名词性从句讲解及专项练习习题及解答

名词性从句讲解

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、名词性从句

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.

连接副词：when, where, how, why

1. 主语从句（两种结构，三类连接词）

两种结构

1.主语从句位于句首：

What he wants is a book.

Who kept the door open all night was unknown.

2.主语从句位于句尾，it 作形式主语。

（1）It + be + 名词+ that从句

It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。

It’s no surprise that our team should have wo n the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。

（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句.

It seems obvious that we can not go on like this. 很明显我们不能这样下去了

（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句

It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.众所周知光沿直线传播。

It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句

注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

三类连接词:

1.连词that whether

that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。

whether 引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。

That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。

That she survived the accident is a miracle. 她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。

Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.她来不来都无关紧要。

2.连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分.

What you need is more practice.你所需要的是更多的训练。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这事。

Whatever we do is to serve the people.我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。

3.连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)

Where we should leave it is a problem.

When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.他们什么时候来还不知道。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

练习

1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

A. Who

B. The one

C. Anyone

D. Whoever

2. It was he said disappointed me.

A. what ; that

B. that; that

C. what; what

D. that; what

3. we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If

B. Whether

C. That

D. Where

4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.

A. What

B. That

C. The fact

D. The matter

5._______ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.

A. That

B. Why

C. What

D. How

6. It is necessary that a college student _______ at least a foreign language.

A. masters

B. should master

C. mastered

D. will master

7.What I say and think ___ none of your business.

A. is

B. are

C. has D have

8. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There

B. This

C. That

D. It

9. _______ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If

B. Whether

C. That

D. Where

2. 宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.

我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。

注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：

I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。

例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。

3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether 与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；

b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；

e. 后接动词不定式时。

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。