材料力学词汇中英对照按汉语拼音字母顺序A安全因数safetyfactor

材料力学词汇中英对照
（按汉语拼音字母顺序）
A
安全因数safety factor
B
半桥接法half bridge
闭口薄壁杆thin-walled tubes
比例极限proportional limit
边界条件boundary conditions
变截面梁beam of variable cross section
变形deformation
变形协调方程compatibility equation
标距gage length
泊松比Poisson’s ratio
补偿块compensating block
C
材料力学mechanics of materials
冲击荷载impact load
初应力，预应力initial stress
纯剪切pure shear
纯弯曲pure bending
脆性材料brittle materials
D
大柔度杆long columns
单位荷载unit load
单位力偶unit couple
单位荷载法unit-load method 单向应力，单向受力uniaxial stress
等强度梁beam of constant strength 低周疲劳low-cycle fatigue
电桥平衡bridge balancing
电阻应变计resistance strain gage
电阻应变仪resistance strain indicator 叠加法superposition method
叠加原理superposition principle
动荷载dynamic load
断面收缩率percentage reduction in area 多余约束redundant restraint
E
二向应力状态state of biaxial stress
F
分布力distributed force
复杂应力状态state of triaxial stress
复合材料composite material
G
杆，杆件bar
刚度stiffness
刚架，构架frame
刚结点rigid joint
高周疲劳high-cycle fatigue
各向同性材料isotropical material
功的互等定理reciprocal-work theorem 工作应变计active strain gage
工作应力working stress
构件structural member
惯性半径radius of gyration of an area 惯性积product of inertia
惯性矩，截面二次轴距moment of inertia 广义胡克定律generalized Hook’s law
H
横向变形lateral deformation
胡克定律Hook’s law
滑移线slip-lines
J
基本系统primary system
畸变能理论distortion energy theory
畸变能密度distortional strain energy density
极惯性矩，截面二次极矩polar moment of inertia
极限应力ultimate stress
极限荷载limit load
挤压应力bearing stress
剪力shear force
剪力方程equation of shear force
剪力图shear force diagram
剪流shear flow
剪切胡克定律Hook’s law for shear
剪切shear
交变应力，循环应力cyclic stress
截面法method of sections
截面几何性质geometrical properties of an area
截面核心core of section
静不定次，超静定次数degree of a statically indeterminate problem 静不定问题，超静定问题statically indeterminate problem
静定问题statically determinate problem
静荷载static load
静矩，一次矩static moment
颈缩necking
开口薄壁杆bar of thin-walled open cross section 抗拉强度ultimate stress in tension
抗扭截面系数section modulus in torsion
抗扭强度ultimate stress in torsion
抗弯截面系数section modulus in bending
L
拉压刚度axial rigidity
拉压杆，轴向承载杆axially loaded bar
理想弹塑性假设elastic-perfectly plastic assumption
力法force method
力学性能mechanical properties
连续梁continuous beam
连续条件continuity condition
梁beams
临界应力critical stress
临界荷载critical load
M
迈因纳定律Miner’s law
名义屈服强度offset yielding stress
莫尔强度理论Mohr theory of failure
敏感栅sensitive grid
挠度deflection
挠曲轴deflection curve
挠曲轴方程equation of deflection curve
挠曲轴近似微分方程approximately differential equation of the
deflection curve
内力internal forces
扭力矩twisting moment
扭矩torsional moment
扭矩图torque diagram
扭转torsion
扭转极限应力ultimate stress in torsion
扭转角angel of twist
扭转屈服强度yielding stress in torsion
扭转刚度torsional rigidity
O
欧拉公式Euler’s formula
P
疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限endurance limit
疲劳破坏fatigue rupture
疲劳寿命fatigue life
偏心拉伸eccentric tension
偏心压缩eccentric compression
平均应力average stress
平面弯曲plane bending
平面应力状态state of plane stress
平行移轴定理parallel axis theorem
平面假设plane cross-section assumption
Q
强度strength
强度理论theory of strength
强度条件strength condition
切变模量shear modulus
切应变shear strain
切应力shear stress
切应力互等定理theorem of conjugate shearing stress
屈服yield
屈服强度yield strength
全桥接线法full bridge
R
热应力thermal stress
S
三向应力状态state of triaxial stress
三轴直角应变花three-element rectangular rosette
三轴等角应变花three-element delta rosette
失稳buckling
伸长率elongation
圣维南原理Saint-Venant’s principle
实验应力分析experimental stress analysis
塑性变形，残余变形plastic deformation
塑性材料，延性材料ductile materials
塑性铰plastic hinge
T
弹簧常量spring constant
弹性变形elastic deformation
弹性模量modulus of elasticity
体积力body force
体积改变能密度density of energy of volume change
体应变volume strain
W
弯矩bending moment
弯矩方程equation of bending moment
弯矩图bending moment diagram
弯曲bending
弯曲刚度flexural rigidity
弯曲正应力normal stress in bending
弯曲切应力shear stress in bending
弯曲中心shear center
位移法displacement method
位移互等定理reciprocal-displacement theorem 稳定条件stability condition
稳定性stability
稳定安全因数safety factor for stability
X
细长比，柔度slenderness ratio
线性弹性体linear elastic body
约束扭转constraint torsion
相当长度，有效长度equivalent length
相当应力equivalent stress
小柔度杆short columns
形心轴centroidal axis
形状系数shape factor
许用应力allowable stress
许用应力法allowable stress method
许用荷载allowable load
许用荷载法allowable load method
Y
应变花strain rosette
应变计strain gage
应变能strain energy
应变能密度strain energy density
应力stress
应力速率stress ratio
应力比stress ratio
应力幅stress amplitude
应力状态state of stress
应力集中stress concentration 应力集中因数stress concentration factor
应力－寿命曲线，S-N 曲线stress-cycle curve 应力－应变图stress-strain diagram 应力圆，莫尔圆Mohr’s circle for stresses
Z
正应变normal strain
正应力normal stress
中面middle plane
中柔度杆intermediate columns
中性层neutral surface
中性轴neutral axis
轴shaft
轴力axial force
轴力图axial force diagram
轴向变形axial deformation
轴向拉伸axial tension
轴向压缩axial compression
主平面principal planes
主应力principal stress
主应力迹线principal stress trajectory
主轴principal axis
主惯性矩principal moment of inertia
主形心惯性矩principal centroidal moments of inertia 主形心轴principal centroidal axis
转角angel of rotation
转轴公式transformation equation
自由扭转free torsion
组合变形combined deformation
组合截面composite area
最大切应力理论maximum shear stress theory
最大拉应变理论maximum tensile strain theory
最大拉应力理论maximum tensile stress theory
最大应力maximum stress
最小应力minimum stress。