英语论文写作分析

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英语议论文写作修辞模式问题及成因探析

2012年第10期吉林省教育学院学报No.10，2012第28卷JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JILIN PROVINCEVol .28（总286期）Total No .286收稿日期：2012—07—08作者简介：厉凌华（1980—），女，山东日照人，滁州学院，硕士，助教。

研究方向：二语写作。

项目简介：滁州学院校级项目议论文写作篇章汉英修辞模式对比研究。

英语议论文写作修辞模式问题及成因探析厉凌华(滁州学院外国语学院，安徽滁州239000)摘要：在英语议论文写作中，许多学生存在论点不清、缺少论证等问题。

他们一方面受母语文化迁移的影响，另一方面对英美文化下的思维方式及英语修辞模式了解不够，对目的语的掌握程度也影响着其写作。

教师需引导学生关注语言与文化的密切关系。

关键词：议论文写作;问题;成因中图分类号：G642文献标识码：A文章编号：1671—1580(2012)10—0071—02一、引言语言与思维存在密切关系。

中国学生要写好英语作文，应了解英语的修辞模式。

卡普兰（1966）发现不同文化下的学生话语模式不同：英语是直线型语篇而东方语言是螺旋型语篇。

因此将二语写作研究从词句提升到篇章，并将文化引入修辞，该理论引起很大反响。

一直以来，英语专业学生英语议论文写作出现诸多问题，如生搬硬套作文模式，死记硬背相关句子等。

虽然学生在语法方面没什么大问题，但在修辞模式方面存在着主题不清、逻辑性差等毛病。

本文将分析英语专业学生在议论文修辞模式方面存在的问题，探讨问题的原因并尝试找出解决问题的对策。

二、英语议论文写作修辞模式问题在议论文写作授课前，作者以裸婚和网恋为话题要求75名英语专业大二学生任选一话题写一篇英语议论文。

作者在批阅过程中发现学生在篇章组织方面存在以下问题：一半左右的学生论点不突出或无鲜明论点。

论文论证方面，约有一半文章从正反方面来介绍他人的观点，最后一段提出自己的观点；还有大约一半的学生在文章主体部分分析网恋或裸婚的优缺点，最后一段提出自己的观点，这与主题鲜明突出、重视论证过程的英文篇章有很大不同。

英语议论文写作结构分析及模板句型

英语议论文写作一、文章结构I.引言（Introduction）：引出话题II.正文（Body）：阐明观点a.阐述理由b.分析利弊c.提出举措d.列举实例III.结论/倡议（Conclusion）：重申观点/发出倡议二、段落组织每个段落紧扣一个主题展开。

（段落的首句为本段的主题句）写作范文：Nowadays, with more and more people going to work in the city in the hope of earning money, the phenomenon of left-behind children has become more and more common., which gives rise to a series of problems.First of all, neither will the kids who are left at home with their grandparents be well looked after because of their grandparents old age, nor will they have anyone to turn to for advice/guidance in times of difficulty. Besides, these kids have to help with the farm work, which takes up a lot of their time for study, so their study will have to suffer. What is worse is that some of them may even lose interest in study and so drop out of at an early age.As the problem is getting more and more serious, I do think it is necessary for the government as well as the parents to take some actions to improve the situation for the poor children.Children are the future of our nation, save them before it is too late!三、常用表达方式I.引言（Introduction）：引出话题1.Nowadays, with the development of ___n.____, the phenomenon of _____n.____ is becomingmore and more common, which gives rise to public concern./ which results in a series of problems.2.As ______句子______, the problem/issue _____of + n.______/ ___that+同位语从句____is getting more and more serious, which raises a storm of controversy./ which leads to heated debates.3.Recently, there has been a growing tendency(趋势) ___that+同位语从句____, on whichpeople’s opinions vary/differ (from person to person).4.As the famous saying goes, ____名言警句____.5.Recently, the problem ___of+n____ / ____that+ 同位语从句____ has been brought intofocus/attention.6.There has been a public debate on/over the issue ____of +n____ these days.7.Nowadays, it is commonly /generally/ widely /increasingly held /believed /accepted/acknowledged that _______观点_______。

英语论文写作技巧

一般来说，一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成：Title(标题)Abstract(摘要)Keywords(关键词)Table of contents(目录)Nomenclature(术语表)Introduction(引言)Method(方法)Results(结果)Discussion(讨论)Conclusion(结论)Acknowledgement(致谢)Reference(参考文献)Appendix(附录)其中Title，Abstract，Introduction，Method，Result，Discussion，Conclusion，Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。

在这八项内容中，读者最多的是Title，Abstract和Introduction部分，读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。

也就是说，一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少，在很大程度上取决于Title，Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。

因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。

学术论文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三个部分。

这三部分主要描述研究课题的具体内容、方法，研究过程中所使用的设备、仪器、条件，并如实公布有关数据和研究结果等。

Conclusion是对全文内容或有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论。

它具有严密的科学性和客观性，反映一个研究课题的价值，同时提出以后的研究方向。

标题的写法论文标题是全文内容的缩影。

读者通过标题便能够预测论文的主要内容和作者的意图，从而决定是否阅读全文。

因此，为了使文章赢得有关领域里众多的读者，论文的标题必须用最精炼的语言恰如其分地体现全文的主题和核心。

本章主要探讨英语学术论文标题的语言特点及写法。

6.1 标题的长度标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等1) Fire Resistant Steels for Construction: Design, Properties and Microchemistry 9 6 1 22) Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy 6 5 1 03) Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology: Barriers and Needs 8 5 0 314) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Survey 6 4 0 25) Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials 7 4 1 26) Computer Simulation and Experimental Study on Cold Shut During Mold Filling 11 5 2 4英语科技论文中，标题不宜过长，大多为8—12个单词左右。

英语议论文的写作特点

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一
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文体特点
议论文是以议论说理为主要表达方式对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明作者的观点、立场、态度、看法、主张的文体。通常要具备论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点的基本要求是：观点正确，见解新鲜；概括全面，有实际意义；要恰当地综合运用各种论证方法。论据的基本要求是：真实可靠，充分典型。论证的基本要求是：推理必须合乎逻辑，论证要讲究顺序，要符合正确的推理形式。二、写作技巧议论文的写作是一个创造性的完整过程。它大体上可以分为摄取、构思、表达和修改四个阶段。构思是把客体材料转变为作者主观认识的转化阶段，表达是通过遣词造句将作者的思想 “ 物化为文章” 的实施阶段，修改是最后完善提高文章的过程。在对这四个阶段的具体运作过程中，一定要进行恰当地分析，提高自觉性。在具体的写作过程中，要注意以下几点：１．把握三个要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点要新，要有鲜明的时代特征，能体现时代脉搏。认识问题和分析问题时，应当褒扬新思想，针砭时弊，体现时代的精神风貌。同时要把握事物的本质特征，揭示事物的发展规律，给人以厚重感。论据要为论点服务，注重摆事实，讲道理。在写作时要充分利用事实论据和道理论据，灵活采用多种论证方法，如例证法、引证法、对比论证法、比喻论证法等让文章更具说服力与雄辩性，让读者心服口服。２．把握三性，即准确性、鲜明性和主动性。在写作时要善于提出问题，主动地运用准确的论据和恰当的论证方法来分析问题，水到渠成地引出自己鲜明的观点。３．语言运用时务必准确、言简意赅，行文时要注重条理性和层次性。三、佳作欣赏

敏感性分析 Sensitivity Analysis 英语作文论文写作技巧

敏感性分析Sensitivity Analysis- Youramazing guide towardsSuccessHey guys. Lately, I have been talking about analysis a lot. It’s because analyses are really important before you take any major decisions. In this article, I will talk about another type of analysis that is Sensitivity analysis.Sensitivity analysis is a method which is used to identify, how various values of an independent variable make an impact on a particular variable which is dependent and is a given set of assumptions.Let’s now move on to the details.In this article,I will cover the following:What is Sensitivity analysis?Why should I use Sensitivity analysis? Constraints and Settings in Sensitivity analysis. Applications of Sensitivity analysis.Pitfalls in Sensitivity analyses.Le t’s get started. 1) What is Sensitivity analysis?Sensitivity analysis is a method to find out how the unpredictability in the results of a system ormodel can be alloted to different sources of unpredictability in its inputs.This method is used within some boundaries which depends on one or more input variables. It includes the effects that change in interest rates have on the bond prices.Sensitivity analysis is also seen as similar to simulation analysis. It is a way by which you can predict the outcome of a decision which is given in the form of a particular range of variables. With the creation of a set of variables, the analyst can identify that how changes in a variable put an impact on the outcome.A mathematical model like an economic model can be very hard to understand, and as a result, it’s relation to inputs and outputs will not beunderstood properly. In these kinds of cases, the model is viewed as a black box, i.e., the output is an uncertain way of its inputs.It often happens, that some of the model inputs are a source of uncertainty. It includes the absence of information, errors of measurements and poor or lesser information of the forces that derive the mechanisms. There should be no uncertainty as it effects your confidence and puts a limit in the response of the model.OverviewExample Of Sensitivity AnalysisWe all need that the efforts we put in should give results. They will give the result if you follow the method correctly. The best way of modelingpractice is when the modeler gives an evaluation of the confidence in a model.For this to happen, firstly you need a valuation of the uncertainty in any of the model results. This is also known as uncertainty analysis. Secondly, you need to evaluate how much each input is giving to the output uncertainty.Sensitivity analysis is a necessary forerunner. It addresses the 2nd of these issues. It also performs the role of ordering by focusing on strength and relevance of the inputs and also helps in determining the variations in the output.For models which involve many input variables, sensitivity analysis acts as an important ingredient for quality assurance and model building. Even the national and internationalcompanies now involve sensitivity analysis in their guidelines for impact assessment.Sensitivity analysis exampleJust imagine that Alex is a sales manager and he wants to understand the impact of customer traffic on overall sales. He made his mind that sales are a process of price and transaction volume. One gadget is $100, and Alex sold 50 this year, and the total sale cost came out to be $5,000.Alex was able to determine that there was a particular percentage of rising in customer traffic which led to the raise in the transaction volume as well. This info allowed him to make a financialmodel and sensitivity analysis. This can now tell him that what will happen if the customer traffic grows by 5%, 10% or up to 100%.The raise in customer traffic by these percentage will also show the rise in transaction volume or total sale. There will be an increase in transaction volume as well with some amount of numbers concerning the percentage increase in customer traffic. Thus, now you can understand that here, sensitivity analysis showcase that sales are highly sensitive to all variations in the customer traffic.2) Why should I use Sensitivity Analysis?Following points will make it very clear, that why you should use sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis-Increases the understanding of the correlation between input and output variables in a model or system.Tests the strength of the output of a system or model in the presence of uncertainty.Search for the errors in the system or model by finding out the unexpected relation of the outputs with the inputs.Reduces uncertainty by identifying model inputs which cause uncertainty in the output. It should, therefore, be the center of attention to grow the strength. It can only happen by a deep research.Improves communication between modelers and decision makers. It happens by making recommendations which are moreunderstandable, credible, persuasive or compelling.Helps in model simplification by fixing the model inputs which have zero effect on the outputs. It may also happen by verifying and removing unnecessary parts of the model structure.Finds region in the space of input factors and for this, the model output is either minimum or maximum or it meets some other optimum criteria.Seeks to identify crucial connections between different observations, predictions or forecasts and model inputs, which leads to the development of better models.Eases the calibration stage by emphasizing the sensitive parameters. Sensitivity parameters should be known as without that the result can be, a total wastage of time being spent on the non-sensitive sections.3) Constraints and Settings in Sensitivity analysisThe method by which the sensitivity analysis will be done depends on some settings or problem constraints. I will be discussing the most common ones with you.Following are the constraints or settings:Computational expense: Sensitivity analysis is performed by running a possibly large model and some times. It is a sampling-basedinitialization. But, this can become an issue when-a single workout process of a model, takes a particular amount of time like few minutes, an hour or may longer than that. This happens with much difficult models.the a model has various number of uncertain inputs. Sensitivity analysis grows as the number of inputs grow.Some of the methods to reduce computational expense includes the use of screening methods to reduce the dimensionality of the issue and the use of emulators for larger models. Another method which can be used is to do an event based sensitivity analysis for variable selection while time-constrained applications.Correlated inputs: this is one of the most commonly used sensitivity analysis methods. It assumes independence inputs of models, but sometimes these inputs can be strongly interrelated.Nonlinearity: Sometimes, results based on linear regression can wrongly calculate sensitivity. It happens when the model’s depiction is nonlinear concerning the inputs.Model interactions: Interactions happen when the disruption of two or more inputs one after another, causes a difference in the results greater than that of changing each of the inputs all alone. The effect of this constraint can be calculated by the total-order sensitivity index.Multiple Outputs: Many models result or output a bigger number of possibly time-dependent data. However, for those models in which the outputs are interrelated, it becomes harder to interpret the sensitivity measures.Given data: In many cases, the person practicing, has access to the model. But, in some cases, a sensitivity analysis must be done with “given data.”It is where the values of the model inputs can’t be chosen by the analyst. This happens when the data is used for an uncertainty analysis or optimization or when the data is derived from a discrete source.Applications of Sensitivity AnalysisFollowing is the list of few examples of sensitivity analysis, performed in different disciplines:i. EnvironmentalEnvironmental computer models are vastly used in various varieties of studies and other applications. It includes Global Climate models which are used for both long-term climate change and short-term weather forecasts.Computer models are now highly being used for environmental decision making on a local scale like for examining the impact of a waste water treatment plant on a flowing river, etc. The analysis may help to understand these phenomena.ii. BusinessSensitivity analysis can help in various circumstances related to business. It helps to:Identify serious assumptions or helps to compare different model structures.Guide in for future data collections.Improve resources allotment.Improve the tolerance of manufactured parts in regard with the variations in the parameters.Multi-criteria decision makingMCDM, i.e., Multi-criteria decision making studies the issue of how to select the best one among some other alternative which competes. The criteria behind it are connected with weights of importance.There are some other discipline examples too like Social Sciences, Chemistry, Engineering, In the meta-analysis, Time-critical decision making and Model calibration and improvement. You will do something.Pitfalls in Sensitivity analysisSome of the common difficulties with sensitivity analysis are as follows:There are way too many model inputs which have to be analyzed. Screening is used to lessen up the dimensionality.The model takes a longer period to run. But, Emulators are used to lessening the number of model runs which are needed.This analysis provides lesser information to make probability distributions for the inputs.If there is an unclear purpose of the analysis, then many variants of measures and statistical tests are applied to the problem, and therefore different factors rankings are gained.Too many model outputs are taken. This may be accepted for quality assurance of sub-models. This should be ignored when presenting the outputs of the overall analysis.It is also known as piecewise sensitivity. It is when someone performs analysis on one sub-model at an individual time. This method is nonconservative as it might oversee interactions within factors in different sub-models.ConclusionSo, guys, this was all about Sensitivity analysis.I hope you guys liked this information.。

英语议论文写作要点

一、英语议论文写作要点议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主.作者对*一问题持有一种看法,为了使读者同意自己的看法,提出假设干理由,企图说服他人.高中英语议论文的写作要注意以下要点: 1. 论点要鲜明、确切．一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点．论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证．2. 论据要充分、可靠．一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语，格言，名人名言作为论据．3. 论证要严密、得法．归纳法〔induction〕和演绎法〔deduction〕是议论文常用的论证方法．归纳法的例子为根底，从几个例子和现象中，归纳出*种道理和看法．例如：报纸是一种媒体〔medium 〕，人们可以从中得到现代信息；电视是一种媒体，人们也可以从中获得信息；播送也是媒体，人们同样可以从中获得现代信息．因此我们可以得出结论，其他媒体，如网络等，一定会给人们信息．演绎法以一个或多个看法为根底，从一般论断，演绎到不同事例，再加以论述，最后再回到一般论断上来．例如：所有的媒体都可以给人们提供信息，网络是媒体，因此人们可以从网络中获得信息．在归纳中要注意使用的例子要充分，不能以点概面．二、议论文的写作步骤:1. 引言(introduction)．由于英语作文受时间，字数的限制．因此，在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支援什么，反对什么．2. 主体段〔main body〕．主体段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据．〔adequate proofs〕来论证自己的观点．一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进展阐述．3. 结论〔conclusion〕．结论段可以用一两句话来完毕文章．同时要注意与引言段照应，但不能照搬前面的原话．例：课本高二上P78 第一封信Tutorial center is helpful.I have studied at a tutorial center for two years. My mand of English has improved considerably since I started this course.At my center, the fees are reasonable. My tutors are qualified teachers. I have been helped a lot by them. They are sincere and kind.One of my teachers was British. At first, I could not say anything to her. But later I learned how to municate in English with a westerner.I think that the tutorial center has given me a lot of confidence in using English.评注: 第一段提出论点, 表达家教中心是helpful(段划线局部) ,主体段分别从几个方面(划线局部)来阐述家教中心确实有帮助,结论段重申家教中心的作用(划线局部),且语句表达与第一段中的不重复.三、议论文的写作模式1. 议论文的类型英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型: ①“一分为二〞的观点．如“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响〞②“两者选一〞的观点．如，期中考试作文题，“乘火车还是乘飞机〞③“我认为……〞型．如“你对课外阅读的看法〞④“怎样……〔how to〕〞型．如“怎样克制学习中碰到的困难〞．⑤图表作文．通过阅读图表中的数字与工程得出一个结论或形成一种看法．按照高二上学期的写作要求，学生主要应掌握①②两种类型的议论文的写作．在第①种类型中命题涉及*一事物或现象的正反两个方面：通过正反两个方面的比照，得出结论是利大于弊，还是弊大于利．论证要围绕所要得出的结论来展开，假设利大于弊，则有利的一面要多阐述一点．反之亦然．在第②种类型中，命题要求在A或B两者之间作一比拟或选择，两个对象往往各有优势，所以结论局部有两种情况：a. 要么支持A，要么支持B;b. A、B优势均难的割舍，只好依情况而定在结论局部说清楚在什么条件选A, 在什么条件选B．下面重点介绍第①、②种类型议论文的写作模式.2. “一分为二〞观点的议论文模式Introduction第1段:Nowadays more and more people．．．/．．．plays an important part in．．．. like everythingelse, ．．．has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects/both advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the favorable aspects/advantages can be listed as follows.Main body第2段：Firstly,.. Secondly,…In addition/What’s more…第3段: Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects/disadvantages are also apparent/obvious. To begin with…; To make matters worse…; Worse of all…Conclusion第4段: Through above analysis/All things considered, we can see that the positive aspects/advantages outweigh the negative ones/disadvantages. Therefore…例文1. 看电视的利与弊 Advantages and disadvantages of watching TVNowadays more and more people like to watch TV. So TV plays a very important part in our life. But watching TV has both advantages and disadvantages. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.Firstly, you can e*pand your knowledge by watching TV. As we all know, learning things by TV is much faster than by listening to the radio or just by reading books. Forit has colorful pictures as well as wonderful music. Secondly, you may know anybody you want to know such as famous singers, super stars, scientists and so on. What’s more, you can go everywhere by traveling programs. Let’s suppose, if you like traveling very much, but you have to work on weekends or holidays, you must be very sad. And now open your TV and it’ll take you to anywhere. Every coin has two sides. The disadvantages are also obvious. For e*ample, watching too much TV can easily bee short-sighted, especially for children and students. To make matters worse, some young students are keen on watching TV so that they give up their studies gradually. Through above analysis, I think watching TV is a way of studying, it is good for us to watch TV. But when we watchTV, we should make a plan otherwise watching TV will destroy our life.例文2. 谈谈出国留学的利与弊 Where to attend a collegeNowadays more and more young people are going to study abroad. Like everything else, studying abroad has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the favorable aspects can be listed as follows.Firstly, they think by attending a college in a foreign country they can learn not only useful knowledge, but also the culture and customs of other nations. Secondly, they can take advantage of this opportunity to gain a good mand of the foreign language they are learning very quickly. Moreover, they can meet different people and e*perience different cultures, which may help to broaden their views.Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. The costs are much higher than those in their native country. Most overseas students have to work for a living, which can’t allow them to pay all their attention to study. What’s more, they may feel very lonely.Through above analysis, we can see that the positiveaspects outweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I am in favor of going abroad to study.写作练习：①谈谈校服〔school uniforms〕.提示：近年来，越来越多的中小学要求穿校服．对此引发了学生中由对这个问题的讨论，请写一片英语短文阐述你的观点．Reference: some of the main arguments for and against school uniforms.FOR1.Students look neat and tidy.2.The public knows which school you are from.3.Parents all pay the same money.4.Students don’t worry about fashions.5.Teachers can identify students on school trips.AGAINST1.Uniforms are e*pensive.2.Children grow fast, need new uniforms.3.Some uniforms are very unfortable.4.Students all look the same, can’t be individuals.5.Get bored with same clothes every day.②说广告〔about advertisement〕.提示：有人说广告在现代社会是很重要，有人认为广告的促销成分太多，你认为……3.“两者选一〞观点的议论文模式模式⑴:A、B两者优劣势分析,要么选A,要么选B. Introduction第1段:Some people hold the opinion that (A) is superior to (B) in many ways. Others, however, argue that (B) is much better. Personally, I would prefer (A) because I think (A) has more advantages.Main body第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer (A). The main reason is that … Another reason is that…(赞同A的原因)第3段: Of course, choosing (B) also has advantages to some e*tent, (列出1~2个B的优势)Conclusion第4段: But if all these factors are considered, (A) iswe may finally draw the conclusion that …(总结观点)例文: Which is better“ Cars or bikes“Some people hold the opinion that private cars are superior to bicycles in many ways. Others, however, argue that the bicycle is much better. Personally, I would prefer the use of cars because I think cars have more advantages.There are many reasons why I prefer cars. The main reason is that cars bring convenience and mobility to the owners. What’s more, a car is far more fortable to travel in, especially in the changeable weather. Another reason is that, when more people buy cars, the automobile industry will develop more quickly. The growth of the automobile industry can motivate the rise of other related industries such as iron and steel production.Of course, bicycles can take you to anywhere you like in town and does not need a large parking place. Besides, it is not as e*pensive as a car and therefore every family can afford to buy.But if all these factors are considered, cars are muchwe may finally draw the conclusion that people can live better with the use of cars.模式⑵: A、B优势相当,依情况而定,有条件地选择A或B. Introduction第1段:Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between (A) and (B)“ Before you make the decision, you had better make a close parison.Main body第2段：It is true that(选择A的优势之一). It is also true that(选择A的优势之二). But (选择A的劣势).第3段: Though.(选择B的劣势), (选择B的优势之一). Furthermore, (选择B的优势之二).Conclusion第4段: Therefore, if you…, you should choose (A), but if you…, you should choose (B). (总结观点,提出建议)例文: Listening to the radio or reading the newspapers “Which would you prefer if you are faced with the choice between listening to the radio and reading the newspapers“ Before you make the decision, you hadbetter make a close parison.It is true that listening to the radio is quick and convenient. It is also true that we can listen to the radio while are doing something else. So we can save a lot of time. But radio programs have their own time schedule. You cannot get the information you need every time you turn on your radio.Though newspapers are not as quick as radio, reading from the newspaper can certainly bring us news more clearly and more e*actly. Furthermore, while reading, we have time to think about what we are reading, to judge it, to analyze it, and then we will be more aware of its cause and effect.We are living in an information age. We have to make full use of the information we can get if we are to achieve our goals.Therefore, if we want to get the latest news, we can listen to the radio, but if we want to get the e*act words, we’d better read the newspaper.写作练习:①安康与财富(Health and Wealth)提示: 安康与财富哪个更重要一直是一个热门话题(hottopic),请简述你的观点.②哪里住更好(Where to live“)提示: 有的人喜欢往城里挤,有的人喜欢往乡下搬. 各有所好,孰是孰非,你以为如何“参考文献:。

英语专业本科毕业论文写作问题分析与对策

英语专业本科毕业论文写作问题分析与对策作者：吴琼军来源：《教书育人·高教论坛》2020年第08期[摘要] 英语专业本科毕业论文是检验学生综合运用英语专业知识与技能，进行初步系统研究与写作的重要手段。

目前，三峡大学科技学院英语专业本科毕业生在撰写毕业论文的过程中，存在的最主要问题是对学位论文是一个系统研究过程认识不清，往往忽略了这一过程中如确定选题、文献综述、理论框架、搜集确定研究对象、结合理论分析研究对象、得出结论等各个环节的相互联系，从而出现诸多问题。

本文将以翻译方向的本科毕业论文为例，针对具体写作过程中的问题进行分析，讨论解决对策，以期为论文写作提供一点参考。

[关键词] 本科毕业论文;系统研究过程;问题分析与对策[中图分类号]G642 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1008-2549（2020） 08-0108-02毕业论文是整个本科培养计划中最为重要的一项实践教学环节，其实践性和综合性是其他教学环节所不能替代的（王崇义，2004：73）。

对英语专业本科毕业生而言，撰写本科毕业论文是让学生综合运用所学专业知识与技能，进行初步的学术系统研究，是检验学生专业知识、研究能力、思辨能力及写作能力的重要手段。

目前，三峡大学科技学院英语专业本科毕业生在撰写毕业论文的过程中，存在诸多问题，但最主要的源头问题是对学位论文是一个系统研究过程认识不清。

本文通过对翻译方向的本科毕业论文具体写作过程中的问题进行分析，来讨论解决对策，以期为毕业论文写作提供一点参考。

一毕业论文写作是一个系统研究过程畢业论文不只是一篇学术文章，而是对整个研究过程的一个学术报告。

这一过程包含了确定选题、文献综述、理论框架、搜集确定研究对象、结合理论分析研究对象、得出结论等各个环节，是一个科学的系统过程。

所以如果毕业生对这一过程及相关要素认识不清的话，问题就会层出不穷，后续的各个环节会相互脱节，从而无法将研究过程进行下去。

指导教师要尽早帮助学生认识到这一核心问题，才能让各个环节相互关联，从而成为一个整体。

关于英语论文写作的问题及对策

关于英语论文写作的问题及对策摘要:是每个本科生在毕业之前最重要的一项学习任务。

通过对2004届英语专业学生毕业论文选题以及在撰写过程中出现有关选题、英文写作、格式规范、外文资料不足等问题的分析和探讨,提出了加强思想教育、建立健全的管理体系、加强论文撰写各个环节的指导和外文图书资料建设等一些富有建设性的对策。

关键词:英语专业;毕业论文;撰写;规范格式;指导英语毕业论文或学士学位论文是每个本科生在毕业之前最重要的一项学习任务;是高等学校本科教育的一个重要的综合性实践教学环节;是对大学学习成果的综合性总结和检阅;是学生在教师指导下运用所学理论知识和英语基本技能来探讨、分析、研究、解决本学科某一科学问题的科学实践的总结性报告;也是检验学生掌握知识的程度、分析问题和解决问题基本能力、写作能力的一份综合答卷。

但学生在实际的撰写过程中,出现了选题、英文写作、格式规范、外文资料不足等问题。

为了提高毕业论文的质量,解决存在的问题,作者提出了加强思想教育、建立健全的管理体系、加强论文撰写各个环节的指导和加强外文图书资料建设等一些富有建设性的对策。

一、存在的问题(一)选题方面在实际的论文指导和论文答辩过程中,我们发现许多学生在选题方面存在着以下几个方面的问题:1、选题过分集中。

2004届英语专业只有一个本科班,共有毕业生37人。

写文学方面的论文最多,共有14篇,占37. 84%,写语言和文化的分别有11篇和8篇,写教学和翻译方面的论文比较少。

其中文化方面论文题目相近的有5篇,文学方面论文题目相近的有4篇,语言2篇,这不仅仅是这一届的个别现象,往届和其他院校也有类似现象。

每年都有许多学生喜欢选文学方面的题目,因为文学方面的论文参考资料相对来说比较丰富,比较容易收集和查阅,又容易看懂。

这样一来,造成文学方面的选题很集中。

语言、文化对比、教学和翻译方面的论文相对较少,原因是这些方面的论文参考资料相对而言比较少,不容易收集,特别是像语言学等方面的资料比较专业,抽象难懂;教学方面的论文需要大量的数据收集和统计,甚至需要教学实验来验证,由于学生缺乏教学方面的经验和感性认识,所以难度比较大。

关于英语专业毕业论文写作的文献综述

关于英语专业毕业论文写作的文献综述引言英语专业毕业论文是英语专业学生在毕业时撰写的具有一定价值的学术性论文。

它是考查英语专业学生大学四年以来所学的英语专业知识的重要方式，也可锻炼学生理论联系实际进行科学研究的能力，是本科学生获得学士学位的重要依据。

目前，我国大部分的院校都要求英语专业本科生必须用英语撰写学位论文，而且对于撰写英语毕业论文基本上没有限制条件，只要考试成绩合格者都可以参加毕业论文的写作。

但是，从有关的调查中显示，英语专业毕业论文质量不高，存在很多的问题。

目前已有很多的学者和教师就英语专业毕业论文写作了一定的研究年，旨在提高学生撰写英语毕业论文的水平。

主要分为两大类，第一类讨论的重点是毕业论文题目的选取，论文的格式等；第二类主要一调查问卷为主，讨论毕业论文存在的问题和解决的对策。

以此为背景，为了让广大学生对英语论文写作有一个更全面的认识，本文就关于英语毕业论文写作的性质和意义，选题策略，英语毕业论文写作中存在的主要问题及对策的文献进行综述。

对于英语毕业论文写作中存在争议的问题，如是否要创新的问题提出了自己的看法。

一、英语专业毕业论文的性质和意义1.英语毕业论文的性质臧学运认为英语专业毕业论文除了具备一般论文的学术特征：学术性（scholarly），规范性（formal）, 创新性(original)之外，必须体现出其英语专业的特色，即专业性（professional）。

就其题材和体裁而言，具有说明和议论的性质，论文讨论的重点应该是与英语的文化，语言，翻译，文学或教学法等相关的专业学术性的话题，专业突出性极强。

其次，论文的论点和论据要具备独创性，可靠性和科学性，要有自己独特的观点，论据需要翔实，材料真实可靠。

当然，论文的结构必须规范，完整一致，语言流畅简练，用词准确，得体，生动，多样。

只有这样，创作出来的论文质量才会高。

2. 英语专业毕业论文写作的意义毕业论文的写作是一个个、非常复杂的过程，它包括很多的步骤，如选题，文献的检索和收集，撰写初稿，修改再到定稿等。

英语专业四级写作范文赏析

英语专业四级写作范文赏析英语专业四级写作范文的赏析可以帮助我们更好地理解和应用各种写作技巧和表达方法。

本文将通过对一篇英语专业四级写作范文的详细分析，帮助读者更好地掌握英语写作技巧。

（首段）介绍文章主题和背景本文所要赏析的英语专业四级写作范文是关于大学生选课问题的。

选课对于大学生来说是一个重要的决策，直接关系到他们的学业发展和未来职业规划。

本文将通过对这篇写作范文的分析，探讨其中的观点和写作技巧，以期提高读者的写作能力。

（正文一）观点阐述与论证文章首先针对选课问题提出了作者的观点：大学生在选课时应该注重实用性和个人兴趣。

紧接着，作者通过列举实际案例和数据来支持自己的观点。

例如，作者提到了一位同学在选课中因为追求高分而忽视了自己的个人兴趣，并陷入了学习的枯燥乏味中。

作者还通过引用调查数据显示，大部分大学生对于选课更看重的是实用性和个人兴趣，这进一步加强了作者的论证力度。

（正文二）方法分析与比较随后，作者在文章中提出了一些可供大学生选课的方法，并进行了详细的分析与比较。

作者首先推荐了参加课程展示会和听取学长学姐的建议，以获取更多关于课程的信息。

其次，作者提出了选择多样化的课程来拓宽自己的知识面和技能，同时提醒学生根据自己的能力和兴趣来选择适合自己的课程。

作者还特别强调了大学生在选课时需要制定合理的学习计划，以确保自己能够充分消化并掌握所学的知识。

（正文三）写作技巧分析在整个文章的撰写过程中，作者运用了许多写作技巧来增强文章的可读性和说服力。

首先，作者采用了个例法和数据论证相结合的方式，使得文章的论据更加可信。

其次，作者运用了排比和对比的手法，使得文章的逻辑关系更加清晰，并增强了文章的表达力。

此外，作者还使用了一些形象生动的词语和句子，使得文章更具吸引力和感染力。

（结尾段）总结观点并展望未来在文章的结尾部分，作者对整篇文章进行了总结，并进一步展望了大学生选课问题的未来发展。

作者再次强调了实用性和个人兴趣在选课中的重要性，并鼓励大学生们在选课时要对自己的兴趣保持敏感，同时注重对学科前沿的关注和学习。

英语本科毕业论文写作的动机研究及其启示

启示与建议
根据研究结果，我们可以得出以下启示和建议：
1、教师应学生的兴趣爱好和特长，鼓励他们选择自己感兴趣的主题进行深入研究和分析。同时，教师也应该给予学生在写作过程中充分的指导和帮助，使他们能够更好地完成论文。
2、学校应适当调整课程设置和毕业要求，不仅要学生的写作技巧和规范性要求，也要注重培养学生的学术研究能力和独立思考精神。例如，可以开设一些针对性强的专题研讨课和学术写作课，以提高学生的学术素养和研究能力。
研究结果
通过文献综述和实证研究发现，学生们的写作动机主要来源于自身兴趣、课程要求和学术追求等方面。其中，自身兴趣是最主要的动机，学生们对所选主题感兴趣，并希望通过论文写作的方式表达自己的见解和想法；课程要求是次要动机，学生们为了满足毕业要求，完成课程任务而进行写作；学术追求是第三个动机，学生们希望通过学术研究提高自己的学术水平和能力。
2、研究现状和方法
目前，国内外学者对于毕业论文写作模式的研究主要集中在写作规范、写作技巧、写作实践等方面。通过文献综述和归纳分析等方法，可以总结出一些共性的特点和规律，为后续的研究提供参考。
3、研究内容和结果
Байду номын сангаас
本部分将通过对实际案例的分析和研究，总结出一些具有代表性的毕业论文写作模式，并对这些模式进行比较和分析。同时，通过对这些模式的比较和分析，也可以发现其中存在的问题和不足之处，提出改进的建议和措施。
3、学生自身也应该积极探索和发现自己的兴趣爱好和优势所在，并在写作过程中充分发挥自己的优势和特长。同时，学生也应该注重提高自己的学术素养和研究能力，例如掌握学术规范、熟悉研究方法、积累研究经验等。
参考内容
一、引言
毕业论文是每个本科学生必须完成的重要任务，也是衡量其学术能力和综合素质的重要指标。毕业论文的写作是一项复杂而系统的工程，需要学生具备扎实的专业知识，良好的研究能力，严谨的学术态度和创新的思维。因此，对本科毕业论文写作模式进行研究，对于提高学生的毕业论文质量，提高其学术能力和综合素质具有重要的意义。

应用型独立学院英语专业毕业论文写作问题分析及反思——以湖北大学知行学院为例

132019年47期总第487期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS应用型独立学院英语专业毕业论文写作问题分析及反思——以湖北大学知行学院为例文/王　琳一、引言英语专业的毕业论文是一个将理论学习与实践相结合的一个学习过程，是检验英语专业学生大学四年英语知识学习的一个实践标准，是对英语专业学生语言综合能力应用的一个考核，也是一所高等教育院校英语专业办学质量的一个直观反映。

二、我院英语专业毕业生论文写作的现状《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》(2000)指出：“毕业论文是考查学生综合能力，评估学业成绩的一个重要方式。

评分时除了考虑语言表达能力外，还应把独立见解和创新意识作为重要依据”。

结合应用型高等院校以培养应用型人才为主要的办学目标，湖北大学知行学院英语专业对英语专业(翻译方向)的毕业论文写作进行了近十年的探索与改革，引导学生开展创新型论文的写作，例如：最新影视作品、文学作品、宣传片的翻译与分析，旅游景点介绍的翻译与分析，家乡传统文化与习俗的翻译与分析，中国好故事的收集整理及翻译......在这个过程中，课题组对该学院2015-2019届英语专业毕业论文(翻译方向)开展了抽样调查，对创新型论文中存在的问题进行了统计分析，主要存在三个方面的问题：1.写作基本功不够扎实，语言表达能力不强，各种类型的语言表达错误太多，主要错误如下：错误类型错误数量百分比(%)词汇错误单词拼写错误32 5.47大小写错误7312.48词义混淆，用词不当9516.24冠词使用错误12 2.05介词使用错误518.72人称使用错误27 4.62句式错误复合句前后不一致14 2.39并列句的连接问题22 3.76句子成分残缺6911.79中式英语表达518.72语序颠倒29 4.96时态问题时态使用不一致19 3.25动词形式使用错误25 4.27非谓语动词使用错误18 3.08语态问题主动语态使用过于频繁33 5.64其他标点符号使用错误15 2.56总计585100从表中不难看出，论文中的语言表达错误出现最多的还是集中在词汇错误以及句式错误方面。

英语议论文写作类型介绍（英语议论文写作技巧）

英语议论文写作类型介绍(英语议论文写作技巧)英语议论文写作类型介绍(英语议论文写作技巧)无论是身处学校还是步入社会，许多人都有过写论文的经历，对论文都不陌生吧，通过论文写作可以培养我们的.科学研究能力。

那么问题来了，到底应如何写一篇优秀的论文呢？以下是小编为大家整理的英语议论文写作类型介绍(英语议论文写作技巧)，欢迎阅读与收藏。

（一）对比观点型当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。

有人选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。

请你以“Film or book, which do you prefer”为题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文：1、看电影：省时、有趣、易懂2、读原著：细节更多、语言优美3、我的看法及理由注意：1、词数：1502、参考词汇：original work或book in the original（原著）One possible VersionFilm or book, which do you preferis that it takes less time to understand the whole story. Besides, the film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow.They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. Meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful. home, reading quietly in a situation of my own, and what’s more, I am able to better understand the author’s ideas. In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.（二）方法建议型假如你在一间书店(该书店卖各种杂志和书籍)里打工，书店的老板是一个英国人。

英语专业学生英语议论文的语步结构分析

英语专业学生英语议论文的语步结构分析李谦【摘要】Argumentative writing has long been regarded as an essential mode of written discourse. How-ever, argumentative writing is a difficult type of text for students, especially for non-native learners. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the current situation of move-step structure of argumentative essays written by English majors in an EFL context. The corpus of English argumentative essays written by 100 Eng-lish major students in a university were built. A selected analytic framework was used to analyze the move-step structure of the essays. Results revealed that the majority of the argumentative essays were found to follow the three stages set in the model. Findings also showed the occurrence of two new moves that does not exist in the selected model. In the conclusion, pedagogical implications informed by these results and findings are offered to benefit teaching argumentative essay writing.%英语议论文一直以来被认为是书面语篇中一种基本的文本模式。

英语论文的写作方法与技巧

英语论文的写作方法与技巧成考：英语议的写作方法与技巧英语议论文的写作，大多有具体要点（即论点或论据）的限定，所以并不需要如何地纵横捭阖，如何地旁征博引。

但是，麻雀虽小，五脏俱全，一篇100来字的议论文，同样必须逻辑严密，结构清晰，语言洗练，必须论有中心，言而有据。

以下笔者试从篇章结构、句子修辞和词汇运用等三个方面来谈一谈写好一篇小议论文的基本方法和技巧。

一、篇章结构（一）先有规矩，然后才能从心所欲，不逾矩议论文的写作，住往从正反两方面来论述，且都有其约定俗成的议论模式，即从“主题句一正面论述，反面论述一结论”四大块去营造文章的基本结构（四块论）。

例如，某题目要求论述“学校规定‘课间学生只能呆在自己的教室里’对吗？”这一话题。

如果作者认为学校的规定不对，他就应该在文章第一块（段）亮出自己的观点：There is currently much discussion about whether students should stay in their own classrooms or not during break times.Personally I believe that—。

而第二块应该从正面论述“课间不能只呆在自己的教室里”的理由。

比方可以说：I would argue that break times are our only opportunity to choose what we want to do. 第三块那么从反面观点，即“课间只能呆在自己的教室里”出发，批驳对方观点或进一步阐述己方观点。

例如可以说：Another reason why people say that students have to stay in their own classes at break times is that it would be difficult to organize dinners.最后一块（段）那么用不同的语言再次强调已方观点。

英语议论文的写作方法与技巧指导

英语议论文的写作方法与技巧指导英语议论文的写作方法与技巧指导英语议论文的写作方法与技巧指导2020-04-21英语论文一、议论文的文体特点和写作要求英语议论文同中文议论文一样也是以议论的方式，通过摆事实、讲道理来阐述自己观点的一种文体。

高中英语议论文是一种限制性的写作, 其论点、论据、论证都必须十分明确，学生必须结合题目要求来阐述相关观点。

议论文的结构可分为三个部分：1、引言段引出一个令人关注的问题或明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对什么。

2、主体段对提出的问题进行分析、推论、并运用归纳法、演绎法和类比法等进行论证，取得以理服人的效果。

3、结论段可以用两三句话来结束文章，同时要注意重申论点，与引言段呼应，但不能照搬原话。

务必做到论点明确、要点齐全、论证严密、结构严谨、层次分明、首尾呼应。

二、议论文的写作方法与技巧一)、审好题人们常说：“磨刀不误砍柴功”。

审题是写作的开始，是写好作文的前提条件，“好的开始是成功的一半”，议论文写作也不例外。

只有明确题目要求，确立观点，确定论证方法及全文段落安排，才可能成功写出一篇好的议论文。

如果写偏了题，再精心的构思、再好的语言表达也是枉然。

审题主要包括六个方面：一是判断议论文所属类型。

英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型: ①“一分为二”的观点。

如：“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响”。

②“两者选一”的观点。

如：“乘火车还是乘飞机”。

③“我认为……”型，如：“你对课外阅读的看法”。

④“怎样……(how to)”型，如：“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”。

⑤ 图表作文，通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法(杨家贵，20xx)。

二是确立该文的论点或作者须持的观点，以及支撑论点的道理和事实。

三是确定全文所包括的要点。

四是确定段落数及每段适用的连接词、过渡句，使文章连接紧凑、过渡自然、层次分明。

五是选择全文主要时态及各段适用的其它时态。

英语议论文写作指导(对比分析---正反观点)

In my opinion, I am for this programme. As long as our study is not disturbed, we can watch it.
Dear editor, I am writing to tell you about my classmates’
议论文写作指导
对比分析正反观点
正反观点对比
对同一件事情，人们常有不同的看法，即正反两种观点。在写作时，常使用一般现在时。写作格式一般是：提出问题→两种不同观点→对两种不同观点的论据（理由）逐项作对比。有时题目会要求说出自己的观点，可在结尾段加上自己的观点并简要说明理由，最好不要重复前面的已谈到的理由。写作方式一般采用集中比较。在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：
family. 当然在提出多个论据时，也可用First, …Second, … Third, …来列举论据。
80% students support it. The programme is creative and unique. It provides a stage for young people to show their talents. It lets young people gain more confidence than ever.
It makes people feel that they can succeed without making any effort.
It makes people feel that they can achieve success without hard work.
3. It will misled the young in some ways.

英语专业学生议论文写作中的问题分析

２．的人基本切题，内容偶有不相关之处，１３６但４．４的人切题性较高，证比较充分，论只有２的人０
中心论点和论据都非常明确，且论证充分。
（）构二结
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２１００年３月第２卷第２８期
合肥师范学院学报
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英语专业学生议论文写作中的问题分析
何晔
要求还有必要加以考察。为了了解并掌握英语专业学生写作中的主要问题，本文研究了１０名二年级大４
文的评分标准，研究拟从内容、构、言和文体本结语四个方面评判学生作文，每个方面分为１ —５分的５个等级，分为优秀，为最差。具体的评分标准５１分
描述、分析学生在各个参数上存在的问题。