状语从句

状语从句

（一）时间状语从句

1．when, while, as的区别

(1)when主句和从句中的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。例如：

When we were at school, we went to the library every day.

(2)while ，主句中的动作与从句中的动作同时发生。

Please don’t talk so aloud while others are working.

(3)as I saw him as he was getting off the bus.

2．一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句

the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。如：

The first time I got to the island, I was amazed by its beauty.

The moment I entered the room, I smelled something usual.

Every time I visit him, he is always reading.

3．directly和immediately“一……就……”，相当于the moment/the instant和as soon as。

I knew something was wrong directly I arrived.

The boys did all sorts of mischief immediately my back was turned.

4．before 和after

before 引导的从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后，如果从句是过去时，主句一般要用过去

完成时或一般过去时。after引导的从句动作通常发生在主句动作之前，如果主句要用过去时，从句则要用过去完成时或一般过去时。

The plane had taken off before he arrived at the airport.

After he had lived in the south for nearly 20 years, he decided to go to seek his fortune in the north. 5．no sooner...than 和hardly (scarcely)．.. when意为“一……就……”。主句动词用过去完成时。如果no sooner, hardly 或scarcely位于句首，主句要倒装。

No sooner had he entered the house than it began to rain.

He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.

6．till 和until

“直到……”，句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延续性动词；在否定句中，主句要用

非延续性动词，这时until和before同义。

Until they had finished the work, they did not go home.

7. It 与before, since, when引导的时间状语从句连用时的区别：

(1)It is/has been＋时间段＋since ... 自从……以来已有多长时间了。

(2)It is/was＋时间点＋when ... “当……的时候，是……”。

(3)It be ＋时间段＋before ... “要过多久、过了多久……才”。

How long is it since we met last time?

It was a lready midnight when I got home.

It was not long before she got married and moved to Japan.

（二）地点状语从句

地点状语从句用where, wherever引导

Where there is a will, there is a way.

Wherever they went, they received a warm welcome.

（三）原因状语从句

原因状语从句用because（因为），since（既然）, as（由于）引导

1、由why提问必须用because回答。

since, as不回答why的提问，而且从句一般放在句首，because一般放在主句之后。

2、because of +名词

Because of the rain, we didn’t go to the park.

3、because 和so不可连用，只能选其一。（另有although, but）

Why didn’t he come to school? Because he was ill.

Since I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死，我一定这样做。

4、for并列连词，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间。for所提供的理由为一个补充说明，而且前面常有逗号隔开。

The days are short, for it is December now.

（四）目的状语从句

目的状语从句用so（常用于口语）, that, so that, in order that引导

目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。

We’ll sit never to the front so we can hear better.

They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.

（五）条件状语从句

1．if 和unless

if 表示正面的条件，意为“如果”，unless表示反向的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。

If you’ve got exams tomorrow, why aren’t you studying？

The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains.

【专家提醒】条件状语从句中常用一般时表示将要发生的动作。

2. providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that), as long as, so long as, on condition that 和in case这些连词(词组)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在……条件下”等意思。Supposing (that) you fail a second time, don’t get disappointed, but try again.

On condition that the liquid is cooled still further, it will turn to a solid.。

3．only if和if only

only if 引导的从句用陈述语气，意为“只要”； if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿……”，“要是……就好了”。

only if you have persistence, can you achieve great success.。

If only I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.

（六）结果状语从句

结果状语从句由such…that, so…that, so that, that 引导

1. such… that 的常用句型

such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+that

such +形容词+可数名词单数+that

such+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that

注意so many （much, few, little） +名词，such a lot of （或lots of）+名词是惯用法。

She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.

It was such delicious food that they ate it up.

2. so+形容词或副词+that

so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that

He is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.

It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.

It was such a good day that we all went swimming.

3. so that, that都可以引导结果状语从句