are imported from particular LDCs. （2分）(1) Generalized: Industrialized countries give this treatment to all the manufactured or semi-manufactured goods of LDCs.（2分）(2) Non-discriminatory: Industrialized countries give this treatment to all LDCs, without exception.（2分）(3) Non reciprocal: The LDCs do not reciprocate; they needn’t grant goods from developed nations similar special treatment. （2分）4. When transport costs and trade barriers are low, the MNE can use FDI to reduce total costs by locating different stages of overall production in different countries. For example design and development can be located in the home country while other stages of production can be located according to the country’s cost advantage. （4分）FDI and exports can sometimes be complements or substitutes depending on whether the foreign affiliates undertake the same kind of production as the parent firm. When transport costs and trade barriers are high, the choice would tilt toward FDI. Most studies, however, conclude that FDI is complementary to international trade as parts of the product line must be imported. （4分）五、论述题（共1小题，共13分）1. POSSIBLE RESPONSE: In general, the formation of trade blocs does not always lead to an improvement of economic welfare worldwide, or even within the country. （2分）On the one hand, the formation of trade blocs seems to imply a removal of trade barriers and thus a step toward free trade (trade creation). This is beneficial to consumers in the country as it leads to lower consumer prices, higher trade volumes, and higher consumer surplus. （3分）On the other hand, the formation of trade blocs might lead to shifting of imports to less efficient foreign producers who gain an advantage over more efficient producers in countries that are not members of the trade bloc. （2分）This shifting of imports is called trade diversion and creates a welfare loss for the member country. Whether or not a country gains from joining a trade bloc depends on the benefits from trade creation, the losses from trade diversion, and the possible gains from an array of other effects that may be difficult to quantify. Let us discuss in more detail these additional possible sources of benefits. （3分）First, an increase in competition can reduce prices. If before the formation of the bloc firms in the different countries had monopoly power in each national market, when national markets are joined in a bloc-wide market, firms must compete with each other. Prices are likely to move closer to marginal costs. （2分）Second, an increase in competition can lower costs of production. The increased level of competition increases the pressure on firms to implement new technologies and minimize costs. （2分）Third, firms can lower costs by expanding their scale of production. Before the formation of a bloc, each firm may have been limited to serving only its national market. If scale economies are substantial, the expansion of the firm in the bloc-wide market will lower its cost of production. （2分）第 4 页共4 页。

渤海大学英语学位考试真题

渤海大学英语学位考试真题Studying for the English degree exam at Bohai University has been a challenging but rewarding experience. It has not only expanded my language skills, but also broadened my understanding of different cultures and ways of thinking. The exam itself is a culmination of all the hard work and dedication put into mastering the English language.参加渤海大学英语学位考试是一次具有挑战性但有价值的经历。

这不仅拓展了我的语言能力，还拓宽了我对不同文化和思维方式的理解。

考试本身是对学习英语语言所付出的所有努力和奉献的结晶。

One of the key aspects of preparing for the English degree exam is developing strong reading and writing skills. Reading a variety of texts, from literature to academic articles, helps to improve comprehension and vocabulary. Writing essays and reports allows for the application of learned grammar and sentence structure in a practical setting.准备英语学位考试的关键之一是培养良好的阅读和写作技巧。

外贸英语会话

b. With view of … in
c. In view of ...to
d. With view of … to
8. Sometimes it makes things easier _______ the seller to arrange the shipping space.
a. to
b. with c. for d. into
得分阅卷人 III. Translate the foreign trade terms into Chinese.每( 小题 1 分，共 15 分)
第 1页共 2页
a. in b. on
c. with
d. out
2. I usually get a 5% commission ________ my supply ________ my imports.
a. from … for
b. from … to
c. to… from d. for … to
3. May I know what particular items you are interested ________.
a. to be position b. in a position c. to a position d. on a position
12. Would you like to pay ____ our exports in Renminbi?
a. in b. on c. for d. to
13. Let us have your L/C ___ this order one month ________ shipment.
10. To meet you half way, what do you say _____ D/A ____ 60 days ’sight?