年产4万吨甲醛装置的初步工艺设计

摘要

本设计为4万吨37.4%甲醛水溶液的生产工艺初步设计，本设计采用银催化法工艺，首先简单介绍了我国甲醛工业的发展，现状及以后的发展趋势。根据设计要求对工艺流程进行了选择与论证，对整个装置进行了物料与能量的衡算，对主要设备和管道进行了设计及选型，同时对本装置的安全生产与“三废”治理作了相关讨论并进行经济的初步核算。

本设计配有设计说明书一本，附图4张。说明书包括:1、总论；2、工艺流程的选择及论证；3、年产4万吨37.4%甲醛水溶液工艺计算；4、非标准设备的计算及定性设备的选型；5、工艺管道计算；6、安全以及“三废”治理；7、技术经济初步核算。图纸包括：1、带控制点的工艺管道及工艺流程图；2、氧化器装配图；3、装置平面图；4、装置立面图。

关键词：甲醛；甲醇；氧化；工艺；电解银

Abstract

The design is primary for the manufacturing process of formaldehyde 40,000 tons per year, and adopts Ag as catalyst. According to the design, the craft production way of formaldehyde was selected and the technology was investigated. The main equipments and pipes were designed or selected. At the same time, safely producing and dealing with “three waste ”were argued and technology economic was originally estimated.

The design consists of an instruction book and a series of diagram. The instruction book includes:1.Introduction.2.Choice and demonstration of the technological process.3.40,000 tons per year 37.4% formaldehyde crafts for production were designed.4.It is not a selecting type of the equipment of calculation and finalizing the design of the standard device.5.The craft pipeline calculating.6.Security and abatement of ”three waste”.7.Economic initial estimate of technology. The diagram include:1.The pipeline of the device and process flow sheet with controlled pot.2.Assemblage chart of the oxidant.3.Plane figure of the device.4.The blueprints of factory.

Keywords: formaldehyde; Methanol; Oxidation; Technology; Electrolysis Silver

目录

第一章前言 ..................................................................................................................... - 1 -第二章绪论 ..................................................................................................................... - 2 -

2.1 我国甲醛工业的发展过程.................................................................................... - 2 -

2.1.1 起步阶段..................................................................................................... - 2 -

2.1.2 发展阶段..................................................................................................... - 2 -

2.1.3 快速增长阶段............................................................................................. - 2 -

2.2 我国甲醛工业的现状............................................................................................ - 3 -

2.2.1 生产工艺..................................................................................................... - 3 -

2.2.2 生产能力和产量......................................................................................... - 3 -

2.2.3 技术指标..................................................................................................... - 4 -

2.3 影响我国甲醛价格的主要因素............................................................................ - 5 -

2.3.1 生产成本..................................................................................................... - 5 -

2.3.2 下游需求状况............................................................................................. - 5 -

2.3.3 地区差异..................................................................................................... - 6 -

2.4 产品说明................................................................................................................ - 6 -

2.4.1 产品名称..................................................................................................... - 6 -

2.4.2 产品性质..................................................................................................... - 6 -

2.5 产品用途................................................................................................................ - 8 -

2.6 原材料说明............................................................................................................ - 8 -

2.7 甲醛工业的发展趋势............................................................................................ - 9 -

2.7.1 开发选用优良的催化剂............................................................................. - 9 -

2.7.2需求量增加.................................................................................................. - 9 -

2.7.3 采用新进的生产工艺流程......................................................................... - 9 -

2.7.4设备组合化大型化.................................................................................... - 10 -

2.7.5 产品简介................................................................................................... - 10 -

2.8 甲醛的主要技术指标.......................................................................................... - 10 -第三章合成方法及生产技术比较.......................................................................... - 11 -

3.1 甲醛的合成方法................................................................................................... - 11 -

3.1.1 甲醛空气氧化法........................................................................................ - 11 -

3.1.2 二甲醚催化氧化法.................................................................................... - 11 -

3.1.3 低碳烷烃直接氧化法................................................................................ - 11 -

3.1.4 甲缩醛氧化法............................................................................................ - 11 -

3.2 生产工艺比较...................................................................................................... - 12 -

3.2.1 工艺技术比较........................................................................................... - 12 -

3.2.2 银催化剂法和铁钼催化剂法的特点的比较........................................... - 13 -

3.3 国内外甲醛装置能耗比较.................................................................................. - 13 -

3.4生产工艺方案的选择........................................................................................... - 14 -