英语现在完成时态讲解

现在完成时

一、定义：表示一个动作在过去发生并对现在产生影响

表示一个动作由过去发生持续到现在有可能停下，也有可能延续下去

表示一个动作从过去开始发生到目前为止已经发生多次。

二、构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成的，

其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。

如：I have just cleaned my clothes．我刚洗过衣服。

My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。

友情提示：在现在完成时的各种结构中，have, has均为助动词，无实际意义，只起构成时态的作用，不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。

过去分词

1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

四点变化规则：

(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,

play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed

(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

2 、不规则动词：

AAA型

原型过去式过去分词

burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost

cut cut cut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt

put put put set set set shut shut shut

spread spread spread let let let

AAB型

beat beat beaten

ABA型

become became become run ran run come came come

特殊情况

read read read

read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/

ABB型

bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built

burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug

feel felt felt fight fought foughtfind found found

lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost

make made made meet met met sell sold sold

ABC型

begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken

choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven

drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven

三、现在完成时的时间副词

①用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。

②用ever “曾经”和never“从未”。它们多用于否定或疑问句中。

Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？

I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。

③用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, so far, until now, in the past few years等。

I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times in the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。

④用for+一段时间，since+时间点。

I've lived here for 15 years. 我已经在这里住十五年了。

I've lived here since 15 years ago. 自从十五年前我就住在这里了。

Mr. Green has worked here since he came to China. 自从来到中国，格林先生一直在这里工作。

三、句型转换：

1. 否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't （hasn't）＋过去分词...”。

如：I have not seen the movie yet. 我还没看这部电影。

2. 一般疑问句：Have（Has）+主语+过去分词...？

如：—Have you finished the work？你已经做完这项工作了吗？

—Yes, I have. 是的，我已经做完了。（No, I haven't. 不，我还没有做完。）

—Has she arrived here？她已经到这儿了吗？

—Yes, she has. 是的，她已经到了。（No, she hasn't. 不，她还没有到这儿。）

3. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have（has）+主语+过去分词...？

如：How many times have you been to the Great Wall？你去过长城几次？

友情提示：肯定句中有some, already时，改为否定句或疑问句时通常要分别改为any, yet。

如： I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。

→ I haven't finished my homework yet. (否定句)

→ Have you finished your homework yet? (一般疑问句)

四、现在完成时的用法：

1. 现在完成时的“完成用法”：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。也就是说现在完成时虽与过去有关，但实际上看重的是对现在的影响或结果。例:

(1)He has turned off the light．

他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况——灯现在不亮了。）

（2）Who has opened the window?

谁把窗子打开了？（动作发生在过去，但说明的是现在的情况——现在窗子开着呢。）（3）I've finished my homework now.