上海大学2018-2019年学年度秋季卷
2018年上海市秋考高考英语试卷(精校Word版含答案)
2018年上海市普通高校秋季招生统一文化考试英语试卷考生注意：1.本场考试时间120分钟，满分150分。
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第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.In a supermarket. B.At the laundry. C.In a clothing store. D.At the tailor’s.2. A.He enjoys working hard. B.He is tired of piles of work.C.His complaint about work is sensible.D.His hard work doesn’t pay off.3. A.He’s changing the light. B.He’s burning the wires.C.He’s dancing on the desk.D.He’s checking the bulb.4. A.₤100. B.₤200. C.₤700. D.₤600.5. A.She has no chance to get the job. B.She is sure to be hired.C.There will be a fierce competition.D.Others will not give the chance to her.6. A.The man’s habit of drinking wine keeps him awake all night.B.This man should sleep in a comfortable bed.C.A little drinking can make the man sleep more comfortably.D.Both the bed and the wine should be blamed for the man’s insomnia.7. A.The size of the shirt is probably small for him.B.He doesn’t want any new shirt.C.He’s exercising to put on some weight.D.The receipt is essential to buy another shirt.8. A.Lead him to take another flight.B.Provide him with a place to stay tonight.C.Tell his friends to pick him up at the airport.rm him of the new flight in time.9. A.A very popular hotel. B.The competitive job market.C.The large population of the city.D.The hot news on TV.10. A.The physics problem is Greek to all the students.B.Professor Smith cannot teach the students well.C.The man still doesn’t understand the problem.D.It is unfortunate for the man to have physics class.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 1l through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A.Britain. B.France. C.Spain. D.America.12. A.St. Augustine was destroyed by the hurricanes in 2017.B.America became in charge of St. Augustine in 1821.C.The United Kingdom is the real owner of St. Augustine now.D.The visitors do not like to see the coastal views there.13. A.The extraordinary history of St. Augustine.B.The hardships St. Augustine once suffered.C.The popular coastal tourism of St. Augustine.D.The beautiful architecture and scenery in St. Augustine.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A.The transport system of London is available everywhere.B.Tokyo’s lost property office is the biggest one in the world.C.The lost items are an important source of funding for London.D.In most cases,people don’t care about the things they lost.15. A.The lost items are collected all over the country.B.Losing old things may become a good chance for new ones.C.The items that are not claimed will be valuable for the transport.D.Most of the lost items will be given back to the owners.16. A.Losing shoes enables them to meet new opportunities.B.The lost shoes are meaningless to them.C.They get the chance to treat themselves with new shoes.D.Shoes once get lost,it’s difficult to find them back.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A.She’s discussing business with this man.B.She’s looking around a house for rent.C.She’s watching the house she wants to buy.D.She’s talking about the loan with the bank staff.18. A.The wine storage area. B.The advanced equipment.C.The relaxing colors of the wall.D.The reasonable layout.19. A.It’s dirty cheap. B.It’s unreasonable.C.It’s unexpected.D.It’s acceptable.20. A.The householder often ignores customers’ offering.B.The woman is superior to others in buying this house.C.The house agent is uncertain about the woman’s offering.D.The house has been ordered in advance by other people.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.A comprehensive study of 4,500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain’s cortex—the outer layer that processes sensory information. “We don’t know if it (21)__________ (cause) by the screen time.We don’t know yet if it’s a bad thing.It won’t be until we follow them over time (22)__________ we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we’re seeing in this single snapshot,”Dr. Gaya Dowling. “What we can say is that this is (23)__________ the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens.And it’s not just one pattern.”The problem isn’t just screens (24)__________,but also the way screens tempt kids (and adults) away from something far more important:physical activity.More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don’t get enough physical activity,and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization (WTO),these patterns of activity and rest arise (25)__________ habits we develop early in life. “What we really need to do is (26)__________ (bring) back play for children,”says Dr. Juana Willumsen,a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity,in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. “This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime,while (27)__________ (protect) sleep.”Of course,children aren’t completely to blame for their screen addiction.Sometimes,the parents (28)__________ complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one.A 2016 study (29)__________ (conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens,mostly not for work-related reasons.While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models,the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior.Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids—(30)__________ it means playing the bad guy.Our mental and physical health depends on it.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beMany of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese(粤语) or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let’s start with them. kowtowThe English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems (31)__________. It comes from theCantonese word kau tau, which means "knock your head." It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to (32)__________ – such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to "kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to (33)__________ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his (34)__________ to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.gung-hoAnother borrowed word that came about through (35)__________ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters "gōng" and "hé" together mean "work together, cooperate." The original term -- gōngyè hézuòshè -- means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "...all the soldiers (36)__________ themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over."He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had (37)__________. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the "Gung Ho Battalion." From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoonIn English, a typhoon is a very powerful and (38)__________ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called "touffons" or "tufans." The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means "great wind." The word's (39)__________ to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word – typhoon – was influenced by the Cantonese but (40)__________to make it appear more Greek.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. (41)__________, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into adulthood. The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of (42)__________ in the U.S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous(急剧的) (43)__________ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas. To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the (44)__________ have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. "People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring,' but they're (45)__________ the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less (46)__________ in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her (47)__________, exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the (48)__________ effect, the study said. In the first (49)__________, "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more (50)__________ and fewer resources," said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy - and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more (51)__________ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for "establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said. But America is shifting more toward the (52)__________ model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. "Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education...families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully (53)__________ has really sunk in." The (54)__________ of "adult activities" could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990s (with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the (55)__________, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.41.A.Therefore B.Rather C.Moreover D.Besides42.A.childhood B.neighborhood C.adolescents D.adulthood43.A.escapes B.ends C.decreases D.changes44.A.minorities B.majorities C.masses D.amounts45.A.taking B.avoiding C.sending D.missing46.A.interested B.envied C.relieved D.realized47.A.emotions B.surroundings C.customs D.habits48.A.wrong B.same C.opposite D.similar49.A.event B.issue C.case D.occasion50.A.trouble B.questions C.benefits D.diseases51.A.respectively B.delicately C.seriously D.considerably52.A.slower B.better C.smaller D.faster53.A.emphasized B.related anized cated54.A.implement B.postponement C.achievement D.payment55.A.cause B.impact C.fact D.resultSection BDirections: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.Fore each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies(加密货币) have been all over the news lately.Apparently, the idea of money that’s not tied to a specific bank -or a specific country - is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.).In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum(银金矿), objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used in lieu of coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U.K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency-and some people there are even hoarding(贮存) it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination.On Malaita, the most-populated island that's part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods."How much tuna(金枪鱼) you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape," Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. "One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time."Just like a mint that creates coins, there's only one place on the island where the shells, which arepolished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made.The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned(困住) out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to—and probably less durable over time than those shells.56.According to the passage which of the following is TRUE?A.Money was created and was widely used in the world.B.Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.C.The ingredients of world’s first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.ing shells for money has been out of date in the world.57.The word “mint” in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to “__________”.A.a kind of money that can exchangeB.the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candiedC.a place to produce and polish shellsD.a factory that produces currency58.What’s opinion of the author towards shells for money?A.Reasonable.B.Imaginary.C.Convenient.D.Inventive.59.Which of he following might be the best title of the passage?A.The History of BitcoinB.Shells Still MoneyC.The Currency Is of Great UseD.Some Shells(B)Moving a GiantThe logistics of excavating(挖掘) and relocating a town’s century-old,living sequoia(红杉) tree.Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club co-founder John Muir provided the original seedling .So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall conifer(针叶树) stood stood in the way of its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees.Weighing in at more than 800,000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. “I (had) lost enough sleep over this," says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president-and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin.Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder, measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to acclimate to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed.—Leslie Nemo1.Mark A.Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platformof seven-inch-diameter,44-foot-long steelbars and,just below the rods,a first set of uninflated airbags (shown in gray).The team also dug a shallow ramp.2.In roughly 15 minutes,the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.3.By underinflating the front bags,the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level.A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front.They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.4.There a second set of partially inflated bags (shown in white) waited inside the hole.Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well,because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.ing the first set of airbags,the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.6.The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.7.The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia’s root ball to the bottom of its hole.The bags were removed,but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.8.For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.60.Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined “stood in the way of”?A.Resisted.B.Balanced.C.Blocked.D.Promoted.61.What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees?A.Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.B.Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.C.Because it corresponds to government’s plan of Environmental Design.D.Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.62.How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with?A.They will be given new soil in the new living environment.B.Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.C.They will be kept in transport bags all the time.D.They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.(C)Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget LineThe term “budget line” has several related meanings,including a couple that are self-evident and a third that is not.The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingThe budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations—it's the household budget, for example.Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.Given a limited amount of money,a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods.If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B,she can only purchase goods totaling X.If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0.75 X,she can then spend only 0.25 X,the amount remaining,on her purchase of B.This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about.As it turns out,however,this same concept—one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it—is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics,which is explained below.Lines in a BudgetBefore turning to the economics definition of “budget line”,consider another concept:the line-item budget.This is effectively a map of future expenditures,with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified.There’s nothing very complicated about this;in this usage,a budget line is one of the lines in the budget,with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified.The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptOne of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above--a consumer's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy. In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally.A Simple Budget Line GraphTo understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have $150 to spend. In the example below, assume that each movie costs $10 and each crime novel costs $15.The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set.If movies cost $10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15.To note this you make a dot at the number 15(for total movie tickets) at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the extreme left above "0"on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books--the number of books available in this example is 0. You can also graph the other extreme--all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost $15 and you have $150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10.So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have $0 available for movie tickets.If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line.Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not.63.Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE?A.It is a limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.B.Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex.C.It is the effectively a map of future expenditures.D.It can be expressed as a mathematical equation.64.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation.B.To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line.C.To tell us we should budget before we buy goods.D.To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line.65.Assume that each movie cost $10 and each crime novel costs $15,you have $150.Which isRIGHT according to this passage?A.The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.B.The maximum number of crime novels you can by is 15.C.You can buy 7 crime novels and see 5 movies.D.You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies.66.What is the best title of this passage?A.Are we really know the economic concept of a budget line?B.The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptC.The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingD.The Complex Concept—Budget LineSection CDirections: Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in theParents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines.Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.Magazine BenefitsMagazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively,breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.The articles in magazines are generally short,which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span.The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read,especially if it is a children’s publication.By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age,you are encouraging development of a useful skill.(67)__________ Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood.(68)__________ Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world rmation is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable.Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend.Magazine ActivitiesReading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses.When your children are finished with their magazines,encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member.Once each family member has finished reading each magazine,you can use them for art and writing projects.These projects are for family members of all ages:。
上海2019秋考语文试卷(含答案)
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2018年 上海秋考 语文试卷(网传版)
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②①④③ 上海市教育考试院 保留版权
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喜怒哀乐的经济逻辑
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2019年上海秋季高考语文试卷及参考答案
2019年上海秋季高考语文试卷及参考答案一积累应用10分1．按要求填空。
（5分）（1）此地有崇山峻岭，___________，又有清流激湍，映带左右。
（王羲之《兰亭集序》）（2）___________，献愁供恨，玉簪螺髻。
（辛弃疾《___________·登建康赏心亭》）（3）柳永《雨霖铃》中“多情自古伤离别，更那堪冷落清秋节”两句，直抒胸臆，感情深厚；陆游《书愤》中也有直抒胸臆一联是“________________，__________________”。
2．按要求选择。
（5分）（1）小明做事马虎，他想写一句话来警醒自己，以下句子合适的一项是（）。
（2分）A．愚者千虑，必有一得。
B．一屋不扫，何以扫天下？C．患生于所忽，祸起于细微。
D．勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。
（2）填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是（）。
（3分）吴人的祖先很会唱歌，这是人所共知的。
_________________，而且被民间文艺工作者收集保存。
可是吴地的舞蹈呢？我们祖先的那种伴有呜呜歌声的舞蹈哪里去了呢？A．吴歌、白茅山歌从古到今都有人会唱B．吴歌、白茅山歌有人从古到今都会唱C．有人从古到今都会唱吴歌、白茅山歌D．从古到今都有人会唱吴歌、白茅山歌二阅读70分(一)阅读下文，完成第3－7题。
（16分）常识和理论①依据我们的常识，桌面是光滑的，物理学的理论却告诉我们，桌子由原子组成，原子之间有空隙，桌面其实坑坑洼洼。
很多人疑惑：理论和常识冤家碰头时，我们是该相信理论还是该坚守常识呢？②其实，理论和常识很难笼统地拿来比较。
因为平时说的“常识”一词，所称的内容十分繁杂。
鲸鱼是一种鱼，这份常识保存在“鲸鱼”这个词里，但鲸鱼是哺乳动物，这也是大家都知道的常识。
太阳东升西落是常识，而地球围着太阳转也是常识。
为了区分，我们把“鲸鱼是哺乳动物”“地球围着太阳转”这一类常识称作“科学常识”。
本文要讨论的常识，是指来自日常经验的常识而非科学常识。
2019年上海秋季高考语文试卷及参考答案
2019 年上海秋季高考语文试卷及参考答案一积累应用10 分1．按要求填空。
（5 分）（1）此地有崇山峻岭， ___________ ，又有清流激湍，映带左右。
（王羲之《兰亭集序》）（2） _________ ，献愁供恨，玉簪螺髻。
（辛弃疾《________________ ·登建康赏心亭》）（3）柳永《雨霖铃》中“多情自古伤离别，更那堪冷落清秋节”两句，直抒胸臆，感情深厚；陆游《书愤》中也有直抒胸臆一联是“ ___________________________ ，2．按要求选择。
（5 分）（1）小明做事马虎，他想写一句话来警醒自己，以下句子合适的一项是（）（2 分）A．愚者千虑，必有一得。
B．一屋不扫，何以扫天下？C．患生于所忽，祸起于细微。
D．勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。
（2）填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是（）。
（3 分）吴人的祖先很会唱歌，这是人所共知的。
_______________________ ，而且被民间文艺工作者收集保存。
可是吴地的舞蹈呢？我们祖先的那种伴有呜呜歌声的舞蹈哪里去了呢？A．吴歌、白茅山歌从古到今都有人会唱B．吴歌、白茅山歌有人从古到今都会唱C．有人从古到今都会唱吴歌、白茅山歌D．从古到今都有人会唱吴歌、白茅山歌二阅读70 分（一）阅读下文，完成第3－7 题。
（16 分）常识和理论①依据我们的常识，桌面是光滑的，物理学的理论却告诉我们，桌子由原子组成，原子之间有空隙，桌面其实坑坑洼洼。
很多人疑惑：理论和常识冤家碰头时，我们是该相信理论还是该坚守常识呢？②其实，理论和常识很难笼统地拿来比较。
因为平时说的“常识”一词，所称的内容十分繁杂。
鲸鱼是一种鱼，这份常识保存在“鲸鱼”这个词里，但鲸鱼是哺乳动物，这也是大家都知道的常识。
太阳东升西落是常识，而地球围着太阳转也是常识。
为了区分，我们把“鲸鱼是哺乳动物” “地球围着太阳转”这一类常识称作“科学常识”。
2018-2019学年上大附中高一英语第一学期9月月考试卷
2018-2019 学年上大附中高一英语第一学期9 月月考试卷I. Listening Comprehension (略)II.Grammar and Vocabulary (20 分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A)21.She sees many of her other cousins in the field ______(play) softball.22.The man sticks out his hand,_______ (say), “Hi, I’m Paul.”23.Thus, California is a true example of the “melting pot ”, so often _____ (associate) with the US.24.Passengers sitting in the rear of a plane have the best chance of survival in an event of a crash,an extraordinary and costly aviation(航空,飞行) experiment ever ______(conduct) has revealed.25.Having stopped laughing, I stepped back _______ (look) the situation over.26.I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother _____ (take) it down to dictation.27.The thing I had fallen over felt like a bundle of clothes, and I picked it up _____ (protect) myface from the smoke and heat.28.Just then the floor gave way under me and I crashed to the floor below with pieces of_______(burn) wood all around me, and there were fire on the wall as well.29.A woman in a night dress and a borrowed man’s coat screamed as she saw me and came ______ (run) madly.30._______(call) functional strength training, the implement helps with tasks such as lifting infants in and out of car seats or lifting garage doors.(B)You never forget your first whale. The impact it makes (31)_______ you is huge and life is neverquite the same again.The world seems to be having more and more whale lovers. Since its beginnings in the mid50s, whale-watching (32)_______(grow) quickly and now more than 13 million people join(33)_______ (organize) whale watching trips every year.The trouble is that a few hours of whale watching simple isn't enough. You go out in the morning and, (34)______ lunchtime, you are planning your next trip; by teatime, you are planning the one after that. All your holidays center around whales: the only books you read are (35)_____ about whales, you wear whale T-shirts, and(36)_____ you meet your friends you talk about whales.So what is it about these larger-than-life animals (37)_______ makes them so special ? Their size is one possible explanation. Imagine (38)______(sit) in a small boat next to a blue whale almost as long as a Boeing 737; only a lump(大块) of rock could remain(39)_______ (unwove) by an experience like that.They are great fun to watch, too. Humpback whales (座头鲸), for example, routinely leap into the air and land back in the water with a huge splash (水花). Then there is the striking-and deeply moving-level of trust that many whale show towards people. It's (40)_____ truly humbling (令人羞辱的) experience when an enormous whale comes alongside the boat and greets you like an old friend.Section B (10 分)Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion (41)______ by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s (42)______?“Many policy measures to control obesity （肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to (43)______ foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance -- like food -- of which immoderate (44)______ leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density (45)_____: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out (46)_____ to all comers but are allotted （分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food (47)_______ our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, (48)______ ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t (49)______food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting (50)_____ price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.As computer technology has improved today’s online environments have become more completes and realistic. One website that has (51) _______ over six million Internet users is Second Life. Second Life is a three-dimensional（3-D）online world where people work, shop, sell and trade items, meet others, go to concerts and much more. Users, who are called “residents,” create their own characters, or “avatars,” They use their avatars to (52) _______ Second Life’s virtual world.Just like any country, Second life has its own (53) _______. using a credit card, users can buy “Linden Dollars,” the official currency of Second Life. With Linden dollars, they can (54) _______ land or even an entire island where they can earn real money from these (55) _______.When residents want to be (56) _______they can use their avatars to interact with others. There are games, shopping malls, clubs, and many kinds of stores (57) _______ to residents. With so manyopportunities for interesting things to do and see, it’s easy to see why so many users devote so muchtime to the site.Second Life offers users a quick and easy (58) _______ from the real world. Many residentssee this as one of the main (59)_____ of using the site. Spending time on Second Life allows themto escape the stress and problems of their daily lives. If a user is having a stressful day at work, shecan visit a beautiful island, go skiing, or even fly to another planet during her launch break.(60)_______ escaping the stress of their daily lives, users can also escape who they are in thereal world and live out their fantasies. (61) _______, residents can change their occupations, physical appearance, and even their nationalities. A doctor from the United States can be a Brazilian musicianon Second Life. (62) _______, Second Life lets users live in a world without (63) _______.Although Second Life started as a way for people to escape the real world, it has become moreand more (64) _______ to the real world in many ways. Now on Second Life, some countries havevirtual embassies, businesses have meetings in (65) _______ rooms, and universities have placeswhere students can view the campus and take classes. Today, Second Life allows users to experienceboth fantasy and reality in the same place.51.A. persuaded B. devoted C. attracted D. contacted52.A. explore B. create C. fight D. approach53.A. environment B. fortunate C. society D. economy54.A. cultivate B. purchase C. insure D. access55.A. instructions B. withdrawals C. deals D. conducts56.A. entertaining B. detective C. different D. social57.A. available B. affordable C. applicable D. adaptable58.A. suffering B. discouragement C. escape D. tolerance59.A. satisfactions B. dominations C. conveniences D. benefits60.A. In addition to B. Instead of C. In view of D. With regard to61.A. On top of that B.As a result C. For example D. Besides62.A. However B. Basically C. inevitably D. Additionally63.A. starvation B. imaginations C. connection D. Limitations64.A. exposed B. adjusted C. similar D. essential65.A. man-made B. distinctive C. functional D. virtual Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Behind most of the bad things we do to our bodies as adults, eating more than we should is the idea we carry with us from childhood. On the one hand, we assume that we are indestructible. On the other, we think that any damage we impose on ourselves can be undone when we finally clean up our act.If the evidence for how wrong the first idea is isn't apparent when you stand naked in front of the mirror, just wait. But what if you eat right and drop all your bad habits? Is there still time to repair the damage?To a surprising degree, the answer is yes. Over the past five years, scientists have accumulated a wealth of data about what happens when aging people with bad habits decide to turn their lives around. The heartening conclusion: the body has an amazing ability to heal itself, provided the damage is not too great.The effects of some bad habits--smoking, in particular--can haunt you for decades. But the damage from other habits can be largely healed. “Any time you improve your behavior and make lifestyle changes, they make a difference from that point on”, says Dr. Jeffrey Koplan. “Maybe not right away. It's like slamming on the brakes. You do need a certain distance”.But the distance can be remarkably short. Consider the recent announcements from the front lines of medical research:--A study concluded that women who consume as little as two servings of fish a week cut their risk of suffering a stroke to half that of women who eat less than one serving of fish a month.--The day you quit smoking, the carbon monoxide levels in your body drop dramatically. Within weeks, your blood becomes less sticky and your risk of dying from a heart attack starts to decline。
2018上海秋季高考语文卷含答案
2018年上海市普通高校招生统一文化考试语文试卷考生注意：1．本场考试时间150分钟。
试卷共9页，满分150分，答题纸共2页。
2．作答前，在答题纸正面填写姓名、准考证号，反面填写姓名。
将核对后的条形码贴在答题纸指定位置。
3．所有作答务必填涂或书写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的区域，不得错位。
在试卷上作答一律不得分。
4．用2B铅笔作答选择题，用黑色字迹钢笔、水笔或圆珠笔作答非选择题。
一积累应用10分1．按要求填空。
（5分）这部分负责人是上海中医药大学老先生，殷，那个勾，会扣分。
笔画写清楚理解性默写试题一定保证答案的唯一性，一般从内容角度设计。
2.按要求选择。
（5分）（1）向全国卷靠拢，名句→成语。
A．莫道桑榆晚，为霞尚满天。
B．桃李不言，下自成蹊C．以其昏昏，使人昭昭D．言之无文，行而不远（修辞）提示学生要储备一些成语全国卷I的考法，在语境中、一段话中考查。
连贯题做法：瞻前顾后，瞻前看主语，顾后看宾语。
（2）连贯题，考排序艺术家可以活在艺术史之中，__________，___________，__________，___________艺术可以保持对于时代的必要的冷漠，从而彰显艺术的自主性品格。
①艺术的独立性不是说艺术可以断绝与时代的关系②他们也活在社会历史之中③但更为普遍而真实的是④而是说作为一种抵抗方式A.③①④②B.③②①④C.②①④③D.②③①④提示：试题形式年年有变化，适当关注全国卷的命题样式：高度的整合性。
1、名句与成语、熟语的一体化设计，意思相近成语和运用的辨析；2、连贯题，提供了更完整的语境；3、修改病句，有利于训练学生严谨的表达习惯，上海卷暂时未出现。
（2年内不会考）二阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。
（16分）喜怒哀乐的经济逻辑熊秉元①十八世纪的哲学家休谟尝言：“理智是情感之奴。
”②对于喜怒哀乐、爱恨情仇等等，历来的哲学家和一般社会大众，无不认为是驾驭人的原始力量。
人为情感、情绪所使唤，即使是少得可怜的理性、理智，也只是居于被支配和奴役的地位。
【上海卷】2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学真题(含解析)
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）数 学一、填空题（本大题共12题，满分54分，第1-6题每题4分，第7-12题每题5分） 1．（4分）已知集合{1A =，2，3，4，5}，{3B =，5，6}，则AB = ．2．（4分）计算22231lim 41n n n n n →∞-+=-+ ．3．（4分）不等式|1|5x +<的解集为 ． 4．（4分）函数2()(0)f x x x =>的反函数为 ．5．（4分）设i 为虚数单位，365z i i -=+，则||z 的值为 6．（4分）已知22214x y x a y a +=-⎧⎨+=⎩，当方程有无穷多解时，a 的值为 ． 7．（5分）在6(x+的展开式中，常数项等于 ．8．（5分）在ABC ∆中，3AC =，3sin 2sin A B =，且1cos 4C =，则AB = ． 9．（5分）首届中国国际进口博览会在上海举行，某高校拟派4人参加连续5天的志愿者活动，其中甲连续参加2天，其他人各参加1天，则不同的安排方法有 种（结果用数值表示）10．（5分）如图，已知正方形OABC ，其中(1)OA a a =>，函数23y x =交BC 于点P ，函数12y x -=交AB 于点Q ，当||||AQ CP +最小时，则a 的值为 ．11．（5分）在椭圆22142x y +=上任意一点P ，Q 与P 关于x 轴对称，若有121F P F P …，则1F P 与2F Q 的夹角范围为 ．12．（5分）已知集合[A t =，1][4t t ++，9]t +，0A ∉，存在正数λ，使得对任意a A ∈，都有A aλ∈，则t的值是 ．二、选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13．（5分）下列函数中，值域为[0，)+∞的是( ) A ．2xy =B ．12y x =C ．tan y x =D ．cos y x =14．（5分）已知a 、b R ∈，则“22a b >”是“||||a b >”的( ) A ．充分非必要条件 B ．必要非充分条件 C ．充要条件D ．既非充分又非必要条件15．（5分）已知平面α、β、γ两两垂直，直线a 、b 、c 满足：a α⊆，b β⊆，c γ⊆，则直线a 、b 、c 不可能满足以下哪种关系( ) A ．两两垂直B ．两两平行C ．两两相交D ．两两异面16．（5分）以1(a ，0)，2(a ，0)为圆心的两圆均过(1,0)，与y 轴正半轴分别交于1(y ，0)，2(y ，0)，且满足120lny lny +=，则点1211(,)a a 的轨迹是( ) A ．直线B ．圆C ．椭圆D ．双曲线三、解答题（本大题共5题，共14+14+14+16+18＝76分）17．（14分）如图，在正三棱锥P ABC -中，2,PA PB PC AB BC AC ======． （1）若PB 的中点为M ，BC 的中点为N ，求AC 与MN 的夹角； （2）求P ABC -的体积．18．（14分）已知数列{}n a ，13a =，前n 项和为n S ． （1）若{}n a 为等差数列，且415a =，求n S ；（2）若{}n a 为等比数列，且lim 12n n S →∞<，求公比q 的取值范围．19．（14分）改革开放40年，我国卫生事业取得巨大成就，卫生总费用增长了数十倍．卫生总费用包括个人现在支出、社会支出、政府支出，如表为2012年2015-年我国卫生货用中个人现金支出、社会支出和政府支出的费用（单位：亿元）和在卫生总费用中的占比．（数据来源于国家统计年鉴）（1）指出2012年到2015年之间我国卫生总费用中个人现金支出占比和社会支出占比的变化趋势： （2）设1t =表示1978年，第n 年卫生总费用与年份t 之间拟合函数 6.44200.1136357876.6053()1tf t e-=+研究函数()f t 的单调性，并预测我国卫生总费用首次超过12万亿的年份．20．（16分）已知抛物线方程24y x =，F 为焦点，P 为抛物线准线上一点，Q 为线段PF 与抛物线的交点，定义：||()||PF d P FQ =． （1）当8(1,)3P --时，求()d P ；（2）证明：存在常数a ，使得2()||d P PF a =+；（3）1P ，2P ，3P 为抛物线准线上三点，且1223||||PP P P =，判断13()()d P d P +与22()d P 的关系．21．（18分）已知等差数列{}n a 的公差(0d ∈，]π，数列{}n b 满足sin()n n b a =，集合{}*|,n S x x b n N ==∈． （1）若120,3a d π==，求集合S ； （2）若12a π=，求d 使得集合S 恰好有两个元素；（3）若集合S 恰好有三个元素：n T n b b +=，T 是不超过7的正整数，求T 的所有可能的值．2019年上海市春季高考数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题（本大题共12题，满分54分，第1-6题每题4分，第7-12题每题5分） 1．（4分）已知集合{1A =，2，3，4，5}，{3B =，5，6}，则A B = {3，5} ．【解答】解：集合{1A =，2，3，4，5}， {3B =，5，6}， {3AB ∴=，5}．故答案为：{3，5}．2．（4分）计算22231lim 41n n n n n →∞-+=-+ 2 ．【解答】解：2222312231lim lim 241411n n n n n n n n n n→∞→∞-+-+==-+-+． 故答案为：2．3．（4分）不等式|1|5x +<的解集为 (6,4)- ． 【解答】解：由|1|5x +<得515x -<+<，即64x -<< 故答案为：{6-，4)．4．（4分）函数2()(0)f x x x =>的反函数为1()0)f x x -=> ． 【解答】解：由2(0)y x x =>解得x =，1()0)f x x -∴=>故答案为1f -()0)x x =>5．（4分）设i 为虚数单位，365z i i -=+，则||z 的值为【解答】解：由365z i i -=+，得366z i =+，即22z i =+，||||z z ∴==故答案为：6．（4分）已知22214x y x a y a +=-⎧⎨+=⎩，当方程有无穷多解时，a 的值为 2- ． 【解答】解：由题意，可知：方程有无穷多解，∴可对①2⨯，得：442x y +=-．再与②式比较，可得：2a =-． 故答案为：2-． 7．（5分）在6(x+的展开式中，常数项等于 15 ．【解答】解：6(x+展开式的通项为36216r r r T C x-+=令3902r -=得2r =， 故展开式的常数项为第3项：2615C =． 故答案为：15．8．（5分）在ABC ∆中，3AC =，3sin 2sin A B =，且1cos 4C =，则AB【解答】解：3sin 2sin A B =，∴由正弦定理可得：32BC AC =， ∴由3AC =，可得：2BC =，1cos 4C =， ∴由余弦定理可得：2221324232AB +--=⨯⨯，∴解得：AB =．9．（5分）首届中国国际进口博览会在上海举行，某高校拟派4人参加连续5天的志愿者活动，其中甲连续参加2天，其他人各参加1天，则不同的安排方法有 24 种（结果用数值表示）【解答】解：在五天里，连续的2天，一共有4种，剩下的3人排列，故有33424A =种， 故答案为：24．10．（5分）如图，已知正方形OABC ，其中(1)OA a a =>，函数23y x =交BC 于点P ，函数12y x -=交AB 于点Q ，当||||AQ CP +最小时，则a【解答】解：由题意得：P点坐标为，)a ，Q点坐标为(a ，||||AQ CP +=+，当且仅当a =11．（5分）在椭圆22142x y +=上任意一点P ，Q 与P 关于x 轴对称，若有121F P F P …，则1F P 与2F Q 的夹角范围为 1[arccos 3π-，]π ．【解答】解：设(,)P x y ，则Q 点(,)x y -，椭圆22142x y +=的焦点坐标为(2-，0)，(2，0)，121F P F P …，2221x y ∴-+…，结合22142x y +=可得：2[1y ∈，2]故1F P 与2F Q 的夹角θ满足：222122212238cos 3[122(F P F Qy y y F P F Q x θ-====-+∈-++，1]3-故1[arccos 3θπ∈-，]π故答案为：1[arccos 3π-，]π12．（5分）已知集合[A t =，1][4t t ++，9]t +，0A ∉，存在正数λ，使得对任意a A ∈，都有A aλ∈，则t的值是 1或3- ．【解答】解：当0t >时，当[a t ∈，1]t +时，则[4t aλ∈+，9]t +，当[4a t ∈+，9]t +时，则[t aλ∈，1]t +，即当a t =时，9t a λ+…；当9a t =+时，t a λ…，即(9)t t λ=+；当1a t =+时，4t a λ+…，当4a t =+时，1t a λ+…，即(1)(4)t t λ=++，(9)(1)(4)t t t t ∴+=++，解得1t =．当104t t +<<+时，当[a t ∈，1]t +时，则[t aλ∈，1]t +．当[4a t ∈+，9]t +，则[4t aλ∈+，9]t +，即当a t =时，1t aλ+…，当1a t =+时，t a λ…，即(1)t t λ=+，即当4a t =+时，9t a λ+…，当9a t =+时，4t a λ+…，即(4)(9)t t λ=++，(1)(4)(9)t t t t ∴+=++，解得3t =-．当90t +<时，同理可得无解．综上，t 的值为1或3-． 故答案为：1或3-．二、选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分） 13．（5分）下列函数中，值域为[0，)+∞的是( ) A ．2xy =B ．12y x =C ．tan y x =D ．cos y x =【解答】解：A ，2x y =的值域为(0,)+∞，故A 错B ，y =的定义域为[0，)+∞，值域也是[0，)+∞，故B 正确．C ，tan y x =的值域为(,)-∞+∞，故C 错D ，cos y x =的值域为[1-，1]+，故D 错． 故选：B ．14．（5分）已知a 、b R ∈，则“22a b >”是“||||a b >”的( ) A ．充分非必要条件 B ．必要非充分条件 C ．充要条件D ．既非充分又非必要条件【解答】解：22a b >等价，22||||a b >，得“||||a b >”，∴ “22a b >”是“||||a b >”的充要条件，故选：C ．15．（5分）已知平面α、β、γ两两垂直，直线a 、b 、c 满足：a α⊆，b β⊆，c γ⊆，则直线a 、b 、c 不可能满足以下哪种关系( ) A ．两两垂直B ．两两平行C ．两两相交D ．两两异面【解答】解：如图1，可得a 、b 、c 可能两两垂直； 如图2，可得a 、b 、c 可能两两相交； 如图3，可得a 、b 、c 可能两两异面；故选：B ．16．（5分）以1(a ，0)，2(a ，0)为圆心的两圆均过(1,0)，与y 轴正半轴分别交于1(y ，0)，2(y ，0)，且满足120lny lny +=，则点1211(,)a a 的轨迹是( ) A ．直线B ．圆C ．椭圆D ．双曲线【解答】解：因为11|1|r a =-=21112y a =-，同理可得22212y a =-， 又因为120lny lny +=， 所以121y y =， 则12(12)(12)1a a --=， 即12122a a a a =+， 则12112a a +=， 设1211x a y a ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩，则2x y +=为直线，故选：A ．三、解答题（本大题共5题，共14+14+14+16+18＝76分）17．（14分）如图，在正三棱锥P ABC -中，2,PA PB PC AB BC AC ======． （1）若PB 的中点为M ，BC 的中点为N ，求AC 与MN 的夹角； （2）求P ABC -的体积．【解答】解：（1）M ，N 分别为PB ，BC 的中点，//MN PC ∴， 则PCA ∠为AC 与MN 所成角，在PAC ∆中，由2PA PC ==，AC =，可得222cos 2PC AC PA PCA PC AC +-∠===，AC ∴与MN的夹角为； （2）过P 作底面垂线，垂直为O ，则O 为底面三角形的中心， 连接AO 并延长，交BC 于N ，则32AN =，213AO AN ==．PO ∴=∴11333224P ABC V -=⨯=．18．（14分）已知数列{}n a ，13a =，前n 项和为n S ． （1）若{}n a 为等差数列，且415a =，求n S ；（2）若{}n a 为等比数列，且lim 12n n S →∞<，求公比q 的取值范围．【解答】解：（1）4133315a a d d =+=+=，4d ∴=， 2(1)3422n n n S n n n -∴=+⨯=+； （2）3(1)1n n q S q -=-，lim n n S →∞存在，11q ∴-<<，∴lim n n S →∞存在，11q ∴-<<且0q ≠，∴3(1)3lim lim 11n n n n q S q q→∞→∞-==--， ∴3121q <-，34q ∴<，10q ∴-<<或304q <<， ∴公比q 的取值范围为(1-，0)(0⋃，3)4．19．（14分）改革开放40年，我国卫生事业取得巨大成就，卫生总费用增长了数十倍．卫生总费用包括个人现在支出、社会支出、政府支出，如表为2012年2015-年我国卫生货用中个人现金支出、社会支出和政府支出的费用（单位：亿元）和在卫生总费用中的占比．（数据来源于国家统计年鉴）（1）指出2012年到2015年之间我国卫生总费用中个人现金支出占比和社会支出占比的变化趋势： （2）设1t =表示1978年，第n 年卫生总费用与年份t 之间拟合函数 6.44200.1136357876.6053()1tf t e -=+研究函数()f t 的单调性，并预测我国卫生总费用首次超过12万亿的年份．【解答】解：（1）由表格数据可知个人现金支出占比逐渐减少，社会支出占比逐渐增多． （2） 6.44200.1136t y e -=是减函数，且 6.44200.11360t y e -=>， 6.44200.1136357876.6053()1tf t e -∴=+在N 上单调递增，令6.44200.1136357876.60531200001te ->+，解得50.68t >，∴当51t …时，我国卫生总费用超过12万亿，∴预测我国到2028年我国卫生总费用首次超过12万亿．20．（16分）已知抛物线方程24y x =，F 为焦点，P 为抛物线准线上一点，Q 为线段PF 与抛物线的交点，定义：||()||PF d P FQ =． （1）当8(1,)3P --时，求()d P ；（2）证明：存在常数a ，使得2()||d P PF a =+；（3）1P ，2P ，3P 为抛物线准线上三点，且1223||||PP P P =，判断13()()d P d P +与22()d P 的关系． 【解答】解：（1）抛物线方程24y x =的焦点(1,0)F ，8(1,)3P --，84323PFk ==，PF 的方程为4(1)3y x =-，代入抛物线的方程，解得14Q x =，抛物线的准线方程为1x =-，可得10||3PF ==， 15||144QF =+=，||8()||3PF d P QF ==；（2）证明：当(1,0)P -时，2()||2222a d P PF =-=⨯-=， 设(1,)P P y -，0P y >，:1PF x my =+，则2P my =-，联立1x my =+和24y x =，可得2440y my --=，2Q y m =+2()||22(22P P Q y d P PF y m m -==+ 2122m +-=-=，则存在常数a ，使得2()||d PPF a =+；（3）设11(1,)P y -，22(1,)P y -，33(1,)P y -，则1321322[()()]4()||||2||d P d p dP PF P F P F+-=+-=， 由2222231313134)[()16]24428y y y y y y y +-++=++-，2222221313131313(4)(4(4)4()84()0y y y y y y y y y y ++-+=+-=->，则132()()2()d P d P d P +>．21．（18分）已知等差数列{}n a 的公差(0d ∈，]π，数列{}n b 满足sin()n n b a =，集合{}*|,n S x x b n N ==∈． （1）若120,3a d π==，求集合S ； （2）若12a π=，求d 使得集合S 恰好有两个元素；（3）若集合S 恰好有三个元素：n T n b b +=，T 是不超过7的正整数，求T 的所有可能的值．【解答】解：（1）等差数列{}n a 的公差(0d ∈，]π，数列{}n b 满足sin()n nb a =，集合{}*|,n S x x b nN ==∈．∴当120,3a d π==， 集合{S =0． （2）12a π=，数列{}n b 满足sin()n n b a =，集合{}*|,n S x x b n N ==∈恰好有两个元素，如图：根据三角函数线，①等差数列{}n a 的终边落在y 轴的正负半轴上时，集合S 恰好有两个元素，此时d π=， ②1a 终边落在OA 上，要使得集合S 恰好有两个元素，可以使2a ，3a 的终边关于y 轴对称，如图OB ，OC ，此时23d π=， 综上，23d π=或者d π=．（3）①当3T =时，3n n b b +=，集合1{S b =，2b ，3}b ，符合题意．②当4T =时，4n n b b +=，sin(4)sin n n a d a +=，42n n a d a k π+=+，或者42n n a d k a π+=-，等差数列{}n a 的公差(0d ∈，]π，故42n n a d a k π+=+，2k d π=，又1k ∴=，2 当1k =时满足条件，此时{S =-，1，1}-．③当5T =时，5n n b b +=，sin(5)sin n n a d a +=，52n n a d a k π+=+，或者52n n a d k a π+=-，因为(0d ∈，]π，故1k =，2． 当1k =时，{sin10S π=，1，sin}10π-满足题意． ④当6T =时，6n n b b +=，sin(6)sin n n a d a +=，所以62n n a d a k π+=+或者62n n a d k a π+=-，(0d ∈，]π，故1k =，2，3．当1k =时，S =，满足题意． ⑤当7T =时，7n n b b +=，sin(7)sin sin n n n a d a a +==，所以72n n a d a k π+=+，或者72n n a d k a π+=-，(0d ∈，]π，故1k =，2，3当1k =时，因为17~b b 对应着3个正弦值，故必有一个正弦值对应着3个点，必然有2m n a a π-=，227d m n ππ==-，7m n -=，7m >，不符合条件． 当2k =时，因为17~b b 对应着3个正弦值，故必有一个正弦值对应着3个点，必然有2m n a a π-=，247d m n ππ==-，m n -不是整数，不符合条件． 当3k =时，因为17~b b 对应着3个正弦值，故必有一个正弦值对应着3个点，必然有2m n a a π-=或者4π，267d m n ππ==-，或者467d m n ππ==-，此时，m n -均不是整数，不符合题意．综上，3T ，4，5，6．。
2018年上海市秋季高考语文真题试卷【附答案】
2018年上海秋季高考语文卷一、积累应用（10分）1.填空（5分）（1）子曰：“君子固穷，________________。
”（《论语·卫灵公》）（1分）（2）寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，________________。
（李清照《__________》）（2分）（3）《梦游天姥吟留别》中“________________，________________”两句描写梦中的声音，震动林泉，使人心惊胆战。
（2分）2.按要求选择（5分）（1）下列选项中，各句使用不恰当的一项是（）。
（2分）A.老吴七十学画，今天开画展，朋友发来短信：“莫道桑榆晚，为霞尚满天。
”B.沈教授为人真挚，安然奉教数十年，深受学生爱戴，可谓“桃李不言，下自成蹊。
”C.王老师备课总是深入而又全面，她知道“以其昏昏，使人昭昭”是不可能的。
D.小赵的论文缺乏独到的见解，他的导师给他写评语说：“言之无文，行之不远。
”（2）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）（3分）艺术家可以活在艺术史中， _______， _______，_______，_______，艺术可以保持对于时代的冷漠，从而彰显艺术的自主性品格。
①艺术的独立性不是说艺术可以断绝与时代的关系②他们生活在社会历史之中③但更为普遍真实的是④而是说一种抵抗方式A③①④② B③②①④ C②①④③ D②③①④二、阅读（70分）现代文一（16分）喜怒哀乐的经济逻辑熊秉元对于喜怒哀乐、爱恨情仇等等，历来的哲学家和一般社会大众，无不认为是驾驭人的原始力量。
人为情感、情绪所使唤，即使是少得可怜的理性、理智，也只是居于被支配和奴役的地位。
人的境况，真是可悯和可悲。
行远自迩，先从简单的情境开始琢磨。
如果人真的是情绪的动物，那么动物一旦受到环境里的刺激，会直接不假修饰地表达喜怒哀乐。
可是，非常奇怪，每个人都可以自问：被父母师长责备时，有多少人会回嘴或怒目以对？对于上司或面试的主考官，有多少人会直接宣泄心中不满的情绪？大概不多，除非打定主意“此处不留人”！可见得，对于情绪的运用，还是有规则可循。
【精品】上海市近两年(2018,2019)高考数学试卷汇总以及答案(word解析版)
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)数 学一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分第1-6题每题4分，第7-12题每题5分）1.行列式的值为 。
2.双曲线的渐近线方程为 。
3.在（1+x ）7的二项展开式中，x ²项的系数为 。
（结果用数值表示）4.设常数，函数f (x )=log 2(x +a )，若f (x )的反函数的图像经过点(3,1)，则a= 。
5.已知复数z 满足（i 是虚数单位），则∣z ∣= 。
6.记等差数列的前几项和为S n ，若a 3=0，a 8+a 7=14，则S 7= 。
7.已知α∈{－2,－1,－,,1,2,3}，若幂函数为奇函数，且在(0,+∞)上递减，则α=_____ 8.在平面直角坐标系中，已知点A （-1，0），B （2，0），E ，F 是y 轴上的两个动点，且||=2，则的最小值为______9.有编号互不相同的五个砝码，其中5克、3克、1克砝码各一个，2克砝码两个，从中随机选取三个，则这三个砝码的总质量为9克的概率是______（结果用最简分数表示）10.设等比数列{a n }的通项公式为a n =q ⁿ+1（n ∈N*），前n 项和为S n 。
若，则q=____________ 11.已知常数a >0，函数的图像经过点、，若，则a =__________12.已知实数x ₁、x ₂、y ₁、y ₂满足：，，+的最大值为__________ 二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）每题有且只有一个正确选项.考生应在答题纸的相应位置，将代表正确选项的小方格涂黑.41252214x y -=a R ∈117i z i +=-（）{} n a 2121()n f x x =EF ⋅1Sn 1lim 2n n a →∞+=222()(2)f x ax =+65p p ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭，15Q q ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭，236p q pq +=²²1x y +=₁₁²²1x y +=₂₂212x x y y +=₁₂₁13.设P 是椭圆+=1上的动点，则P 到该椭圆的两个焦点的距离之和为（ ） （A ）2 （B ）2 （C ）2 （D ）414.已知，则“”是“”的（ ） （A ）充分非必要条件（B ）必要非充分条件 （C ）充要条件（D ）既非充分又非必要条件15.《九章算术》中，称底面为矩形而有一侧棱垂直于底面的四棱锥为阳马.设AA ₁是正六棱柱的一条侧棱，如图，若阳马以该正六棱柱的顶点为顶点，以AA ₁为底面矩形的一边，则这样的阳马的个数是（ ）（A ）4 （B ）8 （C ）12 （D ）1616.设D 是含数1的有限实数集，是定义在D 上的函数，若的图像绕原点逆时针旋转后与原图像重合，则在以下各项中，的可能取值只能是（ ）（A （B （C （D ）0 三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸的相应位置写出必要的步骤.17.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）已知圆锥的顶点为P ，底面圆心为O ，半径为2（1）设圆锥的母线长为4，求圆锥的体积；（2）设PO =4，OA ，OB 是底面半径，且∠AOB =90°，M 为线段AB 的中点，如图，求异面直线PM 与OB 所成的角的大小.²5x ²3y 2352a R 1a ﹥1a1﹤f x （）f x （）π61f （）18.（本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）设常数，函数 （1）若为偶函数，求a 的值；（2）若，求方程上的解。
2018年-上海秋考-语文试卷（包含答案-网传版）
P.F. Productions 后期制作2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海语文试卷考生注意：1．本场考试时间150分钟，试卷共8页，满分150分，答题纸共2页。
2．作答前，在答题纸正面填写姓名、准考证号，反面填写姓名。
将核对后的条形码贴在答题纸指定位置。
3．所有作答务必填涂或书写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的区域，不得错位。
在试卷上作答一律不得分。
4．用2B铅笔作答选择题，用黑色字迹钢笔、水笔或圆珠笔作答非选择题。
一积累应用10分1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1）子曰：“君子固穷，____________。
”（《论语·卫灵公》）（2）寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，____________。
（李清照《____________》）（3）《梦游天姥吟留别》中，“____________，____________”两句描写梦中的声音，震动林泉，使人心惊胆战。
2.按要求选择。
（5分）（1）下列选项中，名句使用不恰当的一项是（）。
（2分）A. 老吴七十学绘画，今天开画展，朋友发来短信：“莫道桑榆晚，为霞尚满天。
”B. 沈教授为人诚挚，默默奉献数十年，深受爱戴，可谓“桃李不言，下自成蹊。
”C. 王老师备课总是深入而又全面，她知道“以其昏昏，使人昭昭”是不可能的。
D. 小赵的论文缺乏独到见解，他的导师给他写评语说：“言之无文，行而不远。
”（2）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）。
（3分）艺术家可以活在艺术史之中，________，________，________，________，艺术可以保持对于时代的必要的冷漠，从而彰显艺术的自主性品格。
①艺术的独立性不是说艺术可以断绝与时代的关系②他们也活在社会历史之中③但更为普遍而真实的是④而是说作为一种抵抗方式A. ③①④②B. ③②①④C. ②①④③D. ②③①④上海市教育考试院保留版权2018年高考语文第1页(共8页)二阅读70分(一) 阅读下文，完成第3—7题。
上海市2019届秋季高考数学考试卷(教师解析版)2019.06.10
上海市2019届秋季高考数学考试卷（教师解析版）2019.06.10一、填空题（本大题共12题，1-6题每题4分，7-12题每题5分，共54分）1、已知集合()(),32,A B =-∞=+∞、，则=B A ________.【解】根据交集概念，得出：)3,2(.2、已知C z ∈且满足i z =-51，求=z ________.【解】i z+=51，i i i i i z 261265)5)(5(551-=-+-=+=. 3、已知向量)2,0,1(=a ，)0,1,2(=b ，则a 与b 的夹角为________.【解】52552cos =⋅=⋅=ba θ. 4、已知二项式()521x +，则展开式中含2x 项的系数为________. 【解】rrr r rrr xC x C T ---+⋅⋅=⋅⋅=55555121)2(令25=-r ，则3=r ，2x系数为402235=⋅C .6、已知x 、y 满足002x y x y ≥⎧⎪≥⎨⎪+≤⎩，求23z x y =-的最小值为________.【解】线性规划作图：后求出边界点代入求最值， 当0=x ，2=y 时，6min -=z .6、已知函数()f x 周期为1，且当01x <≤，()2log f x x =-，则=)23(f ________. 【解】121log )21()23(2=-==f f . 7、若x y R +∈、，且123y x +=，则yx的最大值为________. 【解】法一：y x y x 212213⋅≥+=，∴892232=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛≤x y ； 法二：由y x 231-=，y y y y x y 32)23(2+-=⋅-=（230<<y ），求二次最值89max =⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛x y .8、已知数列{}n a 前n 项和为n S ，且满足2n n S a +=，则5S =______.【解】由⎩⎨⎧≥=+=+--)2(2211n a S a S n n n n 得：121-=n n a a （2≥n ）∴ {}n a 为等比数列，且11=a ，21=q ，∴ 1631211])21(1[155=--⋅=S . 9、过24y x =的焦点F 并垂直于x 轴的直线分别与24y x =交于A B 、，A 在B 上方，M 为抛物线上一点，OM OA λ=+()2OB λ-，则λ=______.【解】依题意求得：)2,1(A ，)2,1(-B ，设M 坐标),(y x M有：)4,22()2,1()2()2,1(),(-=-⋅-+=λλλy x ，代入x y 42=有：)22(416-⋅=λ 即：3=λ.10、某三位数密码锁，每位数字在90-数字中选取，其中恰有两位数字相同的概率是_______.【解】法一：100271031923110=⋅⋅=C C C P （分子含义：选相同数字×选位置×选第三个数字） 法二：100271013310110=+-=P C P （分子含义：三位数字都相同+三位数字都不同） 11、已知数列{}n a 满足1n n a a +<（*∈N n ），(),n n P n a 在双曲线12622=-yx 上，则1lim n n n P P +→∞=_______.【解】法一：由12822=-na n 得：)16(22-=n a n ，∴))16(2,(2-n n P n ，))16)1((2,1(21-+++n n P n ，利用两点间距离公式求解极限。
2018上海秋考数学高考试卷精校版(解析版)
2018上海秋考数学高考试卷精校版(解析版)D充要条件 （D ）既非充分又非必要条件 【解析】可以选取特殊值，易知选择A1. 《九章算术》中，称底面为矩形而有一侧棱垂直于底面的四棱锥为阳马．设1AA 是正六棱柱的一条侧棱，如图，若阳马以该正六棱柱的顶点为顶点，以1AA 为底面矩形的一边，则这样的阳马的个数是（ ）．（A ）4 （B ）8 （C ）12 （D ）16【解析】准去理解阳马定义，数形结合上下各8个，所以选择D2. 设D 是含数1的有限实数集，()f x 是定义在D 上的函数．若()f x 的图像绕原点逆时针旋转6π后与原图像重合，则在以下各项中，()1f 的可能取值只能是（ ）．（A 3 （B 3 （C 3 （D ）0 【解析】理解函数定义中一个x 只能对应一个y ，选择B 三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）3. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）已知圆锥的顶点为P ，底面圆心为O ，半径为2， （1）设圆锥的母线长为4，求圆锥的体积；（2）设4PO =，OA OB 、是底面半径，且90AOB ∠=，M 为线段AB 的中A 1AOMPBA点，如图，求异面直线PM 与OB 所成的角的大小．【解析】 （1）1834233V π=⨯⨯；（2）17OA 取中点为N ，即∠PMN 即为所求角，MN=1，PN=，所以所成角为174. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）设常数a ∈R ，函数()2sin 22cos f x a x x =+．（1）若()f x 为偶函数，求a 的值；（2）若314f π⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭，求方程()12f x =在区间[],ππ-上的解．【解析】 （1）0a =； （2）2()sin 2cos 131,3424f a a a πππ=+=+=∴=，2()322cos 2sin(2)16f x x x x π=+=++又 2()12sin(2)[,])62f x x x πππ=-+=-∈-又，所以115131924242424x ππππ=--、、、．5. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）某群体的人均通勤时间，是指单日内该群体中成员从居住地到工作地的平均用时．某地上班族S 中的成员仅以自驾或公交方式通勤．分析显示：当S 中()%0100x x <<的成员自驾时，自驾群体的人均通勤时间为：()()30,0301800290,30100x f x x x x <≤⎧⎪=⎨+-<<⎪⎩单位：分钟，而公交群体的人均通勤时间不受x 影响，恒为40分钟．试根据上述分析结果回答下列问题：（1）当x 在什么范围时，公交群体的人均通勤时间少于自驾群体的人均通勤时间？（2）求该地上班族S 的人均通勤时间()g x 的表达式；讨论()g x 的单调性，并说明其实际意义． 【解析】 （1）45100x <<； （2）()240,0301011358,301005010x x g x x x x ⎧-<≤⎪⎪=⎨⎪-+<<⎪⎩，()g x 在(]0,32.5x ∈时单调递减，在[)32.5,100x ∈时单调递增．实际意义为：当S 中32.5%的成员自驾时，该地上班族S 的人均通勤时间达到最小值36.875分钟．6. （本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分） 设常数2t >，在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，已知点()2,0F ，直线l ：x t =，曲线Γ：28y x =()0,0x t y ≤≤≥，l 与x 轴交于点A 、与Γ交于点B ，P 、Q分别是曲线Γ与线段AB 上的动点． （1）用t 表示点B 到点F 的距离；（2）设3t =，2FQ =，线段OQ 的中点在直线FP 上，求△AQP 的面积； （3）设8t =，是否存在以FP 、FQ 为邻边的矩形FPEQ ，使得点E 在Γ上？若存在，求点P 的坐标；若不存在，说明理由． 【解析】 （1）2BF t =+； （2）223),3(2),8,,(3)31273=323p AQP Q FP y x y x x A =-==△由题意知：直线方程为联立方程得，0，S （3-）；（3）2222222228164848(20),816884484816245,,48555PF QF n n n n n F FP FQ FE n n nn n n P n →→→-++-⎛++∴⨯∴= ⎝⎭存在，，设P(,n),K =,K =,根据+=得到E(,),()=87. （本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分）给定无穷数列{}na ，若无穷数列{}nb 满足：对任意n ∈*N ，都有1n n b a -≤，则称{}n b 与{}na “接近”． （1）设{}n a 是首项为1，公比为12的等比数列，11n n b a +=+，n ∈*N ，判断数列{}nb 是否与{}na 接近，并说明理由；（2）设数列{}na 的前四项为：11a =，22a =，34a =，48a =，{}nb 是一个与{}n a 接近的数列，记集合{}|,1,2,3,4iM x x b i ===，求M 中元素的个数m ； （3）已知{}n a 是公差为d 的等差数列，若存在数列{}n b 满足：{}nb 与{}n a 接近，且在21b b -，32b b -，…，201200b b -中至少有100个为正数，求d 的取值范围． 【解析】（1）1112n n nb a -=-≤，所以{}n b 与{}na “接近”；（2）[]10,2b ∈，[]21,3b ∈，[]33,5b ∈，[]47,9b ∈，{}|,1,2,3,4iM x x b i ===元素个数34m =或；（3）2d =-时，10,1,2,,200k k bb k +-≤=，即21b b -，32b b -，…，201200bb -中没有正数；当2d >-时，存在12201,,,b b b 使得210b b ->，320b b -<，430b b ->，540b b -<…，2001990b b ->，2012000bb -<，即有100个正数，故2d >-．。
上海秋考数学高考试卷精校版 解析版
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 上海 数学试卷一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，第1-6题每题4分，第7-12题每题5分） 1. 行列式4125的值为 ． 【解析】18．2. 双曲线2214x y -=的渐近线方程为 ．【解析】让2204x y -=解得12y x =±．3. 在()71x +的二项展开式中，2x 项的系数为 ．【解析】227,C x 根据通项公式计算21．4. 设常数a ∈R ，函数()()2log f x x a =+．若()f x 的反函数的图像经过点()3,1，则a = ．【解析】2(1)log (1)3f a =+=，a =7． 5. 已知复数z 满足()()117i z ii +=-是虚数单位，则z= ．【解析】|(1)||1||||17|i z i z i +=+=-，z =5．6. 记等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ．若30a =，6714a a +=，则7S = ．【解析】1171204,211142a d a S a d d ⎧+==-⎧⇒∴=⎨⎨+==⎩⎩14．7. 已知112,1,,,1,2,322α⎧⎫∈---⎨⎬⎩⎭．若幂函数()f x x α=为奇函数，且在()0,+∞上递减，则α= ．【解析】按定义，数形结合即可的为1-．8. 在平面直角坐标系中，已知点()1,0A -、()2,0B ，E 、F 是y 轴上的两个动点，且2EF =u u u r，则AE BF ⋅u u u r u u u r 的最小值为 ．【解析】2222(1)3AE BD t t t →→•=+-=+-设E(0,t)，F(0,t+2)则，最小值为3-．9. 有编号互不相同的五个砝码，其中5克、3克、1克砝码各一个，2克砝码两个．从中随机选取三个，则这三个砝码的总质量为9克的概率是 ． 【解析】252P C ==枚举法，15． 10. 设等比数列{}n a 的通项公式为()1*1n n a a q n -=∈N ，前n 项和为n S ．若11lim2n n n S a →∞+=，则q = ．【解析】111lim nn n S q a →∞+=o讨论：当时，不存在，舍去111-121lim =lim 1n n n n n n n S q q a q q q +→∞→∞+-≠--o当时，=，3q =． 11. 已知常数0a >，函数()22x x f x ax =+的图像经过点61,,55P p Q q ⎛⎫⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭、．若236p q pq+=，则a = ．【解析】22625260226202125p pp p q q qq ap ap a pq aq aq⎧=⎪⎧++=⎪⇒⇒•=⎨⎨⨯+=⎩⎪=-⎪+⎩ 2236,36,0,p q pq a a +=∴=>∴又且6a =．12. 22111x y +=，22221x y +=，12120.5x x y y +=的最大值为 ．【解析】2211221,(,),(,)x y P x y Q x y +=建立单位圆的方程：设10x y +-=的距离之和=60?POQ OP OQ y x POQ ∴=当和关于直线对称时，距离之和最大，此时∠，△为正三角形，OH OD ==∴易知最大值为+二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分，每题5分）13. 设P 是椭圆22153x y +=上的动点，则P 到该椭圆的两个焦点的距离之和为（ ）． （A） （B） （C） （D）【解析】根据定义计算即可，选择C14. 已知a ∈R ，则“1a >”是“11a<”的（ ）．（A ）充分非必要条件 （B ）必要非充分条件 （C ）充要条件 （D ）既非充分又非必要条件【解析】可以选取特殊值，易知选择A15. 《九章算术》中，称底面为矩形而有一侧棱垂直于底面的四棱锥为阳马．设1AA 是正六棱柱的一条侧棱，如图，若阳马以该正六棱柱的顶点为顶点，以1AA 为底面矩形的一边，则这样的阳马的个数是（ ）． （A ）4 （B ）8 （C ）12 （D ）16【解析】准去理解阳马定义，数形结合上下各8个，所以选择D16. 设D 是含数1的有限实数集，()f x 是定义在D 上的函数．若()f x 的图像绕原点逆时针旋转6π后与原图像重合，则在以下各项中，()1f 的可能取值只能是（ ）． （A（B（C（D ）0【解析】理解函数定义中一个x 只能对应一个y ，选择B三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）17. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）已知圆锥的顶点为P ，底面圆心为O ，半径为2， （1）设圆锥的母线长为4，求圆锥的体积；（2）设4PO =，OA OB 、是底面半径，且90AOB ∠=o ，M 为线段AB 的中点，如图，求异面直线PM 与OB 所成的角的大小． 【解析】（1）143V π=⨯⨯=；（2）OA 取中点为N ，即∠PMN 即为所求角，MN=1，18. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）设常数a ∈R ，函数()2sin 22cos f x a x x =+． （1）若()f x 为偶函数，求a 的值；（2）若14f π⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，求方程()1f x =[],ππ-上的解．【解析】A 1AO MPBA（1）0a =； （2）2()sin2cos 11,424f a a a πππ=+=+=∴=2()22cos 2sin(2)16f x x x x π=+=++又()1sin(2)[,])62f x x x πππ=-+=-∈-又，所以115131924242424x ππππ=--、、、．19. （本题满分14分，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分）某群体的人均通勤时间，是指单日内该群体中成员从居住地到工作地的平均用时．某地上班族S 中的成员仅以自驾或公交方式通勤．分析显示：当S 中()%0100x x <<的成员自驾时，自驾群体的人均通勤时间为：()()30,0301800290,30100x f x x x x <≤⎧⎪=⎨+-<<⎪⎩单位：分钟， 而公交群体的人均通勤时间不受x 影响，恒为40分钟．试根据上述分析结果回答下列问题： （1）当x 在什么范围时，公交群体的人均通勤时间少于自驾群体的人均通勤时间？（2）求该地上班族S 的人均通勤时间()g x 的表达式；讨论()g x 的单调性，并说明其实际意义．【解析】（1）45100x <<；（2）()240,0301011358,301005010x x g x x x x ⎧-<≤⎪⎪=⎨⎪-+<<⎪⎩，()g x 在(]0,32.5x ∈时单调递减，在[)32.5,100x ∈时单调递增．实际意义为：当S 中32.5%的成员自驾时，该地上班族S 的人均通勤时间达到最小值分钟．20. （本题满分16分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分）设常数2t >，在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，已知点()2,0F ，直线l ：x t =，曲线Γ：28y x =()0,0x t y ≤≤≥，l 与x 轴交于点A 、与Γ交于点B ，P 、Q 分别是曲线Γ与线段AB 上的动点． （1）用t 表示点B 到点F 的距离；（2）设3t =，2FQ =，线段OQ 的中点在直线FP 上，求△AQP 的面积；（3）设8t =，是否存在以FP 、FQ 为邻边的矩形FPEQ ，使得点E 在Γ上？若存在，求点P 的坐标；若不存在，说明理由．【解析】（1）2BF t =+；（2）222),8,,(3)312=236p AQP Q FP y x y x x A =-==△由题意知：直线方程为联立方程得，0，S （3-）=；（3）2222222228164848(20),8168844848162,4855PF QF n n n n n F FP FQ FE n n nn n n P n →→→-++-⎛++∴⨯∴= ⎝⎭存在，，设P(,n),K =,K =,根据+=得到E(,),()=821. （本题满分18分，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分）给定无穷数列{}n a ，若无穷数列{}n b 满足：对任意n ∈*N ，都有1n n b a -≤，则称{}n b 与{}n a “接近”． （1）设{}n a 是首项为1，公比为12的等比数列，11n n b a +=+，n ∈*N ，判断数列{}n b 是否与{}n a 接近，并说明理由； （2）设数列{}n a 的前四项为：11a =，22a =，34a =，48a =，{}n b 是一个与{}n a 接近的数列，记集合{}|,1,2,3,4i M x x b i ===，求M 中元素的个数m ；（3）已知{}n a 是公差为d 的等差数列，若存在数列{}n b 满足：{}n b 与{}n a 接近，且在21b b -，32b b -，…，201200b b -中至少有100个为正数，求d 的取值范围．【解析】（1）1112n n nb a -=-≤，所以{}n b 与{}n a “接近”； （2）[]10,2b ∈，[]21,3b ∈，[]33,5b ∈，[]47,9b ∈，{}|,1,2,3,4i M x x b i ===元素个数34m =或；（3）2d =-时，10,1,2,,200k k b b k +-≤=L ，即21b b -，32b b -，…，201200b b -中没有正数；当2d >-时，存在12201,,,b b b L 使得210b b ->，320b b -<，430b b ->，540b b -<…，2001990b b ->，2012000b b -<，即有100个正数，故2d >-．。
上海名校语文试卷--2018学年宝山区上大附高一第一学期语文月考 试卷 答案解析.
上海大学附属中学2018学年第一学期9月诊断测试高一语文（满分 100分完成时间 120分钟）一、积累运用 10分1.按要求填空（6分）（1）居高声自远。
(虞世南《蝉》)（2）、问苍茫大地，谁主沉浮？（毛泽东《沁园春·长沙》）（3），白露未晞。
(《诗经·_______·蒹葭》)（4）《关雎》一诗中运用比兴的句子是： , 。
【考点】再现古诗文中的名篇、名句。
【解析】论语识记理解。
【答案】（1）非是藉秋风。
（2）怅寥廓（3）蒹葭萋萋（4）关关雎鸠，在河之洲。
2.按要求选择。
（4分）（1）下列选项不属于“五经”的典籍的是（）（2分）A．周易 B.左传 C.春秋 D.尚书【考点】掌握课文涉及的重要作家、作品及与之相关的文学常识、文化常识。
【解析】课外文学常识识记：五经指《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《春秋》《周易》。
而《左传》是为春秋做注解的一部史书，与《公羊传》、《谷梁传》合称“春秋三传”。
【答案】B（2）阅读下文，依次最适合填入横线上的选项是（）（2分）①船头破浪高仰，滚白浪花如千军万马在船前_____________,港口长堤若一道黑线隐隐浮现浪缘。
（廖鸿基《铁鱼》）②骇浪撞击小径边的礁岩，轰隆隆的海震声，淹没了父子奔跑的惊恐脉搏，骤雨狂下，浪沫_____________，一切的一切，是台风迅雷不及掩耳的，好似是从岛屿海底倏地抜葱的不发一丁点的警示的感觉。
(夏曼蓝波安《天空的眼睛》)③妈妈去世后，他（爸爸）言语更少，近乎沉默，正似从汹涌的巨流河冲进了哑口海——台湾极南端鹅銮鼻灯塔左侧，有小小一泓海湾，名为哑口海，太平洋奔腾的波涛冲进此湾，仿佛_____________,发不出怒涛的声音。
《齐邦媛《巨流河》》A．灰飞烟灭/狂飞八方/江河日下 B .灰飞烟灭/起伏有致/销声匿迹C . 崩裂坍塌/起伏有致/江河日下 D.崩裂坍塌/狂飞八方/销声匿迹【考点】根据语境，使用语文知识进行判断。
上海大学北附属中学2019年高三9月抽考-数学
上海大学北附属中学2019年高三9月抽考-数学高三数学试卷〔2018.9〕答题时间：120分钟总分值：150分一. 填空题〔本大题总分值56分〕 1. 不等式1213x x -≤+的解集是________________.2. 函数y 的定义域是________________.3. 函数()f x 对任意实数x 、y 满足()()()f xy f x f y =+，假设()2f a =，()3f b =，那么用a 、b 表示()108f =____________. 4. 正数x 、y 满足21x y +=，那么14x y+的最小值为____________.5. 假设()f x 是定义在R 上的减函数，且其图像经过点()0,3A 、()3,1B -，那么不等式()112f x +-<的解集为____________.6.()f x 是定义在R 上的奇函数，且以3为周期，假设()11f >，()2321a f a +=-，那么实数a 的取值范围是_______________.7. 函数2y =的最小值为______________.8. 方程247230x x ⋅-⋅+=的解为_________________. 9. 实数0a ≠，函数()2,12,1x a x f x x a x +<⎧=⎨--≥⎩，假设()()11f a f a -=+，那么a 的值为____.10. 函数()y f x =的图像是圆心在原点的单位圆的两段弧〔如图〕，那么不等式()()2f x f x x <-+的解集是________.11. 设()f x 是定义在R 上的偶函数，且3122f x f x ⎛⎫⎛⎫-=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭恒成立，当[]2,3x ∈时，()f x x =，那么当[]2,0x ∈-时，()f x =__________.12. ()[]3,92,log 1f x x x ∈=+，那么函数()()22y f x f x =+⎡⎤⎣⎦的值域为_____________. 13. 假设关于x 的方程()()()lg 1lg 3lg x x a x -+-=-有两个不同的实数解，那么实数a 的取值范围是______________.14. 函数()12x f x ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭的图像与函数()g x 的图像关于直线y x =对称，令()()1h x g x =-，那么关于函数()h x 有以下命题：○1()h x 的图像关于原点对称；○2()h x 为偶函数；○3()h x的最小值为0；○4()h x 在()0,1上为减函数.其中正确命题的序号是_______________.〔将所有正确命题的序号都填上〕二. 选择题〔本大题总分值16分〕15. 设函数()()f x x ∈R 满足()()f x f x -=，()()2f x f x +=，那么()f x 的图像可能是()16. 设函数()122,11log ,1x x f x x x -⎧≤=⎨->⎩，那么满足()2f x ≤的x 的取值范围是()〔A 〕[]1,2- 〔B 〕[]0,2 〔C 〕[)1,+∞ 〔D 〕[)0,+∞ 17. 假设关于x 的不等式22x x a <--至少有一个负根，那么实数a 的取值范围是()〔A 〕5,24⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭〔B 〕7,24⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭〔C 〕9,24⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭〔D 〕7,34⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭18. 对于函数()()sin ,,f x a x bx c a b c =++∈∈R Z ，选取a ，b ，c 的一组值计算()1f 和()1f -，所得出的正确结果一定不可能是〔〕〔A 〕4和6 〔B 〕3和1 〔C 〕2和4 〔D 〕1和2三. 解答题〔本大题总分值78分〕 19. 〔此题总分值15分〕{}24,21,A a a =--，{}5,1,9B a a =--（1） 假设{}9A B ⋂=，求A B ⋃；（2） 是否存在实数a 使得集合A B ⋃中的元素个数为4个？假设存在，求出所有的实数a ；假设不存在，说明理由.20. 〔此题总分值15分〕解关于x 的不等式：11x a x >+-.21. 〔此题总分值16分〕提高过江大桥的车辆通行能力可改善整个城市的交通状况。
上海大学《离散数学》2018-2019学年第一学期期末试卷
上海大学2018— 2019学年第 1 学期《离散数学》期末考试试卷一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1. 下列集合关于数的加法和乘法运算不能构成环的是（ ）A.自然数集合；B.整数集合；C.有理数集合；D.实数集合。
2. 设I 为整数集合，则下列集合关于数的加法运算不能构成独异点的是（ ）A.I ；B.{2|}k k I ∈；C.{21|}k k I +∈；D.{35|,}m n m n I +∈。
3. 设6{0,1,,5}N =L ，6+为模6加法，则下列元素是66,N <+>的生成元的是（ ）A.2；B.3；C.4；D.5。
4. 设>⨯+<,,F 是整环，则>⨯+<,,F 不一定是（ ）A.可交换环；B.无零因子环；C.含么环；D.域。
5. 格不一定具有（ ）A.交换律；B.结合律；C.分配律；D.吸收律。
6. 设{1,2,4,8}S =，o 和*分别表示求最小公倍数和最大公约数运算，则,,S <*>o 是（ ）A.有补格；B.分配格；C.有补分配格；D.布尔代数。
7. 一个含4个结点的无向图中有3个结点的度数分别为1,2,3，则第4个结点的度数不可能是（ ）A.0；B.1；C.2；D.4。
8. 设连通的简单平面图G 中有10条边和5个面，则G 的结点数为（ ）A.6；B.7；C.8；D.9。
9. 设无向树T 中有1个结点度数为2，2个结点度数为3，3个结点度数为4，则T 中的树叶数为（ ）A.10；B.11；C.12；D.13。
10.设G 为连通的无向图，若G 仅有2个结点的度数是奇数，则G 一定具有（ ）A 、欧拉路径；B 、欧拉回路；C 、哈密尔顿路径；D 、哈密尔顿回路。
二、填空题（每小空2分，共20分）1. 设R 为实数集合，{|01}S x x R x =∈∧≤≤，则在代数,max S <>中，S 关于max 运算的么元是＿ ＿＿，零元是＿ ＿＿。
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上海大学继续教育学院试卷
课程名称：公关口才（A卷）适用专业: 全校选修
2018年—2019年学年度第秋季学期任课教师：李梁姓名:___________学号: 成绩：
一、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分）
1、口才
2、逻辑
3、双关法
4、接近语言
二、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题10分，共40分）
5、公关口才的基本功能
6、从叙述的目的要求上分，叙述式有哪几种？
7、幽默语言的表达方法
8、体态语言的作用
三、举例说明题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）
9、对一般认识但无思想交流的人的接近语言
10、对一些违反原则的请求、要求或礼物的拒绝语言
四、案例分析与综合应用题（本大题共1小题，共20分）
11、请应用公关口才的衡量标准分析以下杨利伟在不同场合针对不同听众的口才应对。
2003年10月15日——一个历史性的时刻！中国首次进行载人航天飞行。
作为中国首位叩访太空的宇航员，杨利伟15日凌晨，在酒泉卫星发射中心首次亮相时说：“我在这里想对祖国说，感谢祖国和人民对我的培养和信任。
我一定
不辜负祖国和人民的重托。
”
出征前受到国家主席胡锦涛接见时，杨利伟说：“我要聚精会神做好每一个动作，决不辜负祖国和人民的期望。
”
进入太空后，杨利伟对地面说的第一句话：“我感觉良好。
”
飞船运行到第七圈，杨利伟从距地球343公里的轨道发出的问候（同时展示国旗和联合国会旗）：“向世界各国人民问好，向在太空中工作的同行们问好，向祖国人民问好，向港澳同胞、台湾同胞、海外侨胞问好，感谢全国人民的关怀。
” 15日晚间，杨利伟与家人通电话：“景色非常美！”——对妻子发出的只有航天员才能有的感慨。
“味道好极了！”——杨利伟对儿子发表自己对航天食品的看法。
“我看到我们美丽的家了，非常好！”——杨利伟向家人描述从太空看地球的感受。
16日晨，飞船顺利着陆，杨利伟回应温家宝总理的问候：“我很有力！”
迈出舱门时，面对欢呼的人群，他说的第一句话：“这是祖国历史上辉煌的一页，也是我生命中最伟大的一天。
”
接受完身体检查，即将登上前往北京的飞机时，杨利伟面对众多的媒体用三句话总结了自己21小时的“太空之旅”：“飞船运行正常，我自我感觉良好，我为祖国感到骄傲。
”。