英语中的26个英文字母及发音音标

英语中的26个英文字母及发音音标如下:
Aa [e] Bb [bi:] Cc [si:] Dd [di:] Ee [i:] Ff [ef] Gg [d
i:]
Hh [e t∫] I i [ɑ] J j [d e] K k [ke] L l [el] Mm [em] N n [en] O o [әu] P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S
s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:]
V v [vi:] W w [′dΛblju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:]/[zed]
以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如: з
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标: [e] [e t∫] [d e] [ke]
2) 含元音音素[i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3) 含元音音素[e] 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4) 含元音音素[ju:] 字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`dΛblju:]
5) 含元音音素[ɑ] 字母: Ii 音标: [ɑ] Yy 音标: [wɑ]
英语发音规则
一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母的读音
a 在开音节中读[e]如：n a me pl a ne J a ne
b a by
c a ke
在闭音节中[æ]如：b a g d a d h a t m a p bl a ck b a ck
e 在开音节中 [i:] h e th e se m e Chin e se
在闭音节中 [e] b e d l e t p e n d e sk y e s e gg
i 在开音节中[ɑ] b i ke dr i ve t i me n i ce
k i te
在闭音节中[ı] f i sh b i g d ri nk s i t m i lk sw i m
o 在开音节中[әu] th o se cl o se g o h o me
n o
在闭音节中[D] cl o ck n o t b o x sh o p s o ck
u 在开音节中[ju:] st u dent exc u se d u ty T u esday
在闭音节中[Λ] b u s c u p j u mp m u ch l u nch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j, l ,r ,s后面时读[u:]音,
例如:J u ne bl u e r u ler s u per
二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a [ә] China another woman breakfast
[ ] orange comrade village cabbage
e [ә] hundred student open weekend
[] chicken pocket begin children
i [ә]/[ı] holiday beautiful family animal
[a] exercise satellite
o [ә] second tonight somebody welcome
[әu] also zero photo
u [ә] autumn diffcult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[e]音,例如:oper a te
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j、 l、 r、 s后面时,读[u(:)]音,
例如:J u ly infl u ence Febr u ary iss u e
三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
1、a在[w]音后面 [פ] w a nt wh a t w a tch w a sh qu a lity
a在f、n、 sk 、ph 、sp 、ss 、st 、th前时读 [ɑ:]
a fter pl a nt gr a ph a sk gr a sp gl a ss f a st f a ther
2、i在-nd、 -ld和gh前读[ɑ] 如: f i nd ch i ld l i ght h i gh
3、o在-st、 -ld前读[әu] 如: m o st p o stcard o ld c o ld
4、o在m、 n 、v 、th前读[Λ] c o me m o nkey l o ve m o ther
四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音әзŋ
1、ar
ar 一般读[ɑ:] car farm dark sharp
在[w]后读[פ:] w ar m qu ar ter tow ar ds
2、or
[פ:] 如： f or ty m or ning sh or t
or在[w]音后面读[з:] w or d w or ker w or se
3、er、 ir、 ur读 [з:] 如： c er tainly b ir d Th ur sday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成 -r音节,而是按重读闭音节
的拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ә]音,例如:
doll ar teach er mart yr f or get Sat ur day
五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读音
例词
are [eә] c are d are h are
ere [ә] h ere m ere
ire [ɑә] f ire h ire w ire
ore [פ:] m ore sc ore bef ore sh ore b ore
ure [ju:ә] p ure c ure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[ә]音,例如:pict ure pleas ure
重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音.
例如: parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.
例如:orange very American paragraph
六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
ai/ay读音[e]
例词 afraid rain wait day play
air[eә] air hair chair pair repair
al在f,m前读 [פ:l] small ball talk wall all [פ:l] always also salt almost bald
[ɑ:] half calm palm
au/aw[פ:] autumn daughter draw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[e] break great
ear [ә] hear dear near clear year
[eә] bear pear wear
[з:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [ә]] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey [e] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j、l、r、s后读 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew
ie/ei 在[s]音之后念[i:] piece field receive
oa [әu] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [פ:] roar board door floor
oi/oy [פ] noise point boy toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school
[u] book look cook foot good
ou/ow [ɑu] flower house count down
[әu] know row throw though
[Λ] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our [פ:] course your four
[ɑuә] our hour ours
[з:] j our ney
ui 在j、l 、r、 s后 [ju: ] fluid suicide tuition [u:] j ui ce fr ui t s ui t
七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群
读音例词
ai/ay 、ei/ey [] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [әu] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[ә]音或 [].
例如:neighb our seri ou s fam ou s bisc ui t coff ee
-sion -tion [∫n] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [t∫n] ques tion sugges tion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle castle
-sure[Зә] pleasure measure
-ture [t∫ә]picture culture
八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读.
例如:
everyd ay [e]
handb a g [æ]
blackb oar d [פ:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.
例如:
sun太阳 + day[e]日子 > Sunday[] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[e]日子 > holiday[] 假日
break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[ә] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[פ:] > cupboard[ә] 碗柜
九,辅字组的读音
辅音字母组读音例词
b[b] bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
c [k] cake picture coat music
在e前或在i/y前[s] face decide cinema
ch [t∫] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[∫] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [d ] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
-ds [dz] stands floods goods
f [f] five four breakfast
g [g] bag gardon go
在e i/y前[d ] orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 [g] guess league dialogue
[gw] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [d ] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column
n [n] not shine ten note
在[k]/ [g]音前[ŋ] uncle thank hungry
-ng [ŋ] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk
元音字母间或浊辅音前[z] music husband
sc- [sk] scarlet school
[s] muscle science
sh[∫] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下 [t] ten letter meet
在弱读字母ia ie io前[∫] patient nation
tch [t∫] watch kitchen
th在通常情况下[θ] thin thirty method
在冠词代词介词连词中[ð]the these with than
在词尾-the -ther中[ð] clothe father weather
tr-[tr] tree train country truck
ts [ts] sports parts
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[/] answer two
wh- wh-在字母o前[w] what when white why
[h]who whose whole
x 在重读元音前[ks] box text exercise
[gz]examle exist exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号.
开音节①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:
no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发
音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home
ex-cuse.
闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.
例如: bag egg fish not cup
多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.
例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如: scien `tific im`pression `nation。