2014年常州大学881管理学考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题
2014年对外经济贸易大学公共管理学院881行政管理综合考研真题(含部分答案)【圣才出品】
2014年对外经济贸易大学公共管理学院881行政管理综合考研真题（含部分答案）对外经济贸易大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试初试试题考试科目：881行政管理综合一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1．行政国家答：行政国家首先是指一种国家公共行政职能现象，其次是指一种国家公共权力现象，同时也是指一种公共事务管理现象，主要指19世纪末、20世纪初，与垄断的进程相一致，尤其是第二次世界大战以后，在资本主义国家立法、司法、行政三权分立的国家权力主体的关系中，行政权力和活动扩展，具有制定同议会立法效力相当的行政命令权和制定同法院判决效力相近的行政裁判权，大量直接管理和介入国家事务和社会事务，从而起着最活跃和最强有力国家作用的一种国家现象。
“行政国家”作为一种学术研究的概念和理论最早由美国行政学家德怀特·沃尔多于1948年发表、1984年再版的《行政国家：美国行政学的政治理论研究》一书中提出，经过弗里茨·马克斯于1957年发表的《行政国家：科层体制概论》等研究成果的发展，已经成为一种确认的理论和公共行政的研究领域。
2．治理理论答：治理理论既是对社会科学传统范式的一种反思，亦是对经济全球化浪潮的一种反映，其主要内容是：①重视社会管理力量多元化。
治理理论强调（处于市场与政府之间的）第三领域及其相应的第三部门管理社会的必要性。
②重新定位政府角色。
治理理论认为，在新的社会治理结构中，政府充当元治理的角色，应当被视为“同辈中的长者”，承担指导责任和确立行为准则的责任。
③倡导网络管理体系。
网络管理体系即治理的社会。
共识、共治、共享是这个网络管理体系的明显的特征，市场原则、公共利益、社会认同之上的政治国家与公民社会的合作、政府与非政府组织的合作、公共机构与私人机构的合作、强制与自愿的结合等广泛的合作，是这个网络管理体系运作的基本路径。
3．行政主体答：行政主体，是指依法享有国家行政权力，以自己名义实施行政管理活动，并独立承担由此产生的法律责任的组织。
2014年研究生入学考试管理类联考英语二真题(完整电子版)DOC
2014年管理类联考英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes _15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesityinclude laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unless [C] since [D] while11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] qualify [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] compared[B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with thesematerial purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22. The au thor’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money[A]has left much room for readers’criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how the looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing.Knowing th e results of Epley ’s study, it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore, is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles aredishonest,says Catalina Toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______[A] rapid watching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusions29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can _____.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional life styles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sidesText 3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reasonwhy these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be "tightly scripted" and "highly standardized" ones that leave no room for "individual initiative or creativity." In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination "to respond to unexpected events." That's not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, "how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?"31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would _____.[A]ease the competition of man vs. machine[B]highlight machines’threat to human jobs[C]provoke a painful technological revolution[D]outmode our current economic structure32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that _____.[A]technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities[B]automation is accelerating technological development[C]certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D]man will finally win the race against machine33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often ___ .[A]performed by innovative minds[B]scripted with an individual style[C]standardized without a clear target[D]designed against human creativity34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed ___ .[A]the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B]the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C]the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D]the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]How to Innovate Our Work Practices[B]Machines will Replace Human Labor[C]Can We Win the Race Against Machines[D]Economic Downturns Stimulate InnovationsText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra newhomes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.36. The author believes that the housing sector__.[A] has attracted much attention[B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__.[A] increased its home supply[B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.[A] allow greater government debt for housing[B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40. The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]stop generous funding to the housing sectorPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of eland itself as their medium.The British land artist, typified by Richard Long’s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long’s photograph of his work is the work. Since his “action”is in the past the photograph is its sole embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects. Long is Britain’s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stand for its dirty, urban aspect.Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterizes most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard’s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at b y a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn’t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman’s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape pain ting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can’t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. At typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly y scaled exhibition wasn’t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated lightconceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.A. originates from a long walk that the artist took.41.Stone Circle B.illustrates a kind of landscape orientated light conceptual art42.Olaf Street Study C.reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition43.Across the Park D. represents the elegance of the British land art44.Towards Avebury E. depicts the ordinary side of the British land art45.Seven Days F.embodies a romantic escape into the Scottish outdoorsG. contains images from different parts of the same photograph Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himselfthat mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter. Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with john a local student ,write him an email to1)tells him, about your living habit ,and2)ask for advice for living thereYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 Points)Part B48.Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)。
2014管理类联考综合真题及答案解析
2014年管理类综合能力真题及解析一、问题求解：第1～15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1. 某部门在一次联欢活动中共设了26个奖，奖品均价为280元，其中一等奖单价为400元，其他奖品均价为270元，一等奖的个数为( )(A)6 (B)5 (C)4 (D)3 (E)22. 某单位进行办公室装修，若甲、乙两个装修公司合做，需10周完成，工时费为100万元;甲公司单独做6周后由乙公司接着做18周完成，工时费为96万元.甲公司每周的工时费为( )(A)7.5万元(B)7万元(C)6.5万元(D)6万元(E)5.5万元二、条件充分性判断：第16~25小题，每小题3分，共30分。
要求判断每题给出的条件(1)和条件(2)能否充分支持题干所陈述的结论。
A、B、C、D、E五个选项为判断结果，请选择一项符合试题要求的判断，在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
(A)条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分.(B)条件(2)充分，但条件(1)不充分.(C)条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分.(D)条件(1)充分，条件(2)也不充分.(E)条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分.16. 已知曲线l:y=a+bx-6x2+x3.则(a+b-5)(a-b-5)=0.(1)曲线l过点(1，0).(2)曲线l过点(-1，0).17. 不等式|x2+2x+a|≤1的解集为空集.(1)a<0.(2)a>2.18. 甲、乙、丙三人的年龄相同.(1)甲、乙、丙的年龄成等差数列.(2)甲、乙、丙的年龄成等比数列.19. 设x是非零实数.则x3+=18.(1)x+=3.(2)x2+=7.20. 如图4,O是半圆的圆心，C是半圆上的一点，OD⊥AC,则能确定OD的长.(1)已知BC的长.(2)已知AO的长.21. 方程x2+2(a+b)x+c2=0有实根.(1)a,b,c是一个三角形的三边长.(2)实数a,c,b成等差数列.22. 已知二次函数f(x)=ax2+bx+c.则能确定a,b,c的值.(1)曲线y=f(x)经过点(0,0)和点(1,1).(2)曲线y=f(x)与直线y=a+b相切.23. 已知袋中装有红、黑、白三种颜色的球若干个.则红球最多.(1)随机取出的一球是白球的概率为.第3 页共27 页(2)随机取出的两球中至少有一个黑球的概率小于.24. 已知M={a,b,c,d,e}是一个整数集合.则能确定集合M.(1)a,b,c,d,e的平均值为10.(2)a,b,c,d,e的方差为2.25. 已知x,y为实数.则x2+y2≥1.(1)4y-3x≥5.(2)(x-1)2+(y-1)2≥5.三、逻辑推理：第26～55小题，每小题2分，共60分。
2014年管理类联考真题及答案
考研管理类联考真题20141～15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
下列每题给出的A、B、C、一、问题求解：第D、E五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1. 某部门在一次联欢活动中共设了26个奖，奖品均价为280元，其中一等奖单价为400元，其他奖品均价为270元，一等奖的个数为（）（A）6 （B）5 （C）4 （D）3 （E）22. 某单位进行办公室装修，若甲、乙两个装修公司合做，需10周完成，工时费为100万元；甲公司单独做6周后由乙公司接着做18周完成，工时费为96万元.甲公司每周的工时费为（）（A）7.5万元（B）7万元（C）6.5万元（D）6万元（E）元万5.514. 某工厂在半径为5cm的球形工艺品上镀一层装饰金属，厚度为0.01cm.已知装饰金属的原材料是棱长为20cm的正方体锭子，则加工10 000个该工艺品需要的锭子数最少为（不考虑加工损耗，）15. 某单位决定对4个部门的经理进行轮岗，要求每位经理必须轮换到4个部门中的其他部门任职，则不同的轮岗方案有（A）3种（B）6种（C）8种（D）9种（E）10种二、条件充分性判断：第16~25小题，每小题3分，共30分。
要求判断每题给出的条件（1）和条件（2）能否充分支持题干所陈述的结论。
A、B、C、D、E五个选项为判断结果，请选择一项符合试题要求的判断，在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
（A）条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分..）不充分1）充分，但条件（2）条件（B（．（C）条件（1）和（2）单独都不充分，但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分. （D）条件（1）充分，条件（2）也不充分.（E）条件（1）和（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分.16. 已知曲线l:y=a+bx-6x2+x3.则(a+b-5)(a-b-5)=0.（1）曲线l过点（1，0）.（2）曲线l过点（-1，0）.17. 不等式|x2+2x+a|≤1的解集为空集.（1）a<0.（2）a>2.18. 甲、乙、丙三人的年龄相同.（1）甲、乙、丙的年龄成等差数列.（2）甲、乙、丙的年龄成等比数列.19. 设x是非零实数.则x3+=18.（1）x+=3.（2）x2+=7.20. 如图4,O是半圆的圆心，C是半圆上的一点，OD⊥AC,则能确定OD的长.（1）已知BC的长.（2）已知AO的长.21. 方程x2+2(a+b)x+c2=0有实根.（1）a,b,c是一个三角形的三边长.（2）实数a,c,b成等差数列.22. 已知二次函数f(x)=ax2+bx+c.则能确定a,b,c的值.（1）曲线y=f(x)经过点(0,0)和点(1,1).（2）曲线y=f(x)与直线y=a+b相切.23. 已知袋中装有红、黑、白三种颜色的球若干个.则红球最多..）随机取出的一球是白球的概率为1（．（2）随机取出的两球中至少有一个黑球的概率小于.24. 已知M={a,b,c,d,e}是一个整数集合.则能确定集合M.（1）a,b,c,d,e的平均值为10.（2）a,b,c,d,e的方差为2.25. 已知x,y为实数.则x2+y2≥1.（1）4y-3x≥5.（2）(x-1)2+(y-1)2≥5.三、逻辑推理：第26～55小题，每小题2分，共60分。
2014考研管理类联考写作真题及解析
2014考研管理类联考写作真题及解析2014考研管理类联考写作真题及解析写作：第56~57题，共65分其中有效分析30分，论说文35分56. 论证有效分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。
（论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否正确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的证据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等。
）现代企业管理制度的设计要遵循的重要原则是权利的制衡和监督，只要有了制衡与监督，企业的成功就有了保证。
所谓的制衡，指对企业的管理权进行分解，然后使要分解的权利互相制约达到平衡，它可以使任何人不能滥用权力。
至于监督，指对企业管理进行严密观察，使企业运营的各个环节处于可控范围之内，而且所有环节都在可控范围之内，那么企业的经营就不可能产生失误。
同时以制衡与监督为原则所设计的企业管理制度还有一个固有特点，即能保证其实施者的有效性，因为环环相扣的监督机制能确保企业内部各级管理者无数敷衍塞责，万一有人敷衍塞责也会受到这个机制的制约。
再者，由于制衡的核心是权力平衡，而企业管理的权力又是企业运营的动力与起点，因此权力平衡就可以使企业运营保持平衡。
另外，从本质上来说，权力平衡就是权力平等，因此，从这一概念本身蕴含平等的观念。
平等观念一旦成为企业管理理念，必将促成企业内部和谐与稳定。
由此可见，如果权力的制衡与监督这一管理原则付诸实践，就可以使企业运营避免失误，确保其管理制度的有效性，日常运营平衡以及内部的和谐与稳定，这样企业一定能够成功。
解析：论证有效性分析1.“现代企业管理制度的设计要遵循的重要原则是权利的制衡和监督”中权利的制衡和监督是必要条件；而“只要有了制衡与监督，企业的成功就有了保证” 制衡和监督则为充分条件，条件关系混乱。
“制衡和监督”也只是企业成功的一个因素，故得出结论“企业成功”不够充分。
2014考研管理类联考综合能力真题与答案解析
2014 年管理类专业硕士学位全国联考综合能力真题及答案解析一、问题求解：第1～15 小题，每小题 3 分，共 45 分。
下列每题给出的A、 B、 C、 D、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.某部门在一次联欢活动中共设了26 个奖，奖品均价为280 元，其中一等奖单价为400 元，其他奖品均价为270 元，一等奖的个数为(A)6 (B)5 (C)4(D)3 (E)22.某单位进行办公室装修，若甲、乙两个装修公司合做，需万元；甲公司单独做 6 周后由乙公司接着做18 周完成，工时费为工时费为10 周完成，工时费为100 96 万元。
甲公司每周的(A)7.5 万元 (B)7 万元 (C)6.5 万元 (D)6 万元 (E)5.5 万元3.如图 1，已知 AE=3AB， BF=2BC。
若ABC 的面积是2，则AEF 的面积为(A)14 (B)12 (C)10 (D)8(E)64.某司投资一个项目。
已知上半年完成了预算的，下半年完成了剩余部分的，此时还有8 千万元投资未完成，则该项目的预算为(A)3 亿元 (B)3.6 亿元 (C)3.9 亿元 (D)4.5 亿元 (E)5.1 亿元5.如图 2，圆 A 与圆 B 的半径均为1，则阴影部分的面积为(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)6.某容器中装满了浓度为90%的酒精，倒出 1 升后用水后又倒出 1 升，再用水将容器注满，已知此时的酒精浓度为40%，则该容器的容积是7.已知为等差数列，且，则(A)27 (B)45 (C)54 (D)81(E)1628.甲、乙两人上午8： 00 分别自 A,B 出发相向而行，9： 00 第一次相遇，之后速度均提高了 1.5 公里 / 小时，甲到B，乙到 A 后都立刻沿原路返回。
若两人在10： 30 第二次相遇，则 A,B 两地的距离为(A)5.6 公里(B)7 公里(C)8 公里(D)9 公里(E)9.5 公里9.掷一枚均匀的硬币若干次，当正面向上次数大于反面向上次数时停止，则在 4 次之内停止的概率为(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)10.若几个质数 (素数 )的乘积为 770，则它们的和为(A)85 (B)84 (C)28 (D)26 (E)252 211.已知直线 l 是圆 x +y =5 在点 (1，2)处的切线，则l 在 y 轴上的截距为(A)1/90(B)1/15(C)1/1(D)1/5 (E)2/512.如图 3，正方体ABCD-A′ B′ C′ D′的棱长为2, F 是棱 C′ D′的中点，则AF 的长(A)3 (B)5(C)4 (D)2 (E)113.某项活动中，将 3 男 3 女 6 名志愿者随机地分成甲、乙、丙三组，每组 2 人，则每组志愿者都是异性的概率为(A)2/5 (B)2/3 (C)3/2 (D)5/2(E)57.已知为等差数列，且，则(A)27 (B)45 (C)54 (D)81(E)1628.甲、乙两人上午8： 00 分别自 A,B 出发相向而行，9： 00 第一次相遇，之后速度均提高了 1.5 公里 / 小时，甲到B，乙到 A 后都立刻沿原路返回。
管理专业考研试题及答案
管理专业考研试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 管理学中的“计划”是指（）A. 组织B. 领导C. 控制D. 决策答案：D2. 管理层次的划分依据是（）A. 管理职能B. 管理对象C. 管理幅度D. 管理层次答案：C3. 以下哪项不是管理的职能？（）A. 规划B. 组织C. 协调D. 创新答案：D4. 泰勒的科学管理理论强调的是（）A. 人际关系B. 工作条件C. 工作效率D. 工作满意度答案：C5. 以下哪个理论不属于管理理论的四大流派？（）A. 系统管理理论B. 人际关系理论C. 科学管理理论D. 行为科学理论答案：A6. 决策树分析法属于（）A. 定性决策方法B. 定量决策方法C. 风险决策方法D. 非程序化决策方法答案：B7. 组织文化的核心是（）A. 组织结构B. 组织目标C. 组织价值观D. 组织制度答案：C8. 以下哪项不是组织变革的阻力？（）A. 惯性B. 恐惧C. 利益冲突D. 组织文化答案：D9. 以下哪项是领导权力的来源？（）A. 法定权力B. 奖励权力C. 强制权力D. 所有以上答案：D10. 以下哪项不是激励理论？（）A. 双因素理论B. 公平理论C. 期望理论D. 系统理论答案：D二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 以下哪些是管理的基本原理？（）A. 系统原理B. 人本原理C. 效益原理D. 反馈原理答案：ABCD2. 以下哪些是组织结构的类型？（）A. 直线制B. 职能制C. 矩阵制D. 事业部制答案：ABCD3. 以下哪些是领导理论？（）A. 特质理论B. 行为理论C. 情境理论D. 路径-目标理论答案：ABCD4. 以下哪些是控制的类型？（）A. 前馈控制B. 同期控制C. 反馈控制D. 过程控制答案：ABC5. 以下哪些是组织变革的策略？（）A. 渐进式变革B. 激进式变革C. 计划性变革D. 自发性变革答案：ABC三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述管理的四大职能。
2014年管理类联考综合真题及答案解析
2014 年管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析一、问题求解：第 1—15 小题,每小题 3 分,共 45 分. 下列每题给出的 A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中, 只有一项是符合试题要求的. 请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑.1. 某部门在一次联欢活动中共设了 26 个奖，奖品均价为 280 元，其中一等奖单价为 400 元，其他奖品价格为 270 元，一等奖的个数为( )A. 6个B. 5个C. 4个D. 3个E. 2个2. 某单位进行办公室装修，若甲、乙两个装修公司合作做，需 10 周完成，工时费为 100 万元，甲公司单独做 6 周后由乙公司接着做 18 周完成，工时费为 96 万元，甲公司每周的工时费为( )A. 7.5万元B. 7万元C. 6.5万元D.6万元E.5.5万元3. 如图 1.已知 AE= 3AB ， BF =2BC ，若 ABC ∆的面积为 2，则AEF ∆的面积为( ) A.14 B.12 C.10 D.8 E.6图14. 某容器中装满了浓度为90%的酒精，倒出 1 升后用水将容器充满，搅拌均匀后倒出1 升，再用水将容器注满，已知此时的酒精浓度为40%，则该容器的容积是（ ）A.2.5升B.3升C.3.5升D.4升E.4.5升5. 如图 2 ，图 A 与图 B 的半径均为 1 ，则阴影部分的面积为（ ）A.32π B. 23 C.433-π D.4332-π E.2332-π6. 某公司投资一个项目，已知上半年完成了预算的 1/3，下半年完成了剩余部分的 2/3，此时还有 8千万元投资未完成，则该项目的预算为( )A.3亿元B.3.6亿元C.3.9亿元D.4.5亿元E.5.1亿元7. 甲、乙两人上午8:00分别自A 、B 出发相向而行，9:00第一次相遇，之后速度均提高了1.5/小时，甲到B ，乙到A 后都立刻照原路返回，若两人在10:30 第二次相遇，则 A 、B 两地相距为（ ）A.5.6公里B.7公里C.8公里D.9公里E.9.5公里8. 已知{}n a 为等差数列，且9852=+-a a a ,则=+++921a L a a （ ）A. 2 7B. 4 5C. 5 4D.8 1E. 1 6 29.在某项活动中，将 3 男 3 女 6 名志愿者，都随机地分成甲、乙、丙三组，每组 2 人，则每组志愿者的异性概率为（ ）A. 90/1B. 15/1C. 10/1D. 5/1E. 5/210. 已知直线L 是522=+y x 在点（1,2）处的切线，则L 在y 轴上的截距为（ ）A. 5/2B. 3/2C. 2/3D. 2/5E. 511.某单位决定对4个部门经理进行轮岗，要求每位经理必须轮换到4个部门中的其他部门任职，则不同的方案有（ ）A. 3种B.6种C. 8种D.9种E. 10种12. 如图3，正方体''''D C B A ABCD -的棱长为2，F 是棱''D C 中点，则AF 的长为（ ） A. 3 B. 5 C. 5 D. 22 E. 3213. 某工厂在半径为 5cm 的球形工艺品上镀一层装饰金属厚度为 0.01cm ，已知装饰金属的原材料为棱长 20cm 的正方体锭子，则加工 10000 个该工艺品需要的锭子数最少为（不考虑加工损耗加工损耗，14.3≈π）（ ）A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5E. 2014. 若几个质数（素数）的乘积为770，则他们的和为（ ）A. 85B.84C. 28D.26E.2515. 掷一枚均匀的硬币若干次，当正面向上次数大于反面向上次数时停止，则 4 次之内停止的概率为（ ）A. 8/1B. 8/3C. 8/5D.16/3E.16/5二、条件充分性判断：第 16—25 小题,每小题 3 分,共 30 分.要求判断每题给出得条件（1）和（2）能否充分支持题干所陈述的结论. A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项为判断结果, 请选择一项符合试题要求得判断, 在答题卡上将所选项得字母涂黑.A.条件（1）充分,但条件（2）不充分B.条件（2）充分,但条件（1）不充分C.条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分,但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分D.条件（1）充分,条件（2）也充分E.条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分,条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分16. 设 X 是非零实数，则18133=+x x （1）31=+x x （2）7122=+xx17. 甲、乙、丙 三 人 年 龄 相 同（1）甲、乙、丙年龄等差（2）甲、乙、丙年龄等比18. 不等式122≤++a x x 的解题为空（1）0<a （2）2>a19. 已知曲线326:x x bx a y L +-+=，则()()055=---+b a b a（1）曲线过()0,1 （2）过()()0,1-0,1-20. 如图 4，O 是半圆圆心，C 是半圆一点，AC OD ⊥,则OD 长(1)已知 BC 长 （2）已知 AO 长21. 已知 x , y 为实数，则122≥+y x（1）534≥-x y （2）()()51122≥-+-y x22. 已知袋中有红、黑、白三球若干个，红球最多（1）随机取出一球是白球的概率为52 （2）随机取出两球，两球中至少一黑的概率小于5123. 已知二次函数()c bx ax x f ++=2，则能确定 a , b , c 的值（1）曲线()x f y =过点（0 ，0 ）和（1 ， 1）（2）曲线()x f y =与b a y +=相切24.方程()0222=+++b x b a x 有实根(1) a , b , c 是三角形的三边长(2) a , b , c 等差25. 已知{}e d c b a M,,,,=是一个整数集合，则能确定集合的(1) a , b , c , d , e 平均值为 10(2)方差为 2三、逻辑推理：第 26-55 小题，每小题 2 分，共 60 分。
常州大学管理学大一考试题及答案
可用于复方感冒药的拟肾上腺素类的药物是A．盐酸麻黄碱B．盐酸伪麻黄碱C．肾上腺素D．盐酸克仑特罗E．正确答案：B关于抗体，正确的是A．都是免疫球蛋白B．由T细胞产生C．免疫球蛋白都是抗体D．杀伤肿瘤细胞E．能与多种正确答案：A下列关于β受体阻断药降压机制的叙述，不正确的是A．抑制肾素释放B．减少心排出量C．扩张肌肉血管D．减正确答案：C最可能出现的检测结果是A．暗适应能力下降B．生理盲点扩大C．红细胞溶血试验＞20%D．AC值＞1.2E．TPP效正确答案：D心包摩擦音听诊的特点不包括A．在心前区最响亮B．坐位前倾更明显C．吸气末更明显D．与心搏一致E．屏气正确答案：C具有起昙现象的表面活性剂A、脂肪酸山梨坦80 B、聚山梨醇80 C、十二烷基硫酸钠D、卵磷脂E、苯扎溴铵正确答案：E妄想是一种脱离现实的病理性思维，它的主要特点有（）。
A．对荒唐结论坚信不移，不能通过讲道理、进行教正确答案：AC下列原料药中易风化的药品有A．硫酸阿托品B．胃蛋白酶C．硫酸镁D．硫酸钠E．氯化钠正确答案：ACD解析：本题考查的是药品的保管知识。
含有结晶水的药物常因露置在干燥的空气中，逐渐失去所含结晶水的一部分或全部，以至本身变成白色不透明的结晶或者粉末。
易风化的药品有硫酸阿托品、硫酸可待因、硫酸镁、硫酸钠及明矾等。
故答案为ACD。
服用单胺氧化酶抑制药治疗抑郁症期间，不宜食用A．氯化钙B．干酪、牛奶C．蔬菜D．水果E．淀粉类食物正确答案：B口腔黏膜中药物渗透性能顺序为A．舌下黏膜＞牙龈、硬腭黏膜＞颊黏膜B．颊黏膜＞舌下黏膜＞牙龈、硬腭黏膜正确答案：E属于三级预防A．改变工艺，改变原材料和设备B．定期职业性健康检查C．使用优质原料、保证产品质量D正确答案：D阿托品滴眼引起A．散瞳、眼内压升高、调节痉挛B．散瞳、眼内压降低、调节痉挛C．散瞳、眼内压升高、调节麻正确答案：C1岁的婴幼儿体液占体重的百分比为A．0.6B．0.65C．0.7D．0.75E．0.8正确答案：C中药注册分类分为A．5类B．6类C．9类D．15类E．16类正确答案：C近代研究中常把快乐、愤怒、悲哀和恐惧列为（）。
2014年管理学真题+答案解析
2014年河南省普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试《管理学》试卷一、选择题（每小题 1 分，共40 分。
在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑）1、被称为“人事管理之父”的是( )A.罗伯特.欧文B. 亨利.汤C.马克斯.韦伯D.哈罗德，孔茨2、科学管理理论开创了西方管理理论的新纪元，对世界各国的管理实践产生了巨大的影响。
下列不属于科学管理理论内容的是( )A.处理人际关系B.一切标准化C.提高单个工人的生产率D.实施差别计件工资制3、组织管理理论着重研究管理职能和整个组织结构。
下列不属于组织管理理论代表人物的是( )A.亨利.法约尔B.亨利.甘特C.马克斯.韦伯D.切斯特.Z.巴纳德4、“产生新想法并加以处理,以及将关系抽象化的思维能力”是管理者的( )A.技术技能B.人际技能C.概念技能D.决策技能5、梅奥对其领导的霍桑实验进行了总结，阐述了与古典管理理论不同的观点一一人际关系学说。
下列不属于梅奥人际关系学说内容的是( )A.能力和工作相适应B.工人是社会人C.企业中存在着非正式组织D.生产率主要取决于工人的工作态度以及他和周围人的关系6、全球化经营的一般环境中，下列不属于一般环境的是( )A.政治与法律环境B.经济与技术环境C. 社会文化与自然环境D.供应商和买方环境7、价值链分析法把企业的活动分为( )A.程序化活动和非程序化活动B.长期活动和短期活动C.抽象性活动和具体性活动D.基本活动和辅助性活动8、双汇集团即从事肉质品加工，又从事相关养殖。
下列说法正确的是( )A.双汇采用的是前向一体化策略B.双汇采用的是后向一体化策略C.双汇采用的是集中化策略D.双汇采用的是成本领先策略9、下列不属于宏观经济环境内容的是( )A.人口数量及增长趋势B. 国民收入C.某地区消费者的就业程度D. 国民生产总值10、“能尊重和保护个人基本权利的行为才是善的”，这是道德的哪种观点( )A.道德的功利观B.道德的权利观C. 道德的公平公正观D. 道德的推己及人观11、“运筹于帷幄之中，决胜于千里之外”是强调企业管理中的哪一个职能( )A.计划B.组织C.领导D.控制12、某项决策具有极大偶然性和随机性，又无先例可循，其方法和步骤也难以程序化和标准化，这项决策就是()A.风险型决策B.不确定型决策C.非程序化决策D.追踪决策13、BCG矩阵中在低增长率的市场上占有高份额的战略性事业单位是( )A.明星B.金牛C.瘦狗D.幼童14、甲公司生产某种产品的固定成本是30万元，该产品单位变动成本为4元，市场售价为10元，若要达到6万元销售毛利的目标，该产品产销量应为多少( )A.30000件B.45000件C. 60000件D.75000 件15、与非正式组织相比，正式组织的重要标准是( )A.情感B.正规的程序C.效率D.高度的责任心16.过分的期权有很多舞端，下列不属于其弊端的慢( )A.降低决策质量B.不利于决策的统一C.使组织的适应能力减弱D.降低17.某家电企业是一家拥有300多亿资产的巨型企业，该企业最适宜的组织结构形式( )A.直线型组织结构B.职能型组织结构C.事业部制组织结构D.委员会制18、授权是指( )A.在组织设计时，规定下属管理岗位必要的职责与权限B. 在组织调整时，规定下属管理岗位必要的职责与权限C.领导者将部分处理问题的权力委派给某些下属D.委托代理关系19、当代管理组织机构变革的一大趋势是( )A.管理层次复杂化B.组织结构扁平化C.管理幅度日益减少D.锥型结构更受欢迎20、风险型决策常用的方法是( )A.量本利分析法B.决策树法C.线性规划法D.最小最大后悔值法21、商鞅在秦国推行改革,他在城门外立了-根木棍，声称有将木棍从南i门移到北门的，奖励50金，但没有人去尝试。