学术综合英语听力原文 学术综合英语听力材料
学术综合英语听力翻译
1-1道路建设早上好,同学们。
今天我要讲的是第十八世纪道路建设和美国经济开展之间的关系.。
大约300年前,美国经济增长迅速,主要是因为粮食和棉花这两个重要农产品的贸易蓬勃开展.。
由于人口的迅速增长和欧洲大量移民,在当时的东部地区,粮食产量迅速增加,在当时的人口中占了。
其结果是,粮食需求几乎翻了一番。
由于这个原因,粮食贸易首先在这个国家开展起来.。
与此同时,为了把粮食从农村运到各城市,公路系统也逐渐建立起来.。
道路建设显然有助于迅速开展经济在这些领域和城市以与。
在同一时期,南方的农民可以从非洲获得大量的劳动力,他们开始种植棉花.。
由于棉花产量增加了,农民们需要在其他地方卖棉花.。
因此,许多道路被建立起来,把农村和城市联系起来.。
起初,这种粮食和棉花贸易发生在沿海,或靠近河流和湖泊。
它发生在那里,因为它是容易和廉价的货物运输从一个地方到另一个地方。
在1700之前,用公路运输货物是非常昂贵的.。
因此,农民不得不主要依靠河流把农作物转移到市场上.。
当时,美国只有一条连续的道路.。
它从北到南沿着乡间的道路,这是联系在一起,使一条漫长的道路。
在很短的时间内,第一个东向西的道路建成。
他们被称为收费公路。
私人公司建造这些道路,并收取所有车辆旅行费用。
最终,由于粮食和棉花贸易的蓬勃开展,修建了一条连接一些主要城镇的公路网.。
虽然旅行对农民来说仍然是昂贵的,但他们很快就宁愿把农作物搬到城市和其他地区的道路上,而不是乘船,因为它更快,更方便。
所以在这里我们可以看到一个相当清晰的道路建设在美国和它对经济开展的影响,在此期间。
1-2美国密西西比河下午好。
今天我们要谈谈密西西比河。
密西西比河是北美洲最大的河流.。
它的主要支流排水面积约3000000平方公里,约占整个大陆的八分之一。
密西西比河完全位于美国。
从明尼苏达伊塔斯卡湖的源头,它从北几乎整个南方内陆,收集其主要支流水域,到墨西哥湾。
密西西比河的伟大,因为它是亲切地称,流动总距离约4000公里的源。
学术综合英语听力材料
学术综合英语听力材料以下是一个学术综合英语听力材料,供参考:标题:Climate Change and Its Impact on Global HealthClimate change is a pressing issue that has major implications for global health. Scientists have observed significant changes in the Earth's climate system, including rising temperatures, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and rising sea levels. These changes are mainly attributed to human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.One of the most direct impacts of climate change on human health is the increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves. Heatwaves can lead to heatstroke, heat exhaustion, and other heat-related illnesses, particularly in vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions. Additionally, prolonged exposure to extreme heat can worsen respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.Another major concern is the spread of infectious diseases. Climate change, along with other factors such as globalization and urbanization, has contributed to the spread of vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue fever. Warmer temperatures and changing rainfall patterns create more favorable conditions fordisease-carrying mosquitoes to thrive and expand their geographic range.Furthermore, climate change can exacerbate food and water insecurity, both of which have significant implications for global health. Changing rainfall patterns can lead to droughts and floods, causing crop failures and water scarcity. Limited access to nutritious food and clean water can lead to malnutrition, stunted growth, and increased susceptibility to infections and diseases.Addressing climate change and its impact on global health requires a multi-faceted approach. Mitigation efforts, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources, are crucial to prevent further climate change. Adaptation strategies, such as improving healthcare systems and implementing early warning systems for extreme weather events, are also vital in building resilience against the impacts of climate change.In conclusion, climate change poses significant risks to global health. Heatwaves, infectious diseases, food and water insecurity, and mental health issues are among the major concerns. Taking proactive measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change is crucial in protecting human health and ensuring the well-being of future generations.。
学术英语视听说1 lesson14 听力原文
学术英语视听说1 lesson14 听力原文全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1My Week at Summer CampHi everyone! Today I want to tell you all about my awesome week at summer camp last month. It was so much fun and I learned a ton of cool new stuff. Get ready for a long story because there's a lot to cover!On Monday morning, my mom drove me to Camp Wildwood which is about an hour away from our house. I was a little nervous since I had never been away from home for a whole week before. But as soon as I arrived, the counselors were really nice and helped me feel welcome. They showed me and the other new campers around the camp and explained all the different activities we could do.After dropping off my stuff in the cabin, we headed over to the lake for swimming lessons. I'm not the strongest swimmer yet, so I was in the beginners group. The lifeguards taught us how to float on our backs and tread water. It was hard work butI'm glad I practiced those skills. Later that afternoon, we had arts and crafts time where I made a cool tie-dye shirt.The best part of the day though was definitely campfire time at night. All the campers gathered around the fire pit and the counselors told spooky stories and taught us funny camp songs. We made s'mores too which was my first time trying them. So good! I had a hard time falling asleep that first night because I was too excited.Tuesday started with an awesome nature hike through the woods. Our counselor Jim pointed out different plants, birds, and animal tracks along the trail. He taught us tree identification by looking at the leaves and bark. After the hike, we had an outdoors cooking lesson over the campfire. We made hobo pies which are like little personal pies cooked in tinfoil with fruit filling inside. Delicious!In the afternoon, we went canoeing on the lake. I was a little nervous getting into the canoe at first because I thought it might tip over. But our counselors showed us the proper rowing technique to keep the canoe stable. It was harder work than I expected to paddle across the lake! That night after campfire, we had a stargazing session with a big telescope. It was amazing to see planets, stars, and galaxies up close.Wednesday was probably my favorite day. In the morning, we went on a rockin' climbing adventure! Camp Wildwood has this awesome rock climbing wall and high ropes course. After getting harnessed up, I conquered my fear of heights and made it all the way to the top. The view from up there was incredible. In the afternoon, we did some team building games and activities which helped me make new friends. At night, we had a talent show around the campfire where kids could sing, dance, tell jokes, or show off any other talents. I told a few of my favorite kid-appropriate jokes which got some good laughs.Things slowed down a little on Thursday. We had a relaxing morning learning about bird watching and identifying different species by sight and sound. Later on, we had a workshop on camping skills like how to pitch a tent, build a fire, read a compass, and other survival stuff. I feel ready to go camping in the wilderness now! That evening, we had an outdoor movie night on a big screen set up near the lake which was really cool.On my last day Friday, I was definitely feeling sad that camp was ending. We spent the morning packing up our stuff in the cabins and doing cabin clean-up duties. In the afternoon though, we had one final big event which was the Camp Wildwood Olympics! Campers were split into teams to compete in goofyevents like a three-legged race, water balloon toss, tug-of-war and more. My team was unstoppable and we won the gold medal!After the Olympics, we had one final campfire ceremony where they handed out awards and signatures to decorate our Camp Wildwood shirts and bandanas. I was honored to receive the "Camper of the Week" award which made me feel so proud. I'll never forget that incredible, adventure-filled week of learning new skills, conquering challenges, and making wonderful friends.So that's the full scoop on my summer camp experience, friends! I highly recommend going to sleep-away camp if you get the chance. You're guaranteed to have an awesome time exploring nature, trying new activities, and creating lasting memories. I'm already counting down the days until next summer when I can go back to Camp Wildwood!篇2My Big Adventure at the ZooLast weekend, my mom and dad took me to the zoo for my birthday! I was so excited because I love animals. We got up really early and packed a picnic lunch with sandwiches, fruit, chips, and juice boxes. The drive to the zoo took forever, or atleast it felt like it to me. I kept asking "Are we there yet?" every five minutes.Finally, we made it to the zoo entrance. I could see the huge sign with a picture of an elephant. My dad paid for our tickets and we went inside. The first thing I saw was the map showing all the different animal exhibits. There were so many! I didn't know where to start.We decided to head to the Africa section first to see the lions, zebras, and giraffes. On the way, we stopped to watch the sea lion show. The sea lions were so funny and did lots of cool tricks like balancing balls on their noses and jumping through hoops. One of them even waved at me!In the Africa section, we saw the most amazing animals. The lions were sleeping in the shade under a big tree. They looked very peaceful and fluffy. The male lion had a huge mane around his head that made him look like a king. I wouldn't want to make him mad though - those teeth were massive!My favorite was definitely the giraffes. They were so tall - taller than the trees even! Their long necks seemed to go on forever. One giraffe was sticking his giant purple tongue out to grab some leaves off a branch. I wanted to pet their spots but the sign said not to try to touch or feed the animals.Next, we went to the primate area to see the monkeys and apes. They were so funny, swinging from branch to branch and making lots of loud noises. Some of the smaller monkeys liked to pick bugs and leaves out of each other's fur. The gorillas were incredible - they looked so strong and powerful. One silverback gorilla was beating his chest which made the ground shake!After that, it was time for our picnic lunch. We found a nice shady spot near the duck pond to eat our sandwiches and rest our feet for a bit. I fed the ducks some crumbs from my chips which they seemed to love.Our last stop was the reptile house. To be honest, I was a little scared at first because some of the snakes looked really slippery and creepy behind the glass. But I was also fascinated by how they could unhinge their jaws to swallow huge prey whole. The crocodiles and alligators were pretty scary too with their massive jaws and teeth.My favorite reptiles ended up being the turtles. There was a really old, huge one that looked like it was smiling as it swam around its pond. The zoo keeper said some turtles can live to be over 100 years old! I also got to pet a smaller tortoise. Its shell felt hard but smooth, almost like a rock.After the reptile house, we were all getting pretty tired so we decided to call it a day. On the way out, I begged my parents for one last treat - a swirl ice cream cone from the snack stand. Cookies and cream for me, please!I had such an amazing day seeing all the cool animals up close. The zoo was so much fun that I can't wait to go back again sometime soon. Maybe next time I'll even get to feed a giraffe! I just hope nobody tells the lions where I live - those teeth were no joke.篇3Hi, my name is Timmy and I'm in 3rd grade. Today I want to tell you about what I learned in Listening Lesson 14 in my Academic English class. It was all about understanding different accents and pronunciation in English. Boy, was it interesting!First, we talked about how English is spoken differently in different countries and regions. My teacher said that even though English started in England, it spread all around the world as people moved and settled in new places. So now there are lots of different "accents" or ways of pronouncing English words.One accent we learned about was the British accent from England. The teacher played some recordings and it soundedreally fancy and proper to me. Like when they say words with an "a" like "can't" or "pants", they make it sound more like "cahn't" or "pahn'ts". They also don't pronounce "r" sounds as strongly as Americans do.Then we listened to some Australian English accent samples. That one sounded really relaxed and casual, kind of like a dude at the beach. They say "day" like "dye" and "no" like "nah". The Australian accent makes a lot of the vowel sounds higher too.The next one was from India and it sounded very melodic and musical to me. In Indian English, they really stretch out their vowel sounds and their accents go up and down a lot on different syllables of words. Like "hello" almost sounds like "helloooo". It's a very lilting accent.After that was the Jamaican accent from the Caribbean islands. That one was my favorite - it had such a fun, bouncy rhythm! The Jamaican speakers we heard kind of sang their words and dropped a lot of consonant sounds. Like "There" became "Dere" and "think" was more like "tink".We also covered the Southern American accent from states like Texas and Alabama. That drawling accent drew out a lot of vowels, like "I" became "Ahhhhhh" and "prize" turned into "prahhhhhz". The Southern accent speakers also tended to drop"g" sounds at the end of words like "going" (goin') and "reading" (readin').Finally, we learned about the Boston accent from Massachusetts. Boy, that was a tricky one! In the Boston accent, "r" sounds get added to words that don't actually have any "r"s! So "park the car" comes out like "pahk the cah". They also make the "a" really flat like the British do.After listening to all those different accents, we had to do some exercises identifying which accent we were hearing in short clips. I got most of them right because the different accents all sounded really distinct to me after practicing.My teacher said it's important to be able to understand all the different accents because English is a global language spoken by people all over the world. If you can't understand different pronunciations, then you'll miss out on communicating with a lot of people! She also said having an accent is totally normal and natural. As long as you can be understood, there's no accent that's "better" or more correct than others.I think my favorite part was hearing the fun rhyme about all the accents:"There once was a speaker from Mass,Whose accent would make your head ask -Was there an "r" carOr a kid named Marr?Who could nevah be sure, in that class!"I had such a good time learning about all the different ways to speak English in Lesson 14. Understanding accents helps me appreciate how diverse and far-reaching the English language is across the globe. I can't wait for the next lesson to learn more!篇4Hi there! My name is Emily and I'm going to tell you all about Listening Lesson 14 from my Academic English class. It was super interesting to me so I want to share what I learned.The lesson was all about understanding conversations between multiple people. The teacher said this is an important skill because in the real world, we often find ourselves in group situations where several people are talking at once. It can be really hard to follow along!We started by listening to a conversation between three friends deciding where to go for lunch. There were lots of suggestions being thrown around - pizza, Chinese food, that newburger place. I had to concentrate really hard to keep track of who said what and their reasons for wanting a particular type of food. The friends also interrupted each other a few times which made it even trickier.After listening, the teacher asked us some comprehension questions. Things like "Who suggested the pizza place?" and "What reason did Jessica give for not wanting burgers?" I got most of them right because I took good notes while listening. Writing down key words and details really helps me concentrate.Next up was a more challenging conversation - a family discussion about what to do over summer vacation. This time there were four people involved - mom, dad, and two kids. They were weighing the pros and cons of different vacation options like going to the beach, visiting relatives, or staying home and doing local activities.The hard part was keeping track of who preferred what option and why. The mom and dad had different priorities than the kids. And then the kids weren't fully agreeing with each other either! At one point they all started talking over each other and I got a bit lost. But I tried circling words like "I think," "My idea is," and "What if we..." to identify who was stating an opinion.When we discussed it as a class, I realized I had missed some key points about the dad's perspective. My teacher reminded me to always be listening for cues about each speaker's stance, like "My main concern is..." or "The best part would be..." Those signal phrases helped clue me into the main arguments.The final conversation was THE HARDEST! It involved a teacher and four students having a casual discussion about favorite books. With so many people, there was a lot of crosstalk and interrupting. Also, people would briefly mention book titles or authors without giving much context. So I'd be scrambling to write down vocabulary words I couldn't quite make out.For that one, taking notes wasn't as effective for me. I ended up having to listen for context clues about what book someone was referring to based on their opinion about the writing style, character descriptions, etc. The teacher said that for complex group conversations, that's a really important skill - making inferences from limited information.Overall, I learned that following group conversations requires intense concentration, active listening, and note-taking skills. It's something I definitely need to keep practicing. Maybe I'll ask my friends to have more multi-person chats when we hang out! I'll be the expert conversation-follower in no time.Whew, that was a lot of detail! But I really enjoyed that listening lesson and wanted to share all the tips I picked up. Let me know if you have any other questions!篇5Lesson 14: My Favorite AnimalTeacher: Good morning, class! Today, we are going to talk about our favorite animals. Let's start with you, Jenny. What is your favorite animal?Jenny: Good morning, everyone! My favorite animal is a dolphin. Dolphins are super smart and friendly. They live in the ocean and swim really fast. They can even jump out of the water and do tricks. I like watching videos of dolphins because they make me happy.Teacher: That sounds wonderful, Jenny! Dolphins are amazing creatures. How about you, Tim? What is your favorite animal?Tim: Hi, everyone! My favorite animal is a cheetah. Cheetahs are the fastest land animals. They have spots on their fur, which helps them hide in the grass. I love watching documentaries about cheetahs running and chasing their prey. They are so cool!Teacher: Great choice, Tim! Cheetahs are indeed fascinating animals. Now, let's hear from you, Sarah. What is your favorite animal?Sarah: Hello, everyone! My favorite animal is a panda. Pandas are adorable and cuddly. They are black and white, and they eat bamboo. I think they look like big teddy bears. Whenever I see a picture of a panda, I want to give it a big hug.Teacher: Oh, pandas are absolutely adorable, Sarah! They are loved by people all around the world. Thank you for sharing. Now, let's move on to you, Alex. What is your favorite animal?Alex: Hi, everyone! My favorite animal is a monkey. Monkeys are so playful and funny. They swing from trees and make funny sounds. I like watching videos of monkeys doing tricks and imitating humans. They always make me laugh.Teacher: Monkeys are indeed entertaining, Alex! They are full of energy and mischief. Thank you for sharing your favorite animal. Now, let's hear from you, Emma. What is your favorite animal?Emma: Hello, everyone! My favorite animal is a butterfly. Butterflies are so colorful and beautiful. They start as caterpillarsand then turn into butterflies. I love seeing them fluttering around flowers. They make me feel happy and peaceful.Teacher: Butterflies are truly magical, Emma! They bring joy and beauty to our surroundings. Thank you for sharing that. Now, let's hear from you, David. What is your favorite animal?David: Hi, everyone! My favorite animal is a lion. Lions are the kings of the jungle. They have a big mane and a loud roar. I like watching videos of lions hunting and protecting their pride. They are strong and brave.Teacher: Lions are majestic creatures, David! They are symbols of strength and courage. Thank you for sharing. Now, let's move on to you, Lily. What is your favorite animal?Lily: Hello, everyone! My favorite animal is a horse. Horses are elegant and graceful. They can run really fast, and they are good at jumping. I like riding horses and taking care of them. They make me feel free and happy.Teacher: Horses are magnificent animals, Lily! They have been our companions for centuries. Thank you for sharing your favorite animal. Now, let's hear from you, Ethan. What is your favorite animal?Ethan: Hi, everyone! My favorite animal is a dog. Dogs are loyal and friendly. They are our best friends. I like playing fetch with them and taking them for walks. They always make me feel loved and protected.Teacher: Dogs are indeed wonderful companions, Ethan! They bring so much joy and love to our lives. Thank you for sharing. Well, class, it was fantastic to learn about your favorite animals. Remember, every animal is unique and special in its own way. Let's appreciate and respect them all.篇6Lesson 14: Our Amazing Solar SystemHello, everyone! Today, we are going on an exciting adventure to explore our amazing solar system. Are you ready? Let's start our journey!Our solar system is made up of the Sun and all the objects that orbit around it. The Sun is like a big, bright ball of fire in the sky. It gives us light, heat, and energy. We should always remember to never look directly at the Sun because it can hurt our eyes.Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It's a small, rocky planet that is very hot during the day and extremely cold at night. It takes Mercury only 88 days to orbit around the Sun. That's really fast!Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It's often called Earth's sister planet because it's similar in size. Venus has thick clouds that trap heat, making it the hottest planet in our solar system. Did you know that it spins in the opposite direction compared to most other planets?Earth is our home planet, and it's the third planet from the Sun. We are so lucky to live here! Earth has everything we need to survive – air, water, and beautiful landscapes. It takes 365 days for Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun, and that's why we have different seasons.Next, we have Mars, also known as the "Red Planet." It gets its nickname from the reddish color of its surface. Scientists have sent many missions to Mars to learn more about it. Who knows, maybe one day we'll be able to visit Mars and explore it ourselves!Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It's so big that all the other planets could fit inside it! Jupiter has a big, redspot called the Great Red Spot. It's actually a huge storm that has been going on for hundreds of years. Isn't that amazing?Saturn is famous for its beautiful rings made up of ice and rocks. These rings make Saturn look like a giant with a fancy belt. It's truly a sight to behold! Saturn also has many moons, and some of them are even covered in ice.Uranus and Neptune are the last two planets in our solar system. They are both known as ice giants because they are made mostly of ice and gas. Uranus is a bluish-green color, while Neptune is a deep blue. They are very far away, and it would take a long time to reach them.Wow! Our solar system is full of wonders. From the scorching heat of Mercury to the icy beauty of Neptune, each planet has its own unique characteristics. Remember to keep exploring and learning about our incredible universe. Who knows what other mysteries we will uncover in the future?I hope you enjoyed our journey through the solar system. Until next time, keep reaching for the stars!。
学术英语(社科)unit1-8 听力大案及原文
ListeningBusinesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs.The simplest form of business is called an individual or sole proprietorship. The proprietor(经营者) owns all of the property of the business and is responsible for everything.For legal purposes, with this kind of business, the owner and the company are the same. This means that the proprietor gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but also must pay any debts.Another kind of business is the partnership. Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls.One kind of partnership is called a limited liability partnership. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also have less responsibilities for the business.Doctors, lawyers and accountants often form partnerships to share their risks and profits. A husband and wife can form a business partnership together.Partnerships exist only for as long as the owners remain alive. The same is true of individual proprietorships.But corporations are designed to have an unlimited lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization.Corporations can sell stock as a way to raise money. Stock represents shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buy stock can trade their shares or keep them as long as the company is in business.A company might use some of its earnings to pay dividends(红利) as a reward to shareholders. Or the company might reinvest the money into the business.If shares lose value, investors can lose all of the money they paid for their stock. But shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the corporation.A corporation is recognized as an entity(实体)——its own legal being, separate from its owners.A board of directors control corporate policies. The directors appoint top company officers. The directors might or might not hold shares in the corporation.But not all corporations are traditional businesses that sell stock. Some nonprofit groups are also organized as corporations.Script for listening taskTask 1 p40-41Keys:1.BACDA2.particular; concrete; in the light of the past; outside his regard; as near the earth as a politicianListeningKeys to After-class tasksTask 2FTFFScript for listening:People differ in many ways. One difference is in how attractive they are. The actor Brad Pitt, for instance, is a handsome man. In part for this reason, his movies attract large audiences. Not surprisingly, the large audiences mean a large income for Mr. Pitt.How prevalent are the economic benefits of beauty? Labor economists Daniel Hamermesh and Jeff Biddle tried to answer this question in a study published in the December 1994 issue of The American Economic Review. Hamermesh and Biddle examined data from surveys of individuals in the United States and Canada. The interviewers who conducted the survey were asked to rate each respondent’s physical appearance. Hamermesh and Biddle then examined how much the wages of the respondents depended on the standard determinants --- education, experience, and so on--- and how much they depended on physical appearance.Hamermesh and Biddle found that beauty pays. People who are deemed to be more attractive than average earn five percent more than people of average looks. People of average looks earn five to 10 percent more than people considered less attractive than average. Similar results were found formen and women.What explains these differences in wages? There are several ways to interpret the ―beauty premium‖.One interpretation is that good looks are themselves a type of innate ability determining productivity and wages. Some people are born with the attributes of a movie star; other people are not. Good looks are useful in any job in which workers present themselves to the public--- such as acting, sales, and waiting on tables. In this case , an attractive worker is more valuable to the firm than an unattractive worker. The firm’s willingness to pay more to attractive workers reflects its customers’ preferences.A second interpretation is that reported beauty is an indirect measure of other types of ability. How attractive a person appears depends on more than just heredity. It also depends on dress, hairstyle, personal demeanor, and other attributes that a person can control. Perhaps a person who successfully projects an attractive image in a survey interview is more likely to be an intelligent person who succeeds at other tasks as well.A third interpretation is that the beauty premium is a type of discrimination, a topic to which we return later.ListeningKeys to textbook tasks1.demography; the scientific study of population2.standard measures; births; deaths; the number of those moving in and out; generalstatistics; identify trends1.the number of births per 1000 people in a given year2.the number of deaths per 1000 people in a given year3.the number of live births per 1000 women of the world4.18Listening script:The scientific study of population is known as demography. The word comes from the Greek for ―measuring people‖. But counting heads is only a small part of what demographers do. They also attempt to calculate the growth rate of a population and to assess the impact of such things as the marriage rate and life expectancy, the sex ratio, the age structure on human behavior and the structure of society. They are interested in the distribution of population and in movements of people. Put another way, demographers study the effects of such numbers on social trends.Demographers use a number of standard measures in translating a locality’s raw totals--- births, deaths, the number of those moving in and out--- into general statistics that allow them to identify trends. The birthrate is the number of births per 1000 people in a given years. Suppose there were 900 births in a city of 50000 in a specific year. Demographers calculate the birthrate for the city by dividing the number of births (900) by the population (50000) and multiplying the result (0.018) by 1000 to get 18. The birthrate in developed countries is 1.6; in less developed countries it is 4.0. The death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people in a given year. The fertility rate is the number of live births per 1000 women of the world. As mentioned earlier, population and population growth rates are highest in developing nations and lower in Western nations. These rates are also complicated by mass movements of refugees to and from certain countries. By 1994 the population of refugees was over 23 million, up from about 10 million refugees worldwide in 1983. Mass movements of people into and out of Afghanistan, Somalia and Mozambique have contributed to this sharp increase. Famine and political upheaval are usually behind these mass exoduses.ListeningTask 11) culture identity 2) ethnic identity3) cultural group 4) ethnic group2.1) Culture identity embodies standards of behavior and the ways in which beliefs, values, and attitudes are transmitted to the younger generation. It also entails the ways in which kinship relationships and marital and sexual relationships are structured.2) Ethnic identity refers to the geographic origin of a minority group within a country or culture.3) Cultural group refers to a set of people who embrace core beliefs, behaviors, values, and norms and transmit them from generation to generation.4) Ethnic group is a set of people who are embedded within a larger cultural group or society and who share beliefs, behaviors, values, and norms that are also transmitted from generation to generation.DictationOne’s cultural identity is an important aspect of being human. Cultural identity evolves from the shared beliefs, values, and attitudes of a group of people. It embodies standards of behavior and the ways in which beliefs, values, and attitudes are transmitted to the younger generation. Cultural identity also entails the ways in which kinship relationships and marital and sexual relationships are structured. Examples of the vast array of cultural identities in the United States include Anglo American, Italian American, African American, and Asian American – to name just a fewScript:One’s cultural identity is an important aspect of being human. Cultural identity evolves from the shared beliefs, values, and attitudes of a group of people. It embodies standards of behavior and the ways in which beliefs, values, and attitudes are transmitted to the younger generation. Cultural identity also entails the ways in which kinship relationships and marital and sexual relationships are structured. Examples of the vast array of cultural identities in the United States include Anglo American, Italian American, African American, and Asian American – to name just a few.Cultural identity transcends ethnic identity, or ethnicity, which refers to the geographic origin of a minority group within a country or culture. Whereas many people learn about their specific ethnic identities from their parents, many more children are born with parents from several ethnic groups. As this increases in the United States, more young people are unclear about their ethnic identityand are simply calling themselves American.A cultural group is a set of people who embrace core beliefs, behaviors, values, and norms and transmit them from generation to generation. Most cultures contain subgroups called co-cultures, distinct cultural of social groups living within the lesbians. An Ethnic group is a set of people who are embedded within a larger cultural group or society and who share beliefs, behaviors, values, and norms that are also transmitted from generation to generation. Ethnicity plays a major role in determining what we eat and how we work, relate, celebrate holidays and rituals, and feel about life and death an illness.Unit 6ListeningKeys to textbook tasksTask 11.1) blogger: someone’s online record of the websites he or she visits.2) Web logger: one-person Internet blabbermouths who pop off to anyone who will listen2.1). TV has coped well with technological change2). almost 37 hours a week watching television3). people are constantly messaging and tweeting about them, and discussing them on Facebook.4). more than two million in America last year5). more than 600 today6). paying for greater television choiceScript:Task 1Internet journalism has been greatly influenced by the so-called ―bloggers‖. In the strict sense, a blogger is someone’s online record of the websites he or she visits. Blogger is a contraction of ―Web logger‖. Web loggers have been called one-person Internet blabbermouths who pop off to anyone who will listen. They criticize each other but some of the best take on, sometimes unfairly, the big newspapers and networks. They provide a kind of instant feedback loop for media corporations. Some equate them with the more lively editorial pages of earlier times. Web loggers are having an important impact on the ―old media‖as well as on public opinion over salient political and social issues.Task 2Newspapers are dying; the music industry is still yelping about iTunes; book publishers think they are next. Yet one bit of old media seems to be doing rather well. In the final quarter of 2009 the average American spent almost 37 hours a week watching television. Earlier this year 116 million of them saw the Super Bowl-- a record for a single programme. Far from being cowed by newmedia, TV is colonizing it. Shows like ―American Idol‖and ―Britain’s Got Talent‖draw huge audiences partly because people are constantly messaging and tweeting about them, and discussing them on Facebook.Advertising wobbled during the recession, shaking the free-to-air broadcasters that depend on it. But cable and satellite TV breezed through. Pay-television subscriptions grew by more than two million in America last year. The explosive growth of cable and satellite TV in India explains how that country has gone from two channels in the early 1990s to more than 600 today. Pay-TV bosses scarcely acknowledge the existence of viewers who do not subscribe to multichannel TV, talking only of people who have ―yet to choose‖ a provider. This is not merely bluster. As our special report this week explains, once people start paying for greater television choice, they rarely stop.Unit 7ListeningTask 11) puts a barrier up2) just the connection3) quite unreliable4) could break at any momentTask 2FFTFTScript:Interviewer: Today’s ―big story‖ is the Information Society. We’ll focus on some of the issues and, of course, the language behind the top ic. ―Information and communications technology‖, the ―information society‖, the ―digital divide‖--- these terms have become buzz words in the modern world. But what do they all mean?Interviewee: This is a way of looking how society has changed. If we look back to a hundred years ago, we were talking about the Industrial Revolution--- countries becoming economic powers, developing their businesses through the use of machines. Now the emphasis has shifted to information, and technology is a tool by which people can gain that information--- be it through computers, on the Internet, or maybe over a mobile phone. And that’s what we are talking abut here: using technology as a tool to get ac cess to information, to find out what’s happening in the world.Interviewer: And why is this such an important area? Why does it feature in the list of World Service Big Stories, do you think?Interviewee: Say you are a farmer in Senegal, and you want to find out what the price is for the mangos or the pineapples that you’re growing. When you come to sell them to the trader, you don’t know what the price of that pineapple is in the capital. You have to take, at face value, what you’re offered for it. But sa y you had a mobile phone, and that on that mobile phone, you could find out what the price of pineapples was in the capital, that would put you in a much stronger position when it came to selling your goods, and you would get a much better price for your crops. That would make a very big difference to how much money you earned every month.Interviewer: So let’s say we’re talking about telephones and computers as you’ve suggested, what do we mean when we say there’s a ―digital divide‖?Interviewee: this all comes down to having access to information--- being able to find information about crop prices, about the latest research, even news about what’s happening in your country or in your part of the world easily. In industrialized countries it’s all around us. Apart fromnewspapers and radio stations, we now have the Internet, or you can even get this sort of information on your mobile phone. The problem for developing countries is that they don’t have access to that information.Interviewer: Success in the modern world depends on having access to up-to-date information--- whether for business, farming, education, healthcare--- for every aspect of life. And in this so-called ―information society‖, there’s a digital divided between the haves and the have-nots---- those who are able to access information and those who aren’t. But the ability to access information depends on more than just having the right technological equipment.Interviewee: there are several big problems wen it comes to the internet access. One of the big ones is that a lot of the material on the Internet is in English, and that instantly puts a barrier up to a lot of people in the world because they have to speak at least some English to understand the information there. The other thing is just the connection. To connect to the Internet, you need to connect either through cables or you can do it through radio waves. But in many parts of the developing world, what you have is a very slow connection over a telephone line. Telephone lines in a lot o f these parts of the world are quite unreliable, they’re a bit crackly, they might have some interference on the line. So what you then have is an Internet connection that, not only is slow, but could break at any moment. This is a huge problem for the developing countries.Interviewer: We’ve talked a bit about the Internet, then, the difference that can make to people’s lives. What about the phone? And particularly the mobile phone?Interviewee: This is almost more revolutionary than the Internet itself. B ecause what you’re finding now is that in countries like Nigeria, almost everybody will have a mobile phone. In the past they would have had to rely on trying to get a normal landline, something connected with wires to the local exchange, and the problem i s there wouldn’t be many of these telephones, they would expensive. But now mobile phones are opening the world of communication to just about everybody. So, selling goods is easier; sharing ideas is much more possible now than in the past; or even just giving advice to colleagues or friends.Unit 8ListeningKeys to After-class tasksSummaries:politically correct means socially correct according to the views of those who were politically left of center. There are three kinds of political correctness. Type A refers to new ways of saying things, avoiding giving offence to members of minority groups. For examples, person is preferred to man/woman, Ms to Miss/Mrs and physically challenged to disabled. Type B refers to terms used to attack those thought to be politically incorrect. Words such as sexist, racist, Eurocentric are examples. Type C refers to terms indicating a positive program for addressing wrongs. Expressions such as multiculturalism and affirmative action are cases in point.Listening scriptWell, good evening ladies and gentlemen. I’m giving a talk on political correctness. Can you hear me at the back?What is political correctness? What is it? Well, let’s look at the appearance of the term. In the 1980s, in the United States, then in this country, we suddenly had a number of strange inventions in the language. For example, The Washington Post newspaper, on 12th of March 1984, we read about a writer called Langer. Langer is saying that novelists have a duty higher than the one they owe to their art, that is the art of writing, of course, and in their private vision of world, they havea duty to be politically correct. And again The Washington Post in the following year, ―it is the only caffeinated coffee served by the waitpersons,‖ they’re called in the politically correct Tacoma Café in Tacoma Park. Well, what’s all this about? What does politically correct mean in its sense? Well, I would suggest in the original sense in the States, politically correct meant socially correct according to the views of those who were politically left of center. It was a descriptive term.Now let’s look at some examples of politically correct language. There are at least three categories, I suggest, of politically correct language. Let’s call them A, B and C. So A. There are new ways of saying things, avoiding giving offense to members of minority groups. Now what’s a minority group here? A group referred to as a minority is one which is in ways disadvantaged or oppressed. So the traditional categories here of minority group would include women, and in some countries blacks, perhaps the elderly and so on. So the new way of saying things, for, instead of ―man‖ or ―woman‖, we could say ―person‖. That would be politically correct usage because it is regarded as discriminatory to distinguish between men and women, we’re all persons. Or again, it became very fashionable to use ―Ms‖, ms, instead of ―Miss‖ or ―Mrs.‖ as a title for a woman. Or again ―s’he‖, or ―he/she‖, that, in place of ―he‖ or ―she‖. Or again, ―black‖ or ―negro‖. The quality of the language here is rather important. Blacks, themselves, in the States came to dislike the term ―negro‖, preferring to be called Black, with a capital ―B‖. Again, of ―poor‖, poor people, we talk of ―disadvantaged‖ people or perhaps ―exploited‖, but ―disadvantaged‖ seems more neutral. Then, what about male homosexuals, for example? Well, the term ―gay‖changed its meaning dramatically. ―Gay‖ used to mean cheerful, happy and so on, but now, it’s normally, it’s taken to mean male homosexual. Then there is the suffix ―challenged‖. So, some people would say, not ―disabled‖, perhaps somebody has a damaged leg, not ―disabled‖but ―physically challenged‖. And for ―old‖, we might say ―experientially enhanced‖, or something of that sort. So, so much for ways of saying things without giving offence to minority groups.Next among these examples, Category B, let’s call it. Terms to attack those thought to be politically incorrect. Now, such terms are very important weapons and can be sued to destroy a person’s reputation. So, for example, ―sexist‖, a sexist is somebody who talks disparagingly of a woman or worse. A ―racist‖ is somebody who regards himself or themselves as a member of a superior race. An ―ageist‖ is somebody, normally not always, a hostile suffix. If you say someone is sexist, racist, ageist or whatever, you are attacking them. You’re attacking them as morally uncouth. Then, there are other terms used in attacking offensive people in politically correct method. For example, ―Eurocentric‖. A Eurocentric person is somebody who thinks that European culture is the center of world culture and talks and behaves as if that were so. European culture is somehow superior to the cultures of other centers. Or a ―homophobe‖. Have you heard this term? Homophobe is somebody who is said to discriminate against homosexuals. Phobe, P H O B E, being the Greek root for somebody who dislikes or fears something.A third category, let’s call it C here, for example, terms indicating a positive program for addressing wrongs. For example, ―multiculturalism‖. Now, multiculturalism is the attitude which recognizes many centers of cultural interest in the world rather than only a white male Anglo-Saxon, or European, at it were. And ―affirmative action‖is another expression which is used to indicate putting things right that are wrong. So affirmative action might include promoting people with the advantaged groups and so on.。
学术英语医学听力原文完整版
学术英语医学听力原文完整版<i>如题,这是完整版。
前面部分为字,后面有些单元为截图。
</i>UNIT 1Welcome to Insidermedicine In Depth. I'm Dr. Susan Sharma.Focusing time and energy on the most personally meaningful aspects of their work may help physicians avoid burnout, according to a survey published in the Archives of Internal Medicine. Here are some consequences of physician burnout, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine: Increased risk for substance abuseDamage to personal relationships, andIncreased risk for developing inappropriate prescribing patterns Researchers from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester surveyed over 550 physicians in the department of internal medicine at a large academic medical center. The survey included questions about job satisfaction, emotional well-being, and the aspects of the jobs that were the most meaningful.As many as 34% of respondents met the criteria for burnout, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a low sense of personal accomplishment. The 88% who said they spent at least 20% of their working time on activities they found to be the most meaningful had about half the burnout rate of those who did not.Today's research highlights the need to optimize career fit among physicians in order to reduce burnout rates.For Insidermedicine In Depth, I'm Dr. Susan Sharma.UNIT 2Emerging economies such as China, India and South Africa arediscovering there is a downside to prosperity. As incomes rise, health can decline. On Monday, the U.N. opens a high-level meeting on non-communicable diseases that usually have been associated with western nations.In recent years, India and China have seen a growing middle class. But with greater affluence has come a surge in diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. South Africa is on a similar path. The United Nations will debate what can be done about these illnesses.Project HOPE is calling on the U.N. to take strong action C not only on treatment C but prevention. The health-based NGO has programs in 35 countries on 5 continents, many of them dealing with non-communicable diseases or NCDs.One of them C the HOPE Center C is located in Johannesburg, South Africa. Stefan Lawson, country director for Project HOPE, welcomes the U.N. meeting.“It's the first time that we've had non-communicable diseases put on such a high-level forum. The last time a specific disease was done at this sort of level was for HIV and AIDS. And so, being able to push for non-communicable diseases up at that ministerial level I think will do a lot of good,“ he said.What's for dinner?Lawson said a majority of South African men and women are now overweight.。
学术英语综合听力原文
学术英语综合听力原文Academic English Listening:TranscriptToday we're going to talk about the impact of climate change on global food security. Climate change is a pressing issue facing our planet today, and it has far-reaching consequences for many aspects of human life. One such consequence is the effect on our food supply. As the climate becomes more unpredictable and extreme weather events become more frequent, agricultural production is at risk.One of the main problems is rising temperatures. Higher temperatures can cause heat stress on plants, which can lower crop yields. Additionally, increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can affect photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. This can result in slower growth and lower nutritional value of crops.Another issue is changing precipitation patterns. Some areas may experience more frequent and intense droughts, while others may see an increase in heavy rainfall and flooding. Both of these scenarios have negative impacts on crop production. Droughts can lead to water scarcity, and without enough water, crops cannot grow. On the other hand, heavy rainfall and flooding can destroy crops and soil, making it difficult to grow anything in the future. Furthermore, climate change can also impact pests and diseases. Warmer temperatures can lead to the expansion of the range and population of certain pests, which can damage crops. In addition,changing climate conditions can create favorable environments for the spread of diseases that affect both plants and animals. Overall, climate change poses a serious threat to global food security. Without adequate food supply, there will be impacts on nutrition and health, as well as social and economic stability. It is crucial that we take immediate action to mitigate the effects of climate change and ensure a sustainable and secure food future.。
英语听力材料 英语听力材料原文(5篇)
英语听力材料英语听力材料原文(5篇)听力在高考试卷中占的比分是五分之一,其比分之大使得考生不敢对其有半点的马虎。
为了让您对于英语听力材料的写作了解的更为全面,下面作者给大家分享了5篇英语听力材料原文,希望可以给予您一定的参考与启发。
英语听力材料原文篇一In America, people are faced with more and more decisions every day, whether it’s picking one of 31 ice cream (1) , or deciding whether and when to get married. That sounds like a great thing, but as a recent study has shown, too many choices can make us (2) , unhappy, even paralyzed with indecision. ‘That’s (3) true when it comes to the work place’, says Barry Schwartz, an (4) of six books about human behavior. Students are graduating with a (5) of skills and interests, but often find themselves (6) when it comes to choosing an ultimate career goal. In a study, Schwartz observed decision-making among college students during their (7) year.flavors confused particularly author variety overwhelmed senior.在美国,人们每天都在面临越来越多的选择。
学术英语视听说1听力原文
学术英语视听说1听力原文1.M: You call Mike a dreamer, but I think he’s got a lot of ideas.W: Good ideas are only useful if you make something out of them.Q: Why does the woman think that Mike is a dreamer?2.M: Hello, Susan. Could you please meet Mr. James at the airport? His flight is BA 553 from London. He should arrive at about 10 o’clock. Mr. James is in his late fifties, average height and has short, curly, gray hair. His meeting with the Sales Department is at 4:00. Thank you.W: Sure, no problem.Q: What does the man mean?3.M: Hello, I’m a senior student. Could you tell me whether this reference room is only for faculty members?W: No, it’s also open to the postgraduates; and undergraduate s can come too if they’ve got professors’ written permission.Q: Can the man study in the reference room?4.M: Jane, get up.W: It’s six-thirty in the morning!M: So? It’s a beautiful morning. The sun is shining. There’s not a cloud in the sky. And it’s wa rm and not at all windy.Q: What is the weather?5.M: I’d like to make an appointment to see Dr. Smith tomorrow.W: I’m sorry. Dr. Smith went on a week vacation in Mexico, and on his way back he’ll be staying in California for 5 days. Let me see. He’ll pro bably be back the day after tomorrow.Q: Where is Dr. Smith now?6.W: Did you watch the game last night?M: I wouldn’t have missed it for anything! Q: Did the man watch the game last night? 7.M: I’m messy. I always put things everywhere.W: Ask someone to call you every week to remind you to clean the house.Q: What’s the woman’s advice?8.M: Hey, Louise. I’ve got a used copy of our chemistry textbook for half price.W: I’m afraid you wasted your money. Yours is the first edition, but we’re supposed to be u sing the third edition.Q: What has the man done?9.W: Hey, John. Are you okay?M: No, not really. This weather makes me feel down.W: Oh, I know. January is a terrible month sometimes. I have an idea. Let’s go for a walk. It’s not snowing now, and it’s cl ear and sunny. M: It’s cold outside.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?10.W: Le t’s talk about the preparation for the party.M: Right. We really need to plan better this time. Remember what a mess it was at the last party!Q: What do we know about the last party? Question 11 to 13 will be based on the following conversation.M: what are you plans for John’s birthday? W: Well, at noon on Friday I’m going to pick him up at work in the car.M: Cool. What if his boss won’t let him go ear ly?W: I’m thinking of inviting his boss. So she’ll have to let him go.M: Great idea!11. What’s the woman’s plan for John’s birthday?12. When is the woman planning on picking up John?13. Will John’s boss let him go early?Question 14 to 17 will be based on the following conversation.Lisa: Now that you have your new job, Fred, we’re going to make some changes around here. Fred: Changes? What kind?Lisa: Well, the first thing is we’re going to get a new dining room table.Fred: A new dining room table? What for? Lisa: What for? Because we bought this one at a garage sale three years ago. For fifteen dollars! Fred: So? I like garage sale table, Lisa.Lisa: So do I, but I’d like to get a new one. Anda new sofa. A cream-colored sofa. Tomatch the color of our wall.Fred: But these walls are blue.Lisa: Yes, they are. But we’re going to paint them a nice creamy color. The two of us.Fred: We are?Lisa: Yes! Why don’t you call your brother. Ask if we can borrow his painting stuff today. Fred: Here’s a better idea: let’s have lunch. Lisa: We’ll have lunch later.14. What’s the first thing Lisa wants to do since Fred has got a new job?15. Why does Lisa want a new dinning table?16. What do you think is a garage sale?17. Why does Fred suggest that they have lunch first?Question 18 to 20 will be based on the following conversation.Steve: hi, I’m Steve Lee. Are you a student? Mariano: yes, Iam. I’m Mo.Steve: is Mo your nickname?Mariano: yes, it is. My first name is Mariano. My last name is Montoya.Steve: nice to meet you, Mo Montoya. Are you in my English class?Mariano: I don’t know. What’s the name of your English teacher?Steve: his name is Mr. Brown. He’s in room 220. Mariano: Mr. Brown? No, I’m not in your English class. I’m in Room 210. my teach er’s name is Ms. Sikes.Steve: Ms. Sikes? My friend Paul is in her class.He’s a basketball player.Mariano: I’m a basketball player, too. (Bell rings.)Steve: Bye! Nice to meet you, Mo.Mariano: Nice to meet you, too.18. What is common of Steve and Mariano?19. What’s Mo’s first name?20. Who are in Ms. Sikes’English class together?Section BPart oneMobile phones are very popular today. It can’t be denied that there has been a mobile phone boom in the last decade. Everywhere you go, people seem to be on the phone. How do people feel about mobile phones? Our on-the-street survey found some interesting answers. Sixty-nine percent of the people we asked think mobile phones are convenient and save time. Nineteen percent use mobile phones only whenthey have to. A small percentage --- only three percent --- think mobile phones are unnecessary. Another three percent saythey are addicted to their mobile phones.21. What do most people think about mobile phones?22. How many people use a mobile phone only when they have to?23. What are the findings of the survey about mobile phones?Passage TwoWhat is stress and why does it cause so many problems? Actually, stress is a good thing. It helps people survive dangerous situations. Suppose you are walking in the woods and you see something dangerous --- an escaped tiger! Now your body’s stress system kicks into action. Special “stress chemicals”called hormones speed up your heart. These “fight-or-flight”hormones make your whole body stronger and faster --- so you can either fight the tiger or run away from it.24. Under what circumstances can stress be a good thing?25. What are hormones?26. What does flight mean here?Passage ThreeLisa was American who taught English in other countries. She was telling her friend that miscommunications were always possible, even over something as simple as “yes”and “no”. One her first day in Mirconesia, Lisa thought people were ignoring her requests. The day was hot, and she needed a cold drink. She went into a store and asked “Do you have cold drinks?”The woman there didn’t say anything. Lisa rephrased the question. Still the woman said nothing. At this point, Lisa gave up and left the store. She soon learned that the woman had answered her: she had lifted her eyebrows, which in Micronesia can mean “yes”. Thisreminded her friend Jan of an experience in Bulgaria. Jan had a similar experience. Once she had gone into a restaurant that was famous for its fried fish. “do you have fried fish today?”she asked the waiter. He nodded his head. Jan eagerly waited. The dish never arrived. In Bulgaria, a nod means “no”.27. What did Lisa teach?28. Why didn’t Lisa get the cold drink she needed on a hot day in Micronesia?29. What can we learn from Lisa’s experience to avoid miscommunication in a foreign country?30. Why didn’t Jan get the fried fish she waited eagerly in a restaurant in Bulgaria?Section C31)riding 32)kept in touch33)on special occasions34) Unknown35) share my sorrow36)friend 37)noticed38) as soon as39) Minutes later40) emptyReview: units 1-41-5 CBDCB 6-10 ABADC11-13 AAC14—17 BDDC18-20 DBA21-23 CBA24-26 BDA27-30 BCDA31.riding 32. kept in touch 33.on special occasions 34.Unknown 35. share my sorrow36.friend 37. noticed 38. as soon as39. Minutes later40. empty。
《学术英语(综合)》Listening Scripts
《学术英语(综合)》Listening ScriptsUnit1EconomicsListening:A person has a comparative advantage at producing something if he can produce it at lower cost than anyone else.Having a comparative advantage is not the same as being the best at something.In fact,someone can be completely unskilled at doing something,yet still have a comparative advantage at doing it!How can that happen?First,let's get some more vocabulary.Someone who is the best at doing something is said to have an absolute advantage.Michael Jordan has an absolute advantage at basketball.For all I know,Michael Jordan may also be the fastest typist in the world,giving him an absolute advantage at typing,too.Since he's better at typing than you, can't he type more cheaply than you?That is,if someone has an absolute advantage in something,doesn't he automatically have a comparative advantage in it?The answer is no!If Jordan takes time out from shooting hoops to do all his own typing,he sacrifices the large income he earns from entertaining fans of basketball.If,instead,his secretary does the typing,the secretary gives up an alternative secretarial job—or perhaps a much lower salary playing basketball.That is,the secretary is the lower-cost typist.The secretary,not Michael Jordan,has the comparative advantage at typing!The trick to understanding comparative advantage is in the phrase"lower cost".What it costs someone to produce something is the opportunity cost—the value of what is given up.Someone may have an absolute advantage at producing every single thing,but he has a comparative advantage at many fewer things,and probably only one or two things.(In Jordan's case,both basketball and also as an endorser of Nike.)Amazingly,everyone always has a comparative advantage at something.Let's look at another example. Suppose you and your roommate want to clean the house and cook a magnificent dinner for your friends one night. The easy case is when you are each better at one activity.If you are an accomplished chef,while your roommate doesn't know the range from the oven;and if after you vacuum the carpet,the dust bunnies have shifted from under the sofa to under the coffee table,while your roommate can vacuum,dust,and polish the silverware faster than you can unwrap the vacuum-cleaner cord,then you and your roommate will each be better off if you cook and your roommate cleans.It's easy to see that you each have a comparative advantage in one activity because you each have an absolute advantage in one activity.But what if your roommate is a veritable Martha Stewart,able to cook and clean faster and better than you? How can you earn your keep toward this joint dinner?The answer is to look not at her absolute advantage,but at your opportunity costs.If her ability to cook is much greater than yours but her ability to clean is only a little better than yours,then you will both be better off if she cooks while you clean.That is,if you are the less expensive cleaner,you should clean.Even though she has an absolute advantage at everything,you still each have different comparative advantages.The moral is this:To find people's comparative advantages,do not compare their absolute advantages. Compare their opportunity costs.答案:Task2:Case1:absolutely;comparative;lowerCase2:you cook and your roommate cleans;you clean and your roommate cooksUnit2Business EthicsLead-in:Limit smoking and tobacco advertising—that's the World Health Organization formula for saving a billion lives during the21st century.Despite on-pack warning and advertising restrictions smoking is on the rise indeveloping nations.For example,China is home to30%of the world's smokers.In fact,its smoking population of 350million people is larger than the entire U.S.population.The Chinese government owns the country's largest tobacco companies,and a pack of cigarettes is far cheaper in China than anywhere else in the world,two factors that complicate efforts to curb smoking.Sill,China has been requiring prominent heath warnings on cigarette packs and banned smoking in public buildings.In India,the world's second-largest market for cigarettes,tobacco companies are not allowed to advertise their products.For years,they got around restrictions through"surrogate advertising",promoting different products with the same brand as their cigarettes.When India tightened regulations on surrogate advertising,many cigarette companies turned to sponsorship of sports and fashion events.To save lives,the World Health Organization wants governments to ban all tobacco marketing and outlaw smoking in all workplaces.What's next for the global cigarette business?答案:Task:1.Limit smoking and tobacco advertising2.350million people3.IndiaListening:Companies are losing control.What happens on Wall Street no longer stays on Wall Street.What happens in Vegas ends up on YouTube.Reputations are volatile.Loyalties are fickle.Management teams seem increasingly disconnected from their staff.A recent survey said that27%of bosses believe their employees are inspired by their firm.However,in the same survey,only4%of employees panies are losing control of their customers and their employees.But are they really?I'm a marketer,and as a marketer,I know that I've never really been in control.Your brand is what other people say about you when you're not in the room,the saying goes.Hyperconnectivity and transparency allow companies to be in that room now,24/7.They can listen and join the conversation.In fact,they have more control over the loss of control than ever before.They can design for it.But how?First of all,they can give employees and customers more control.They can collaborate with them on the creation of ideas,knowledge,content,designs and product.They can give them more control over pricing,which is what the band Radiohead did with its pay-as-you-like online release of its album In Rainbows.Buyers could determine the price,but the offer was exclusive,and only stood for a limited period of time.The album sold more copies than previous releases of the band.The Danish chocolate company Anthon Berg opened a so-called "generous store"in Copenhagen.It asked customers to purchase chocolate with the promise of good deeds towards loved ones.It turned transactions into interactions,and generosity into a panies can even give control to hackers.When Microsoft Kinect came out,the motion-controlled add-on to its Xbox gaming console,it immediately drew the attention of hackers.Microsoft first fought off the hacks,but then shifted course when it realized that actively supporting the community came with benefits.The sense of co-ownership,the free publicity, the added value,all helped drive sales.答案:Task1:1.have more control2.give employees and customers more control;collaborate;designs and product;pricingTask2:1.F2.F3.T4.T5.TUnit3PsychologyLead-in:Psychologists explore concepts such as perception,cognition,attention,emotion,phenomenology,motivation, brain functioning,personality,behavior,and interpersonal relationships.Psychologists of diverse stripes also consider the unconscious mind.While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems,it is also directed toward understanding and solving problems in many different spheres of human activity.The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role,practicing in clinical, counseling,or school settings.Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior,and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings(e.g., medical schools,hospitals).Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings,or in other areas such as human development and aging,sports,health,and the media,as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law.答案:Task:(1)brain functioning(2)the unconscious mind(3)mental health problems(4)The majority of psychologists(5)industrial and organizationalListening:Hi,this is Jane Fendelman from and this video is"what is personality?"Personality is a person's consistent thoughts,feelings,and behaviors that do not change throughout their life. That is their personality.Your personality makes you unique.In all the world there is no one else with your personality and your particular nuances.One of the components we look at in personality is consistency.There are different schools of thought but the majority believe that personality does not change throughout the entire life of the person.Another component we look at in personality is nature/nurture.Nature is when we believe that people are born with a particular personality.They come into the world a certain way.Maybe they're an introvert or an extrovert. This is something that we can't control.Then,there's also the influence of nurture.That is how we're raised,the environment in which we are raised and the people around us,and the programming we receive from those people. Both have an influence on how we are and who we are and how we deal with and look at the world.There are three ways of being in the world.There are those people who,if they are cold,they'll get up and put on a sweater.They'll change themselves.Then there are those people who will get up and change the thermostat. They'll ask a change of the environment or the people around them.And then there's the third way of being,which is the highest way,and the wisest way.That is to be able to do both,and to know which to do when.Make a change in yourself or ask for a change from those around you.There are numerous personality theories and tests that you can take and study,and I invite you to explore that.When you're looking at your personality you may find things you don't like.I invite you to learn to love those aspects of yourself.Some philosophers call them your dark side.Learn to love them,because when you hate them and try to drive them out,they have a tendency to go underground and run you unconsciously.So learn to love every aspect of yourself and then your personality will come out more beautifully.Thank you for joining me!答案:Task1:1.Personality is a person’s consistent thoughts,feelings,and behaviors that do not change throughoutheir life.2.1)consistency2)nature/nurture3.2)We change the environment or the people around us3)We are able to do both.(or:We change ourselves and the environment or the people around us.) Task2:1.introvert;extrovert;we can’t control;we’re raised;around us2.dark side;go underground;unconsciouslyUnit4EnvironmentListening:We live on a human-dominated planet,putting unprecedented pressure on the systems on Earth.This is bad news,but perhaps surprising to you,is also pat of the good news.Were the first generation—thanks to science—to be informed that we may be undermining the stability and the ability of planet Earth to support human development as we know it.I's also good news,because the planetary risks were facing are so large,that business as usual is not an option.In fact,were in a phase where transformative change is necessary,which opens the window for innovation,for new ideas and new paradigms.This is a scientific journey on the challenges facing humanity in the global phase of sustainability.On this journey,I'd like to bring,apart from yourselves,a good friend,a stakeholder,who's always absent when we deal with the negotiations on environmental issues,a stakeholder who refuses to compromise—planet Earth.So I thought Id bring her with me today on stage,to have her as a witness of a remarkable journey,which humbly reminds us of the period of grace we've had over the past10,000years.This is the living conditions on the planet over the last100,000years.I's a very important period—it's roughly half the period when we've been fully modern humans on the planet.We've had the same,roughly,abilities that developed civilizations as we know it. This is the environmental conditions on the planet.Here,used as a proxy,temperature variability It was a jumpy ride.80,0000years in a crisis,we leave Africa, we colonize Australia in another crisis60,00years back,we leave Asia for Europe in another crisis40,000years back,and then we enter remarkably stable Holocene phase,the only period in the whole history of the planet,that we know of,that can support human development.A thousand years into this period,we abandon our hunting and gathering patterns.We go from a couple of culture:we million people to the7billion people we are today.The Mesopotamian the invent agriculture,we domesticate animals and plants.You have the Roman,Greek and the story as you know it.The only phase,as we know it that can support humanity.The trouble is were putting a quadruple squeeze on this poor planet.A quadruple squeeze,which,as its first squeeze,has population growth of course.Now,this is not only about numbers;this is not only about the fact that we're7billion people committed to9billion people,it's an equity issue as well.The majority of the environmental impacts on the planet have been caused by the rich minority,the20%that jumped onto the industrial bandwagon in the mid-18th century.The majority of the planet,aspiring for development,having the right for development,are in large aspiring for an unsustainable lifestyle,a momentous pressure.The second pressure on the planet is,of course the climate agenda—the big issue—where the policy interpretation of science is that it would be enough to stabilize greenhouse gases at450ppm to avoid average temperatures exceeding2degrees,to avoid the risk that we may be destabilizing the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, holding6meters—level rising,the risk of destabilizing the Greenland Ice Sheet,holding another7meters—sea level rising.Now,you would have wished the climate pressure to hit a strong planet,a resilient planet,but unfortunately,the third pressure is the ecosystem decline.Never have we seen,in the past50years,such a sharp decline of ecosystem functions and services on the planet,one of them being the ability to regulate climate on the long term,in our forests,land and biodiversity.The forth pressure is surprise,the notion and the evidence that we need to abandon our old paradigm,thatecosystems behave linearly,predictably,controllably in our—so to say—linear systems,and that in fact,surprise is universal,as systems tip over very rapidly,abruptly and often irreversibly.This,dear friends,poses a human pressure on the planet of momentous scale.We may,in fact,have entered a new geological era—the Anthropocene, where humans are the predominant driver of change at a planetary level.答案:Listening:Task1:Environmental conditions on the planet:1)we colonize Australia in another crisis2)we leave Asia for Europe in another crisis3)we enter the stable Holocene phase4)we abandon our hunting and gathering patterns5)we invent agriculture,we domesticate animals and plantsPressure on the planet:2)climate agenda3)ecosystem decline4)surpriseTask2:planet Earth;very rapidly;a geological eraUnit5PhilosophyListening:Socrates may have lived in the4th century BC,but his insights are desperately needed in our time of strident clashing dogmatisms in which everybody feels entitled to express an opinion,no matter how ill founded.For Socrates philosophy was not about abstruse theories,but about learning how to be good.He invented dialectic,a rigorous dialogue,designed to expose false beliefs and to elicit truth.Unlike Plato and Aristotle,he didn't live in an ivory tower,but was willing to talk to anybody,slaves and soldiers,as well as academics or politicians,about the nature of justice,courage,friendship,or piety.They usually thought that they knew what they were talking about, but by the end of the conversation,Socrates had laid bare the flaws and inconsistencies that lay at heart of everyone of their firmly held opinions.Socrates'aim was not to come up with clever solutions,but to make his dialogue partners admit that there were no easy answers.Those who did not do this could only live superficially and expediently."The unexamined life,"Socrates insisted,"is not worth living".Reading Plato's account of Socrates' conversations,we become aware of a constant striving for knowledge without fanaticism or dogmatic certitude,but society doesn't always relish such honesty.In399the Athenian democracy put Socrates to death for subverting the young.He died without anger,and was able to meet death with quiet receptive peace that has characterized his constant search for truth.The reason why RenéDescartes is so important as a philosopher,as a mathematician,is because he gives a solid foundation to how we should think.He writes a book called Rules for the Regulation of Thought,of the Mind. He says we should think as we speak.Continuously he finds a foundation for all mathematics,for all thought in one crucial insight,which comes to him in a dream,that because he is thinking,therefore he must exist,so the world isn't all a fantasy.He then takes the solid geometry that we know as a rigorous science that comes from the Greeks and turns it into a way of dealing with numbers,a way of going beyond Greek geometry.He invents the coordinate plane that allows us to graph lines,give them equations,solve these equations mechanically without having to think this is a wonderful opposition in him.He wants to save our thought for the important battles.There's this one story, one story made up of two parts,opposition,mind/body,algebra/geometry,the external/the internal,the invented and the discovered.These are the two sides of the chasm,that Descartes,and that we in our own minds,bridge,step across,unite by a magical process,which is mathematics.答案:Listening:Task1:1)talk to anybody2)truth3)how we should think4)exist5)a way of dealing with numbersTask2:1.feels entitled to;ill founded2.an ivory tower;academics;justice3.mathematician4.mind/body;the invented and the discoveredUnit6MathematicsListening:Q:Who—or what—are the Numerati?A:They're members of a global elite,and are busy analyzing our every move.They're rummaging through mountains of data,looking for patterns of our behavior so that they can predict what we might want to buy,who were likely to vote for,what job we'd do better than our colleagues.Some are even matching us with potential lovers.The Numerati are masters of symbolic realm,They're great at math and computer science.The Googleplex is crawling with Numerati.So is IBM.When I started this book,I thought that the Numerati were different from the rest of us,that they were“numbers people".As I watched them studying our shopping and voting patterns,I saw this wasn't true.They analyze data much the way all of us do every day.Let's say a friend asks you for a$100loan.You immediately begin working through data and probabilities.How much does she earn?Does she lie more than most people?What are the chances she'll move?What will she do if you say no?You give different weight to each of these variables.That's exactly what the Numerati do.In a sense,we're all Numerati.But they deal with millions of us at the same time and they use big machines.Q:Data collecting is old hat.Why are things different now?A:Imagine that a detective or a biographer wanted to piece together a year of your life,say1991.For this,he might have to climb up into your attic and dig through boxes of letters,big folders of snapshots,telephone bills,and all sorts of paper.He might have to interview friends,neighbors and co workers.Our histories existed largely on paper and in foggy memories.That has changed.Our photos and correspondence,and practically everything we do at the office now travels as digital data.With this hit,we now deliver our details in a single standard made of ones and zeros.Who can make sense of all that data,turning it into new insights about us,new services, new industries?Only the Numerati.This can be frustrating for those of us who studied humanities.There used to be a pretty clear divide.The math types stuck to engineering and science and architecture—and they left the study of humans to us.Those of us who dropped Calc101could still rise high in psychology,journalism,law and marketing.But now the Numerati are storming into the humanities.Q:Should we be scared of the Numerati?A:Let's say vigilant.They have unprecedented power to uncover our secrets.And their predictions,produced by algorithms,will have a lot to say about whether we get a job,how much we spend for health insurance,even if we'll get swept up as a terrorism suspect.Here's what we have to keep in mind.The Numerati are not always right.They work with statistics,often delivering stunning results.A grocer,for example,will be thrilled if60%of targeted shoppers go for a promotion on filet mignon.It won't matter if a few of those getting coupons are vegans or devout Hindus.Shift the focus from shopping to something like brain cancer or homeland security.Then the errors—what the Numerati call"false positives"—start to become a very big deal.So,we don't want them to misread us.At the same time,we don't want them to know and predict us too well.That would feel a bit like Big Brother,which is a danger.Q:Which area of our lives are the Numerati transforming most quickly?A:They're racing ahead in shopping,marketing,advertising and media.Look at Google.It's revolutionizing entire industries(including my own)by applying mathematics and computer science—the tools of the Numerati—to the world of information.Q:When readers get to the final page of The Numerati,what do you hope they will be thinking and feeling?A:I hope they start seeing(or imagining)the Numerati at work everywhere they look,whether it's at school,at work,at the hospital or the grocery store.That's what has happened to me.I'm acutely aware of the data that I'm sending out into the world,whether it's driving through an EZ Pass on the Garden State Parkway or checking the baseball scores on my PC at work Hmm,I wonder.What conclusions will they draw from that?If readers of the book start thinking this way,perhaps they'll analyze the patterns of their own lives and the data they produce.For many of us,its a new way to learn about ourselves.And like it or not,it's the way the rest of the world will go to know us.答案:Listening:Task1:Question1:symbolic realm;our every moveQuestion2:piece together a year of life;everything we do might be travelling as digital data and we now deliver our details in a single standard made of ones and zerosQuestion3:misread;know;predictQuestion4:shopping;marketing;advertising;mediaQuestion5:learn about ourselves;get to know usTask2:1.T2.T3.F4.TUnit7SociologyListening:When I got my current job,I was given a good piece of advice,which was to interview three politicians every day.And from that much contact with politicians,I can tell you they're all emotional freaks of one sort or another. They have what I called"logorrhea dementia",which is they talk so much they drive themselves insane.But what they do have is incredible social skills.When you meet them,they lock into you,they look you in the eye,they invade your personal space,they massage the the back of your head.1had dinner with a Republican senator several months ago who kept his hand on my inner thigh throughout the whole meal—squeezing it.I once—this was years ago—I saw led Kennedy and Dan Quayle meet in the well of the Senate.And they were friends,and they hugged each other and they were laughing,and their faces were like this tar apart.And they were moving and grinding and moving their arms up and down each other.And I was like, "Get a room.I don't want to see this."But they have those social skills.Another case:Last election cycle,I was following Mitt Romney around New Hampshire,and he was campaigning with his five perfect sons:Bip,Chip,Rip,Zip,LIP and Dip.And he's going into a diner.And he goesinto the dinner,introduces himself to a family and says,"What village are you from in New Hampshire?"And then he describes the home he owned in their village.And so he goes around the room,and then as he's leaving the dinner,he first-names almost everybody hes just met.I was like,"Okay,that's social skill."But the paradox is,when a lot of these people slip into the policy making mode,that social awareness vanishes and they start talking like accountants.So in the course of my career,I have covered a series of failures.We sent economists in the Soviet Union with privatization plans when it broke up,and what they really lacked was social trust.We invaded Iraq with a military oblivious to the cultural and psychological realities.We had a financial regulatory regime based on the assumptions that traders were rational creatures who wouldn't do anything stupid. For30years,I've been covering school reform and we've basically reorganized the bureaucratic boxes—charters, private schools,vouchers—but we've had disappointing results year after year.And the fact is,people learn from people they love.And if you're not talking about the individual relationship between a teacher and a student,you're not talking about that reality.But that reality is expunged from our policy-making process.And so that's led to a question for me:Why are the most socially-attuned people on earth completely dehumanized when they think about policy?And I came to the conclusion,this is a symptom of a larger problem. That,for centuries,we've inherited a view of human nature based on the notion that were divided selves,that reason is separated from the emotions and that society progresses to the extent that reason can suppress the passions. And it's led to a view of human nature that were rational individuals who respond in straightforward ways to incentive,and its led to ways of seeing the world where people try to use the assumptions of physics to measure how human behavior is.And it's produced a great amputation,a shallow view of human nature.答案:Listening:Task1:1.a term to describe those who talk so much they drive themselves insane2.skills used to communicate with others.A socially skillful person can lock into you,look you in the eyeand invade your personal space.3.charters,private schools,vouchers4.experienced and world-wise,socially skillful5.a kind of state in which reason is separated from the emotionsTask2:1.F2.F3.T4.TUnit8GlobalizationListening:Both myself and my brother belong to the under30demographic,which Pat said makes70%,but according to our statistics it makes60%of the region's population.Qatar is no exception to the region.It's a very young nation led by young people.We have been reminiscing about the latest technologies and the iPods,and for me the abaya, my traditional dress that I'm wearing today.Now this is not a religious garment,nor is it a religious statement.Instead,its a diverse cultural statement that we choose to wear.Now I remember a few years ago,a journalist asked Dr.Sheikha,who's sitting here,president of Qatar University—who,by the way,is a woman—he asked her whether she thought the abaya hindered or infringed her freedom in any way.Her answer was quite the contrary.Instead,she felt more free,more free because she could wear whatever she wanted under the abaya.She could come to work in her pajamas and nobody would care.Not that you do;I'm just saying.My point is here,people have a choice—just like the Indian lady could wear her sari or the Japanese woman could wear her kimono.We are changing our culture from within,but at the same time we are reconnecting with。
英语听力50篇材料原文
英语听力50篇材料原文The English listening materials consist of 50 passages covering a wide range of topics and themes. These passages are designed to help learners improve their listeningskills and comprehension of the English language. Each passage is carefully crafted to provide a diverse set of vocabulary and grammar structures, as well as different accents and speaking styles to prepare learners for real-life communication.The materials are structured to cater to learners at different proficiency levels, from beginner to advanced. The passages are accompanied by comprehension questions and exercises to assess the learners' understanding of the content. This allows for a comprehensive learning experience that goes beyond just listening and includes critical thinking and analysis of the material.The topics covered in the passages are varied,including everyday conversations, news reports, academiclectures, and more. This diversity ensures that learners are exposed to different contexts and situations, preparing them for real-world interactions in English. Additionally, the materials are updated regularly to reflect current events and trends, ensuring that learners are exposed to relevant and up-to-date content.From a pedagogical perspective, the materials are designed to be engaging and interactive. The passages are carefully selected to cater to the interests and needs of learners, making the learning experience more enjoyable and effective. Additionally, the inclusion of comprehension questions and exercises encourages active participation and critical thinking, which are essential skills for language acquisition.Furthermore, the materials are designed to be flexible and adaptable to different learning environments. Whether learners are studying independently or in a classroom setting, the passages can be used as a valuable resourcefor improving listening skills. Teachers can incorporate the materials into their lesson plans to provide additionallistening practice, while learners can use the materialsfor self-study and review.Overall, the English listening materials provide a comprehensive and engaging resource for learners to improve their listening skills and comprehension of the English language. With a wide range of topics, diverse speaking styles, and interactive exercises, the materials offer a valuable tool for language acquisition and proficiency.。
学术英语听说(理科)unit1literature原文
LiteratureScript:Wondering how a writer creates a story that holds your curiosity throughout play or drama? Well, fiction is one of the types of literature that includes novels, prose, poems, short stories and dramas. Fiction is defined as a narrative that is based on imagination. A complete work involves how an author organizes his ideas, the points he covers. Has he used any techniques such as foreshadowing method (e.g. Shakespearean dramas like Hamlet, King Lear, Othello) to keep the interest of the reader or audience throughout the play? How does the poetic deviation method make Wordsworth's poem a melody? Yes, there are lots of factors that help decide the flow of the whole story. These factors are specific methods used in literary language. A successful fiction story may make a reader feel strongly identified with one of its interesting characters even in real life, too. Let's respond to the above questions with the help of the elements of fiction...Elements of FictionPlotThe story revolves around the plot. A plot contains incidents composed of many parts. The sequence begins with an exposition (background), blooms in the conflict (rising actions, between two forces, protagonist or antagonist), climax (peak of the story in the middle) and resolution (victory, defeat, sad ending or happy ending). Plato's concept of plot is based on place, time and manner.SettingThe actual place where the story takes place is the setting. Basically, the setting depends on the theme and choice of the places as the author's story may require such as a house, jungle, palace, or workplace. It can be different places according to the sequence of events in the plot.ThemeWhat the author wants to convey is the central idea of the story and is known as the “'theme”. Sometimes, the theme may be more than one. The main theme supports the subject and the moral of the narrative, which the reader indirectly comes across in a play. Love, revenge, historic, political, picturesque and allegory are some of the themes used in romantic poem such as Robert Burns' –“My Love is Like a Red, Red Rose” - has love as a theme.CharacterWriter presents his characters in two ways. Direct presentation follows in theatrical plays. Second way is an indirect presentation where the character's words, actions and feelings are shown in indirect way with the support of imagery and soliloquy. A narrative fiction will generally have round, flat, dynamic and static characters.Sometimes there are two opposite characters, such as protagonist and antagonist. Point of ViewThe story presents the point of view of the narrator. Who is the narrator of the story? Is it writer himself or the character introduces others in the story? The point of view can be presented in different forms:First-person point of view: I, me, we - like the author or a character within the story. Second-person point of view: You - that includes readers. This form is rarely used. Third-person point of view: He, she, it or imaginary (or omniscient figures, god-like persons, fairytale creatures.)There are some more types found that are objective, subjective and multiple-person narrative mode point of view.Language DictionLanguage diction refers to the choice of wording used by the author. Every culture, all over the world, has its own literature. An author can use simple, ornamental, foregrounding, rustic language, figures of speech or amalgams of various languages in the narrative. In poetry, rhyme, rhythm, tone (rising and falling), deviation and exaggeration methods are followed to form it into a melodic stanza.Audience or ReadersThe passive listener/audience (in a drama) or readers (in a novel, poem or short story) are important factors in a narration, as the entire story unfolds. The true success of an author's work can be considered the attention or influence or impact it leaves on a reader. In the same way, active participation of the audience indicates the success of author's play.Text B British Literature is GreatScript:Poets, playwrights and novelists, Britain is famous for its literary talent. From Chaucer’s Tales to J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter… so much of the world’s greatest literature has come from Britain.And the greatest British writer of them all is the Bard himself: William Shakespeare, and this is Shakespeare’s Globe in London, on the banks of the River Thames. William Shakespeare wrote some of the most famous plays in the world. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and Macbeth are among his best-known works. Many of his plays were performed at the original Globe Theatre, a short distance from here. It burnt down in 1613, during a performance of Henry VIII.Shakespeare’s Globe opened to the public fifteen years ago. It’s an idea or “best guess”at what the Globe might have looked like. It’s a theatre, exhibition space and place of international education. It aims to bring an appreciation of Shakespeare to awider audience.Dominic Dromgoole is the Globe's artistic director.Richard: Dominic, tell me about the Globe.Dominic: The Globe is a recreation of Shakespeare's theatre which was originally built in 1599 by Shakespeare's own company to house his own work and the work of many other playwrights. It's an extraordinary theatre. It has no roof, as you can see, which makes it extraordinary within itself. It has a curved auditorium and a beautiful frons scenae, and it's probably one of the most exciting theatres to watch a play in or to act in in the world.Richard: So what happens here?Dominic: We do about 300 performances every year, about 1,500 people attend every performance. We do a variety of plays by Shakespeare, by other contemporaries of Shakespeare, by... new plays as well, and an extraordinary audience comes from all over the world.Richard: Do you think Shakespeare is still relevant today?Dominic: More than ever. Shakespeare speaks to us about our own personal feelings, about love, about grief, about jealousy, about joy, about bereavement, about any of a huge number of things. I can hardly think of a contemporary writer who is as relevant as Shakespeare is.Do you know what? I’ve got a real feeling of what a theatre would have been like hundreds of years ago. It’s inspirational…“To be or not to be? That's the question”, isn't it?The British landscape has had a huge influence on generations of writers and has inspired them to produce some of their greatest works.The beauty of the Dorset countryside shines through Thomas Hardy's novels, and Wordsworth's poetry is clearly affected by his love of the Lake District.The landscape of the city has also influenced authors. The plight of the urban poor inspired one the giants of English literature, Charles Dickens.Charles Dickens was a great British novelist. He lived here, at 48 Doughty Street in London, and his old home has now been turned into a museum. I’m going to step back in time to see how Dickens might have lived.The Charles Dickens Museum has over 100,000 rare books, works of art and many personal items owned by Dickens himself. Some of his best-loved works, like Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby, were written here. Dickens was popular in his day, but his work has never gone out of print.Julia Ziemer works at the museum.Richard: Julia, tell me about the museum.Julia: So, the museum is based at 48 Doughty Street in London. It's where Dickens lived for 2 years with his young family and where he wrote Oliver Twist, The Pickwick Papers and Nicholas Nickleby.Richard: What are your most important pieces?Julia: We have original manuscript material from Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby. We have the desk that Dickens wrote on for his final novel and the painting by R.W. Buss called Dickens's Dream.Richard: Dickens led a very hard life. Do you think that influenced his writing? Julia: Absolutely. Dickens was sent to work in a factory when he was just 10 years old, and that experience stayed with him for the rest of his life. If you look at his novels, lots of characters are young children working in horrible conditions. Richard: Why was he such an important figure?Julia: Dickens was a unique writer in his time in that he was very popular with the working classes but also respected by the literature community and read by the higher classes.Richard: He was born 200 years ago. Do you think he's still relevant today?Julia: Definitely. 200 years on, the things that Dickens was writing about - social inequality, poverty - are still very relevant today.This is the last desk that Dickens ever wrote at and I can’t wait to have a read of these. Dickens’ work seems to be able to cross the centuries, but he’s not alone. Other British novelists from the past are still popular today.Part IV HomeworkSection A Listening Task.Exercise: Spot DictationDirection: Listen to the passage about John Steinbeck and fill in the blanks with what you hear.John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California, in 1902. His parents were active in the community and encouraged his love of reading and writing. During the summertime, the young Steinbeck worked on nearby ranches as a hired hand, giving him a (1) deep appreciation for the countryside of California and the people who lived there.After his graduation from high school, Steinbeck attended Stanford University, where he started out as an English major. He then began to pursue (2) independent study programs, and attended school sporadically while working a variety of different jobs. Steinbeck permanently left Stanford in 1925 with the idea of pursuing (3)his formal writing career in New York City. However, he was unable to get anything published, so he returned to California, where he published his first novel, titled A Cup of Gold.Although his first book attracted very little attention from (4) critics and the public, but Steinbeck continued his pursuit, publishing two more novels, To a God Unknown and The Pastures of Heaven. Both of these books were also (5) received poorly by the world of literature, but undaunted, Steinbeck continued writing. He married Carol Henning, his first wife, in 1930 and they made their home in Pacific Grove. It was there that Steinbeck gathered much of the material he used in writing Tortilla Flat and Cannery Row. Both of these books (6) marked aturning point in the career of Steinbeck, with Tortilla Flat receiving the California Commonwealth Club’s Gold Medal honoring the best novel by an author in California. With his (7) long-awaited recognition as encouragement, Steinbeck wrote his seminal The Grapes of Wrath, for which he won the Pulitzer Prize. He continued to write prolifically, and in 1962 he was awarded the (8) Nobel Prize for Literature.Today, 17 miles from Monterey, a (9) scenic drive will take you to the John Steinbeck Center, located in the heart of Steinbeck’s stomping grounds in historic old town Salinas. The Center provides visitors with three experiences in history and literature, (10) art and agriculture, and special events and (11) educational programs. The John Steinbeck Exhibition Hall offers visitors an assortment of multisensory (12) interactive exhibits for all ages. The hall also contains rare artifacts as well as seven theaters showcasing some of Steinbeck’s most noted works, including East of Eden, Of Mice and Men, Cannery Row, and The Grapes of Wrath.The Rabobank Agriculture Museum gives visitors the chance to explore the tales of the Salinas Valley, which has long been considered (13) "the Salad Bowl of the World." This permanent exhibit (14) pays homage to the people, history, and technology of the agricultural industry developed through decades of farming on California’s Central Coast. (15) Multiple gallery areas offer changing art works and cultural exhibits, supporting the ideas Steinbeck wrote about. His works routinely focused on championing the disenfranchised and forgotten people of small farming communities, while affirming the (16) underlying strength of the human spirit.。
学术综合英语听力原文
学术综合英语听力原文听力文章内容:In today's class, we will be discussing academic integrated listening, which is an important part of language proficiency. Academic integrated listening refers to the ability to understand and analyze a variety of academic materials and courses through language, including the language used in academic papers, conferences, and other related activities.When it comes to academic integrated listening, the ability to understand the language used in different academic fields is particularly important. For example, the language used in the field of science is different from that used in the field of humanities. Therefore, it is essential to have a good knowledge of language in order to understand and analyze academic materials effectively.In addition to language proficiency, academic integrated listening also requires good cognitive and analytical skills. You need to be able to quickly identify important information, distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information, and apply the knowledge gained to analyze and solve problems.To improve your academic integrated listening ability, you can read academic papers in English and take notes on the main points. You can also listen to English-speaking radio programs or podcasts related to yourfield of interest, which will help you familiarize yourself with the language used in different academic fields. In addition, you can attend academic conferences and other related events to improve your ability to understand and analyze academic materials.Finally, remember that improving your academic integrated listening ability requires time and effort. It is not a process that can be completed overnight, but with regular practice and attention, you can achieve significant improvement in your language proficiency and cognitive skills.。
学术英语视听说原文
学术英语视听说原文学术英语视听说原文:Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Today, I would like to present my research on the impact of climate change on biodiversity. Climate change is a pressing global issue, and its effects on biodiversity have become a topic of significant concern for scientists worldwide. In this presentation, I will discuss the current understanding of the relationship between climate change and biodiversity, as well as some potential solutions to mitigate its negative effects.Firstly, let's examine the impact of climate change on species distribution. As temperatures and weather patterns change, many species are forced to adapt or migrate to new habitats. This can lead to a disruption in ecosystems, as some species may struggle to find suitable environments or resources. For example, certain animal populations, such as polar bears, are at risk of extinction due to the melting of polar ice caps caused by global warming. Additionally, plants and insects that rely on specific temperature ranges for reproduction and survival may also be adversely affected. Understanding these shifts in species distribution is crucial for predicting and managing potential biodiversity loss. Secondly, climate change can have a significant impact on species interactions and ecological dynamics. Many species have mutually beneficial relationships, such as pollinators and plants. However, if the timing of flowering and pollinator activity is altered due to changing climate conditions, this intricate web of interactions can be disrupted. For instance, if plants flower earlier than usual,pollinators may not be ready to pollinate them, leading to reduced reproductive success. Such disturbances in species interactions can have cascading effects throughout ecosystems, affecting the overall stability and functioning of ecosystems.Thirdly, let's discuss the potential solutions for mitigating the negative effects of climate change on biodiversity. One approach is the conservation of natural habitats. By protecting and restoring ecosystems, we can provide refuge for species to adapt and survive in the face of changing climate conditions. This includes creating and maintaining protected areas, implementing sustainable land management practices, and reducing habitat fragmentation.Another strategy is promoting genetic diversity within species. Genetic diversity is important for the adaptation and resilience of populations to changing environments. By conserving diverse gene pools within species, we can increase their chances of survival and successful adaptation to climate change.Additionally, international collaboration and policy interventions are crucial for addressing climate change and its impact on biodiversity. Governments and institutions need to work together to develop and implement policies that prioritize sustainability and climate change mitigation. This includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting renewable energy sources, and supporting research efforts on climate change and biodiversity.In conclusion, climate change poses a significant threat to biodiversity. Understanding the impact of climate change on species distribution, species interactions, and ecological dynamicsis essential for developing effective conservation strategies. By conserving habitats, promoting genetic diversity, and implementing policy interventions, we can help mitigate the negative effects of climate change on biodiversity and ensure the long-term survival of Earth's ecosystems. Thank you for your attention.【参考内容】Title: The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity Introduction:- Climate change is a pressing global issue.- Scientists worldwide are concerned about its effects on biodiversity.Main Points:1. Impact of climate change on species distribution:- Changing temperatures and weather patterns force species to adapt or migrate.- Disruption of ecosystems.- Examples: polar bears at risk of extinction.2. Impact of climate change on species interactions and ecological dynamics:- Mutually beneficial relationships between species can be disrupted.- Altered timing of flowering and pollinator activity.- Cascading effects throughout ecosystems.3. Solutions to mitigate the negative effects of climate change onbiodiversity:- Conservation of natural habitats.- Promotion of genetic diversity within species.- International collaboration and policy interventions. Conclusion:- Climate change poses a threat to biodiversity.- Understanding the impact is crucial for effective conservation strategies.- Conserving habitats, promoting genetic diversity, and implementing policy interventions can help mitigate the negative effects.。
学术综合英语unit3
DoTrffic Tickets Sve Lives?Study Shows Trffic Tickets CouldSve Drivers ’ LivesL ee Dye Pity the poor trffic cop. He ’s the lst guy you wnt to see in your rerview mirror when you ’ re speeding down the highwy. Why isn’t he out looking for murderers insted of niling drivers for minor infrctions of the lw?交通罚单能救命吗?研究显示交通罚单能救司机的命李·戴哎,这可怜的交警。
他是你在高速公路上飞奔时最不情愿在后视镜里看见的人。
他为什么不去抓那些杀人犯,却在这儿为了一点儿芝麻大的交通违规对司机们穷追不舍?Well, ccordingto mjor reserch project by scientists in CndndCliforni, tht copjustmight be sving your life. Or the life of someone else.然而,根据加拿大和加利福尼亚科学家们的一项重要研究,那位 JC 也许恰恰是在救你的命,或者救别的什么人的命。
The reserchers hve found tht trffic ticket reduces driver’s chnce of beinginvolved in ftl ccident by whopping 35 percent, t lest for few weeks. The effect doesn’t lst long, however. Within three tofour months, the ledfoot is bck on the pedlnd the risk of killing yourself or someone else is bck up to where it ws before tht copstred you in the eye nd wrote out tht expensive cittion.研究者们发现一张交通罚单能让司机至少在几周内遭遇重大车祸的概率降低 35% 。
学术英语视听说1听力原文
Unit 1 ■Warm Up■Listening Task 1 First Listening Answers Second Listening ScriptThe neighborhood children my age played together: either active, physical games outdoors or games of dolls-and-house indoors. I, on the other hand, spent much of my childhood alone. I would curl up in a chair reading fairytales and myths, daydreaming, writing poems or stories and drawing pictures. Sometime around the fourth grade, my “big”(often critical, judgmental) Grandma, who would been visiting us said to me, “What is wrong with you! Why don’t the other children want to play with you?” I remember being startled and confused by her question. I would never been particularly interested in playing with the other children. It had not, till then, occurred to me that that was either odd or something wrong with me. Nor had it occurred to me that they did not “ want to play with” me. My first conscious memory of feeling different was in the fourth grade. At the wardrobe, listening to classmates joking, chattering and laughing with each other, I realized I had not a clue about what was so funny or of how to participate in their easy chatter. They seemed to live in a universe about which I knew nothing at all. I tried to act like others but it was so difficult. I felt confused and disoriented. I turned back to my inner world: reading books, writing and daydreaming. My inwardness grew me in ways that continued to move me further away from the world of my age peers. The easy flow of casual social chat has remained forever beyond my reach and beyond my interest, too.Unit 2 Personality■Warm Up■Listening Task 1 ScriptEverybody cheats. Whether it's the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes himthe long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn't give the correct change, or the police officer who accepts a bride - everybody's at it. Cheats in the news include the scientist whose research was based on fake data, the game show contestant who collaborated with a friend in the audience to win a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn't really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats; nobody's playing the game.Is cheating acceptable, a natural way of surviving and being successful? Or is it something that should be frowned on, and young people discouraged from doing? If it's the latter, how can we explain to children why so many bend the rules?Take sport for example. The pinnacle way of football, the World Cup, was rife with cheating,. Whether pretending to be hurt or denying a handball, footballers will do anything for a free-kick or a penalty shot. French player Henry—■Real World Listening ScriptMr.Washington: George, are you sure you had nothing to do with chopping downthe cherry tree?George: I don't clearly recall chopping this tree down. Mr.Washington:Isn’t this your axGeorge:That appears to be very si e? milar to my axe.Mr.Washington: But your axe is right here, and the tree is freshly cut, and you are the only person around. Mrs.Washington:Oh,just drop it, and it’s only a tree.Mr.Washington: But it’s not the tree. We really need to find out if he’s being ho nestwith us. I won’t put up with lying, and he shouldn’t get you tocover up for him.George:I’m going to say this one more time: I didn’t chop down that tree—thecherry tree—and I did not ask anyone to lie. Not one time.Never!Mr.Washington: George, there’s no fresh-cut firewood around, but your hair andclothing are full of wood chips, and the chips look like cherrywood to me. How do you explain that? George:Well, it’s possiblethat I might have swung the axe in an inappropriate manner whichmight have resulted in some harm to the tree, but at the momentyou asked me, I was thinking of w hat “chop” means and myaction didn't meet my definition of“chopping”, so I didn’t lie. Mrs.Washington: This is not really worth all the fuss. Even if he did it, it’s only a tree, Let’s forget it and enjoy this lovely afternoon. George: Thank you,Mom.We have stately oak tree on the front lawn. Can I try my axe again there?Unit 3 Lifestyle■Warm Up■Listening Task 1 Script:When she has young children, a stay-at-home mom has two jobs. Her house and her kids. A stay-at-home mom is expected to do all the house cleaning. She is expected to always be the one to get up in the middle of the night, do the schoolthings---room-mother, baker, coordinator, chauffeur and carpooler, etc. Often, astay-at-home mom is expected to take over “daddy-type” chores such aslawn-mowing and taking cars for repair. Imagine sitting in a repair shop with twosquirmy toddlers! The worse thing is that the stay-at-home mom is made to feel guilty for saying “no”. The reason the stay-at-home mom does not get her nails done or have a spa day is she feels guilty for spending family money on herself.Gosh, you all have such hectic lives. I’m dizzy just hearing your daily activities. I guess I have it nice. I have no schedule at all! I get up when I want. I work my business when I want. I shop when I want to. I wash my hair when I bathe or I don’t wash my hair. When I go to work all I have to do is open up my office door in my house and I’m at work already. No traffic to deal with and there can be 10 feet of snow on the ground and I wouldn’t have to walk an inch of it because my house connects directly to my warehouse! If I get u p and don’t feel like working I don’t.■Listening Task 2 ScriptI took my first drink and smoked my first marijuana cigarette when I was 12 years old .In high school, I used all kinds of drugs. After high school until I was 21, I did a lot binge drinking .When I was 31, I started using crack cocaine. That’s when the real problems began.I was addicted to alcohol and cocaine, and my life was a wreck. I tried to quit a number of times. I moved to Mexico and gave up cocaine. I still drank and smoked marijuana, but for the time I lived there, I was off cocaine. I thought that time off cocaine would completely cure me of any desire for it, but when I got back in town two years later, I started using it again only five days later. Every part of my life was messed up. I remember my oldest son being embarrassed to be seen with me .He would pass me on the street with his friends but he wouldn’t even speak to me. Thebottom came for me when I was finally evicted from my apartment. I lost my car my car, my home and my sons. I looked in the mirror that day, and I couldn’t look myself in the eyes. The next morning, I showed up at the treatment center. The first few days of detox and treatment were hard, but I was convinced that I needed help, so I stayed. I’ve b een clean now for five years, and I have a new life .■Real World Listening ScriptReporter: Are you treated differently in the workplace as a woman?Nancy: Between changing gender and becoming a blonde, I’ve lost 20 IQ points in the public’s eyes. Use to your advantage though, I’m not pretty enough to do it very well. It is a challenge. I kind of broke through the glass ceiling from the wrong direction.Reporter: Switching from slacks to pantyhose cannot be easy, even if you hate slacks.Nancy: To tell the truth, it took a lot of time for me to get comfortable with your new self, your new presentation, learning how to deal with society. Women spend their whole lives knowing what makeup works well for them, what clothing works on them.For peo ple like me ,it takes a while to do.I am tall,when I walk into a room,it’s like someone from the NBA showed up.Trying to find clothing that fits me is just not that easy.Reporter: How do the people you work with, the ones who knew you as Neil, consider you now?Nancy:The response for me was really positive. we all joked about wearingpantyhose, whether “my condition” was contagious ,those sorts of things .But when all was said and done and the dust settled, everyone got back to work .Now if you were to talk with anyone who works with me, they’d say,“what’s the issue? She’s just Nancy.”The whole transgender thing is well behind us.Unit 4 Family■Warm Up■Listening Task 1The traditional American family is a "nuclear family”. A nuclear family refers to a husband and wife and their children. The average American family today has two or three children.In some cultures, people live close to their extended family. several generations may even live together. In America,only in a few cases does more than one household live under one roof.American values are valued in the home. Many homes are run like a democracy. Each family member can have a say. A sense of equality often exists in American homes. Husbands and wives often share household chores. Often parents give children freedom to make their own decisions.Preschoolers choose what clothes to wear which toys to buy.Young adults generally make their own choices about what career to pursue and whom to marry.Families in America, like those in every culture, face many problems. Social pressures are breaking apart more and more American homes. Over half of US marriages now end in divorce. More than one in four American children are growing up in single-parent homes. As a result, many people believe the American family is in trouble.Even so, there is still reason for hope, many organizations are working hard tostrengthen families. American almost unanimously believe that the family is one of the most important parts of life. They realize that problems in family life in recent years have brought serious consequences. As a result, more and more people are making their family a priority. Many women are quitting their jobs to stay home with their children.Families are going on vacations and outings together.Husbands and wives are making a concentrated effort to keep their family solid.The United Nations has declared 1994 the "International year of family".not just in America,but all over the world,people recognize the importance of a strong family bond.Unit 5 Health and Diet Warm Up Script/Answers Listening Task 1 ScriptI had just turned 40,and had spent most of my adult life working as a public relations consultant with little time to cook, let alone learn how to cook . But a few years ago I made a resolution to start writing down the recipes I had grown up with and posting them to my website .I come from a big family –six kids-and thought what a terrific family project to document our family recipes !both my father and mother are excellent home cooks ,mom raises us all ,and dad loves to eat well and enjoy the experimentation of trying out new recipes .I am spending a lot of time with my parents lately ;we cook a meal and then over dinner discuss the finer points of the proper way to proper way to prepare the dishes ,and whether or not a new recipe was worth the effort .Many of the recipes are family recipes, and many of them are those that we pick from cookbooks, magazines, and newspaper clippings we have collected over30years .but sometimes it is hard when you only a clipping. The recipes shown here use mostly whole food ingredients and only occasionally a few things, from cans or prepared foods .we believe in a varied , healthy diet ,using real butter ,real cream, eggs ,and protein from meat, fish, and cheese.About me, my name is Alice Bauer and I am a partner in a consulting firm in the san Francisco bay area. I maintain several weblogs in addition to Simply Recipes as part ofThanks so much for visiting Simply Recipes!■Listening Task 2 Real World Listening ScriptGrace: Welcome to “Let’s Get into Shape”! I’m your host, Grace Stockdale. Today our program is about 10-minute workout to keep fit. Today we have gabby Collins here to share her experience of fitness and answer listeners’ questions o n physical exercise. Thanks for joining us, gabby.Gabby: hi there! I’m very happy to share some time with you.Grace: so gabby, as I know, your two ten-minute workouts- which target arms, stomach and legs—are a quick and simple way to get into shape.Gabby: right, regardless of your level of fitness , they help you to lose weight and to be vigorous enough to engage in daily routines and to handle various stresses. You know, obesity raises the possibility of developing diseases.Grace: absolutely! Exercise keeps you fit and healthy. And here comes the first call for questions.Listener 1: hello , gabby ,running is not my thing, so where should I start ?Gabby: if you’ve never been a runner, start by walking quickly for a minute and then alternate by jogging for a minute. Do this four minutes. If you are starting with a good level of fitness, jog for a minute and sprint for the other minute. Again do this for four minutes.Listener I : thank you ,gabby.Listener 2: hello, gabby. Each time after the exercise, I always feel stiff and sometime my muscles pull ,and it’s hard to start my next workout.Gabby: after any exercise you should stretch the muscles you have used the most. Stretching makes you feel more flexible.Listener 2: I see. I need some cool-down exercises.Gabby: sure. Let’s take an arm stretch as an example. Sitting cross-legged, raise your left arm and place your hand between your shoulder blades as if trying to reach your bottom. Now ,take your right hand reaching across the front of your chest and push the elbow of the left arm to increase the stretch. Hold for ten seconds and repeat on the other side.Listener 3: hello, gabby. How often should I do these exercise?Gabby: hum, it depends. My two workouts aim to do at least three sessions a week. Listener 3: hello, gabby. I …Review Units 1-5 Script Part 1 Part2 1. Sometime around the fourth grade, my ‘big’(often critical,judegmental) Grandma,who’d been visiting us said to me,” What’s wrong with you!Why don’t the other children want to play with y ou?” I remember being startled and confused by her question.I’d never been particularly interested in playing with the other children.Ithadn’t ,till then, occurred to me that that was either odd or something wrong with me. Nor had it occurred to me that t hey didn’t “want to play with “me. 2.Everybody cheats. Whether it’s the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes them the long way around, or the shop assistant who does not give the correct change, or police officer who accepts a bribe ----everybo dy’s at it. Cheats in the news include the scientist whose research was based on fake date, the game show contestant who cooperated with friend in the audience to with a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn’t rea lly a doctor at all. Everybody cheats;nob ody’s playing the game. 3. Every part of my life was messed up.I remember my oldest son being embarrassed to be seen with me. He would pass me on the street with friends but he wouldn’t even speak to me. The b ottom came for me when I was finally evicted from my apartment. I lost my car, my home and my son. I looked in the mirror that day, and I couldn’t look myself in the eyes. The next morning, I showed up at the treatment center.4.Many organizations are working hard to strengthen families.Americans almost unanimously believe that the family is one of the most important parts of life.They realize that problems in family in recent years have brought serious consequences. As a reselt,more and more people are making their family a priority.Many women are quitting their jobs to stay home with their children. Families are going on vacations and outings together. Husbands and wives are making a concentrated effort to keep their marriages solid.5.Many of the recipes are family recipes, and many of them are those that we pickfrom cookbooks,magazines,and newspaper it’s hard when you only have a clipping.The recipes shown here use mostly whole food ingredients and only occasionally a few things from cans or prepared foods. We believe in a varied, healthy diet, using real butter, real cream,eggs,and protein from meat,fish,and cheese. Part 3 1.Melanie: Your story of identity theft is quite scary. What happened?Nick: One day early in the morning, I was awakened by a loud knock. When I opened the door, five policemen were standing there telling me to go to jail.I asked why and they said that I was wanted for bank fraud. I said “I neverdid that!”and they said“that’s something we’ve never heard before…tell itto the judge.”Melanie: Did you really have to spend time in jail? Nick: Yes, I certainly did.2.Mr.Washington:We’re not finished yet.Now I’m going to ask you directly. Didyou chop down the cherry tree?George: Well, it’s possible that I might have swung the axe in an inappropriate manner which might have resulted in some harm to the tree, but at the moment you asked me, I was thinking of what “chop” means and my action didn’t meet my definition of “chopping’, so I didn’t lie.Mrs. Washington:this is not really worth all the fuss. Even if he did it, it’s only a tree. Let’s forget it and enjoy this lovely afternoon.3. Reporter: how do the people you work with, the ones who knew you as Neil,consider you now?Nancy: the response for me was really positive. We all joked about wearingpantyhose, whether “my condition” was contagious, those sorts of things. But when all was said and done and the dust settled, everyone got back to work. Now if you were to talk with anyone who works with me, they’d say, “what the issue? She’s just Nancy”, the whole transgender thing is well behind us.4. Mrs. White: what do you think is the most sensible choice for a woman in this newcentury? Should she return to being a house wife or combine career andfamily?Daisy: I think it is rewarding for a woman to have her own career or something else to do outside the home. Nowadays, many women are highly educated and they have enormous earning potential.Mrs. White:I think “being a full-time housewife” is a wise choice in this competitive world.5. Grace: So Gabby, as I know, your two ten-minute workouts – which target arms,stomach and legs—are a quick and simple way to get into shape. Grabby: Right, regardless of your level of fitness, they help you to lose weight and to be vigorous enough to engage in daily routines and to handle various stresses. You Know, obesity raises the possibility of developing disease.Grace: absolutely! Exercise keeps you fit and healthy. And here comes the first call for questions.。
学术综合英语听力原文完整版
Unit 1 Presenting a SpeechRoad BuildingGood morning, everyone. Today I'l l be talking about the relationship between r oa d building and the development of the American economy during the 18th century. About 300 years ago, the United States' economy was growing rapidly, mainly because of a booming trade in two important agricultural products: grain and cotton.Grain output in the eastern part of America increased quickly at that time due to the rapidly growing population and the large number of immigrants from Europe. As a result, the demand for grain almost doubled. For this reason, the trade in grain first developed in this part of the country. At the same time, the road system was gradually built up in order to transport the grain from the rural areas to various cities. The road building clearly helped develop the economy quickly in these areas and in the cities as well.During the same period, farmers in the South could get a large amount of laborers from Africa, and they started to grow cotton. As the cotton output increased, the farmers needed to sell it in other places. As a result, many roads were built to link the rural areas to the cities.At first, this trade of grain and cotton took place along the coast, or near rivers and lakes. It took place there because it was easy and cheap to transport goods from one place to another. Before 1700, it was very expensive to move the goods by road. So, farmers had to rely mainly on rivers to move their crops to markets.At that time, there was only one continuous road that existed in the US. It ran from north to south along country roads, which were linked together to make one long road. Within a short time, the first east-to-west roads were built. They were called turnpikes. Private companies built these roads and collected fees from all vehicles that traveled on them.Eventually, because of the booming trade of grain and cotton, a network of roadways was completed that connected some major cities and towns. Although traveling was still costly for farmers, they soon preferred to move their crops to cities and other areas on roadways rather than by boat because it was faster and more convenient.So here we can see a rather clear picture of road building in the United States and its impact on economic development during that period.The Mississippi River in AmericaGood afternoon. Today we’re going to talk about the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River is the largest river of the North America. Its major tributaries drain an area of approximately 3,000,000 square kilometers, or about one-eighth of the entire continent. The Mississippi River lies entirely in the United States. From its source at Lake Itasca in Minnesota, it flows from the North almost due south across the continental interior, collecting the waters of its major tributaries, down to the Gulf of Mexico.TheMighty Mississippi, as it is affectionately known, flows a total distance about 4,000 kilometers from its source. With its tributaries, the Mississippi drains all or part of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces.As everyone knows, in the past the river was the most important way of transporting goods from the North to the South, or from the South to the North in the United States.The Mississippi River is also a river that can sometimes get out of control and cause serious flooding in summer. Nowadays engineers use four different methods to control the floodwaters of the river. These four ways are: flood ways,dams, levees and reservoirs. I'll discuss each of these here.Floodways are the first way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River. Floodways are empty channels ready to hold water from the river. When the Mississippi River is too high, the floodways are opened and some of the water can flow into the floodways. There are several floodways along the lower Mississippi River, which help prevent flooding effectively.The second way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River is with dams. Dams are walls that are built across a river to control the water. There are more than 30 dams on the Mississippi River. Dams control the water by holding the water behind them until a decision is made to release it.Levees are a third way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River. Levees are earthen walls built alongside a river. They hold the water in the river and keep it from covering the land beside the river. There are more than 2,000 miles of levees along the Mississippi River.In the 19th and 20th centuries, several reservoirs were built along the Mississippi River to harness the water. They have two functions. One is to hold water, and the other is to generate electricity through hydroelectric power stations. Since the 20th century, no huge flood has broken out of the Mississippi River.Unit 2 Energy ConservationAn Eyewitness to Changes in China(Y: Yang Rui, anchor of Dialogue, CCTV-9R: Sidney Rittenberg, president of Rittenberg Associates, Incorporated. )Y: Mr. Rittenberg, you are a successful businessman and also a big name to the Chinese due to your close association with the first generation of the PRC leaders. How do you look at the impact that that experience has had on your current perception of China's reform and development?R: I feel in my heart that what I’m doing today is a continuation of what I was tr ying to do in the that is, I had this ambition, this dream, from the time that I began studying Chinese at Stanford University in 1943,I had this dream of working to build bridges between Chinese people and American people, and to help them understand each other and cooperate together. And I tried to do that in the past, working in China in Mao’sday. And that's exactly what I'm trying to do today. I really think that what I'm doing today is more effective than what I was able to do in the past.Y: At that time many foreigners came to China, but you were among the very few who got close to the Communist Party of China.R: You know, it’s quite obvious to me that the only reason that the Communist Party of China was able to win in the final stages of the Civil War is because of their extremely close relations with the people. The Chinese people that came to know them, trusted them and considered them their representatives. This small peasant army led by Mao Zedong had no tanks, no big guns, no planes, and was greatly outnumbered by the opposition, which was the most powerful armed force in Asia after the Second World War. And yet in only three and a half years, the Nationalists were completely defeated and driven off to the island province of Taiwan. Why? Because the ties that the Communists had with the Chines e people were unbreakable. They had their trust.They had their confidence and support. And that was something that the Nationalists were not able to get.You know, the Revolutionary Army was a poor army, even in terms of the food they got. The soldiers had grass sandals that they made themselves along the march. But what made them do it? The fact that they had a vision. They believed that they were fighting for their land, for their family to have their own farmland, and for a fair government that would listen to the people and do what they needed. So this is the only explanation I can think of for why they were able to win.Y: In the Long March you just talked about, the Communist army had to overcome extreme difficulties. But in the new Long March of modernization today, we are also facing difficulties, though very different. What’s your view of this new Long March? R: I agree with calling this a new Long March, only the barriers are very different. Those barriers were certainly very grim and threatening. Some of these barriers look very good and inviting but actually they are not. I mean, in the days before and during the Long March, the leaders had the task of studying the Chinese reality and getting everybody that they could influence to study reality and from it to derive a set of policies, practical strategies to guide everybody. So people had a shared vision and dream. They were motivated by this common dream to work together. And I think, during the current Long March of modernization, China would need to do the same thing, to gradually study Chinese reality and develop a set of strategies, a common vision and a set of values that most people will share. And then you'll find that you don't have a problem of disconnection between the central government and local governments, or a problem of a big gap between city and country life.Y: Still, people are wondering in this country why we were able to live with poverty but have problems living with the new wealth.R: Again it’s the lack of a practical, down-to-earth, realistic vision that everyone shares, in my opinion. I remember after the “Great Leap Forward” when there was a famine, many, many people in Beijing, including government workers, professors in schools, their faces were swol len because people weren’t getting enough food. But nobody admitted that it was because of malnutrition. No one said, “It’s because we don’t have enough food.” You know, I personally don’t think that, for most people, they wer emotivated just for a distant future dream of Communism. It was because of what the new government had actually already done for the people: workers got their eight hoursa day, farmers got their own land for the first time, the public health campaigns, etc.These things raised the standards of living, especially during the first five or six years from 1949 to 1955. Tremendous social changes made people feel, "This is my government, they represent my interests, they bring me real benefits.”Y: What lessons do you think we should draw from the Cultural Revolution?R: Well, I think the Cultural Revolution pointed out one fact, which actually was articulated by Deng Xiaoping in his interview after the Cultural Revolution with an American correspondent. He said that any government that doesn’t succeed in making life better for most people in China year by year is not going to succeed. And I think that was the lesson that was taught: it’s not enough just to have growth of the economy, you’ve got to make people fe el that you represent their interests and you are working for them.Y: Besides making people’s life better, there is another core idea of Deng Xiaoping’s theory, that is, the emancipation of people’s mind.R: I think the emancipation of the followed the Cultural Revolution is equally important to the development of the market economy in China today. But compared to the economic reform, I think the emancipation of the mind hasn’t gone far enough. There’s still the shadow of the old feudalistic habits of governments and individuals in their thinking and in their relationships. When I say a common vision, I don't mean a political code that everyone recites. I mean a feeling that we are working together to build a common society that’s more or less represented b y the eight lines that were raised by President Hu Jintao, the moral code.Talk with “Harry Potter” –Daniel Radcliffe Answers Questions formFansQ: How does it feel to work with the same group of actors and actresses again?A: It always feels good working with Emma, Rupert, Tom and Matthew. We have become very good friends and as this is now the third film we have made together our relationships just get stronger.Q: Are you going to work on any more Harry Potter films?A: At the moment I am working on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and I will certainly make Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. After that? Who knows?Q:I really want to know how you manage to do everything you do.A: I manage to fit in a lot of things thanks to the brilliant organization on the film set, by my tutors who receive a lot of support from my school, and also because I have great friends who I see regularly. I can keep up to date with everything that is going on at my old school via e-mail or text messaging.Q: Rupert seems to do other movies besides Harry Potter. I wonder if you or Emma has plans to do other movies besides Harry Potter?A: As I film practically every day on the movie, it is pretty impossible to fit in other filmsbetween times. However, last year I was a ble to appear as the “surprise guest” in The Play That I Wrote in the West End directed by Kenneth Branagh. It was great fun and the first time I had been on stage!Q: Have you found that people treat you and your new-found celebrity differently in foreign countries?A: I am always completely overwhelmed by the reception I receive when I visit different countries. People are always extremely kind, warm and generous and I feel very privileged to have visited so many countries and seen some of the most amazing sights in the world.Q: How does working with the new director (Alfonso Cuaron) compare with your experience with Chris Columbus?A: First of all, I consider myself very lucky to have worked with two great directors on these films. Chris is, without doubt, the most energetic director I have ever met. He was amazing in keeping us motivated and in encouraging us every step of the way. Alfonso on the other hand directs in a more intense way. The scenes in this film are some of the most passionate and emotion al I have ever worked on, and Alfonso’s style has been very helpful to me.Q: Have you ever felt like you wanted to go back to your normal life, instead of being famous?A: As far as I am concerned I am a normal person. I go back to school when I am not filming, I go out with my friends, I go to the cinema —all the normal things that teenagers do. There is an assumption that I cannot leave my house without being hounded — that is not the case. I am able to do many more things than people think I can.Q: What did it feel like to talk to Dobby the computerized house elf? Is it hard to remember your lines?A: I loved doing the Dobby scenes. I talked to an orange ball at the end of a stick. It was very detailed work because as he bounced around I had to ensure that my eyeline was in exactly the right position. It was demanding, but when I saw the end result I was really pleased.Q: What are your favorite things to do during your time off?A: I am absolutely obsessed with film and music. I am learning the bass guitar and it goes everywhere with me. Also, I have a portable DVD player, which travels with me with a large supply of films. These two things occupy most of my spare time.Q: Are you a football (soccer) fan? If so, of what team?A: I don’t really play foot ball but I support Fulham as I live very close to the ground.Unit 3 TrafficDriving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk21:44:27 EDT June 29, 2006Thursday, June 29 —Maneuvering through traffic while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk, U.S. researchers report.That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device, the researchers noted.“As a society, we have agr eed on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk driving,” said researcher Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah. “This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk — cell phones actually are a higher risk,” he said.His team’s report appears in the summer issue of the journal Human Factors.In the study, 40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course, using a driving simulator. Some people drove while talking on a cell phone, others navigated while drunk (meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 percent), and others drove with no such distractions or impairments.“We found an increased accident rate when peopl e were conversing on the cell phone,” Drews said. Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident than non-distracted drivers, the researchers found.The phone users fared even worse than the inebriated, the Utah team found. There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones — all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car. In contrast, there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk, or the sober, cell-phone-free group.The bottom line: Cell-phone use was linked to “a significant increase in the accident rate," Drews said.He said there was a difference between the behaviors of drunk drivers and those who were talking on the phone. Drunk drivers tended to be aggressive, while those talking on the phone were more sluggish, Drews said.In addition, the researchers found talking on the cell phone reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking up speed after braking. "This is significant, because it has an impac t on traffic as a system,” Drews said. “If we have drivers who are taking a lot of time in accelerating once having slowed down, the overall flow of traffic is dramatically reduced,” he said.In response to safety concerns, some states have outlawed the use of hand-held cell phones while driving. But that type of legislation may not be effective, because the Utah researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands- free model.Quake Kills at Least 300 on Indonesian IslandVice President Says up to 2,000 Could Be Dead(CNN) —A major earthquake struck off the west coast of Indonesia late Monday killing hundreds, but fears of another tsunami like those that devastated the region in late December have faded.On Indonesia’s Nias Island at least 300 people died and hundreds more were reported injured ortrapped, said government spokesman Agus Mendrova.But international news agencies are reporting that between 1,000 and 2,000 people may have been killed on Nias Island.It is predicted and it’s still a rough estimate — that the number of the victims of dead may be between 1,000 and 2,000," Vice President Jusuf Kalla told the el-Shinta radio station, according to The Associated Press.Between 500 and 1,000 homes were destroyed, and the island’s public market was ablaze, Mendrova said.Between 10,000 and 15,000 people ran to hilltops for safety in case of a tsunami, Mendrova said. Many of the doctors and nurses who normally would staff the hospital fled to higher ground.“We have not heard of any tsunami hitting anywhere,” Jan Egeland, the U.N. emergency relief coordinator, told CNN from New York nearly six hours after the temblor struck.Still, Egeland said, the earthquake itself was responsible for casualties on islands close to the epicenter.Dozens of aid officials met overnight in Sumatra to plan a course of action after daylight breaks in the region, Egeland said.There was a report of heavy damage on Simeulue Island in Indonesia, said Bernd Schell, headof tsunami operations for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.Speaking from southern Aceh, Schell said “heavy, heavy shaking” lasted about three minutes.Based on the size of the earthquake, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration initially urged residents within 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) of the epicenter to evacuate coastal regions.But no tsunamis were reported along Indonesia’s island coasts, while India, Malaysia and Thailand canceled tsunami warnings early Tuesday.The quake’s magnitude was variously reported by monitoring agencies as 8.7 and 8.5. The U.S. Geological Survey reported the former after initially putting the magnitude at 8.2; the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center reported the latter.The main jolt was located near the coast of northern Sumatra, about 200 kilometers (125 miles) west northwest of Sibolga, and about 1,400 kilometers (880 miles) northwest of Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital. The U.S. Geological Survey said the quake was 30 kilometers (20 miles) deep.The quake struck at 11:09 p.m. (04:09 p.m. GMT, 11:09 a.m. ET). It was felt in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and as far north as Bangkok, Thailand.Unit 4 Social BehaviorThe Men’s Movement: What Does It Mean to Be a Man?As a result of the Women’s Movement, more women are working outside the home, and many men are playing a more active role in family life and are taking on some of the tasks involved in child care and housework. In addition to these changes inside the home, men are today entering occupa tions that used to be considered women’s jobs. More men are becoming nurses and teachers of young children. Other men are finding that they have morefemale colleagues and bosses at work than ever before, and they are having to adapt to wom en’s styles of communication and management, which can differ considerably from those of men. At work, as well as at home, many men today in modern North American society have to play very different roles than their fathers did. They are, as a result, joining with other men in a countermovement called the Men’s Movement to seek to provide one another with the support they need to cope with the roles expected of men in today’s world.Exactly what forms does the Men’s Movement take, and what do men in the Men’s Movement hope to achieve by being active in the movement? To begin with, the Men’s Movement has no unified, monolithic philosophy. Although there are a number of unifying themes, there are also some interesting differences among the basic groups associa ted with the Men’s Movement. Several writ ers who write about the Men’s Movement have identified four basic groups of men active in the movement.The first group is labeled the male feminists, and these men work for women’s rights and equality between the sexes. Some of the men in this first group are vocal about blaming other men for much of the violence against women and for the inequality that exists between men and women in relationships and the job market. Not all members of the Men’s Movement, however, consider this first group of men to be an integral part of the Men’s Movement. To be sure, the other three groups focus more on men’s issues than do the so-called male feminists.The second orientation in the Men’s Movement attracts men who join men’s su pport groups to meet regularly and give and receive psychological support in dealing with problems created by the new roles they have to play at home and at work. These men are attempting to learn to better express their feelings and emotions, and to show sensitivity without being ashamed. A third group in the Men’s Movement consists of men who want to get back the power they feel they have lost because of the advances made by women as a result of the Women’s Movement and feminist causes. They are male activists. Finally, there is an approach to the movement called the mytho-poetic Men’s Movement. The men involved in this aspect of the Men’s Movement believe that men should be initiated into manhood as men were initiated when people still lived in small tribes and bands in more ancient cultures. This group initiates men using mythology, poetry (hence the name mytho-poetic), and other rituals, such as dancing, to explore and affirm the value of masculinity and masculine approaches to problem solving. Men who subscribe to this viewpoint worry that too much contact with women and too little contact with other men has turned men into weaklings or wimps.So, the Men’s Movement is very diverse. A man who wants to join the movement has many options of just how he wi ll explore the question, “What does it mean to be a man in today’s world?”Husbands and Wives: a Caller form NorthbridgeJ: And now some final calls for Shirley Sloan Fader and “Wait a minute. You can’t have it all,” she says to working women. Hello.M: Hi, Jerry.J: Yes, sir.M: Jerry, I’m calling from Northbridge, and Shirley, hi, how are you?S: Hi.M: This is just one of those days where all day I’ve been getting what I need. I turn on the radio after I’m done doing my housework, and I got what I needed in the last ten minutes I’ve listened. I willnever, ever subject my wife to what she’s been doing since we’ve been married for the last eight years.During the last year of our marriage, I was the sole worker. She was home due to, you know, unemployment. Two weeks after she started a job, I was laid off. And I just can’t believe it— she would come home and do this and then “Honey, honey —let me do it. Let me do it.” And now I’m sitting in a little office that I had to create in my basement with — I just can’t believe all the things that she accomplished even when she was just home. It’s completely overwhelming.J: How old are you?M: I’m thirty-four. She’s thirty-six.J: Children?M: Two teenage girls.J: Right.M: Lucky us. And it’s a handful. And then, of course, after you’re laid off and everything goes from bad to worse —the washing machine breaks. The dryer’s fine, so I only have to waste an hour going to the laundromat to wash and then come back and dry, and you know it’s just one thing after anothe r. And I tell her about how my day went after she comes home, and she says, “Honey, remember when the washer broke before, when you were working?” And it’s a real trip, and I really underestimated —I don’t know if underestimated is the word — I really took for granted all the things that were done around here and —J: Are you working yourself now?M: No, this is just it. Two weeks after she got a job, I was laid off, and now I’m home, and I don’t know how she got it all done when she was working. She was working and doing the housework and the laundry and doing this and taking the kids here and taking the kids there, and it just never ever ends.S: Right. And that’s why they are so stressed. And that’s why so many people have answered Jerry’s questions say ing their sex life is nonexistent or we won’t ask you.M: Well, it is right now.S: Because most men have no idea of how much there is to do, and the women up to now have been afraid —they don’t want to rock the boat. They think it’s going to be a hassle, but they haven’t felt entitled, and the more they understand that their job is doing for their man, they will feel more entitled.For example, a man who is laid off, as you are, has the time —when there’s another paycheck coming in — he has the time to look for an appropriate job. When a man is the sole support and he has to put the bread on the table this week, he has to take any kind of job he could possibly get, and so her paycheck saves him from that — nicer things. When men come home now and tell their wives about their day, the woman is out there in the world, too. She really can understand.They are more teammates. The marriage has more support going when they are both supporting the family and both taking care of it.。
学术英语视听说1听力原文
学术英语视听说1听力原文Lesson1、1-1-4Lecturer:Today, I am going to talk to you about one of the most im portant historical figures in European history-Napoleon BonaparteLet's start by talking about his early life. Napoleon was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. When he was only 10 years old, his father sent him to military school in France. Napoleon was not a very good student in most of his classes, but he excelled in mathematics and in military scienceWhen Napoleon was 16 years old, he joined the french army In that year, 1785,he began the military career that would bring him fame, power, riches, and finally, defeat. After eight years in the army, Napoleon became a general. He was only 24.Napoleon had many victories on the battlefield but he also became involved in French law and politics. And in 1804 at the age of 35,he became the first emperor of france.Napoleon had many victories on the battlefield, but he also became involved in French law and politics. And in 1804 at the age of 35,he became the first emperor of france Napoleon was many things. He was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. his soldiers were ready to die for him. as a result, Napoleon won many military victories. At one time hecontrolled most of Europe, but some countries, including England, Russia, and Austria, fought fiercely against Napoleon His defeathis end- came when he decided to attack russia In this military campaign against Russia, he lost most of his army .The great French conqueror died alone, deserted by his famil and his friends. The year was 1821,and Napoleon was only 51Lesson2、1-2-4Lecturer:The lecture for th is class is a b out the city of pom peii and the natural disaster that occurred there almost 2,000 years ago .Today many rich people w ho live in large m etropolitan areas such as beijing, Paris, and new york leave the city in the summer. They go to the m ountains or to the seashore to escape the city noise and heat. two thousand years ago, wealthy Rom ans did the sa me thing. They left the city of rom e in the summer. many of these wealthy rom ans spent their sum mers in the city of Pom peii, a beautiful city located on the bay of Naples, on the mediterranean Sea.In the sum mer of the year 79 Ce, a young rom an boy w ho later became a very fa m ous rom an historian w as visitin g h is uncle in Pompeii. The boy's name was pliny the younger.One day pliny w as loo king up at the sky. He saw a frightening sight. It w as a very large dark cloud. This b lack cloud rose hig h into the sky.What Pliny saw was the eruption of the volcano called Mount vesuvius. Rock and ash flew through the air. the city of Pom peii was at the foot of mount vesuvius When the volcano first erupted, many people were a ble to get out of the city and escape death. In fact, 18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster. U nfortunately, there was not enough time for everyone to escape. More than 2,000 people died. These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanicash. The eruption lasted for about three days.When the eruption w as over, Pom peii w as buried under 20 feet of volcanic rock and ash. the city of Pom peii w as forgotten for alm ost 1,700 years.In the year 1748 an Italia n farmer was digging on his farm. As he was digging, he uncovered a part of a wall of the an cient city of Pompeii. Soon, archaeologists began to dig in the area. as time went by, much of the a ncient city of Pompeii w as uncovered. today tourists come from all over the world to see the ruins of the fa m ous city of pompeii. Lesson3、1-3-4Lecturer:I'd like to talk to you today about Steve Jobs. Jobs was someone who changed the world, because he changed the way people act every single day.Jobs was born in 1955. He grew up in California, in an area that later became known as the Silicon valley. When he was about 14 years old, hebecame friends with Stephen Wozniak Wozniak was what people in those days called an electronics whiz kid. He liked to design and build his own electronic equipment.In 1975,Wozniak started designing a personal computer. This at a time when nobody owned personal computers in their homes. Jobs was young. He was only 20. But even then he had a sharp business brain. Jobs convinced Wozniak that they could build these personal computers in his garage and sell them. a year later, Jobs and wozniak founded the apple computer Company, and started building and selling personal computers.When their apple ii computer went on the market in 1977,it became a huge success Suddenly there was a mass market for a computer that people could buy at a store and use sitting in their own homes The apple ll became the world's first mass produced personal computer, and by the age of 25,Steve Job was a millionaire.Jobs was brilliant in many ways, but he was not always very good at working with other people. He needed everything to be perfect, and this caused problems at Apple. In 1985,then, Jobs left Apple and started a new computer company and soon after he also went into business with a company called Pixar Pixar was a company trying to develop a system for using CGI-computer-generated imagery to be used in animated films And Jobs was just the person to help them.In 1995. Pixar released the movie tov story It was the first full-length, computer-generated, animated film. It was a big hit and Pixar became a very, very profita ble company and steve Jobs became a very, very rich man a billionaire in fact.In the 10 years after leaving apple jobs learned a lot about working with people and running a company. So when he returned to apple in 1995. he made many changes.Without Jobs, Apple was not doing so well. But Jobs had a also wanted them to be beautiful objects that people would e vision. He didn t only want personal computers to be useful, h enjoy looking at and using. In 1998,Apple introduced the imac a new desktop computer and the next year, the iBook, a new laptop computer. People thought both were very attractive and they immediately became very popular, and apple became profitable company again.But Steve Jobs wasnt finished. He had an even bigger vision He believed that personal computers would become the center the hub, of people's digital lives. So in 2001 Jobs introduced Apple's"digital hub"strategy He told the world that the computer would become the hub of all their electronic equipment. You could connect your camera, your music player and your video recorder to the computer and manage all your videos, photos, and music using iTunes, iMovie, iPhoto, and other apple programs, or"apps "Over the next 10 years, apple createdproducts that made jobs vision a reality. In 2001,the company introduced the iPod, which quickly became the most popular digital music player. In January 2007,Jobs introduced the iPhone and suddenly your phone became like a mini computer. It was like having an iPod, a camera, and a phone all in one device that you could hold in your hand. Then three years later he released the iPad onto the market. This really was a small, light computer that you could hold in your hand.And to use it all you had to do was touch the screen.Jobs'final vision before he died in Octo ber 2011 was Apple iCloud This is a system that allows apple users to store and manage their data and applications, not in their computer, but over the internet.Jobs may be gone, but there is no question that his vision lives on Jobs was someone who changed the world, not just for our own time, but maybe, who knows, for all time.Lesson4、1-4-4Lecturer:Let's talk a little today a out how roller coasters work and thephysics in volved in a ride on aroller coaster. I'm sure many of you have taken a ride on a roller coaster Person ally, I don't ever want to ride on one again. When i was young, my sister took me on a roller coaster, and I never forgot that frigh te n in g experience.A simple roller coaster consists o f a frame with a track on it .The track is very much like a train track. Th is track goes over a serie s of hillsand around curves following a path that ends at the sam e p lace it started, a train of cars travels around on th is track, very fast. the cars have two sets of w heels. 0 ne set of w heels rolls on top of the track and the other set of w heels rolls below the track the w heels below the track are there to keep the fa stm oving cars fro m co m in g o ff th e track. Roller- coaster cars, as you prob ably know, d on't have any m otors or es In stead, a ch ain pulls the cars up the first, tallest and steepest, h ill. A nd th isis how the ride begin s then at the top of the hill, the ch ain com es off th e cars, and gra v ity takes over. Gravity pushes the cars dow n the other sid e of th e h ill. T he taller a nd steeper the first h ill is, the fa ste r th e rid e willbe, and the farther the cars willtrave l.As the cars roll downhill, they gain speed. When they reach the botto m of the first h ill, the cars have enough speed a d e nergy to send the m up the next hill. A s th e cars n ear the top of the second hill, they begin to slow down. but then, th e cars reach the top of th at hill and start down the other sid e, a n d gravity again pushes them tow ard the ground. T his process repeats on each hill.OK, so let's go over th is process a g ain. First, the cars are u led b y a ch ain up th e first, h ig h est h ill. Then they go d ow n a very steep slope At th is point, there is enough energy to pull the cars up and over the next hill. a gain, w hen they reach the bottom of that hill, there is enough energy to clim b the next h ill. T he roller-coaster cars lose energy as therid e contin ues so the hills have to be sm aller toward the end of the track F in ally, we roll to a stop on ground level, rig ht w here we began. Tom orrow we will talk about the forces that press on our bod ies and keep us in our seats w hen the cars of a roller coaster travel in a loop th at puts us up side down.Lesson5、1-5-4Lecturer:What I'd like to talk to you about today is child language development i know that you all are trying to learn a second language, but for a moment, lets think about a related topic:How children learn their first language What do we know about how babies develop their language and communication ability?Well, we know babies are able to communicate as soon as they are bom-even before they learn to speak. At first, they communicate by crying. This crying lets their parents know when they are hungry, or unhappy, or uncomfortable. However, they soon begin the process of acquiring language The first stage begins a few weeks after birth. At this stage babies start to make cooing noises when they are happy. Then, at around four months they begin to babble Babies all over the world begin to babble around the same age and they all begin to make the same kinds of babbling noises. by the time they are ten months old however the babbling of babies from different language backgrounds sounds different. For example, the babbling of a baby in a Chinese-speaking home sounds different from the babbling of a baby inan English-speaking home.Babies begin a new stage of language development when they start to speak their first words. At first, they invent their own words for things. For example, a baby in an english speaking home may say"baba"for the word ball or" kiki"for These words are usually the names of things that are in the cat. In the next few months, babies will acquire a lot of words baby s environment, words for food or toys, for example.They will begin to use these words to communicate with others. For example, if a baby holds up an empty juice cup and says "juice, the baby seems to be saying, I want more juice"or May i have more juice?This word juice is really a one-word sentence.The next stage of language acquisition begins around 18months, when babies begin to say two-word sentences. They produce what is called"telegraphic" gether. The babies use a kind of grammar to put words speech, meaning they leave out all but the most essential words. an English-speaking child might say something like"Daddy, up, which actually means"Daddy, pick me up, please. Then, between two and three years of age, children learn more and more grammar. For example, they begin to use the past tense of verbs. In other words, they learn the rule for making the past tense of many verbs. The children begin to say things such as "I walked home" and"I kissed Mommy. They also overgeneralize this new grammar rule and make a lot of mistakes.For example children often say such things as"i goed to bed"instead of"I went to bed, or"leated ice cream" instead of"I ate ice cream In other words, the children have learned the past-tense rule for regular verbs such as walk and kiss, but they haven t learned that they cannot use this rule for all verbs Some verbs like eat are irregular and the past tense forms for irregular verbs must be learned individually. anyway these mistakes are normal. The children will soon learn to use the past tense for regular and irregular verbs correctly. They then continue to learn other grammatical structures in the same way.If we stop to think about it, it' s quite amazing how quickly children all over the world learn their language. It's also amazing how similar the process is for babies all over the world. You probably dont remember anything about how you learned your first language. But now that you' ve learned learning a first and secon d language may be similar and ss of something about the process, think about how the proc different. After class, why not make a list of some similarities and differences in the processes of child and adult lar learning. Then we'll talk about it next time we meed .Lesson7、1-7-4Lecturer:When people think about a robot, they often picture a machine that looks something like a human being. However, that' s not always the case!Most robots do not look much like a human being at all.They look like machines, because that's what most of them are industrial machines. Today, I'm going to talk mostly about industrial robots used in industry. These are robots that do work that for humans would be physicall demanding, repetitive, dangerous, or very boring.Most industrial robots work on an assembly line in a factory.For example, a robot might put lids on jars of fruit or stack boxes for shipping. In a car factory, robotic arms on th assembly line join the parts of the car together Other robots tighten the bolts on the cars wheels or paint the car. There are thousands of robots putting cars together in auto assembly plants. These robots are very precise when repeating a task. For example, they always tighten bolts with the same exac amount of force. They always move a heavy engine to exactly where it should be. and they always put a hole in the exact same place in every car door, hour after hour. These areexamples of robots doing the work humans could do, but the robots are doing the work more efficiently and precisely.So, just how do robots work?To do its job, a robot first needs a control system. This control system directs the robots mechanical parts. The control system of a robot is, so to speak, the robot' s"brain "So how does a robot "learn"which action to do first and which of its moving parts needs to do that action?The robot learns its job with the help and guidance of a human being.To teach an industrial robot to do something, first a person must use a handheld computer The computer is used to guide the robot's"arm and hand"through the motions it needs to do. Then the rob ot stores the exact movements in its computer memory. The robot has sensors to gather information. So now, the robot will use its sensors to direct its actions. The robot"tells"its moving parts what to do and then it performs the action. For example, to pick up and move a box, the robot first finds the box. next it decides the weight of the box. Then it decides how much force is needed to lift and move the box. and finally, it finds the correct place to put the box down. It repeats the process over and over until it is turned off It does the same job until it is given a new job and new program to follow.Some scientists think that rob ots of the future will be smarter than todays robots. They may also look more human like, or even animal-like. In fact, they may work and"think more like humans do. The industrial robots we've been talkin about so far today are automatic robots. They are known as automatic robots because they are programmed to follow a specific series of movements. Usually, they have parts that move, but they really don t travel around On the other hand, an autonomous machine can change its behavior in relation to its surroundings. For example, an autonomous robot with wheels or legs to move around can change direction when it senses that there is something in its way. arobot such as Hondas famous asIMo can detect the movements of people nearby. It can move to avoid bumping into someone coming toward it. asimo can even learn to dance by following themovements of a dancer next to it i don t know whether or when people will welcome autonomous machines or human-like robots. i guess that we will need to think about that in the robo-doctor, robo-teacher, robo-pet, or even our robo-Rriend future, Well need to think about how we will interact with or Think about that when you're doing your homework this evening. Would a robo-friend help you do your homework?。
听力原文(学术英语2)
Unit11.Most countries take a census every 10 years or so in order to count the people and to knowwhere they are living.1.大多数国家每10年左右进行一次人口普查,以便统计人口并了解他们的居住区域。
2. A country with a growing population is a country that is becoming more populous.2.人口增长的国家是一个人口越来越多的国家。
3. A person’s race is partly determined by skin color and type of hair as well as other physical characteristics.3.一个人的种族部分取决于肤色和头发类型以及其他身体特征。
4. The majority of the U.S. population is of European origin.4.大多数美国人口来自欧洲5. The geographical distribution of a country’s population gives information about where the people are living.5.一个国家人口的地理分布提供了人们居住地的信息。
6. Many different kinds of people comprise the total U.S. population. In other words, people of different races and ages make up the population.6.许多不同类型的人构成美国总人口。
换句话说,不同种族和年龄的人构成了人口。
7. The median age of the U.S. population, which is a relatively large one, has been getting progressively higher recently.7.美国人口的年龄中位数相对较大,最近逐渐上升。
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学术综合英语听力原文学术综合英语听力材料导读:就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“学术综合英语听力材料”资讯,希望对您有所帮助,感谢您对的支持!Comprehensive Academic English For Graduates新编研究生英语系列教材学术综合英语Comprehensive Academic English For Graduates听力材料罗立胜Comprehensive Academic English For Graduates上海外语教育出版社Comprehensive Academic English For Graduates1目录Unit 1 Presenting aSpeech ............................................................. (1)RoadBuilding ........................................................... (1)The Mississippi River inAmerica ............................................................ .. (1)Unit 2 EnergyConservation ....................................................... .. (2)An Eyewitness to Changes inChina .............................................................. .. (2)Talk with ―Harry Potter‖ –Daniel Radcliffe AnswersQuestions form Fans (4)Unit 3Traffic ............................................................ . (5)2Driving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving WhileDrunk (5)Quake Kills at Least 300 on IndonesianIsland ............................................................. .. (6)Unit 4 SocialBehavior ........................................................... .. (7)The Men’s Movement: What Does It Mean to Be aMan? (7)Husbands and Wives: a Caller formNorthbridge ........................................................ (8)Unit 5Population ......................................................... . (9)Suicide onCampus ............................................................. (9)China vs.India .............................................................. (10)Unit 6 A City inChina .............................................................. ..............................3 (11)What Does the Future Hold forMarriage? .......................................................... . (11)Should Teacher Have the Power to Search forKnives? ............................................................ .. 12Unit 7 Dishonoring the HonorSystem ............................................................. . (13)Opening Speech for the UK’s First Disabled People’sParliament (13)Opening Speech for the Sydney 2000 OlympicGames ...............................................................13Unit 8 PEI EnergyFramework .......................................................... . (14)Nuclear PowerPlants ............................................................. (14)Should There Be More Nuclear Power Plants in theUS? (15)14Comprehensive Academic English For GraduatesUnit 1 Presenting a SpeechRoad BuildingGood morning, everyone. Today I’ll be talking about therelationship between road building and the development of the American economy during the 18th century. About 300 years ago, theUnited States’ economy was growing rapidly, mainly because of a booming trade in two important agricultural products: grain and cotton.Grain output in the eastern part of America increased quickly atthat time due to the rapidly growing population and the large number of immigrants from Europe. As a result, the demand for grain almost doubled. For this reason, the trade in grain first developed in this part of the country. At the same time, the road system was gradually built up in order to transport the grain from the rural areas to various cities. The road building clearly helped develop the economy quickly in these areas and in the cities as well.During the same period, farmers in the South could get a largeamount of laborers from Africa, and they started to grow cotton. As the cotton output increased, the farmers5needed to sell it in other places. As a result, many roads werebuilt to link the rural areas to the cities.At first, this trade of grain and cotton took place along the coast, or near rivers and lakes. It took place there because it was easy and cheap to transport goods from one place to another. Before 1700, it was very expensive to move the goods by road. So, farmers had to rely mainly on rivers to move their crops to markets.At that time, there was only one continuous road that existed in the US. It ran from north to south along country roads, which were linked together to make one long road. Within a short time, the first east-to-west roads were built. They were called turnpikes. Private companies built these roads and collected fees from all vehicles that traveled on them.Eventually, because of the booming trade of grain and cotton, a network of roadways was completed that connected some major cities and towns. Although traveling was still costly for farmers, they soon preferred to move their crops to cities and other areas on roadways rather than by boat because it was faster and more convenient.So here we can see a rather clear picture of road building6in the United States and its impact on economic development during that period.The Mississippi River in America1Comprehensive Academic English For GraduatesUnit 2 Energy ConservationAn Eyewitness to Changes in China(Y: Yang Rui, anchor of Dialogue, CCTV-9R: Sidney Rittenberg, president of Rittenberg Associates, Incorporated. )Y: Mr. Rittenberg, you are a successful businessman and also a big name to the Chinesedue to your close association with the first generation of the PRC leaders. How do you look at the impact that that experience has had on your current perception of China’s reform and development?R: I feel in my heart that what I’m doing today is acontinuation of what I was trying to doin the that is, I had this ambition, this dream, from the time thatI began studying Chinese at Stanford University in71943,I had this dream of working to build bridges between Chinese people and American people, and to help them understand each other and cooperate together. And I tried to do that in the past, working in China in Mao’s day. Andthat’s exactly what I’m trying to do today. I really think that what I’m doing today is more effective than what I was able to do in the past.Y: At that time many foreigners came to China, but you were amongthe very few who gotclose to the Communist Party of China.R: You know, it’s quite obvious to me that the only r eason that the Communist Party ofChina was able to win in the final stages of the Civil War is because of their extremely close relations with the people. The Chinese people that came to know them, trusted them and considered them their representatives. This small peasant army led by Mao Zedong had no tanks,no big guns, no planes, and was greatly outnumbered by the opposition, which was the most powerful armed force in Asia after the Second World War. And yet in only three and a half years, the Nationalists were completely defeated and driven off to the island province of Taiwan. Why? Because the ties that8the Communists had with the Chinese people wereunbreakable. They had their trust. They had their confidence and support. And that was something that the Nationalists were not able to get.You know, the Revolutionary Army was a poor army, even in terms ofthe food they got. The soldiers had grass sandals that they made themselves along the march. But what made them do it? The fact that they had a vision. They believed that they were fighting for their land, for their family to have their own farmland, and for a fair government that would listen to the people and do what they needed. So this is the only explanation I can think of for why they were able to win.Y: In the Long March you just talked about, the Communist army hadto overcomeextreme difficulties. But in the new Long March of modernization today, we are also facing difficulties, though very different. What’s your view of this new Long March? R: I agree with calling this a new Long March, only the barriers are very different. Thosebarriers were certainly very grim and threatening. Some of these barriers look very good and inviting but actually9they are not. I mean, in the days before and during the Long2Comprehensive Academic English For GraduatesMarch, the leaders had the task of studying the Chinese reality and getting everybody that they could influence to study reality and from it to derive a set of policies, practical strategies to guide everybody. So people had a shared vision and dream. They were motivated by this common dream to work together. And I think, during the current Long March of modernization, China would need to do the same thing, to gradually study Chinese reality and develop a set of strategies, a common vision and a set of values that most people will share. And then you’ll find that you don’t have a problem of disconnection between the central government and local governments, or a problem of a big gap between city and country life.10。