建筑史中英文对照
建筑专业词汇中英文对照
建筑build; architecture; construct;architectural; architectural & industrial ceramics建筑安装工程量construction work quantity 建筑板材building board建筑材料表list of building materials建筑材料检验building material testing建筑材料行building material dealer建筑材料运输列车construction train建筑草图architectural sketch建筑朝向building orientation建筑成本预算construction cost estimate建筑承包商building contractor建筑尺度architectural scale建筑处理architectural treatment建筑创作architectural creation建筑大五金architectural metalwork建筑大样architectural detail建筑单元building unit建筑费construction cost建筑风格architectural style建筑辅助系统building subsystem建筑车冈construction(al) steel建筑钢板building sheet建筑高度building height; height of building建筑高度分区building height zoning; height zoning建筑工程升降机builder's lift建筑工地选择siting建筑工羊角锤头builder's claw hammer head 建筑工业building industry; construction industry建筑工种building trades建筑构思architectural conception建筑构图composition on architecture; architectural composition建筑构造building construction建筑估价building cost estimate建筑管理architectural control建筑规程building regulations建筑规范building code建筑机械construction machinery; building machinery建筑及维护规则recommendation建筑结构building structure建筑结构分析语言structural engineering system solver (STRESS)建筑立面elevation of building; building elevation建筑沥青bitumen for building; building asphalt No. 10建筑力学architectural mechanics建筑铝型材生产线architectural aluminum profile production line建筑毛面积gross floor area建筑毛造价gross building cost建筑面积area of structure; covered area建筑面积比floor-area ratio (建筑面积指标floor-space index (建筑模数building module建筑酉己景entourage of building建筑平面architectural plane; building plane 建筑起重机building crane; construction-site crane建筑砌块building block建筑气候分区climate region of building建筑青铜architectural bronze建筑青铜合金architectural bronze建筑声学architectural acoustics建筑石paring stone建筑石料building stone建筑时期观念construction period concept 建筑史architectural history; history of architecture建筑收进线building setback line建筑陶板architectural terra-cotta (ATC)建筑陶瓷architectural pottery建筑特色architectural feature建筑体积architectural volume; cubage建筑体积计算cubing建筑体系building system建筑体形building size建筑透视architectural perspective建筑外壳building shell建筑夕卜形architectural appearance建筑物building; structure建筑物保险building insurance建筑物朝向direction of building建筑物基础building foundation 建筑物间距distance between buildings 建筑物理architectural physics; building physics建筑物缺隐building deficiency建筑物入口building entrance建筑物租约building lease建筑现场construction 建筑限制building restriction 建筑限制线building restriction line建筑效果architectural effect 建筑型钢轧机机座structural stand建筑型式type of construction; architectural form建筑遗产architectural heritage建筑艺术architectural art建筑艺术处理artistic treatment in architecture; architectural treatment 建筑艺术形式artistic form of architecture 建筑用地building lot; building site; lot 建筑用地规划plot planning; block planning 建筑用车冈铁constructional iron 建筑用黄铜architectural brass建筑用木材building timber建筑用提升机service-building elevator 建筑原理architectonics; architectural principle建筑造型艺术art of architectural modeling 建筑占地系数coefficient of land used for buildings建筑障碍architectural barriers 建筑照明architectural lighting建筑折旧准备buildings depreciation reserve 建筑哲理architectural philosophy建筑柱式architectural orders; orders of architecture建筑装饰architectural decoration; architectural ornament建筑装饰彩釉砂涂料color-glazed sand paint for building decoration建筑装饰学architectural decoration建筑装修五金architectural metalwork建筑自动化building automation建筑自重structural weight per square meter 建筑渲染architectural rendering; rendu施工construct; execution; construction; execution of works施工安装图construction and erection drawing施工安装用的机械及工具machines and tools for construction and erection施工标桩construction stake施工布置图construction plan施工步骤construction procedure; construction steps施工测量construction survey施工程序construction program; execution programme for works施工程序网络图project network施工贷款construction loan施工单位construction organization; builder 施工道路construction road 施工地点job location施工吊车construction hoist施工定额construction norm施工队construction team施工方法job practice施工方式form of construction work施工费用construction cost施工缝construction joint施工工程construction work施工工程师construction engineer; operating engineer施工工程学construction engineering施工工期construction period施工工种construction trade施工规模scope of construction item; size of construction施工荷载construction loads; working load 施工合同construction contract施工机械construction machinery施工机械费cost of constructor's mechanical plant施工机械化mechanization of building operation; mechanization of construction施工机械化系数coefficient of construction mechanization施工技术财务计划financial plan for construction technology施工计戈ij construction plan; construction program(me)施工监督supervision of construction; supervision; monitoring施工检查inspection of construction施工检查员construction inspector施工阶段construction stage; construction phase施工进度construction progress施工进度表schedule of construction; schedule of operations; work-schedule施工进度计戈U detailed construction schedule;construction schedule施工经济学construction economics施工经理construction manager施工经验construction experience施工卷扬机builder's hoist; builder's winch施工临时螺栓construction bolt施工流水作业法construction streamline method施工面积floor space under construction施工平面图construction plan施工期construction period施工起重机construction hoist施工企业construction enterprises施工前阶段preconstruction stage施工区construction area施工缺陷constructional deficiency施工人员constructor; builder施工设备plant for construction; construction equipment施工设计detail design; detailed engineering 施工水平仪builder's level施工说明general description of construction 施工说明书construction specifications 施工图设计construction documents design 施工图设计阶段construction documents design phase; construction documents phase 施工图预算working drawing estimate施工文件construction documents （包括施工图及说明）施工误差construction error施工现场fabricating yard; job location施工详图detail of construction; construction detail; working drawing施工项目project under construction; construction item施工项目编号construction item reference number施工效率efficiency of construction施工性能workability施工许可证builder's license施工验收技术规范technical code for work and acceptance施工依据manufacture bases施工营业执照builder's license施工预算construction estimate施工执照building permit施工准备preliminary work for construction; preparations for construction施工准备计戈ij preparatory plan施工总平面图overall construction site plan施工总贝U general conditions of construction 施工组织设计construction managementplan施工作业计戈ij w ork element construction program项目subject of entry; item项目报告project paper项目编制阶段project preparation phase项目标记project mark项目财务估价project financial evaluation项目采购project purchasing项目成本project cost; item cost项目筹备融通资金project preparation facility (PPF)项目贷款project finance; project-financing loan; project loan项目单menu项目的拟订project formulation项目的所有者owner of the project项目的总投标价值total tender value of project项目发展周期project development cycle项目范围scope of project项目方案project alternatives项目分隔符item separation symbol项目分类classification of items项目分酉己allocation of items项目分析item analysis 项目工程师project engineer项目工程师负责制project engineer system 项目管理project management项目管理人project manager项目号item number项目核对法check list (市场调查技术之一)项目核准权projects approval authority项目后评价post project evaluation项目后评价和后继行动post project evaluation and follow-up项目戈U 分segregation of items项目化组织projectized organization项目环境生态评价environmental appraisal of a project项目货款额度project line项目技术评价project technology evaluation 项目计戈U project plan项目计戈U设计图p roject planning chart项目记;录item record项目加权item weighting项目检验回归曲线item-test regressioncurve项目建设费用cost of project implementation 项目建设进度表project implementation scheduling项目建议书proposals for the projects项目经济估价project economic evaluation; economic evaluation of aproject项目经理project manager项目矩阵组织project matrix organization项目控制project control项目块entry block项目历史history of project项目目标管理project management by objectives项目拟订project formulation项目匹配法matching item项目评估project appraisal; project evaluation项目评估法Project Evaluation and Review Technique项目企业经济评价enterprise's economic appraisal of a project项目删除deletion of items项目上端item top项目社会评价project's social value appraisal 项目设备project equipment项目设计item design项目设计工程师负责制project engineer responsibility system项目生产project production项目说明item des cription项目说明书specification of an item项目投资时期investment phase of a project 项目图与布置图project charts and layouts 项目网络法project network technique项目网络分析project network analysis项目文件item file项目/J、组project group; project team organization项目行item line项目修理通知单item repairing order项目选择project selection项目训练法project training项目研究编目item study listing项目研究小组project team项目一次采购法project purchasing项目一览表itemized schedule项目预算program budget; project budget项目预算编制program budgeting项目政治评价political appraisal of a project项目支助业务project supporting services项目执行project implementation项目执行情况审计报告project performance audity report (PPAR)项目指标project indicators项目转移item advance项目资金筹措project financing质量grade; mass; quality; qualitative properties; mass (物理用语)质量百分比mass percent质量半径关系mass-radius relation质量保持率quality retention质量保证quality assurance质量保证技术出版物quality assurance technical publications质量保证计戈U quality control system质量保证控制程序quality assurance operating procedure质量保证手册quality control (assurrance) manual质量保证体系quality assurance (control) system质量保证验收标准quality assurance acceptance standard质量保证制度quality certification system质量比mass ratio质量上匕电阻mass specific resistance质量变坏debase质量标度mass scale质量标志quality mark质量标准quality level; quality specification; quality standard质量不灭定律law of conservation of mass 质量不平衡mass unbalance质量不足mass deficiency质量参数mass parameter; quality parameters 质量测定mass measurement; quality determination质量测定系统quality measurement system质量测量mass measurement质量层化mass loss segregation质量差价quality price differentials质量差异mass discrepancy质量产额mass yield质量产额分布mass-yield distribution质量产额曲线mass yield curve质量成本quality cost质量传递mass transmission; mass transport; mass transfer质量传递机理mass transport mechanism质量传递系数coefficient of mass transfer质量单位unit of mass; mass units质量弹簧缓冲器组合mass-spring dashpot combination; mass-spring-dashpot combination质量弹簧系统mass-spring system质量弹簧阻尼器体系mass-spring-dashpot system质量弹性特性mass-elastic characteristics 质量当量mass equivalent质重倒数reciprocal质量的米制技术单位massmetric-technical unit of mass (TME)质量的相对论性变化relativistic change in mass质量的相对论性增加relativistic increase of mass质量等级quality grade质量等级因素grade factors质量低劣bum; inferiority of quality; inferior quality质量低劣的bum质量第一quality first质量电感模拟mass-inductance analogy质量电阻率mass resistivity质量定律mass law质量发光度半径关系mass-luminosity-radius relation质量反应性系数mass coefficient of reactivity质量范围mass range质量方程mass equation质量分辨本领mass resolution质量分布mass distribution质量分布函数mass function质量分光计mass spectrometer质量分类试验attribute testing质量分离mass separation质量分离器mass separator; mass-separator 质量分散mass dispersion质量分析mass analysis; quality analysis质量分析离子动能度谱术mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry质量分析器mass analyzer质量分析仪mass-synchrometer质量丰度mass abundance质量峰mass peak质量辐合mass convergence质量辐散mass divergence质量辐射阻止本领mass radiative stopping power质量幅度quality latitude质量负载mass loading质量改善剂modifying agent; quality booster 质量工程quality engineering质量公式mass formula质量管理quality control; quality management 质量管理检验quality control check质量管理系统quality control system质量管理制度quality control system质量惯性矩mass mement of inertia质量规格quality requirement; quality standard; specification of quality质量过大恒星overmassive star质量过滤器mass filter质量过剩mass excess质量函数mass function; quality function质量和可靠性目标quality and reliability objective质量合格标准acceptable quality level质量合格证certification of fitness质量厚度mass thickness质量换算因子mass conversion factor质量集中分析qualitative investigation质量级quality-class质量计量学qualimetry质量监测台monitoring desk质量监督quality monitoring质量监视控制台quality monitor console质量检测器mass detector质量检查quality inspection质量检查科quality control division (QCD)质量检查证明书quality inspection certificate质量检定quality arbitration质量检验quality control surveillance; quality test; quality inspection质量检验标准quality control standards (QCS)质量检验器quality checker质量减损mass decrement质量鉴定试验qualification test (QT)质量鉴定试验程序qualification test procedure质量鉴定试验规范qualification test specification质量交换速度mass-transfer rate质量交换系数mass transfer coefficient质量交流mass exchange质量矩moment of mass质量矩阵mass matrix质量抗mass reactance质量壳mass shell质量可靠性保证quality reliability assurance 质量控制mass control; quality monitoring; quality control质量控制标准quality control specification质量控制传感器quality control pick-up质量控制等级quality control level质量控制电动扬声器mass-controlled dynamic loudspeaker质量控制计戈U qualitycontrol planning质量控制检查qualitycontrol checking质量控制可靠性quality control reliability质量控制手册quality control manual质量控制数据quality control data质量控制体系quality control system 质量控制图quality control chart质量控制系统quality control system质量控制振荡器mass-controlled oscillator 质量亏损mass loss; mass defect质量扩散mass diffusion质量扩散率mass diffusivity质量累积检测器mass integral detector质量灵敏值mass sensitive quantity;mass-sensitive quantity质量瘤mascon质量流动mass flow质量流动连续条件condition of mass flow continuity质量流动速度mass velocity质量流动学说mass flow theory质量流过速率mass rate of flow质量流控制mass flow control质量流量flow mass; mass flow; mass flow rate质量流量上匕mass flow ratio质量流量常数mass flow constant质量流量方程mass flow equation质量流量计mass flowmeter质量流量控制器mass flow controller质量流量率mass rate of flow质量流量敏感性检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector质量流量扰动mass-flowrate perturbation 质量流量系数mass flow coefficient质量流量压差关系mass flowpressure-difference relation质量流率mass flowrate质量流速mass velocity质量密度mass density; specific mass质量密集mascon质量面mass surface质量面积上匕mass area ratio质量敏感分离器mass sensitive deflector质量能量传递系数mass energy transfer coefficient质量能量换算系数mass energy conversion coefficient质量浓度mass concentration质量判据quality criteria质量抛射mass ejection质量碰撞阻止本领mass collission stopping power质量偏差mass deviation质量平衡mass balance质量平均值mass average value质量评定grade estimation; qualitative assessment; quality evaluation; qualification; merit rating质量迁移率mass-transfer rate质量趋势quality trends质量曲线figure-of-merit curve; mass curve; mass diagram质量全息术mass holograghy质量缺陷mass defect质量燃烧速率mass burning rate 质量散度mass divergence质量散射系数mass scattering coefficient质量色谱法mass chromatography质量色谱分析mass chromatographic analysis质量实质quality entity质量试验quality test质量试验规范quality test schedule质量试验器quality tester质量守恒mass conservation; conservation of mass质量守恒定律law of conservation of mass质量守恒定律方程equation of mass conservation质量守恒方程mass conservation equation质量守恒原理principle of mass conservation 质量输运mass transport质量数mass number; unclear number; nucleon number质量数标度mass scale质量数测定mass assignment质量数指示器mass marker质量衰减mass attenuation质量衰减系数mass attenuation coefficient质量双线mass doublet质量说明书quality specification质量速度mass velocity质量速度上匕mass-velocity ratio质量算符mass operator质量碎片法mass fragmentography (MF)质量碎片谱法mass fragmentography质量损失mass loss质量损失率mass loss rate质量特性quality characteristic; quality coefficient质量通量mass flux质量统计检验statistical quality control质量温度关系mass-temperature relation质量稳定性评价标准quality retention rating 质量吸收mass absorption质量吸收系数mass absorption coefficient质量吸收效应mass-absorption effect质量系数mass coefficient; mass factor; quality factor质量限额mass limit质量响应mass-basis response质量项mass term质量小恒星undermassive star质量效果mass effect质量效应mass effect质量型检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector质量性状qualitative character; quality character质量循环速度mass circulation velocity质量压力mass pressure质量要求pres cription; quality requirements 质量遗传qualitative genetics; qualitative inheritance质量移动姿态控制系统mass-motion attitude control system; mass-shifting attitude control system质量因数factor of quality质量因数计Q-meter质量因素quality factor质量因素比quality factor ratio质量因子factor of merit质量弓I 力mass attraction质量弓I 力垂线mass attraction vertical质量优良的小客车quality car质量再循环率mass recirculation质量增加mass addition质量甄另1J mass discrimination质量诊断quality diagnostics质量证明certificate of quality质量指标qualitative index; quality index; quality indicator; quality target质量指南quality guideline质量指示器mass indicator; mass marker质量指数quality index number质量中位直径mass median diameter质量中心centre of mass; mass center; mass centroid; centroid; center of mass质量中心轴线centroidal axis质量重整化mass renormalization质量转移mass transfer质量转移反应mass-transfer reaction质量转移理论mass transfer theory质量阻止本领mass stopping power质量组分mass component质量作用mass action质里作用7E律mass action law; law of mass action质量作用效应mass action effect质量作用原理mass action principle现场field engineering; job site; site; scene (FE)现场安装field mounted (FM)现场安装工作on-site installation work现场安装和维修条件installation and maintenance conditions at field现场安装螺栓field bolting; field bolt现场安装容器field assembly of vessels现场操作规范field-work standards现场抽查spot checking现场淬火field quenching现场存货field warehousing现场的local现场电视监测生产法television-monitored production现场调查field investigation; field survey;spot investigation; fieldmethod; spot survey; (spot) field investigation 现场调查设计field survey design现场调查员field worker现场调度spot dispatch现场发泡foam-in-place现场仿真field simulation现场访问facility visit现场工作field work 现场管理field management; worksite management现场灌注球基桩franki pile现场焊接field weld; site weld; site welding; field welding现场核查on-site verification现场核数员field auditor现场计数field enumeration现场计算field calculation现场记录record on spot现场加工field processing现场检查on-site inspection; on-spot check; spot checking现场检验field inspection; on-site inspection; floor inspection; spot inspection现场交货delivery on the spot; ex works现场交货价格ex point of origin现场交通site traffic现场浇铸cast-in-place现场浇筑cast in situs现场接线field connection现场经仑己floor broker; pit broker现场决标award at tender opening现场勘测site survey现场勘察on-the-spot investigation现场可变只读存储器field alterable ROM 现场可更换部件field-replaceable unit现场客floor trader现场控制台field control station现场联结field connection现场录音live recording现场钏钉对接接头site riveted butt joint现场钏接field rivet(t)ing; site rivet(ing)现场配料field mix现场平衡法field balancing technique现场清洗in-place cleaning现场人员训练field personnel training现场摄像机field camera; live camera现场设备field apparatus现场生产性能测定on-farm performance 现场实习workshop practice现场实验field experiment现场使用field service; field usage现场使用可靠性on-the-job dependability 现场试验field experiment; field test; field investigation; fieldtrial; site test; site trial; on-the-spot experiment现场试验程序field test procedures现场手册field manual现场数据field data现场栓接field bolted现场踏勘reconnaissance trip现场统计field statistics现场维修field maintenance; on-site repair 现场修理current repair; spot repair现场研究field study现场以外的训练vestibule training现场用压缩机field service compressor现场制造field manufacturing现场制作field fabrication; fabrication on site 现场装酉己field connection现场组装field assembly现场总线fieldbus现场可替换单元LRU现场的on-site现场冷却spot cooling现场冷却；局部冷却spot cooling。
中外建筑史名词中英文对照
金字塔pyramid 方尖碑obelisk 牌门楼pylon莲花式柱lotus column 纸草花式柱papyrus column 棕榈叶式柱palm column塔庙ziggurat 列柱围廊式peristyle 山花pediment多立克柱式Doric order 伊奥尼亚柱式Ionic order 曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
科林斯柱式Corinthian order 檐口cornice 檐部entablature檐壁frieze 额枋architrave 柱头capital柱身column shaft 槽沟flute 圆底线脚torus柱基plinth 台基stylobate 输水道aqueduct万神庙pantheon 凯旋门triumphal arch 角斗场colosseum广场forum 托斯卡柱式Tuscan order 门廊potch,portico小穹顶cupola 平嵌线reglet 主穹顶main dome半穹顶semi dome 帆拱pendentive 会堂basilica中厅central nave 侧廊aisle 半圆形壁龛apse袖廊transept 柱廊colonnade 神坛altar拱廊atcade 壁上拱廊blind arcade 塔楼turret玫瑰窗rose window 扶壁buttress 尖顶pinnacle滴水兽gargoyle 顶端饰finial 花色窗棂tracery四叶饰quatrefoil 五叶饰cinquefoil 府邸mansion,palazzo鼓座drum 采光塔lantern 小侧窗bulleye window涡卷装饰cartouche 宣礼塔minaret 圣龛mihrab,prayer niche讲坛mimbar,pulpit 拱式vault type 筒拱barrel vault棱拱groin vault 肋骨拱rib bed vault 星形拱stellar vault网状拱reticulated vault 扇形拱fan vault 倒槽式拱trough vault钟乳拱stalactite vault 券式arch type 半圆券semicircular arch尖券pointed arch 弧形券segmental arch 葱花券ogee arch马蹄券horseshoe arch 交角券squinch 穹式dome type半球形穹顶semespherical dome 葱花穹顶ogee dome 方穹顶square dome阿拉伯花饰arabesque 阿拉伯式柱头Arabian capital中国古建史名词中英文对照1、中国古代建筑及构造宫palace,temple 殿hall 厅hall 又称“堂” 室room 房house亭pavilion阁pavilion 榭pavilion on terrace 水榭waterside pavilion台platform 坛altar 楼storied building廊colonnade 轩windowed veranda 民居folk house四合院courtyard house 寨stockaded village 舫boat house阙que, watchtower 牌楼pailou, decorated gateway 华表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda 硬山flush gable roof 悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof 庑殿hip roof 四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof 重檐double eave roof 攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof 大木wooden structure 大式wooden frame with dougong 小式wooden frame without dougong 大木作carpentry work 小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction井干式构架log cabin construction 檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column 内槽柱hypostyle column 唐代术语内柱hypostyle column 宋代术语山柱center column 角柱corner column 唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post 蜀柱king post 宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column 宋代术语侧脚cejiao 宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语角背bracket 由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩wooden pier 梁beam驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语袱beam 宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam 平梁3-purlin beam 宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam 四椽袱5-purlin beam 宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam 六椽袱7-purlin beam 宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam 宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam 双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam 乳袱rufu, beam tie 宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie 角梁hip rafer （木行）purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟purlin 宋代术语脊（木行）ridged purlin 大式脊檩ridged purlin 小式脊抟ridged purlin 宋代术语金（木行）intermediate purlin 大式金檩intermediate purlin 小式上中平抟intermediate purlin 宋代术语老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle 大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行）eave purlin 大式檐檩eave purlin 小式下平抟eave purlin 宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额architrave 宋代术语由额垫板cushion board 大式檐垫板cushion board 小式枋tiebeam 脊枋ridge tiebeam 上金枋upper purlin tiebeam 下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam 大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter 脑椽upper rafter 花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter 飞檐椽flying rafter 飞子flying rafter 宋代术语连檐eave edging 瓦口tile edging 颔版tile edging 宋代术语举架raising the purlin 举析raising the purlin 宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins 材cai 栔qi 分fen 斗口doukou,mortise of cap block 斗拱dougong,bracket set 斗dou, bracket set 升block with cross mortise 大斗cap block栌斗cap block 宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm 翘flower arm, petal华拱flower arm 宋代术语昂ang,lever 槽升子center block齐心斗center block 宋代术语三才升small block 十八斗connection block交互斗connection block 宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm 泥道拱axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱oval arm 瓜子拱oval arm 宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm 宋代术语厢拱regular arm 令拱regular arm 宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm 撑头small tie-beam 枋small tie-beam 宋代术语耍头nose 攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns 柱头铺作bracket set on columns 宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns 补间铺作bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科bracket set on corner 转角铺作bracket set on corner 宋代术语出extension of bracket 出跳extension of bracket 宋代术语才cai 跳tiao 宋代术语雀替sparrow brace 搏缝板gable eave board 搏缝版gable eave board 宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work 内檐装修interior finish work 框槛door frame槛stud 抱框jamb on door or window 格栅partition door抹头window stool 棂子grill 裙板panel槛窗sill wall window 榻板window sill 支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing 门簪decorative cylinder 门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石bearing stone 抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone 天花ceiling 帽儿梁lattice framing 支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling 海墁天花flat ceiling 藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf 龛niche 博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry 檐墙eave wall 廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall 隔断墙vertical partition wall 槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head 挑檐石cantilever stone on eave 五花山墙stepped gable wall 拔磉corbel, hanging over 叠涩corbel, hanging over 宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab 压阑石rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶steps 踏道steps 宋代术语踏垛step 踏step 宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier 垂带drooping belt stone 副子drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼triangular space 御路yulu, imperial path 羌差ramp须弥座xumizu圭角guijiao 上枋upper fillet and fascia 下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta 下袅lower cyma, reversa 束腰suyao钩栏balustrade 宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade 望柱baluster 望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel 华版frieze panel 地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail 宋代术语柱顶石capital stone 柱础column base踬zhi 碑碣stone tablet 屃bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle 清代术语石像生stone animal 石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile 板瓦flat tile 青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile 琉璃瓦glazed roof tile 勾头eave tile滴水drip tile 瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern 正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei 宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being 走兽animal 砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern 旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画dragons pattern 天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头end portion of painted beam 藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam 点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting。
外国建筑史名词中英文对照
金字塔pyramid方尖碑obelisk牌门楼pylon莲花式柱lotus column纸草花式柱papyrus column棕榈叶式柱palm column塔庙ziggurat列柱围廊式peristyle山花pediment多立克柱式Doric order伊奥尼亚柱式Ionic order曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
科林斯柱式Corinthian order檐口cornice檐部entablature檐壁frieze额枋architrave柱头capital柱身column shaft槽沟flute圆底线脚torus柱基plinth台基stylobateaqueduct万神庙pantheon凯旋门triumphal arch角斗场colosseum广场forum托斯卡柱式Tuscan order门廊potch,portico小穹顶cupola平嵌线reglet主穹顶main dome半穹顶semi dome帆拱pendentive会堂basilicacentral nave侧廊aisle半圆形壁龛apse袖廊transept柱廊colonnade神坛altar拱廊atcade壁上拱廊blind arcade塔楼turret玫瑰窗rose windo w扶壁buttress尖顶pinnacle滴水兽gargoyle顶端饰finial花色窗棂tracery四叶饰quatrefoil五叶饰cinquefoil府邸mansion,palazzo鼓座drum采光塔lantern小侧窗bulleye windo w涡卷装饰cartouche宣礼塔minaret圣龛mihrab,prayer niche讲坛mimbar,pulpit拱式vault type筒拱barrel vault棱拱groin vault肋骨拱rib bed vault星形拱网状拱reticulated vault扇形拱fan vault倒槽式拱trough vault钟乳拱stalactite vault券式arch type半圆券semicircular arch尖券pointed arch弧形券segmental arch葱花券ogee arch马蹄券horseshoe arch交角券squinch穹式dome type半球形穹顶semespherical dome葱花穹顶ogee domesquare dome阿拉伯花饰arabeque阿拉伯式柱头Arabian capital。
建筑历史名词术语中英索引：
名词术语中英索引：AAalto， Alvar阿尔瓦·阿尔托Tuberculosis Sanatorium at Paimio帕米欧肺病疗养院Municipal Library，维堡图书馆Villa Mairea，玛丽亚别墅Town Hall of saynatsalo，珊娜特塞罗镇中心主楼Abu Simbel(Egypt)，阿尔布辛贝勒(埃及) Acropolis(Athens)，雅典卫城(雅典) Adornment ，装饰Agora，广场Agora，Assos ，阿索斯广场Aido Ross ，罗西Air conditioner ，空调Aisle ，侧廊Alberti，Leone Battista ，阿尔伯蒂Altar of Zeus,(Pergamon,Gteece),宙斯祭坛(希腊帕加马)Amiens Cathedral，亚眠主教堂Amphitheatre ，圆形剧场，角斗场Aqueduct ，输水道Pont du Gard{Nimes France}，嘉德引水渠(法国尼姆)Roman，罗马引水渠Apollo，阿波罗Apse ，半圆形龛Arena ，(圆形剧场中的)表演区，沙场Arch，券Centre，圆心Crown，券顶．Extrados，券背Haunch，券肩石Impost，券底石Keystone，券心石(又称锁石)Soffit ，券底Springing line，起券线Voussoir ，楔形券石Anglo—Saxou Arch，盎格鲁·撒克逊式券Corbelled Arch，叠涩券Decorated Arch，装饰式券Early English Arch ，早期英吉利式券Horse shoe Arch，马蹄形券Multifoil Arch ，复叶形券Norman Arch ，诺曼式券Ogee Arch ，弓形券Perpendicular Arch ，垂直式券Pointed Saracenic Arch ，撒拉逊式尖券Roman Arch ，罗马式券Round Trifoliated Arch ，三叶形券Transitional Arch ，过渡时期式券Ogee，洋葱形穹顶Pointed，尖拱Roman，罗马拱Triumphal，凯旋拱门Blind Arches，假券Arcades，连券廊Blind Arcades，假连券廊Arc de Triomphe(Paris)，凯旋门(巴黎) Architecture建筑analyzing，建筑分析as profession，建筑作为职业Architecture equipments，建筑设备Arch of Augustus．Perugia，佩鲁吉亚奥古斯都拱门Arch of Constantine(Rome)，康斯坦丁凯旋门(罗马)Arch of Septimius Severus．Rome，罗马塞弗拉斯凯旋门Arch of Titus．Rome，罗马泰塔斯凯旋门Aronoff Center for Design and Art(Cincinnati)．阿罗洛夫设计和艺术中心(辛辛那提)Art and Architecture Building(Yale University)，艺术和建筑大厦(耶鲁大学)Art Deco，装饰艺术派Art Nouveau，新艺术运动Arts and Crafts movement，工艺美术运动Ascent roof,坡屋顶Assyria，亚述Athena，雅典娜Athens，雅典AT&T Building，美国电话电报公司大楼BBabylonia，巴比伦Basilica ，古罗马的巴西利卡Basilica of Constantine ，君士坦丁巴西利卡Basilica of Trajan ，图拉真巴西利卡The Basilica．Vicenza ，维琴察巴西利卡Basilica of San Marco(Venice)，圣马53可大教堂Greek—cross Basilica，希腊十字式巴西利卡Latin—cross Basilica，拉丁十字式巴西利卡Condensed Dome Basilica集中式穹顶巴西利卡Baroque architecture，巴洛克建筑English，英国巴洛克建筑in France，法国的巴洛克建筑in Italy，意大利的巴洛克建筑Mexican，墨西哥巴洛克建筑Renaissance architecture and，文艺复兴建筑与巴洛克建筑Renaissance architecture compared to，文艺复兴建筑与巴洛克建筑比较Barrel Vault 筒形拱Baths．Roman，罗马浴场Baths of Caracalla．卡瑞卡拉浴室Baths of Titus(Rome)，泰塔斯浴场(罗马) Bauhaus，包豪斯Bauhaus school，包豪斯建筑学派Bauhaus Workshop Wing(Dessau，Germany)，包豪斯工作室(德国德骚) Berlin ，柏林AEG Turbin Factory ，德国通用电气公司透平机车间Altes Museum，老博物馆Berlin Schauspielhaus，柏林宫廷剧院Berlin Philharmonie，柏林爱乐音乐厅Brandenburg Gate，勃兰登堡门Conference Hall，西柏林会堂Jewish Museum，犹太人博物馆Model Factory at the Exhibition of thewerkbund in Cologne，德意志制造联盟科隆展览会模范车间National Gallery，国家美术馆新馆Bell Tower(Leaning Tower，Pisa)，钟塔(比萨斜塔)Bernini．Giovanni Lorenzo 伯尼尼Scala Regia in Vatican 梵蒂冈教皇接见厅前的大阶梯Piazza of S．Peter 圣彼得主教堂前广场Borromini．Francesco 波罗米尼San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane罗马圣卡罗教堂Boston city Hall，波士顿市政厅Botta,Mario，博塔Bank of Gottardo，戈塔尔多银行House at Riva San Vitale，圣·维塔莱河畔的住宅Boullee，部雷Metropole project，大都市博物馆方案Project for a Cenotaph for Sir Isaac Newton，牛顿纪念碑方案Bramante，Donato伯拉孟特Tempietto in S．Pietro in Montorio罗马坦比哀多Bricks，砖British Museum(1ondon)，大英博物馆(伦敦) Brunelleschi，Filippo ，伯鲁涅列斯基The Dome of S．Maria del Fiore ，佛罗伦萨圣玛利亚大教堂的穹窿Foundling Hospital．Florence，佛罗伦萨育婴院Pazzi Chapel，佛罗伦萨巴齐礼拜堂Brutalism，粗野主义Buttress ，飞扶壁Flying Buttress，飞扶壁Gothic Buttress，哥特式扶壁Byzantine architecture，拜占庭建筑Byzantine Empire，拜占庭帝国CCalatrava,Santiago，卡拉特拉瓦Alamillo Bridge,Spain 埃拉米诺大桥TGA Station ,Lyon-Satolas,France ，萨特拉斯车站Campanile，钟楼Camus，加缪体系Capitol，Rome ，罗马卡比多广场Casa Batllo(Barcelona)，巴特罗公寓(巴塞罗纳)Casa Mila(Barcelona)，米拉公寓(巴塞罗纳) Castel，城堡Castles，Romanesque，罗马式城堡Cathedral ，主教堂．Chartres Cathedral ，夏特尔主教堂Cologne Cathedral ，科隆主教堂CBD，中心商务区Cement，水泥Central Park(New York City)，中央公园(纽约市)Center Pompidou(Paris)，蓬皮杜中心(巴黎) Charter of Athens，雅典宪章Charter of Machu Picchu，马丘比丘宪章Chateau de Chambord ，法国尚堡府邸Chateau Vaux－le Vicomte ，维康府邸Chicago，芝加哥Carson Pirie Scott Department Store，C．P．S百货公司大厦First Leiter Building，第一莱特尔大厦54John Hancock Center，约翰·汉考克大厦Lake Shore building，湖滨公寓Marina City，马利纳城大厦Marquette Building，马凯特大厦Marshall Field Wholesale Store，马歇尔·菲尔德百货批发商店Reliance Building，里莱斯大厦Robie House，罗比住宅SearS Tower，西尔斯大厦The Capitol，卡皮托大厦Water Tower Place Building水塔广场大厦Willitts House威利茨住宅World’s Columbian Exposition,1893年哥伦比亚博览会Chicago School，芝加哥学派Choragic Monument of Lysicrates雅典列雪格拉德纪念亭Chrysler Building(New York)，克莱斯勒大厦(纽约)Christian，基督教Church ，教堂Cross－domed Churchs，十字穹顶教堂Churches and cathedrals教堂和大教堂 Byzantine Church，拜占庭教堂和大教堂 Gothic Church，哥特式教堂和大教堂Romanesque Church，罗马式教堂和大教堂Circular Windows，圆窗Classical style(Classical Revival)，古典风格(古典复兴)Colosseum．Rome 罗马大角斗场Columbian Exposition(Chicago，l893)，哥伦比亚世界博览会(芝加哥，1893)Column ，柱子Corinthian Column，科林斯式Doric Column，多利克式Egyptian Column，埃及式Greek Column，希腊式Ionic Column，爱奥尼克式Roman Column，罗马式Concrete，混凝土Concrete in Roman architecture，罗马建筑中的混凝土Constantine(Roman emperor)，君士坦丁(罗马皇帝)Constantinople，君士坦丁堡Constructivism构成主义派Contextualism “文脉主义Court of Alberca，玉泉院Court of Lions，狮子院Courtyards，庭院Crossing Tower，十字交叉点处塔楼Cross Vault，十字拱Crown，券顶Crystal Palace(London)，水晶宫(伦敦)Curvilinear(Decorated)style，曲线(装饰)风格DDeconstruction(Decon) ，解构主义Decorated Arch ，装饰式券De Stij，风格派：Casa Schroder, Utrecht，乌德勒支的施罗德住宅Dessau，德绍Distyle ， (希腊、罗马神庙的)端柱式The Doge,s Palace ，威尼斯公爵府Dome，穹顶Dome on Pendentives，穹顶－帆拱体系The Dome of S．Maria del Fiore，佛罗伦萨圣玛利亚大教堂的穹窿Dulles Airport (Washington，D C)，杜勒斯国际机场(华盛顿特区)DWB/ Deutscher Werkbund，德意志制造联盟P.Behrens，贝伦斯AEG Turbine Factory，透平机车间Fagus Werk，法古斯工厂EEaves，屋檐Egypt，埃及Eiffel，Gustave，古斯塔夫·埃菲尔Eiffel，Tower(Paris)，埃菲尔铁塔(巴黎)Einstein Tower(Potsdam．Germany)，爱因斯坦塔(德国波茨坦)Eisenman，Peter，彼得·埃森曼Aronoff Center for Design and Art，Cincinnati，USA辛辛那提大学设计、建筑、艺术与规划学院大楼(阿洛诺夫设计与艺术中心)Columbus Convention Center，Ohio，USA哥伦布会议中心Forster House，Palo Alto，California，USA 11a号住宅又称福斯特住宅House I “住宅I”House lI “住宅lI"House VI，Washington，Connecticut，USA“住宅VI”Wexner Center for the Visual Arts，Columbus，Ohio，USA，韦克斯纳视觉艺术中心Elegant New Geometry，优雅新几何Elevator，电梯55Empire State Building．帝国大厦Engineering Building(University of Leicester)．工程大厦(莱斯特大学)England英国Baroque architecture in．英国的巴洛克建筑Gothic architecture in，英国的哥特式建筑Gothic Revival in．英国的哥特复兴式建筑High Victorian Gothic in，英国维多利亚时代全盛哥特式建筑Neoclassic revival in，英国的新古典主义复兴建筑Norman(Romanesque)architecture in，英国的罗马风建筑Renaissance architecture in，英国的文艺复兴建筑Entablature，(柱式的)檐部Entasis，卷杀Entrance，入口Erechtheion，Athens雅典伊瑞克先神庙Expressionism，表现主义FFallingwater(Bear Run，Pennsylvania)，流水别墅(宾夕法尼亚州熊溪)Fan Vault，扇形拱顶Farnsworth House(near Piano，Illinois)，范斯沃斯住宅(伊利诺斯州普莱诺附近) Fireplace, 壁炉Flamboyant，(哥特建筑中的)火焰式Florence Cathedral，佛罗伦萨大教堂Flying Buttress，飞扶壁Flying ribs，飞肋Fontainebleau(France)，枫丹白露(法国) Forbidden City，紫禁城Forster，Norman福斯特Commercial Bank Tower， Frankfurt法兰克福商业银行大厦New Headquarters for the Hong KongBank，Hong Kong香港汇丰银行新楼Parts Distribution Center for RenaultUK Ltd，Swindon，Wiltshire， UK雷诺公司产品配送中心Reconstruction of Reichstag，Bedin，Germany柏林国会大厦改建Reliance Contmls Ltd，Swindon，Woltshire，UK信托控股公司Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts，VEA，Norwich，Norfolk， UK塞恩斯伯里视觉艺术中心Telecommunications Tower，Torre diCollserola，Barcelona，Spain巴塞罗那通迅塔Third London Airport Stansted，Essex，UK伦敦斯坦斯梯德机场Formalism，典雅主义Form follows function，形式追随功能Forum罗马广场Forum of Angustus，奥古斯都广场Forum of Caesar，凯撒广场Forum of Nerva，奈乏广场Forum of Trajan，图拉真广场Forum．Pompeii，庞培城中心广场Forum Romanum，罗曼努姆广场Fountain，喷泉Functionalism，功能主义，功能主义派Futurism，未来派GGable山墙Gabrie，Jacques—Ange加贝里爱尔Petit Trianon小特里阿农Gallery，廊Garden City，花园城市Giant Order巨柱式Giralda，塞维利亚风标塔The Great Mosque，Damascus大马士革大礼拜寺The Great Mosque，Cordova科尔多瓦大礼拜寺The Great Mosque，Samarra萨马拉大礼拜寺Great Pyramids，Giza吉萨金字塔群Great Temple，Abu—Simbel阿布辛贝勒阿蒙神大石窟庙Great Temple of Ammon，Kanark卡纳克阿蒙神庙Great Temple，Madurai马杜赖大寺Greece，希腊Greek architecture，希腊建筑Gehry,Frank 盖里American Center，Paris，France巴黎美国中心California Aerospace Museum，LosAngeles，Calif．USA航空宇宙博物馆Gehry House，Santa Monica，California在圣·莫尼卡的自宅Guggenheim Museum，Bilbao，Spain毕尔巴鄂古根汉姆博物馆Nationale．Nededtmden Building，Prague，Czech Republic布拉格尼德兰大厦Vitra Furniture Design Museum，Weilam～Rhein，Germany维特拉家具设计博物馆56Weisman Art Museum，University ofMinnesota，Minneapolis，USA魏斯曼艺术博物馆Graves，Michael(1934～)格雷夫斯Benacerraf House Addition,贝纳塞拉夫住宅扩建Hanselmann House，Wayne，Indiana，USA汉索曼住宅Humana Building，Louisville，Kentucky，U．S．A休曼那大厦Public Service Building in Portland，Oregon，USA波特兰市市政厅Swan Hotel and Dauphin Hotel，WaltDisney World，Florida，USA海豚旅馆与天鹅旅馆Gridiron city，方格城市Gropius，Walter(1883—1969)格罗皮厄斯Bauhaus Dessau包豪斯校舍City Theatre，Jena耶那市立剧场Dammer stock Housing达默斯托克居住区Fagus Werk，Alfeld法古斯(鞋楦)厂Gropius Residence，Lincoln， Mass格罗皮厄斯自宅Harvard Graduate Center，Cambridge，Mass哈佛大学研究生中心Interbau，Hansaviertal 1957年汉莎区国际住宅展览会高层公寓楼Model Factory at the Exhibition of theWerkbund in Cologne德意志制造联盟科隆展览会办公楼Municipal Employment Office，Dessau德绍市就业办事处Siemensstadt Housing，Berlin西门子住宅区Village College，Impington英平顿乡村学院Gwathmey，Charles(1938～)格瓦斯梅HHadid，Zaha，扎哈·哈迪德Monsoon Restaurant，Sapporo，Tokyo，Japan东京扎晃餐厅Peak Club，Hong Kong，香港山顶俱乐部设计方案Vitra Fire—Station，Weilam Rhein，Germany维特拉消防站Hadrian(Roman emperor)，哈德良(罗马皇帝) Hadrian’s villa(Tivoli，Italy)，哈德良别墅(意大利底沃利)Hall of Mirrors(Versailles)，镜厅(凡尔赛) Hatshepsut，哈特什帕苏墓Haussmann，Georges Eugene， Baron(1809—1891)，奥斯曼Rebuilding Paris 19，世纪后半叶的巴黎改建Hejduk，John．约翰·海杜克High Gothic architecture，典型哥特式建筑High Renaissance，文艺复兴高潮High．Tech，高技派High．Tech and High-Touch，高度技术与高度感人High Victorian Gothic，维多利亚时代全盛哥特式High Victorian period，维多利亚全盛期Hill House(Glasgow)，小山住宅(英国格拉斯哥)Holism，整体主义Holistic Design，整体设计Holl，Steven，斯蒂芬·霍尔Anchoring《锚固》Chapel of St．Ignatius，Seattle，USA圣伊纳爵小教堂Void Space／Hinged Space Housing，NexusWorld Kashii，Fukuoka，Japan日本福冈公寓Holocaust Memorial Museum(Washington，D．C．)，大屠杀纪念展览馆(华盛顿特区)Horizontal lines，水平线条Hotel de Soubise ，巴黎苏必斯府邸House of Pansa ，潘萨府邸Houses of Parliament(London)，议会大厦(伦敦)House of Silver Wedding ，银婚府邸House of Vettii ，维蒂府邸Howard，Ebenezer，Sir霍华德“Garden City”田园城市Garden Cities of Tomorrow，《明日的田园城市》humanizing architecture建筑人情化Hypostyle Hall(Temple of Amon at Karnak)，多柱式大厅(埃及卡玛克阿蒙神殿)IIl Gesfi Rome，罗马耶苏会教堂Impressionism，印象主义，印象主义派Industrial City ，“工业城市”Interbau，Hansaviertal，1957年汉莎区国际住宅展览会International Style，“国际式"建筑Intersecting Vault，交叉拱Ishtar，新巴比伦城伊斯达门Italian Neorationalist Movement，新理性主义运动(又称La Tendenza坦丹札学派)57Italy，意大利Renaissance architecture in，意大利的文艺复兴建筑Baroque architecture in，意大利的巴洛可建筑Gothic architecture in，意大利的哥特式建筑Romanesque architecture in，意大利的罗马风建筑Industrial Revolution，工业革命JJencks，Charles詹克斯The Language of Post—mod~rytArchitecture《后现代建筑语言》The New Moderns《新现代》Jenney，William Le Baron(1832—1907)詹尼First Leiter Building第一莱特尔大厦Home Insurance Company芝加哥家庭保险公司大厦Johnson，Philip(1906一)P．约翰逊AT&T Headquarters，New York，USA，美国电话电报公司总部大楼Pittsburgh Hate Glass Company Head－quarters，匹兹堡的PPG平板玻璃公司总部大厦Republic Bank Center，Houston，Texas，共和银行中心大厦Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery，谢尔登艺术纪念馆Transco Tower in Houston，休斯敦的特兰斯科塔楼KKahn，Louis，路易斯·康Richard Medical Research Building，理查德医学研究楼Saik Institute for BiologicalResearch，La Jolla，Californa，索尔克生物研究所Karnak temples，埃及卡玛克神殿Key Stone券心石(又称锁石)King’s College Chapel(Cambridge，England)，国王学院礼拜堂(英国剑桥)Koolhaas，Rem，雷姆·库哈斯Dall’Ava House，Saint-Claud，Paris，France达尔阿瓦住宅Delirious New York： A RetroactiveManifesto for Manhattan《颠狂的纽约：关于曼哈顿的回顾性宣言》Generic City《广普城市》National Dance Theatre in Hague，Holland海牙国立舞剧院LLa Sagrada Familia，Church of(Barcelona)，神圣家族大教堂(巴塞罗纳)Le Brun，Charles勒勃亨The Louvre卢佛尔Le Corbusier，勒·柯布西耶Chandigarh，India，昌迪加尔规划及行政中心Convent de la Saint-Marie-de-1a-Tourette，near Lyons，拉图莱特修道院League of Nation’s Building，国际联盟总部设计方案Uunite d’Habitation，Marseille，马赛公寓“人居单元”Ministry of Education，巴西教育卫生部大楼(与Neimyer合作)“Modulor”，“模数理论”Notre．Dame．du．Haut，Ronchamp，朗香教堂PavilIion Suisse A La Cite Universitaire，Paris，巴黎瑞士学生宿舍Plan of the Ville Contemporaine ，300万人的现代城市规划方案Plan“V oisin'’de Paris，巴黎市中心区改建规划Vers une architecture，《走向新建筑》Villa Savoie，萨伏伊别墅Le Notre，Andre勒诺特Le Vau，Louis勒伏Chateau Vaux-le-Vicomte维康府邸Library of St．Mark，Venice，圣马可图书馆Lincoln Cultural Center in Newyork，纽约林肯文化中心Linear City，带形城市Lion Gate，Mycenae迈西尼城狮子门Luxor temples，鲁克索神殿MMansart．Jules Hardouin，孟莎，J．H．Palais de Versailles，凡尔赛宫Church of the Invalides，巴黎残废军人新教堂Place de Vendome，巴黎旺多姆广场Masjid－j－Shah，1sfahan，伊斯法罕皇家礼拜寺Mastaba，玛斯塔巴Mausoleum of Hadrain，罗马哈德良墓Megaron，美加仑室Meirer，Richard ，R．迈耶(1934～)58Getty Center，Los Angeles，USA格蒂中心Higll Museum of Art，Adanta，Georgia，USA亚特兰大的海尔艺术博物馆Smith House，Darien，Conn．USA，史密斯住宅Mendelsohn，Erich(1887—1953)，门德尔松Einstein Tower，Potsdam，爱因斯坦天文台Metabolism，新陈代谢派Michelangelo Buonarroti，米开朗琪罗Capitol，Rome，罗马卡比多广场S．Peter Cathedral，Rome，罗马圣彼得主教堂Michelozzo Michelozzi，米开罗佐Palazzo Ricardi，佛罗伦萨吕卡第府邸Mies van der Rohe，Ludwig，路德维希·密斯·范德·罗Barcelona Pavilion，巴塞罗那博览会德国馆Crown Hall ，IIT克朗楼Farnsworth House，Piano，Illinois，法恩斯沃思住宅minois Institute of Technology，伊利诺工学院校园规划Lake Shore Building，Chicago，芝加哥的湖滨公寓ment to Liebknecht and Luxemburg，李卜克内西和卢森堡纪念碑National Gallery，Berlin，柏林国家美术馆新馆Seagram Building，New York，西格拉姆大厦Tugendhat House，Brno，图根德哈特住宅Milan Cathedral(Italy)，米兰大教堂(意大利) Millennium Dome(Greenwich，U K)，千年穹顶(英国格林威治)Minimalism “极少主义”或“极简主义”Modern Architecture现代建筑，现代建筑派Modern Movement现代建筑运动Modernism现代主义，现代主义派Monolith整石柱Mosque of Ahmed I，伊斯坦布尔阿赫默德一世礼拜寺Multifoil Arch复叶形券NNeighbourhood Unit，邻里单位Neo．Classicism，新古典主义Neoplasticism，新造型主义Nervi，Pier Luigi(1891—1979)，内尔维Palazzelto dello Sport，罗马小体育宫Palazzo dello Sport，罗马大体育宫Pirdli Tower大厦(与Ponti合作)St．Mary’s Cathedral，San Francisco，旧金山的圣玛丽主教堂(与Belluschi合作)Turin Exposition Hall，都灵展览馆UNESCO Headquarters，Paris，联合国教科文总部(UNESCO)的会议厅(与Breuer和Zehffuss合作)Neoclassic，新古典主义Neuschwanstein，Schloss(near Munich)，新天鹅堡 (慕尼黑附近)New Babylon ，新巴比伦城New Brutalism，新粗野主义(新野性主义)New Empericism，新经验主义New Modem or Neo－Modernism ，“新现代"，“新现代“派New Rationalism，新理性主义New Regionalism，新地域主义New Simplicity ，“新简约”New Tradition，新传统派，新传统主义建筑New York Five ，“纽约五”Niemeyer，Oscar(1907~)，尼迈耶尔Ministry of Eduction，巴西教育卫生部大楼Notre Dame圣母教堂Notre Dame．Paris ，巴黎圣母教堂Nouvel，Jean(1945~)，努维尔Arab World Institute．Paris，France，巴黎阿拉伯世界研究中心Tour Sans Fin， Paris，巴黎无止境大厦方案OObelisk ，方尖碑Ogee arch ，弓形券Omar Mosque ，耶路撒冷奥马尔礼拜寺(圣岩寺)Opera House(Sydney，Australia)，歌剧院(澳大利亚悉尼)Opera(Paris)，歌剧院(巴黎)Orders，Greek，希腊柱式Ordine(Order)，柱式Ordine Composite，组合柱式Doric Order（Ordine Dorico），多立克柱式Ionic Order（0rdine Ionico），爱奥尼克柱式Corinthian Order（Ordine Corintio），科林斯柱式Ordine Tuscan，塔司干柱式Architrave，额枋Capital ，柱头Column ，柱身Entablature ，檐部59Frieze，檐壁Organic Decentralization，有机疏散理论Organic architecture，有机建筑Ornament，use of in architecture，建筑中装饰的使用PPalace of Sagon,萨艮王宫Palace of Persepolis，帕赛玻里斯宫Palace of Minos,Knossos，克诺索斯迷宫Palais de Versailles，凡尔赛宫Palazzo Pandolfini，Florence ，佛罗伦萨潘道菲尼府邸Palazzo Rucellai，Florence ，佛罗伦萨鲁切拉府邸Palladio，Andrea ，帕拉第奥Palladio Motif ，帕拉第奥母题The Basilica．Vicenza，维琴察巴西利卡Palladio Motif ，帕拉第奥母题Rotunda ，维琴察圆厅别墅Pantheon，Paris，巴黎的万神庙Pantheon，Rome ，罗马万神庙Parterre du Midi(Versailles)，德米迪花坛(凡尔赛)Pazzi Chapel，Florence，佛罗伦萨巴齐礼拜堂Pei，I.M.(1917~)，贝聿铭East Gallery，National Gallery ofArt，美国国家美术馆东馆Grand Louvre，Paris，France，巴黎大卢浮宫扩建Pelli，Cesar(1926～)佩利Miglin．Beitler Tower，Chicago，米格林·贝特勒大厦Petronas Towers， Kuala Lumper，吉隆坡的双塔大厦Pendentive，帆拱Perfection of Technique，讲究技术精美的倾向Petit Trianon ，小特里阿农宫，凡尔赛Peristyle ，列柱围廊式Pseudo peristyle ，假列柱围廊式Perpendicular Arch ，垂直式券Perrault。
中国古代建筑及构造中英文对照
waterside pavilion
轩
windowed veranda
民居
folk house
四合院
courtyard house
寨
stockaded village
舫
boat house
阙
que, watchtower
牌楼
pailou, decorated gateway
华表
huabiao, ornamental pillar
交互斗
connection block
宋代术语
正心拱
axial bracket arm
泥道拱
axial bracket arm
宋代术语p
瓜拱
oval arm
瓜子拱
oval arm
宋代术语p
万拱
long arm
慢拱
long arm
宋代术语
厢拱
regular arm
令拱
regular arm
宋代术语
单材拱
大斗
cap block
栌斗
cap block
宋代术语
拱
gong,bracketarm
翘
flower arm, petal
华拱
flower arm
宋代术语
昂
ang,lever
槽升子
center block
齐心斗
center block
宋代术语
三才升
small block
十八斗
connection block
门枕石
bearing stone
抱鼓石
drum-shaped bearing stone
建筑史专用词汇中英对照
建筑史专用词汇中英对照我们在阅读或翻译建筑史类资料时，经常会碰到许多词汇，不明白确切含义或不知道如何准确翻译。
专业性的字典或者是汉英、或者是英汉，没有汉英英汉统一在一起的字典，给阅读和翻译工作带来一定的不便。
现将部分常用的与建筑史相关的一些词汇汇集在一起，以便于大家使用。
1、城市史城市史 history of cities 大学城 campus city居民点settlement 科学城 science city市[场] market 风景旅游城市 sceic-tourist city城[墙] city wall 休养城市 resort city都城 capital city 小城市 small city宫城imperial city 中等城市 medium-sized city外城 outer city 大城市large city皇城 imperial palace 城市历史保护 urban conservation里 neighbourhood 历史建筑historical building 街 street 历史地段historical site巷lane 城市改建urban redevelopment 胡同 hutong,alley 城市更新urban renewal关厢 outskirt 工业城市industrial city城濠 city moat,city trench 矿业城市 mining city城堡 castle 港口城市 port city城邦 polis 商业城市 commercial city城市 city 市区 city proper镇 township,town 郊区suburb2、园林史中国古典园林 classical Chinese garden中国传统园林 traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林 ancient Chinese garden中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spainish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林 Le Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden庄园manor,villa garden廊柱园 peristyle garden,patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze,labyrinth灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫 E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫 Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄 Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden 又称"悬空园"，"架高园"。
古代建筑英文
古代建筑英文塔：pagodas木塔：wood pagoda铁塔：iron pagoda石塔：stone pagoda砖塔：brick pagoda琉璃塔：glazed stupa舍利塔：sarira stupa (a pagoda for budhist relics), dagoba喇嘛塔：lamaist pagoda城墙：city wall城门洞儿：gateway楼：storied buildings城楼：gate tower钟楼：bell tower鼓楼：drum tower角楼：watchtower /turret戏楼：theatrical stage阁：tower亭子：pavilion飞檐：upturned eaves/ flying eaves回廊：covered corridor彩画：colour painting烽火台：the beacon tower华表：ornamental column牌坊：memorial archway牌楼：decorated archway题字：inscriptions马头墙：corbiestep屋顶形式:types of roofs庑殿顶：hip roof歇山顶：saddlle roof硬山顶：gabbled roof悬山顶：suspension roof攒尖顶：pointed roof圆攒尖顶：conical roof四角攒尖顶：pyramid roof卷棚顶：paraboloid roof屋面装饰：roof decorations正吻：volute仙人走兽：glazed ceramic mythological immortals and animals 筒瓦：cylindrical tile板瓦：flat tile瓦钉：tile pin瓦当：eaves tile滴水：dripping eaves斗拱：corbel arch雀替：carveed angle brace挂落：cartouche藻井：coffered ceiling须弥座：base of budhist-style building 栏杆：balustrade/ parapet石阶：stone steps抱鼓石：carred drum-like stone。
建筑专业词汇《中英文对照》
飞溅welding spatter
定位焊tacking
引弧generating of arc
熄弧quenching of arc
焊道welding bead
坡口beveled edges
外观检查visual inspectionຫໍສະໝຸດ 重皮double—skin
水平方向弧度radian in horizontal direction
c. CLIMATE CONDITION气象条件
d。GENERAL ROOM NAME常用房间名称
e. ROOFING & CEILING屋面及天棚
f。WALL（CLADDING)墙体（外墙板）
g。FLOOR & TRENCH地面及地沟
h. DOORS、GLASS、WINDOWS＆IRONMONGERY（HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件
液压千斤顶Hydraulic jack
液压手推车Hydraulic trolley
焊条烘干箱Welding rod drying box
手拉葫芦Chain block
道（垫）木Sleeper
转速表Tachometer
电流钳型表Clip—style ammeter
压力表Pressure gauge
接地电阻测试仪Earthing resistance testing device
放料阀baiting valve
液位计content gauge
芬兰维萨拉Vailsla OY
美国美科”Met—coil，USA”
集中式空调系统centralized air conditioning system
裙房annex
热源heat source
【建筑工程管理】建筑词汇中英文对照
中英文对照：建筑专业词汇（1）管理administer; administration; control; manage; management; superintendence; supervision管理报表managerial report管理报表系统managerial report system管理报告managerial report管理报告系统managerial report system管理操作台administrative operator station管理操作系统management operating system; supervisor operation system;supervisory operating system管理操作员administrative operator管理操作员站administrative operator station管理差距management gap管理程序executive program; executive routine; supervisor; supervisory routine; hypervisor; supervisory program管理程序测试supervisor program test管理程序常驻区域supervisor residant area管理程序的例行程序supervisor routine管理程序的试验程序supervisor test program管理程序的组成executive program components管理程序调入supervisor call管理程序调入码supervisor call code管理程序调入指令supervisor call instruction (SVC)管理程序调用命令supervisor call instruction (SVC)管理程序调用命令中断supervisor call interruption管理程序调用命令子程序supervisor call routine管理程序调用中断supervisor call interruption; supervisor call interrupt 管理程序队列区supervisor queue area管理程序方式supervisor mode管理程序仿真supervisory program simulation管理程序封锁supervisor lock管理程序模拟supervisory program simulation管理程序锁supervisor lock管理程序通信区supervisor communication region 管理程序暂驻区supervisor transient area管理程序中断supervisor interrupt管理程序驻留区supervisor resident area管理程序状态supervisor mode; supervisor state 管理处management管理磁盘hyperdisk管理的任务managerial role管理的作用managerial role管理调用程序supervisor call program管理毒品法令decree of management of narcotic drugs管理对策management game管理范围control limit管理方式supervisor mode管理费cost of operation; management cost; management cost; operation cost; overhead charge; management expenses; costs of administration; overhead expenses管理分析management analysis管理分析报告系统management analysis reporting system管理服务management service; supervisor services管理服务程序supervisor services管理覆盖程序supervisor overlay管理工程administrative engineering; management engineering 管理工作handing operation管理工作间隔的约会块session commitment unit管理工作系统management operating system (MOS)管理工作站management work station管理规划及监督management planning and control管理画面supervisory frame管理环境management environment管理会计management accounting管理机supervisor管理机构administrative agency; administrative organization; administration; administrative authorities管理级别supervisory level管理级计算机management leve computer管理寄存器supervisor register管理计划management planning管理计划系统management planning system管理计算management accounting管理计算机supervisory computer管理键盘supervisory keyboard管理经济managerial economics管理局administration管理决策系统management decision system管理科学management science管理科学工作者management scientist管理控制management control; supervisory control管理控制程序supervisor control program管理控制级management control level管理控制盘supervisory control disk管理控制系统management control system; supervisory control 管理框图法control chart method管理例行程序executive routine; supervisory routine管理良好的well-regulated管理能力supervisory capability管理排队区supervisor queue area管理器supervisor管理请求分程序supervisor request block管理人manager管理人员handling crew; managerial staff; superintendent 管理软件management software管理设备supervisory unit管理时间administrative time管理数据management data管理水平control level; level of control管理顺序supervisory sequence管理所control house; control station管理特许指令supervisor-privileged instruction管理通信宏指令supervisor communication macro管理通信区supervisor communication region管理图control chart管理图表control chart管理土壤资源managing soil resources管理维护实用程序management support utility管理系统management system; managerial system; supervisory system管理系统多道程序设计executive system multiprogramming管理信号supervisory signal管理信息administrative information; management information管理信息系统management information system; management operating system 管理信息要求management information requirement管理性数据处理administrative data processing管理序列supervisory sequence管理学模型management science model管理学院school of management管理训练management training管理研究management research管理羊群running sheep管理业务management service; supervisor services; supervisory service 管理因素management factors管理应用程序包management package管理语句语言control statement language管理员administrator; controller管理支持实用程序management support utility管理指令housekeeping instruction; executive instruction管理中继supervisory relay管理终端office terminal管理终端系统administrative terminal system (ATS)管理专业训练软件management training software 管理转接supervisory relay管理状态controlled state管理子程序supervisory routine合同agreement; stipulation; charter; contract合同更改的请求contract change request合同更改建议contract change proposal合同更改通知书contract change notification合同工jobbing work合同工厂contract plant合同规定contractual specifications合同号contract number合同技术要求contract technical requirements (CTR)合同签定日期contract award date合同饲养contract feeding合同谈判contract negotiation合同条款terms of the contract合同项目contract item合同要求requirement建筑build; architecture; construct; architectural; architectural & industrial ceramics建筑安装工程量construction work quantity 建筑板材building board建筑材料表list of building materials建筑材料检验building material testing 建筑材料行building material dealer建筑材料运输列车construction train建筑草图architectural sketch建筑朝向building orientation建筑成本预算construction cost estimate 建筑承包商building contractor建筑尺度architectural scale建筑处理architectural treatment建筑创作architectural creation建筑大五金architectural metalwork建筑大样architectural detail建筑单元building unit建筑费construction cost建筑风格architectural style建筑辅助系统building subsystem建筑钢construction(al) steel建筑钢板building sheet建筑高度building height; height of building建筑高度分区building height zoning; height zoning建筑工程升降机builder's lift建筑工地选择siting建筑工羊角锤头builder's claw hammer head建筑工业building industry; construction industry建筑工种building trades建筑构思architectural conception建筑构图compostion on architecture; architectural composition 建筑构造building construction建筑估价building cost estimate建筑管理architectural control建筑规程building regulations建筑规范building code建筑机械construction machinery; building machinery建筑及维护规则recommendation建筑结构building structure建筑结构分析语言structural engineering system solver (STRESS) 建筑立面elevation of building; building elevation建筑沥青bitumen for building; building asphalt No. 10建筑力学architectural mechanics建筑铝型材生产线architectural aluminium profile production line 建筑毛面积gross floor area建筑毛造价gross building cost建筑面积area of structure; covered area建筑面积比floor-area ratio (F.A.R.)建筑面积指标floor-space index (F.S.I.)建筑模数building module建筑配景entourage of building建筑平面architectural plane; building plane建筑起重机building crane; construction-site crane 建筑砌块building block建筑气候分区climate region of building建筑青铜architectural bronze建筑青铜合金architectural bronze建筑声学architectural acoustics建筑石paring stone建筑石料building stone建筑时期观念construction period concept建筑史architectural history; history of architecture 建筑收进线building setback line建筑陶板architectural terra-cotta (ATC)建筑陶瓷architectural pottery建筑特色architectural feature建筑体积architectural volume; cubage建筑体积计算cubing建筑体系building system建筑体形building size建筑透视architectural perspective建筑外壳building shell建筑外形architectural appearance建筑物building; structure建筑物保险building insurance建筑物朝向direction of building建筑物基础building foundation建筑物间距distance between buildings建筑物理architectural physics; building physics 建筑物缺隐building deficiency建筑物入口building entrance建筑物租约building lease建筑现场construction建筑限制building restriction建筑限制线building restiction line建筑效果architectural effect建筑型钢轧机机座structural stand建筑型式type of construction; architectural form 建筑遗产architectural heritage建筑艺术architectural art建筑艺术处理artistic treatment in architecture; architectural treatment建筑艺术形式artistic form of architecture建筑用地building lot; building site; lot建筑用地规划plot planning; block planning建筑用钢铁constructional iron建筑用黄铜architectural brass建筑用木材building timber建筑用提升机service-building elevator建筑原理architectonics; architectural principle建筑造型艺术art of architectural modelling建筑占地系数coefficient of land used for buildings建筑障碍architectural barriers建筑照明architectural lighting建筑折旧准备buildings depreciation reserve建筑哲理architectural philosophy建筑柱式architectural orders; orders of architecture建筑装饰architectural decoration; architectural ornament建筑装饰彩釉砂涂料colour-glazed sand paint for building decoration 建筑装饰学architectural decoration建筑装修五金architectural metalwork建筑自动化building automation建筑自重structural weight per square meter建筑渲染architectural rendering; rendu进度progress; tempo进度安排scheduling进度报表progress report; progress sheet进度报告制度progress reporting system进度工作日程progress schedule进度估计progress estimate进度管理progress control; schedule control 进度计划scheduled plan进度计划安排scheduling进度计划表schedule diagram进度计划明细表detailed schedule进度计划总表master schedule进度检查follow-up进度控制schedule control; progress control进度时间表process schedule进度图progress chart; progress map进度维护scheduled maintenance进度照片photographs of progress施工construct; execution; construction; execution of works施工安装图construction and erection drawing施工安装用的机械及工具machines and tools for construction and erection 施工标桩construction stake施工布置图construction plan施工步骤construction procedure; construction steps施工测量construction survey施工程序construction program; execution programme for works施工程序网络图project network施工贷款construction loan施工单位construction organization; builder施工道路construction road施工地点job location施工吊车construction hoist施工定额construction norm施工队construction team施工方法job practice施工方式form of construction work施工费用construction cost施工缝construction joint施工工程construction work施工工程师construction engineer; operating engineer 施工工程学construction engineering施工工期construction period施工工种construction trade施工规模scope of construction item; size of construction施工荷载construction loads; working load施工合同construction contract施工机械construction machinery施工机械费cost of constructor's mechanical plant施工机械化mechanization of building operation; mechanization of construction施工机械化系数coefficient of construction mechanization施工技术财务计划financial plan for construction technology施工计划construction plan; construction program(me)施工监督supervision of construction; supervision; monitoring施工检查inspection of construction施工检查员construction inspector施工阶段construction stage; construction phase施工进度construction progress施工进度表schedule of construction; schedule of operations; work-schedule 施工进度计划detailed construction schedule; construction schedule施工经济学construction economics施工经理construction manager施工经验construction experience施工卷扬机builder's hoist; builder's winch施工临时螺栓construction bolt施工流水作业法construction streamline method 施工面积floor space under construction施工平面图construction plan施工期construction period施工起重机construction hoist施工企业construction enterprises施工前阶段preconstruction stage施工区construction area施工缺陷constructional deficiency施工设备plant for construction; construction equipment施工设计detail design; detailed engineering施工水平仪builder's level施工说明general des cription of construction施工说明书construction specifications施工图设计construction documents design施工图设计阶段construction documents design phase; construction documents phase施工图预算working drawing estimate施工文件construction documents (包括施工图及说明)施工现场fabricating yard; job location施工详图detail of construction; construction detail; working drawing 施工项目project under construction; construction item施工项目编号construction item reference number施工效率efficiency of construction施工性能workability施工许可证builder's licence施工验收技术规范technical code for work and acceptance施工依据manufacture bases施工营业执照builder's licence施工预算construction estimate施工执照building permit施工准备preliminary work for construction; preparations for construction 施工准备计划preparatory plan施工总平面图overall construction site plan施工总则general conditions of construction施工组织设计construction management plan施工作业计划work element construction program现场field engineering; job site; site; scene (FE)现场安装field mounted (FM)现场安装工作on-site installation work现场安装和维修条件installation and maintenance conditions at field 现场安装螺栓field bolting; field bolt现场安装容器field assembly of vessels现场操作规范field-work standards现场抽查spot checking现场淬火field quenching现场存货field warehousing现场的local现场电视监测生产法television-monitored production现场调查field investigation; field survey; spot investigation; field method; spot survey; (spot) field investigation现场调查设计field survey design现场调查员field worker现场调度spot dispatch现场发泡foam-in-place现场仿真field simulation现场访问facility visit现场工作field work现场管理field management; worksite management现场灌注球基桩franki pile现场焊接field weld; site weld; site welding; field welding 现场核查on-site verification现场核数员field auditor现场计数field enumeration现场计算field calculation现场记录record on spot现场加工field processing现场检查on-site inspection; on-spot check; spot checking现场检验field inspection; on-site inspection; floor inspection; spot inspection 现场交货delivery on the spot; ex works现场交货价格ex point of origin现场交通site traffic现场浇铸cast-in-place现场浇筑cast in situs现场接线field connection现场经纪floor broker; pit broker现场决标award at tender opening现场勘测site survey现场勘察on-the-spot investigation现场可变只读存储器field alterable ROM 现场可更换部件field-replaceable unit 现场客floor trader现场控制台field control station现场联结field connection现场录音live recording现场铆钉对接接头site riveted butt joint 现场铆接field rivet(t)ing; site rivet(ing) 现场配料field mix现场平衡法field balancing technique 现场清洗in-place cleaning现场人员训练field personnel training 现场摄像机field camera; live camera现场设备field apparatus现场生产性能测定on-farm performance 现场实习workshop practice现场实验field experiment现场使用field service; field usage现场使用可靠性on-the-job dependability现场试验field experiment; field test; field investigation; field trial; site test; site trial; on-the-spot experiment现场试验程序field test procedures现场手册field manual现场数据field data现场栓接field bolted现场踏勘reconnaissance trip现场统计field statistics现场维修field maintenance; on-site repair 现场修理current repair; spot repair现场研究field study现场以外的训练vestibule training现场用压缩机field service compressor现场制造field manufacturing现场制作field fabrication; fabrication on site 现场装配field connection现场组装field assembly现场总线fieldbus现场可替换单元LRU [现场的on-site [现场冷却spot cooling [现场冷却；局部冷却spot cooling项目subject of entry; item项目报告project paper项目编制阶段project preparation phase项目标记project mark项目财务估价project financial evaluation项目采购project purchasing项目成本project cost; item cost项目筹备融通资金project preparation facility (PPF)项目贷款project finance; project-financing loan; project loan 项目单menu项目的拟订project formulation项目的所有者owner of the project项目的总投标价值total tender value of project项目发展周期project development cycle项目范围scope of project项目方案project alternatives项目分隔符item separation symbol项目分类classification of items项目分配allocation of items项目分析item analysis项目工程师project engineer项目工程师负责制project engineer system项目管理project management项目管理人project manager项目号item number项目核对法check list (市场调查技术之一)项目核准权projects approval authority项目后评价post project evaluation项目后评价和后继行动post project evaluation and followup 项目划分segregation of items项目化组织projectized organization项目环境生态评价environmental appraisal of a project 项目货款额度project line项目技术评价project technology evaluation项目计划project plan项目计划设计图project planning chart项目记录item record项目加权item weighting项目检验回归曲线item-test regression curve项目建设费用cost of project implementation项目建设进度表project implementation scheduling项目建议书proposals for the projects项目经济估价project economic evaluation; economic evaluation of a project项目经理project manager项目矩阵组织project matrix organization项目控制project control项目块entry block项目历史history of project项目目标管理project management by objectives项目拟订project formulation项目匹配法matching item项目评估project appraisal; project evaluation项目评估法Project Evaluation and Review Technique项目企业经济评价enterprise's economic appraisal of a project 项目删除deletion of items项目上端item top项目社会评价project's social value appraisal项目设备project equipment项目设计item design项目设计工程师负责制project engineer responsibility system 项目生产project production项目说明item des cription项目说明书specification of an item项目投资时期investment phase of a project项目图与布置图project charts and layouts项目网络法project network technique项目网络分析project network analysis项目文件item file项目小组project group; project team organiztion 项目行item line项目修理通知单item repairing order项目选择project selection项目训练法project training项目研究编目item study listing项目研究小组project team项目一次采购法project purchasing项目一览表itemized schedule项目预算program budget; project budget项目预算编制program budgeting项目政治评价political appraisal of a project项目支助业务project supporting services项目执行project implementation项目执行情况审计报告project performance audity report (PPAR) 项目指标project indicators项目转移item advance项目资金筹措project financing质量grade; mass; quality; qualitative properties; mass (物理用语)质量百分比mass percent质量半径关系mass-radius relation质量保持率quality retention质量保证quality assurance质量保证技术出版物quality assurance technical publications 质量保证计划quality control system质量保证控制程序quality assurance operating procedure质量保证手册quality control (assurrance) manual。
建筑学词汇中英文对照作业
建筑学英语词汇星火燎原2班architecture巴洛克建筑Baroque architecture 建筑学architecture 洛可可建筑Rococo architecture建筑史architectural history 伊斯兰建筑Islamic architecture古典建筑classical architecture 新艺术运动Art-nouveau Movement 古典柱式classical order 现代主义modernism古埃及建筑Egyptian arhcitecture 美索不达米亚建筑Mesopotamian architecture古希腊建筑Greek architecture 古罗马建筑Roman architecture拜占庭建筑Byzantine architecture罗曼式建筑Romanesque architecture哥特式建筑Gothic architecture国际风格In ternati on al Style后现代主义post-modernism 功能主义functionalism 构成主义constructivism 表现主义expressionism 手法主义mannerism 折中主义eclecticism 结构主义structuralism新古典主义neoclassicism文艺复兴建筑Renaissanee复古主义revivalism民族风格 nationalstyle新理性主义neorationalism批判地方主义 critical regionalism解构主义 dec on struct ion反构成主义 dec on structivismimpleme ntati on城市规划管理city planningman ageme nt, city pla nning admi nistrati on城市评价urba n evaluati on技术经济论证tech no-ec ono micappraisal粗野主义brutalism城市发展战略strategy for urban文脉主义 contextualism growth, urban developme nt strategy新陈代谢主义metabolism城市职能city fun ction高技术建筑 hightech architecture 城市性质desig nated fun ctio nof乡土建筑 vernaculararchitecture城市规模city size有机建筑 organic architecture控制性详细规划control detailed城市人口 urba n populati on非农业人口non-farmi ng修建设计con structi on desig ncitypla nningpopulati on人口结构population structure 又称“人群众参与public participati on口构成”城市规划实施city pla nning就业人口employed population就业率employment rate 基本人口basic population 服务人口service population 被抚养人口depe ndent populati on 年龄结构age structure 性别结构sex structure 职业结构occupation structure 常住人口permanent population 暂住人口temporary population 流动人口floating population, fluid populati on 人口增长population growth 人口增长率population growth rate 人口自然增长率natural growth rate 出生率birth rate 死亡率death rate人口迁移增长population growth from migrati on人口百岁图age pyramid 城市人口分布population distribution 城市人口流动migration and immigratio n of urba n populatio n 日间人口day-time population夜间人口night population城市人口预测population projection, populati on estimat ing城市人口规模size of urban populati on劳动平衡labour force balanee城市用地urban land城市规划区city planning area居住用地reside ntial la nd公共设施用地land for public facilities生育率fertility rate 工业用地in dustrial la nd仓储用地land for warehouses对外交通用地land for externaltran sport道路用地land for roads广场用地land for squares市政公用设施用地land for utilities特殊用地land for special use保留地reservation area 又称“预留地”水域water area林地wood land闲置地vaca nt la nd又称“空地”城市用地选择selection of urban land 土地利用规划land use planning土地利用模型land use model用地平衡land use balanee城市气候urban climate 污染系数pollution coefficient风向频率wi nd directi on freque ncy 风玫瑰图wi nd directi on diagram, rose diagram of wi nd directi on热岛效应heat island effect微气候microclimate城市功能分区functional zoning for urba n land use工业区in dustrial area居住区residential area商业区commercial area文教区cultural and educational area 商务办公区bus in ess area仓库区warehouse area综合区mixed use area,comprehe nsive area中心商务区cen tral bus in ess district, CBD市中心商业区downtown公共汽车bus无轨电车trolleybus有轨电车tram, trolley出租汽车taxi城市道路系统urban road system 道路网road network主干路arterial road城市设计urban design, civic design 城市形式urban form城市结构urban structure城市肌理urban tissue城市布局urban layout城市空间urban space旷地open space又称“开放空间”连续空间continuous space活动空间activity space城市形象city image城市艺术civic art简支板suspended slab 嵌固板fixed-edge slab 单向板one-way slab 双向板two-way slab 肋形板ribbed slab井字形梁板groined slab 承重墙load bearing wall 桁架truss框架framework排架bent frame刚架（刚构）rigid frame 桩pile板桩sheet pile结构structure城市景观cityscape, urban Iandscape 基础foundation地基foundation soil 独、立基础s in gle foot ing木结构timber structure 联合基础comb ined foot ing 拱结构arch structure 条形基础strip foun dati on 钢结构steel structure 壳体基础shell foun dati on 砌体结构masonry structure 箱形基础box foun dati on 混凝土（砼）结构con crete structure 筏形基础raft foun dati on 混合结构mixed structure 桩基础pile foundation板柱结构slab-column system 沉箱基础caiss on foun dati on框架结构frame structure 初步设计prelim inary desig n 折板结构folded-plate structure 施工设计final desig n壳体结构shell structure 详图设计detail desig n充气结构pneumatic structure 图纸drawing拉膜结构tensile structure 平面图plan筒体结构tube structure 立面图elevation悬挂结构suspended structure 东立面图east elevati on扩展（扩大）基础spread foun dati on 南立面图south elevati on刚性基础rigid foundation 西立面图west elevati on北立面图north elevation 横咅面cross section 纵剖面longitudinal section 轴测图isometric view 施工图working drawing 总体规划图master pla n。
古代建筑史总结带英文翻译
古希腊（1）古代希腊的建筑，在当时奴隶制的条件下，已经达到了很高的水平。
（2）在古希腊建筑的各项成就中，影响最深的是古典柱式系统。
（3）希腊人热爱户外运动，赞美人体，他们注重建筑外部形象及群体效果，创造了明朗、健康的建筑风格。
完善而单纯的希腊艺术表现了他们爱美的天性。
（4）希腊人在城市建设、建筑物的类型、造型艺术、视觉校正、设计手法、建筑技术等方面，都有很高的成就，这些建筑上的成就曾对欧洲发生过深远的影响。
古罗马（1）古罗马是西方奴隶制发展的最后阶段，幅员辽阔、武力强盛是史无前例的。
因此，古罗马的建筑具有空前的规模和雄伟的风格。
（2）古罗马的建筑是继承了希腊与西亚等地区的建筑成就，并结合了本民族的特点而发展起来的，它在建设活动、建筑类型、建筑尺度、工程技术，空间组合、构图手法等等方面都远远超过了埃及、西亚与希腊，达到了一个新的高峰。
对欧洲后来的建筑有很大的影响。
（3）维特鲁威的《建筑十书》，是世界上第—部完整的建筑理论著作，它成为后来复兴古典的蓝本。
（4）古罗马建筑对天然混凝土的使用和拱券结构的应用，为巨大的建筑物提供了有利的技术条件，从而获得了宽广、灵活的内部空间，出现了规模宏大韵建筑物。
拜占庭（1）拜占廷建筑汇集了罗马建筑的经验与东方建筑的手法，发展了自己独特的建筑风格。
在穹窿顶结构方面、复杂的内部空间构图方面和装饰方面都有显著的成就。
（2）在拜占廷建筑中，教堂是一个重点。
它的外形简朴，内部复杂，有浓厚的地方特色。
结构都用拱券系统，特别是习惯用帆拱解决方形平面或多边形平面上覆盖圆顶的做法。
窗子多为集合式的，它不仅成为内部照明的主要光源，而且起烘托作用。
室内常用彩色马赛克镶嵌图案装饰。
线脚与柱头在古典的基础上有任意的变化。
（3）拜占廷建筑对意大利文艺复兴建筑与俄罗斯建筑都有过一定的影响。
（4）当阿拉伯人在中近东建立了伊斯兰教国家之后，直接从拜占廷学到了许多建筑经验，这些经验成为伊斯兰教建筑风格的重要组成部分。
建史名词中英文对照
建史名词中英文对照中国古代建筑宫 palace,temple殿 hall厅 hall 又称“堂”室 room房 house亭 pavilion台 platform坛 altar楼 storied building阁 pavilion廊 colonnade榭 pavilion on terrace水榭 waterside pavilion轩 windowed veranda民居 folk house四合院 courtyard house寨 stockaded village舫 boat house阙 que, watchtower牌楼 pailou, decorated gateway华表 huabiao, ornamental pillar塔 pagoda硬山 flush gable roof悬山 overhanging gable roof歇山 gable and hip roof庑殿 hip roof四阿 hip roof卷棚 round ridge roof重檐 double eave roof攒尖 pyramidal roof园攒尖 round pavilion roof 大木 wooden structure大式 wooden frame with dougong小式 wooden frame without dougong大木作 carpentry work小木作 joinery work抬梁式构架 post and lintel construction穿斗式构架 column and tie construction井干式构架 log cabin construction檐柱 eave column金柱 hypostyle column内槽柱 hypostyle column 唐代术语内柱 hypostyle column 宋代术语山柱 center column角柱 corner column 唐、宋术语瓜柱 short column脊瓜柱 king post蜀柱 king post 宋代术语雷公柱 suspended column帐杆 suspended column 宋代术语侧脚 cejiao 宋代术语卷杀 entasis梭柱 shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语角背 bracket由戗 inverted V-shaped brace叉手 chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩 wooden pier驼峰 tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语梁 beam袱 beam 宋代术语月梁 crescent beam三架梁 3-purlin beam平梁 3-purlin beam 宋代术语四架梁 4-purlin beam五架梁 5-purlin beam四椽袱 5-purlin beam 宋代术语六架梁 6-purlin beam七架梁 7-purlin beam六椽袱 7-purlin beam 宋代术语九架梁 9-purlin beam八椽袱 9-purlin beam 宋代术语单步梁 one-step cross beam双步梁 two-step cross beam挑尖梁 main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱 rufu, beam tie 宋代术语抱头梁 baotou beam穿插枋 penetrating tie角梁 hip rafer（木行） purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩 purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟 purlin 宋代术语脊（木行） ridged purlin 大式脊檩 ridged purlin 小式脊抟 ridged purlin 宋代术语金（木行） intermediate purlin 大式金檩 intermediate purlin 小式上中平抟 intermediate purlin 宋代术语老檐（木行） purlin on hypostyle 大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行） eave purlin 大式檐檩 eave purlin 小式下平抟 eave purlin 宋代术语额枋 architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋 architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额 architrave 宋代术语由额垫板 cushion board 大式檐垫板 cushion board 小式枋 tiebeam脊枋 ridge tiebeam上金枋 upper purlin tiebeam 下金枋 lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋 eave tiebeam 大式，指檐口构造檐枋 eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽 top rafter脑椽 upper rafter花架椽 intermediate rafter檐椽 eave rafter飞檐椽 flying rafter飞子 flying rafter 宋代术语连檐 eave edging瓦口 tile edging颔版 tile edging 宋代术语举架 raising the purlin举析 raising the purlin 宋代术语步架 horizontal spacing between purlins 材 cai栔 qi分 fen斗口 doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱 dougong,bracket set斗 dou, bracket set升 block with cross mortise大斗 cap block栌斗 cap block 宋代术语拱 gong,bracketarm翘 flower arm, petal华拱 flower arm 宋代术语昂 ang,lever槽升子 center block齐心斗 center block 宋代术语三才升 small block十八斗 connection block交互斗 connection block 宋代术语正心拱 axial bracket arm泥道拱 axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱 oval arm瓜子拱 oval arm 宋代术语万拱 long arm慢拱 long arm 宋代术语厢拱 regular arm令拱 regular arm 宋代术语单材拱 outer-side bracket arm撑头 small tie-beam枋 small tie-beam 宋代术语耍头 nose攒 set of bracket柱头科 bracket set on columns柱头铺作 bracket set on columns 宋代术语平身科 bracket sets between columns补间铺作 bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科 bracket set on corner转角铺作 bracket set on corner 宋代术语出 extension of bracket出跳 extension of bracket 宋代术语cai跳 tiao 宋代术语雀替 sparrow brace搏缝板 gable eave board搏缝版 gable eave board 宋代术语木装修 joiner's work外檐装修 exterior finish work内檐装修 interior finish work框槛 door frame槛 stud抱框 jamb on door or window格栅 partition door抹头 window stool棂子 grill 裙板 panel槛窗 sill wall window榻板 window sill支摘窗 removable window门枕 door bearing门簪 decorative cylinder门跋 door knocker门钉 decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石 bearing stone抱鼓石 drum-shaped bearing stone天花 ceiling帽儿梁 lattice framing支条 lattice framing井口天花 compartment ceiling海墁天花 flat ceiling藻井 caisson ceiling罩 shelf龛 niche博古架 antique shelf瓦石作 masonry檐墙 eave wall廊墙 partition wall扇面墙 horizontal partition wall隔断墙 vertical partition wall槛墙 sill wall樨头 gable wall head挑檐石 cantilever stone on eave五花山墙 stepped gable wall拔磉 corbel, hanging over叠涩 corbel, hanging over 宋代术语角柱石 corner pier阶条石 rectangular stone slab压阑石 rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶 steps踏道 steps 宋代术语踏垛 step踏 step 宋代术语斗板石 intermediate pier垂带 drooping belt stone副子 drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼 triangular space御路 yulu, imperial path羌差 ramp须弥座 xumizuo圭角 guijiao上枋 upper fillet and fascia下枋 lower fillet and fascia上袅 upper cyma, recta下袅 lower cyma, reversa束腰 suyao钩栏 balustrade 宋代术语单钩栏 single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏 double frieze balustrade望柱 baluster望柱头 baluster capital栏版 frieze panel华版 frieze panel地伏 plinth stone寻杖 handrail 宋代术语柱顶石 capital stone柱础 column base踬 zhi碑碣 stone tablet赑屃 bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺 fu, stone turtle 清代术语石像生 stone animal石人 stone human statue筒瓦 round tile 板瓦 flat tile青瓦 black tile脊瓦 ridge tile琉璃瓦 glazed roof tile勾头 eave tile滴水 drip tile瓦当 tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻 zhengwen鸱尾 chiwei 宋及宋前术语正脊 main ridge垂脊 diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊 diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊 horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人 celestial being走兽 animal砖雕 brick carving彩画 colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画 Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画 tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画 ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头 intermediate portion of painted beam枋心 central portion of painted beam点金 gold pointing退晕 color change沥粉 embossed painting贴金 gold foil painting外国古代建筑及构造金字塔 pyramid方尖碑 obelisk牌门楼 pylon莲花式柱 lotus column纸草花式柱 papyrus column棕榈叶式柱 palm column塔庙 ziggurat列柱围廊式 peristyle山花 pediment多立克柱式 Doric order伊奥尼亚柱式 Ionic order 曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
中外建筑史名词中英文对照
外国建筑史名词中英文对照金字塔 pyramid方尖碑 obelisk牌门楼 pylon莲花式柱 lotus column纸草花式柱 papyrus column棕榈叶式柱 palm column塔庙 ziggurat列柱围廊式 peristyle山花 pediment多立克柱式 Doric order伊奥尼亚柱式 Ionic order 曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。
科林斯柱式 Corinthian order檐口 cornice檐部entablature檐壁 frieze额枋 architrave柱头 capital柱身 column shaft槽沟 flute圆底线脚 torus柱基 plinth台基 stylobate输水道 aqueduct万神庙 pantheon凯旋门 triumphal arch角斗场 colosseum广场 forum托斯卡柱式 Tuscan order门廊 potch,portico小穹顶 cupola平嵌线 reglet主穹顶 main dome半穹顶 semi dome帆拱 pendentive会堂 basilica中厅 central nave侧廊 aisle半圆形壁龛 apse袖廊 transept柱廊 colonnade神坛 altar拱廊 atcade壁上拱廊 blind arcade塔楼 turret玫瑰窗 rose window扶壁 buttress尖顶 pinnacle滴水兽 gargoyle顶端饰 finial花色窗棂 tracery四叶饰 quatrefoil五叶饰 cinquefoil府邸 mansion,palazzo鼓座 drum采光塔 lantern小侧窗 bulleye window涡卷装饰 cartouche宣礼塔 minaret 圣龛 mihrab,prayer niche讲坛 mimbar,pulpit拱式 vault type筒拱 barrel vault棱拱 groin vault肋骨拱 rib bed vault星形拱 stellar vault网状拱 reticulated vault扇形拱 fan vault倒槽式拱 trough vault钟乳拱 stalactite vault券式 arch type半圆券 semicircular arch尖券 pointed arch弧形券 segmental arch葱花券 ogee arch马蹄券 horseshoe arch交角券 squinch穹式 dome type半球形穹顶 semespherical dome葱花穹顶 ogee dome方穹顶 square dome阿拉伯花饰 arabesque阿拉伯式柱头 Arabian capital中国古建史名词中英文对照1、中国古代建筑及构造宫 palace,temple殿 hall 厅 hall 又称“堂”室 room 房 house亭 pavilion阁 pavilion榭 pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion台 platform坛 altar楼 storied building廊 colonnade轩 windowed veranda民居 folk house四合院 courtyard house寨 stockaded village舫 boat house阙 que, watchtower牌楼 pailou, decorated gateway华表 huabiao, ornamental pillar塔 pagoda硬山 flush gable roof悬山 overhanging gable roof歇山 gable and hip roof庑殿 hip roof四阿 hip roof卷棚 round ridge roof重檐 double eave roof攒尖 pyramidal roof园攒尖 round pavilion roof大木 wooden structure大式 wooden frame with dougong小式 wooden frame without dougong 大木作 carpentry work小木作 joinery work抬梁式构架 post and lintel construction穿斗式构架 column and tie construction井干式构架 log cabin construction檐柱 eave column金柱 hypostyle column内槽柱 hypostyle column 唐代术语内柱hypostyle column 宋代术语山柱 center column角柱 corner column 唐、宋术语瓜柱 short column脊瓜柱 king post蜀柱 king post 宋代术语雷公柱 suspended column帐杆 suspended column 宋代术语侧脚 cejiao 宋代术语卷杀 entasis梭柱 shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语角背 bracket由戗 inverted V-shaped brace叉手 chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩 wooden pier梁 beam驼峰 tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语袱 beam 宋代术语月梁 crescent beam三架梁 3-purlin beam平梁 3-purlin beam 宋代术语四架梁 4-purlin beam五架梁 5-purlin beam四椽袱 5-purlin beam 宋代术语六架梁 6-purlin beam七架梁 7-purlin beam六椽袱 7-purlin beam 宋代术语九架梁 9-purlin beam八椽袱 9-purlin beam 宋代术语单步梁 one-step cross beam双步梁 two-step cross beam挑尖梁 main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱 rufu, beam tie 宋代术语抱头梁 baotou beam穿插枋 penetrating tie角梁 hip rafer（木行） purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩 purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟 purlin 宋代术语脊（木行） ridged purlin 大式脊檩 ridged purlin 小式脊抟 ridged purlin 宋代术语金（木行） intermediate purlin 大式金檩 intermediate purlin 小式上中平抟 intermediate purlin 宋代术语老檐（木行） purlin on hypostyle 大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行） eave purlin 大式檐檩 eave purlin 小式下平抟 eave purlin 宋代术语额枋 architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋 architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额 architrave 宋代术语由额垫板 cushion board 大式檐垫板 cushion board 小式枋 tiebeam脊枋 ridge tiebeam上金枋 upper purlin tiebeam下金枋 lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋 eave tiebeam 大式，指檐口构造檐枋 eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽 top rafter脑椽 upper rafter花架椽 intermediate rafter檐椽 eave rafter飞檐椽 flying rafter飞子 flying rafter 宋代术语连檐 eave edging瓦口 tile edging颔版 tile edging 宋代术语举架 raising the purlin举析 raising the purlin 宋代术语步架 horizontal spacing between purlins材 cai 栔 qi 分 fen斗口 doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱 dougong,bracket set斗 dou, bracket set升 block with cross mortise大斗 cap block栌斗 cap block 宋代术语拱 gong,bracketarm翘 flower arm, petal华拱 flower arm 宋代术语昂 ang,lever槽升子 center block齐心斗 center block 宋代术语三才升 small block十八斗 connection block交互斗 connection block 宋代术语正心拱 axial bracket arm泥道拱 axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱 oval arm瓜子拱 oval arm 宋代术语万拱 long arm慢拱 long arm 宋代术语厢拱 regular arm令拱 regular arm 宋代术语单材拱 outer-side bracket arm撑头 small tie-beam枋 small tie-beam 宋代术语耍头 nose攒 set of bracket柱头科 bracket set on columns 柱头铺作 bracket set on columns 宋代术语平身科 bracket sets between columns 补间铺作 bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科 bracket set on corner 转角铺作 bracket set on corner 宋代术语出 extension of bracket 出跳 extension of bracket 宋代术语才cai 跳 tiao 宋代术语雀替 sparrow brace搏缝板 gable eave board搏缝版 gable eave board 宋代术语木装修 joiner's work外檐装修 exterior finish work 内檐装修 interior finish work框槛 door frame槛 stud抱框 jamb on door or window 格栅 partition door抹头 window stool棂子 grill裙板 panel槛窗 sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗 removable window门枕 door bearing门簪 decorative cylinder门跋 door knocker门钉 decorative nails on door leaf门枕石 bearing stone抱鼓石 drum-shaped bearing stone天花 ceiling帽儿梁 lattice framing支条 lattice framing井口天花 compartment ceiling海墁天花 flat ceiling藻井 caisson ceiling罩 shelf龛 niche博古架 antique shelf瓦石作 masonry檐墙 eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙 horizontal partition wall 隔断墙 vertical partition wall槛墙 sill wall樨头 gable wall head挑檐石 cantilever stone on eave五花山墙 stepped gable wall拔磉 corbel, hanging over叠涩 corbel, hanging over 宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石 rectangular stone slab压阑石 rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶 steps踏道 steps 宋代术语踏垛 step踏 step 宋代术语斗板石 intermediate pier垂带 drooping belt stone副子 drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼 triangular space御路 yulu, imperial path 羌差 ramp须弥座 xumizu圭角 guijiao上枋 upper fillet and fascia下枋 lower fillet and fascia上袅 upper cyma, recta 下袅 lower cyma, reversa束腰 suyao钩栏 balustrade 宋代术语单钩栏 single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏 double frieze balustrade望柱 baluster望柱头 baluster capital栏版 frieze panel华版 frieze panel地伏 plinth stone寻杖 handrail 宋代术语柱顶石 capital stone柱础 column base踬 zhi碑碣 stone tablet屃 bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺 fu, stone turtle 清代术语石像生 stone animal石人 stone human statue筒瓦 round tile板瓦 flat tile青瓦 black tile脊瓦 ridge tile琉璃瓦 glazed roof tile勾头 eave tile滴水 drip tile瓦当 tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻 zhengwen鸱尾 chiwei 宋及宋前术语正脊 main ridge垂脊 diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戗脊 diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊 horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof 仙人 celestial being走兽 animal砖雕 brick carving彩画 colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画 Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画 tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头 intermediate portion of painted beam枋心 central portion of painted beam点金 gold pointing退晕 color change沥粉 embossed painting。
中国古代建筑英文版
Stone: Used for more durable and long-lasting walls, often for temples and palaces.
03
Wood: Used for less permanent structures and fences.
Walls and Windows
Beam Materials
02
03
04
Columns as
Paintings: Artwork applied to walls, ceilings, and furniture, often depicting landscapes, figures, or scenes from Chinese history or mythology.
Importance of Chinese Ancient Architecture
The Development: Since the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC-476 BC), Chinese ancient architecture has been continuously developing, with more complex building types and styles emerging, including pagodas, towers, pavilions, temples, palaces, gardens, etc.
Palace style architecture is the most representative style of ancient Chinese architecture. It is characterized by its magnificent scale, strict layout, and exquisite decoration. The Forbidden City in Beijing is the most famous example of this style.
中国古代建筑及构造中英文对照
king post
蜀柱
king post
宋代术语
雷公柱
suspended column
帐杆
suspended column
宋代术语
侧脚
cejiao
宋代术语
卷杀
entasis
梭柱
shuttle-shaped column
宋代术语
角背
bracket
由戗
inverted V-shaped brace
叉手
chashou, inverted V-shaped brace
宋代术语
柁墩
wooden pier
驼峰
tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport
宋代术语
梁
beam
袱
beam
宋代术语
月梁
crescent beam
三架梁
3-purlin beam
平梁
3-purlin beam
中国古代建筑及构造中英文对照
（全国自然科学名词审定委员会1996年公布）
宫
palace,temple
殿
hall
厅
hall
又称“堂”
室
room
房
house
亭
pavilion
台
platform
坛
altar
楼
storied building
阁
pavilion
廊
colonnade
榭
pavilion on terrace
小式
抟
purlin
宋代术语
脊（木行）
ridged purlin
大式
中外建筑史中英互译
• 西方宫殿
以单体建筑的宏伟豪华见长
• Western palace Grand grows perceptibly luxuriously by the monomer construction
二 中国宫殿
China Palace
• 朝代的更替 • 国力的盛衰 • 首都的迁移
Dynasty change National strength rise and fall
• 原因: 汉民族文化宽容，内向，保守 受外来文化影响不大但强烈影响了周边国家
Reasons: Han Chinese culture of tolerance, introverted, conservative, but not subject to external cultural influences strongly affect the neighboring countries
西方宫殿 Western Palace
• 古罗马帝国皇宫 Roman Empire Palace 罗马市中心 Rome city center 巴拉丁山 Palestinian Latin mountain
• 法国 巴黎 凡尔赛宫 (皇宫) • France Paris Versailles Palace (imperial palace)
始建于1661年
厅长76米，宽10米，高13 米。镜厅墙壁上镶有17面 巨大的镜子，每面镜子由 483块镜片组成，透过窗户 可以将凡尔赛宫后花园的 美景尽收眼底。 洛可可式建筑风格，于18 世纪20年代产生于法国， 在巴洛克建筑基础上发展 起来，主要表现在室内装 饰上
Rococo architectural style, produced in the 1720s in France, devel oped in the Baroque construction foundation, mainly displayed in the interior decoration
建筑史英文介绍【精品】
The French Monastery in Cluny
Gothic Architecture
(12 – 15th century)
Gothic architecture began mainly in France, where architects were inspired by Romanesque architecture and the pointed arches (lomené oblouky) of Spanish Moorish architecture. It's easy to recognise Gothic buildings because of their arches, ribbed vaulting (žebrová klenba), flying buttresses (opěrné pilí ře), elaborate sculptures (like gargoyles) and stained glass windows. Gothic architecture was originally known as “French Style”. During the period of Renaissance it fell out of fashion and it was not respected by many artists. They marked it as “Gothic” to suggest it was the crude work of German barbarians (Goths). Examples of Gothic architecture: Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin.
古建筑名词 中英对照
古建筑名词中英对照信人: tjr99 (颐养), 信区: DESIGNPHD 标题: 中国古代建筑及构造英文翻译发信站: 未建成BBS (Sun Mar 11 20:43:56 2007), 站内(全国自然科学名词审定委员会1996年公布) 中国古代建筑及构造宫palace，temple殿hall厅hall又称「堂」室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building* 阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace 水榭waterside pavilion 轩windowed veranda 民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que，watchtower牌楼pailou，decorated gateway华表huabiao，ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace*手chashou，inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng，camel-hump shaped support宋代术语梁beam栿beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽栿5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽栿7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽栿9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳栿rufu，beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer桁purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式槫purlin宋代术语脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊槫ridged purlin宋代术语金桁intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平槫intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心桁eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平槫eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter*花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins 材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou，mortise of cap block斗拱dougong，bracket set斗dou，bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong，bracketarm翘flower arm，petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang，lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语跴cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf 门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone 天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall 隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel，hanging over叠涩corbel，hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu，imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma，recta下袅lower cyma，reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet*屃bixi，stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu，stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile 脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end，eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof，vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern，colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画 dragons pattern天花彩画 ceiling pattern箍头 end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting。
建筑史【英文】
Eva Tvrdí ková
Ancient Egyptian Architecture 古埃及建筑
(from 3000 BC to 700 BC)
Egyptian architecture is easily recognizable, thanks to its most famous buildings – pyramids. The construction of these impressive burial places for pharaohs and their families required between 20,000 and 30,000 workers. Construction materials were limestone and sun-baked bricks. Workers had to transport materials by sled and than they had to lift the blocks using the system of ramps and pulleys. Other Egyptian structures were temples and tombs, which were often decorated with hieroglyphics and carvings.
The Parthenon
The Coliseum
Romanesque Architecture 罗马式建筑
(11 – 13th century)
This style was inspired by Roman architecture, continuing the tradition of rounded arches and columns. Romanesque buildings were monumental, supported by massive walls, and had very small windows. Wooden roofs were replaced by ceilings (stropy), which were constructed with barrel and cross vaulting (valená a křížová klenba). The most representative buildings are the rotunda and basilica. A good example of Romanesque architecture is the French monastery in Cluny.
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建筑史中英文对照建史名词中英文对照：中国古代建筑及构造宫palace,temple殿hall厅hall又称“堂”室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilionwindowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que, watchtower牌楼pailou, decorated gateway 华表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction穿斗式构架column and tie construction井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语柱hypostyle column 宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column 唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column 宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语梁beam袱beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam 宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam 宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin beam 宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代术语baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer（木行）purlin (used with dougong) 大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟purlin脊（木行）ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin 小式脊抟ridged purlin宋代术语金（木行）intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平抟intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle 大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行）eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平抟eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm翘flower arm, petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang,lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block 宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm 宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm 宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm 宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket 宋代术语cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board 宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framingcompartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over叠涩corbel, hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta下袅lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet赑屃bixi, stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern, colored drawing式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画dragons pattern天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting建史名词中英文对照：外国古代建筑及构造金字塔pyramid方尖碑obelisk牌门楼pylon莲花式柱lotus column纸草花式柱papyrus column棕榈叶式柱palm column塔庙ziggurat列柱围廊式peristyle山花pediment多立克柱式Doric order伊奥尼亚柱式Ionic order曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。