最新2015年英语专业四级真题Grammar_参考答案及解析

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2015专四真题及答案解析(高清详细版)

PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage，the man worked to earn money for the family。

/ The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband。

/ In recent years，many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind。

/ Some people are happy with it。

But others think differently。

/There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices。

/ They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home。

/ A second difference is that，within marriage many decisions are shared。

/ If a couple has children，the man may take care of them /some of the time，all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work。

/ Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开,第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色,而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述.因此,第一段用到了过去时，而第二段则完全使用现在时。

2015年英语专业四级真题及答案解析

2015年英语专业四级真题及答案解析(1/1)PART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutePlay00:0010:21Volume_______________下一题(1~3/共10题)Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Sections A、B and C you will hear everything once only.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:0001:53Volume第1题Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A.The return trip is too expensive.B.There is no technology to get people back.C.People don´t want to return.D.The return trip is too risky.第2题According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A.Intelligence.B.Health.C.Skills.D.Calmness.第3题What is the last part of the conversation about?A.The kind of people suitable for the trip.B.Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C.Recruitment of people for the trip.D.Preparation for the trip to Mars.上一题下一题(4~6/共10题)Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Sections A、B and C you will hear everything once only.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:0001:35Volume第4题What is the conversation mainly about?A.How to avoid clashes of exams.B.How to schedule exams.C.How to use the faculty lounge.D.How to choose the courses.第5题What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A.To choose a date on the draft schedule.B.To find the information on the bulletin board.C.To draw up the final schedule.D.To arrange an invigilator.第6题According to the conversation, the Dean willA.sign the sheet in the faculty lounge.B.take care of the bulletin board.C.consult the students.D.finalize the exam schedule.上一题下一题(7~10/共10题)Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Sections A、B and C you will hear everything once only.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:0001:35Volume第7题What is showrooming?A.Going to the high street.B.Visiting everyday shops.C.Buying things like electrical goods.D.Visiting shops and buying online.第8题According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA.shoes.B.CDs.C.camera.D.food.第9题According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmas shopping wasA.3%.B.33%.C.42%.D.24%.第10题One reason for people to showroom is that theyA.want to know more about pricing.B.can return the product later.C.want to see the real thing first.D.can bargain for a lower shop price.上一题下一题(11~13/共10题)SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:0001:44Volume第11题Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A.New York.B.San Francisco.C.Boston.D.San Diego.第12题The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts______tourists a year.A.20,000B.100,000C.7 millionD.17 million第13题Where can tourists see the fish markets?A.In Stockton Street.B.In Grant Avenue.C.In Portsmouth Square.D.In Bush Street.上一题下一题(14~16/共10题)SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:0001:41Volume第14题According to a number of students, ______is the main factor for early-age smoking.A.genderB.personalityC.environmentD.money第15题Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B.Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C.Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D.Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.第16题All the following are features of smokers EXCEPTA.strong peer influence.B.low sense of achievement.C.high sense of rebellion.D.close family relationship.上一题下一题(17~20/共10题)SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第17题Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Obesity can damage one´s health.B.Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C.Obesity is directly related to one´s habit.D.Obesity has affected both boys and girls.第18题The purpose of the three-year study is to______.A.find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB.learn more about the link between sleep and weightC.identify the ways parents reduce their kids´ weightD.see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period第19题According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around______hours.A.8B.9C.10D.11第20题According to the passage, obesity is most likely related toA.sleep time.B.gender.C.race.D.parents.上一题下一题(1/10)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section,you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第21题The U. N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPTA.the use of force by European Union troops.B.the suspension of an existing arms embargo.C.the extension of U. N. peacekeeping mission.D.the ban on travel and freeze of assets.上一题下一题(2/10)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section,you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第22题What is the news mainly about?A.Causes of early death in Russia.B.Behavior of alcoholics.C.Causes of alcohol poisoning.D.Number of death over 10 years.上一题下一题(23~24/共10题)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section,you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第23题Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A.The school stopped providing school lunch.B.Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C.Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D.These children chose to have something different.第24题How did parents react to the school´s way of handling the situation?A.They were upset.B.They were furious.C.They were surprised.D.They were sad.上一题下一题(25~26/共10题)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section,you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第25题According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A.Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B.Guests can go direct to their rooms.C.Guests can check out any time.D.Guests can make room reservations.第26题The hotel company intends to have the system in______of its hotels in the next three months.A.2B.3C.100D.150上一题下一题(27~28/共10题)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section,you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第27题According to the court ruling, Shrien DewaniA.will return to the U. K. for medical treatment.B.will remain in South Africa for medical treatment.C.will stand trial in South Africa once proved fit.D.will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial.第28题What was Dewani accused of?A.Having his wife killed.B.Killing his wife in the U. K.C.Being involved in a taxi accident.D.Hiring a crew of hit men.上一题下一题(29~30/共10题)SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section,you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Play00:00…Volume第29题The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 wasA.￡945B.￡1.07 billion.C.￡500,000D.￡87,000第30题Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain becauseA.the UK is a good film location.B.the cast usually comes from Britain.C.Hollywood emphasizes quality.D.production cost can be reduced.上一题下一题(31~50/共20题)PART ⅢCLOZEDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays__31__we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and__32__ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the__33__of every modern city. In the home, many__34__devices are powered by electricity.__35__when we turn off the bedside lamp and are__36__ asleep, electricity is working for us,__37__our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely__38__ to consider why or how they run—__39__something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something__40__go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a__41__. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark,__42__to do anything: lifts stopped working, so that__43__ you were lucky enough not to be__44__between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down__45__ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n)__46__ became as gloomy and uninviting__47__ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses,__48__ although the police had been ordered to__49__ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and__50__ as anybody else.第31题A.soB.asC.thusD.that第32题A.carB.truckC.trafficD.pedestrians第33题A.appearanceB.characterC.distinctionD.surface第34题bour-savingB.time-savingC.energy-savingD.money-saving第35题A.OnlyB.RarelyC.EvenD.Frequently第36题A.quiteB.fastD.quickly第37题A.movingB.startingC.repairingD.driving第38题A.troubleB.botherC.hesitateD.remember 第39题A.whenB.ifC.untilD.after第40题A.wouldB.didC.couldD.should第41题A.standstillB.terminalC.breakdownD.pause第42题A.incompetentB.powerlessC.hesitantD.helpless第43题A.althoughB.whenC.asD.even if第44题A.lockedB.placedC.positionedD.trapped第45题A.stepsC.flightsD.floors第46题A.instantB.timeC.pointD.minute第47题A.likeB.thanC.forD.as第48题A.forB.andC.butD.or第49题A.stand asideB.stand downC.stand byD.stand in第50题A.helplessB.aimlessC.unfocusedD.undecided上一题下一题(1/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第51题When you have finished with that book, don´t forget to put it back on the shelf, ______?A.don´t youB.do youC.will youD.won´t you上一题下一题(2/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第52题Mary is______hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.B.no moreC.not lessD.no so上一题下一题(3/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第53题Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A.Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B.Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C.Either my sister or my brother is coming.D.Five miles seem like a long walk to me.上一题下一题(4/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第54题Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A.My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B.I´ll give it to you after I return.C.What is the matter with you?D.London stands on the River Thames.上一题下一题(5/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第55题It is not so much the language______the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A.butB.norC.likeD.as上一题下一题(6/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第56题There is no doubt______the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A.whyB.thatC.whetherD.when上一题下一题(7/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第57题All the President´s Men______one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal.A.remainsB.remainedC.remainD.is remaining上一题下一题(8/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第58题If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he______able to advise you much better than I can.A.will beB.wasC.would beD.were上一题下一题(9/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第59题Which of the following is a stative verb(静态动词)?A.Drink.B.Close.C.Rain.D.Belong.上一题下一题(10/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第60题Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A.The man has a large family to support.B.She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C.He was the last guest to leave.D.Mary needs a friend to talk to.上一题下一题(11/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第61题The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPTA.Bob did this.B.Bob did so.C.Bob did that.D.Bob did.上一题下一题(12/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第62题Which of the following is INCORRECT?A.Another two girls.B.Few words.C.This work.D.A bit of flowers.上一题下一题(13/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第63题Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A.What will you do when you graduate?B.They will be home by now.C.Who will go with me?D.Why will you go there alone?上一题下一题(14/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第64题When one has good health, ______should feel fortunate.A.youB.sheC.heD.we上一题下一题(15/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第65题There______nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.B.to have beenC.beD.being上一题下一题(16/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第66题Two of her brothers were______during the Second World War.A.called upB.called onC.called forD.called out上一题下一题(17/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第67题Bottles from this region sell______at about $50 a case.A.entirelyB.totallyC.wholesaleD.together上一题下一题(18/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第68题The product contains no______colours, flavours, or preservatives.A.fakeB.artificialC.falseD.wrong上一题下一题(19/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第69题Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part is closest in meaning toA.cheerfully.B.wholeheartedly.C.politely.上一题下一题(20/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第70题______and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.A.CivilB.CivilizedC.CivilianD.Civic上一题下一题(21/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第71题The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. The underlined part meansA.calm.B.relieve.fort.D.still.上一题下一题(22/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第72题His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined part means all the following EXCEPTA.improved.B.made up for.C.balanced.pensated for.上一题下一题(23/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第73题The doctor said that the gash in his cheek required ten stitches. The underlined part meansA.lump.B.depression.C.swelling.D.cut.上一题下一题(24/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第74题During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and______workers.y offy intoy downy aside上一题下一题(25/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第75题The university consistendy receives a high______for the quality of its teaching and research.A.standardB.evaluationC.ratingment上一题下一题(26/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第76题To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part meansA.signify.B.celebrate.C.symbolize.D.suggest.上一题下一题(27/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第77题His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part meansA.abundant.B.unbelievable.C.productive.D.generative.上一题下一题(28/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one wordor phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第78题The local newspaper has a______of 100,000 copies a day.A.spreadB.circulationC.motionD.flow上一题下一题(29/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第79题These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part meansA.eventually.B.subsequently.stly.D.fully.上一题下一题(30/30)PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A、B、C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.第80题A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store. The underlined part meansA.distributing.B.handling.C.dividing.D.arranging.上一题下一题(81~85/共20题)PART V READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are several reading passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.Inundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our heads, we´re increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you´re looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory—and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available—is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don´t know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on,we don´t remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers´ final observation: the expectation that we´ll be able to locate information down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we´ll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can´t be Googled as we go: they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia—meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren´t over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can´t Google context.Last, there´s the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines will fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend. " If you´re going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it´s fully charged.第81题Google´s eyeglasses are supposed toA.improve our memory.B.function like memory.C.help us see faces better.D.work like smart phones.第82题According to the passage, "cognitive habits" refers toA.how we deal with information.B.functions of human memory.C.the amount of information.D.the availability of information.第83题Which of the following statements about Sparrow´s research is CORRECT?A.We remember people and things as much as before.B.We remember more Internet connections than before.C.We pay equal attention to location and content of information.D.We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.第84题What does the author mean by "context"?A.It refers to long-term memory.B.It refers to a new situation.C.It refers to a store of knowledge.D.It refers to the search engine.第85题What is the implied message of the author?A.Web connections aid our memory.B.People differ in what to remember.C.People keep memory on smart phones.。

2015年英语专四考试真题与答案解析

2015英语专四考试真题及答案2015年专业四级答案PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and herhusband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

2015年专四真题及详解

2015 英语专业四级真题及答案解析TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015)-GRADE FOUR -TIME LIMIT 130 MINPART I DICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, which intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on Answer Sheet One..PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Section A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversation. Listen to the conversation carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1. Why is the trip to Mars a one -way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don ' t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Question 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceQuestion 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passage. Listen to the passage carefully and then answer the questions that following.Question 11 to 13 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Question 14 to 17 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one ' s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one ' s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids ' weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsQuestion 18 to 20 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early -age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early -age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Question 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school ' s way of handling the situation?A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.Question 23 to 24 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ___ of its hotels in the next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150Question 25 to 26 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men.Question17 is based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.27. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsQuestion 28 is based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.28. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.Question 29 and 30 are based on the following news . At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. The total investment in film -making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. £ 945 millionB. £ 1.07 billion£ 500,000C.D. £ 87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___.A. The UK is a good film locationB. The cast usually comes from BritainC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 31 ___ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and32 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 33 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 34 ___ devices are powered by electricity. 35 ___ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 36 ___ asleep, electricity is working for us, 37 ___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air -conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 ___ to consider why or how they run ——39 ___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 40 __ go wrong with the power -plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41 ___. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 42 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 43 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 44. ___ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 46 ___ became as gloomy and uninviting 47 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, 48 ___ . although the police had been ordered to 49 ___ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and50 ___ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money -saving B. time -saving C . energy-saving D. labor -saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D . standstill42. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four works ,phrases or statements marked A,B,C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentences.Mark your answer on Answer Sheet Two.51. When you have finished with that book, don ' t forget to put it back on the shelf, ___ ?A. don ' t youB. do youC. will youD. won ' t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I ' ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language __ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt __ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President 's Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you much better than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb （静态动词）?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject -verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to ___?Who told the news EtoXtCheEPteTac_h_er?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. W hen one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There __ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ___ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no __ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi -final with good grace. The underlined part is closest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road- building programme to ease congestion. The underlined part means __ ___.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined part means all the following EXCEPT ________________ .A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ___ .A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ___ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. standardB. evaluationC. ratingD. comment76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ __ .A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store. The underlined part means _____.A.distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.Text AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory - and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll be able to locate inf -ordination down theline leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long -term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines fail us. As Sparrow puts it,"The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.81. Google ' s eyeglasses are supposed to _ __.[A] improve our memory[B] function like memory[C] help us see faces better[D] work like smart phones82. According to the passage, —cognitive habits II refers to ____ .[A] how we deal with information[B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information[D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow 's research is CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D] We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. What does the author mean by —context I ?[A] It refers to long -term memory.[B] It refers to a new situation.[C] It refers to a store of knowledge.[D] It refers to the search engine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A] Web connections aid our memory.[B] People differ in what to remember.[C] People keep memory on smart phones.[D] People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident （the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself）. In addition there were two interns（住院实习医生）. These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71 -year-old Mr. Adams ，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting （喘气）. He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, buthis temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room. When we arrived, he was motionless. The autopsy （尸体解剖） later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism （肺部栓塞）. A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A] He himself wanted to have practice.[B] Students of all majors had to do so.[C] It was part of his medical training.[D] He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author ' s team members had __.[A] much practical experience[B] adequate knowledge[C] long been working there[D] some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attentionEXCEPT[A] moving difficulty[B] steady temperature[C] faster heart rate[D] breathing problem89. —His symptoms had been textbook II means that his symptoms were _____ .[A] part of the textbook[B] no longer in the textbook[C] recently included in the textbook[D] explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A] optimism[B] hesitation[C] concern[D] supportTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories- but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti -smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke -free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price -sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low -tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti -smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including. [C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ ___ .[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT __ .[A] rejecting by the public[B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti -smoking campaigns[D] anti -smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ _ .[A] is unfair to the poor[B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue[D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?[A] How to stage anti -smoking campaigns.。

15年专四真题

15年专四真题15年专四真题PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ___C___?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you52. Mary is ___A___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? 答案：DA. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense? 答案：BA. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language __D____ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A. ButB. NorC. LikeD. as56. There is no doubt ___B___ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. WhyB. ThatC. WhetherD. when57. All the President’s Men ___A___ one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainsB. RemainedC. Remain,,,,,D. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___C___ able to advise you much better than I can.A. will be......B. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)? 答案：DA. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation? 答案： CA. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The fol lowing are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?” EXCEPT __B____?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT? 答案：DA. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This wordD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness? 答案： BA. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, __C____ should feel fortunateA.youB. SheC. heD. we65. There __D____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenD. being66. Two of her brothers were __A__ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __C____ at about $50 a case.A. EntirelyB. TotallyC. WholesaleD. together68. The product contains no __B____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. FakeB. ArtificialC. FalseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part is closest in meaning to ___C___.A. CheerfullyB. WholeheartedlyC. PolitelyD. quietly70. __C____ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. Civilian71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. The underlined part means __B____.A. CalmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined part means all the following EXCEPT ___A___.A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means __D____.A. LumpB. DepressionC. swellingD. Cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and ___A___ workers.A. lay offB. lay into C . lay down D. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __C____ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. StandardB. EvaluationC. RatingD. comment76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __B____.A. SignifyB. CelebrateC. SymbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means __C____.A. AbundantB. UnbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___B___ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. Flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means ___D___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store. The underlined part means ___A___. A. distributing B. handling C. dividing D. arrangin。

2015英语专四真题及答案

DictationMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.Listening ComprehensionSection A ConversationConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don ' t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. Food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed whileChristmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceConversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSection B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one 's health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one 's habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is toA. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids ' weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___________ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to ___ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. ParentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, ___ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. Money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSection C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school 's way of handling the situation?A. They were upset.B. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ____ of its hotels inthe next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani ____ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being invo Ived in a taxi accide nt.D. Hiri ng a crew of hit men.News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the followi ng EXCEPT _____ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol pois oning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was _____ .A. .945 millionB. 1.07 billio nC. 500,000D. 87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Brita in because ___A. The UK is a good film locati onB. The cast usually comes from Britai nC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Product ion cost can be reducedCloseElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much take n for gran ted nowadays31 we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and 32 to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 33 of every modern city. In the home, many 34 devices are powered by electricity. 35 when we turn off the bedside lamp and are36 asleep, electricity is working for us, 37our refrigerators, heating our water, or keep ing our rooms air-c on diti on ed. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 to consider why or how they run 39 something goes wrong. In the summer of 1959, something 40 go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark42 to do anything; liftsstopped work ing, so that 43 you were lucky eno ugh not to be 44 betwee n two floors youhad the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 46 became as gloomy and uninviting 47 the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, 48 although thepolice had bee n ordered to 49 in case of emerge ncy, they were just as con fused andGrammar and vocabulary51. When you have finished with that book,don' t forget to pUback on the shelf,?A. will youB. do youC. don 'youD. won 'you52. Mary is ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no soB. no moreC. not lessD. no less53. Which of the followi ng stateme nts is in correct?A. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is coming.D. Only one out of six were prese nt at the meeti ng.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future ten?A. My friend teacheschemistry in a school.B. I 'll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London sta nds on the River Thames55. It is not so much the Ianguage___ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to un dersta nd.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ____ t he committee has made the right decisi on on the hous ing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. whe n57. All the Preside nt's Men _____ one of the importa nt books for the stude nts who study the Watergate Scan dal.A. remai nB. rema inedC. remai nsD. is remai ning58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ____ able to advise you much better tha n I can.A. will beB. would beC. wasD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb（静态动词）?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belo ng60. Which of the followi ng italicized parts in dicates a subject-verb relatio n?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary n eeds a frien d to talk to.61. The following are all correct responsesto Who told the news to the teacher? EXCEPT ______ .A. Bob did thatB. Bob did soC. Bob did thisD. Bob did62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. A bit of flowersB. Few wordsC. This workD. Ano ther two girls63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness ?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health,_ should feel fortunate.A. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have bee nC. beingD. be66. Two of her brothers were __ during the Second World War.A. called onB. called upC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell _ at about$50 a case.A. wholesaleB. totallyC. en tirelyD. together68. The product contains n — colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. falseC. artificialD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-finial with good grace. The underlined partis closest in meaning to ___ .A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. ____ a nd bus in ess leaders were delighted at the decisi on to hold the n ati onalmotor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. Civilia nD. Civic71. The city coun cil is pla nning a huge road-buildi ng programme to ease con gesti on. The underlined part mean ____ .A. clamB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortun ate appeara nee was offset by an attractive pers on ality. The un derl ine part means all the followi ng EXPECT ____.A. improvedB. made up forC. bala needD. compe nsated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his cheek required ten stitches. The underlinedpart mean _____ .A. lumpB. depressi onC. swelli ngD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and_ workers.A. lay intoB. lay offC. lay dow nD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high _ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. sta ndardB. evaluati onC. comme ntD. rat ing76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activitiesin cludi ng conferen ces, film shows, etc. The un derl ine part means .A. celebrateB. sig nifyC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means .A. abundantB. un believableC. productiveD. gen erative78. The local n ewspaper has a_of 100.000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulati onC. motio nD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined partmea ns .A. eve ntuallyB. subseque ntlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple pf young people were giving out leaflets in front of the departme nt store.The un derl ine part mean __ .A. distribut ingB. han dli ngC. dividi ngD. arrangingRead ing comprehe nsionTEXT AInun dated by more in formatio n tha n we can possibly hold in our heads, we are in creas in gly handing off the job of rememberi ng to search engines and smart phones. Google is eve n reportedly work ing on eyeglasses that could one day recog nize faces and supply details about whoever you are look ing at. But new research shows that outsourcing our money- and expecting that information will continually and in sta ntan eously available- is cha nging oucog nitive habits.Research con ducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assista nt professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the an swer to a questi on, we now th ink about where we can find the n earest Web conn ecti on in stead of the subject of the questi on itself. A sec ond revelati on is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we dontremember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there us the researchers final observati on: the expectati on that we'll be able to locate in formatio n down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we will be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the con text of facts: we n eed somethi ng to think and reas on about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go; they n eed to be stored i n the original hard drive, our Iong-term memory. Especially in the case of children, factual knowledge must precede skill” says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia-meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memoriz ing the n ames of the Preside nts arenover quite yet. Adults, too, n eed to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encoun ter. Youca'Google con test.Last, there's the possibility, in creas in gly terrifyi ng to con template, that our machines will fail us. As Sparrow puts it, The experienee of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend.” If you are going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure ' fully charged.81. Google'seyeglasses are supposed to ____ .A. improve our moneyB. fun cti on like memoryC. help us see faces betterD. work like smart phones82. According to the passage, cognitive habits” refers to _____ .A. how we deal with in formatio nB. functions of huma n memoryC. the amount of in formati onD. the availability of in formatio n83. Which of the followi ng stateme nts about Sparrows research is CORRECT?A. We remember people and things as much as beforeB. We remember more Internet connections tha n beforeC. We pay equal attention to location and content of informationD. We tend to remember locati on rather tha n the core of facts84. What does the author mean by con text”？A. It refers to Ion g-term memoryB. It refers to a new situati onC. It refers to a store of kno wledgeD. It refers to the search engine85. What is the implied message of the author?A. Web conn ecti ons aid our memoryB. People differ in what to rememberC. People n eed to exercise their memoryD. People keep memory on smart phonesTEXT BI was a sec on d-year medical stude nt at the uni versity, and was on my sec ond day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university ' philosophy was to get students seeing patie nts early in their educatio n. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: sec on d-year stude nts know n ext to nothing about medici ne.Assigned to my team that day was attending -a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patie nts feel they were n't in the hands of amateurs. Many atte ndings were researchers who didnthave much rece nt hospital experie nee. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a reside nt (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie likes myself). In addition, there were in terns. These guys were just as gree n as I was, but in a scarier way; they had rece ntly graduated from the medical school, so they were tech ni cally MDs.I bega n the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patie nts; later, we were to present our findings to the residents and then to the attending. I had three patie nts and the in tern had the other five-piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams, he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting. He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital sig ns and saw that his respirati on and hear rate had bee n climb ing, but his temperature was steady.It didn 'tseem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pn eum onia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on.ft 'really hot in here, Doc ” he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40am, during our team meeting, Code Blue Room 307!” blared from the loudspeaker.I froze.That was Mr. Adams s room.Whe n we arrived, he was moti onl ess.The autops（尸体解剖）later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pul monary embolism（肺部栓塞）.A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadnt read that chapter in thetextbook yet. And I was too scared, in secure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, buwhat' particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of stude nts as na?as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?A. He himself wan ted to have practiceB. Stude nts of all majors had to do soC. It was part of his medical trainingD. He was on a research team87. We lear n that the authoisteam members had _.A. some professi onal deficie ncyB. much practical experie neeC. adequate kno wledgeD. long bee n work ing there88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caughthis atte ntion EXCEPT. .A. steady temperatureB. faster heart rateC. breath ing problemD. moving difficulty89. His symptoms had been textbook means that his symptoms were __A. part of the textbookB. expla ined in the textbookC. no Ion ger in the textbookD. rece ntly in eluded in the textbook90. A t the end of the passage, the author expresses about the medical educati on system.A. optimismB. hesitati onC. supportD. concernTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades oldcounting, is one of the nation' greatest public health success stories-but not for every one.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than ten in ten do. But some states-Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama, to name just a few-seem to have missed the messagethat smok ing is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surge on Gen era' Report on Smok ing and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseaseswas major n ews the n. The hazards of smok ing were just starti ng to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually and an ti-smok ing moveme nt that shifted the n atio n' attitude on smok ing. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaura nts, bars, public buildi ngs and eve n their own workplace. Milli ons of lives have bee n saved.The formula for success is no Ion ger guesswork: Adopt tough warmi ng labels, air public service ads, fund smok ing cessati on programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to preve nt smok ing, particularly among price-se nsitive tee ns, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smok ing, youve won the war. Few people start smok ingafter tur ning 19.The real-life evide nee of tax ing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $ 2.42 on every pack-three times the average tax in the states with the highest smok ing rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the coun try, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 perce nt of tee ns smoke -ar below the n ati onal average of 18 perce nt. Compare that with Ken tucky, where taxes are low (60 cen ts), smok ing restrictio ns are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York '. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking- far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund in itiatives that help smokers quit or persuade tee ns not to start.An ti-smok ing forces have ple nty to celebrate this week, hav ing helped avoid 9 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does coun ti ng” mean in the con text?A. I ncludi ngB. Calculati ngC. Relying onD. Con ti nuing92. Accord ing to the con text, Their failure ” refers to .A. those adults who continue to smokeB. those states that missed the messageC. finding of the reportD. hazards of smok ing93. T he following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPTA. cigarette warni ng labelsB. rejectio n by the publicC. an ti-smok ing campaig nsD. an ti-smok ing legislati on94. Accord ing to the author, raisi ng tax on cigarettes .A. is un fair to the poorB. is an effective measureC. in crease public reve nueD. fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to stage an ti-smok ing campaig nsB. The effects of the report on smok ing and healthC. The efforts to cut dow n on tee nage smok ingD. Tax as the surest path to cut smok ingTEXT DAttachme nt Pare nting is not In dulge nt Pare nting. Attachme nt pare nts do no t§poil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they n eed and regardless of what is practical. I ndulge nt pare nts gives toys for tantrums（发脾气）,ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they n eed. Attachme nt pare nts believe that love and comfort are free and n ecessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment parenting is not afraid of tears' parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not man ipulatio n. And our childre n un dersta nd this too. They cry and have tan trums sometimes, of cause. But they do this becausetheir emoti ons are so overwhel ming that they need to get it out. Theydo not expect to be rewarded" for their strong n egative emoti ons; they simply expect that we will liste n. We pick up our babies whe n they cry, and we resp ond to the tears of our older childre n because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that whe n a child has n eed for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those thin gs. We are not afraid of tears. We don 'avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emoti ons.Attachment parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children. In fact, I "m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, r un, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The attachmen” comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment parenting is not Selfish Parenting. I donthover. I supervise, I follow, I teach, I dem on strate, I expla in. I don't slap curious hands away. I show how to do things safety. I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and the n with supervisi on and fin ally with trust. I don 'ti nsist that my 23 month old hold my hand where we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative thing that I hear about attachment parent§ are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment parenting. Attachment parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children n eed structure, rules, and boun daries, Attachme nt pare nts simply believe that the child and the pare nt are allies, not adversaries. And that childre n are taught, not train ed.96. What makes attachment parents different from indulgent parents is thatthey ____ .A. show more love to their childre nB. thi nk love is more importa ntC. prefer both love and toys in pare nti ngD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. Accord ing to the author, what should pare nts do when their kids cry?A. Reward ing kids with toysB. Trying to stop kids cryingC. Holding them till they stopD. Provid ing comfort and love98. What dose free-rang6' mean according to the passage?A. Willi ng to give kids freedom of moveme ntB. Ready to play games with my kidsC. Curious to watch what games they playD. Fond of provid ing a home base99. Which of the followi ng is NOT attachi ng pare nti ng?A. Fosteri ng their curiosityB. Help ing them do the right thingC. Show ing them how thi ngs are doneD. Standing by and protect ing。

2015年英语专四真题及答案解析

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015)-GRADE FOUR-PART I DICTATIONPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don 't want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop price Conversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam schedule SECTION B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street. Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one 's h. ealthB. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one 's habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids ' weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school ' s way of handling the situation?A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad. News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ___ of its hotels in the next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men.News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. £45 millionB. £.07 billionC. $00,000D. £7,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___ .A. The UK is a good film locationB. The cast usually comes from BritainC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays 31 __ _ werarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brigh tly lit,enabling people and32 ___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the 33 ___ of every modern city. In the home, many 34 ___ devices are powered by electric ity. 35 ___when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 36 ___ asleep, electricity is working for us, 37 ___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses andsubways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 ___ to consider why or how they ru—n —39___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 40 ___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41 ___. Trains refused to move a nd the people in them sat in the dark, 42 ___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that 43 _ __ you were lucky enough not to be 44. ___ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 ___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue i n a(n)46 ___ became asgloomy and uninviting 47 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their h ouses,48 ___ . although the police had been ordered to 49 ___ in case of emergency, they were just a sconfused and50 ___ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill42. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. When you have finished with that book, don ' t forget to put it back on the shelf,___ ?A. don 't youB. do youC. will youD. won' t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I 'll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language __ the cultural background that makes the filmdifficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ___ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President 's Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study theWatergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you much better thanI can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb （静态动词）?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?EXCEPT __ ___?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There __ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hourearlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ __ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no __ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part isclosest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair inthe city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. Theunderlined part means __ ___.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined partmeans all the following EXCEPT ______ .A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means .A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ __ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. standardB. evaluationC. ratingD. comment76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities includingconferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ __ .A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ____ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part meansA. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store.The underlined part means __ ___.A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arranging PART V READING COMPREHENSIONText AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about WhOeVer you're IOOk ing at. But new research shows that OutSOurC ing Our memor-a nd expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cOgnitiVe habits.Research cOnducted by Betsy SparrOw, an assistant prOfessOr Of psychOIOgy at COIumbia UniVersity, has identified three new reaIities abOut hOw we prOcess infOrmatiOn in the Internet age. First, her experiments shOwed that when we dOn't knOw the answer tO a questiOn, we nOw think abOut where we can find the nearest Web cOnnectiOn instead Of the subject Of the questiOn itseIf.A secOnd reVeIatiOn is that when we expect tO be abIe tO find infOrmatiOn again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll he able to locate inf orination down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'II be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go;they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table andmemorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.81. Google ' s eyeglasses are ossuepdp to _ __.[A] i mprove our memory [B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better [D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, “cognitive habits ” refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information [B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information [D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow ' s research is CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D] We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. What does the author mean by “ context ”?[A] It refers to long-term memory. [B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge. [D]It refers to the search engine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A] W eb connections aid our memory.[B] P eople differ in what to remember.[C] People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea,but it overlooked one detail:second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie Iike myself) .In additi On there Were two in terns 住院实习医生).TheSe guyswere just as green as I wa ，sbut in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams ，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting （喘气）. He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy （尸体解剖） later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism （肺部栓塞）. A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breathdespite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help. This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A] H e himself wanted to have practice.[B] S tudents of all majors had to do so.[C] It was part of his medical training.88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attentionEXCEPT __ __.[A]moving difficulty [B]steady temperature[C] faster heart rate [D]breathing problem89. “His symptoms had been textbook ” means that his symptoms were _ ___. [A]part of the textbook [B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook [D]explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical educationsystem.[A]optimism [B]hesitation [C]concern [D]supportTEXT C[D] He was on a researchteam.87. We learn that the author [A]much practical experience [C]long been working there ' s team members had __. [B] adequate knowledge [D]some professional deficiencyThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including. [C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ __ .[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT .[A] rejecting by the public [B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti-smoking campaigns [D] anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ _ .[A] is unfair to the poor [B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue [D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?[A] How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B] The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D] The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.TEXT DAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not "spoil" their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they n eed and regardless Of What is PraCtiCaI. I ndulge nt Pare nts give toys for tan trum发脾气）, ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they Want, they give their Children everything that they need. AttaChment Parents believe that love and Comfort are free and neCessary. Not sWeets or toys.AttaChment Parenting is not "afraid of tears" Parenting. Our kids Cry. The differenCe is that We understand that tantrums and tears Come from emotions and not maniPulation. And our Children understand this too, They Cry and have tantrums sometimes, of Course. But they do this beCause their emotions are so overWhelming that they need to get it out. They do not exPeCt to be "reWarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simPly exPeCt that We Will listen. We PiCk uP our babies When they Cry, and We resPond to the tears of our older Children beCause We believe firmly that Comfort is free, love is free, and that When a Child has need for Comfort and love, it is our job to Provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our Children through them and teaCh them that When they are hurt or frustrated We are here to Comfort them and helP them Work through their emotions.AttaChment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not Cling to my Children, In feet, I'm Pretty free-range. As soon as they Can move they usually move aWay from me and let me set uP a Chase as they CraWl, run, skiP and hoP on their merry Way to exPlore the World, Sure, I Carry them and hug them and Chase them and kiss them and roCk them and sleeP With them, But this is not me folloWing them everyWhere and Pulling them baCk to me. This is me being a home base. The "attaChment" Comes from their being alloWed to attaCh to us, not from us attaChing to them like Parental leeChes.AttaChment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless Parenting, We are not doing it for us, and We are not doing it to torment ourselves, AttaChment Parenting is not HeliCoPter Parenting. I don't hover, I suPervise, I folloW, I teaCh, I demonstrate, I exPlain. I don't slaP Curious hands aWay, I shoW hoW to do things safely, I let my Child do the things that my Child Wishes to do, first With helP and then With suPervision and finally With trust, I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand When We Walk on the sideWalk beCause I knoW that I Can reCall him With my voiCe beCause he trusts me to alloW him to exPlore and he trusts me to exPlain When something is dangerous and to helP him satisfy his Curiosities safely.Most of the negative things that I hear about "attaChment Parents" are ComPletely off-base and desCribe something that is entirely unlike AttaChment Parenting. AttaChment Parenting is Child-CentriC and foCuses on the needs of the Child. Children need struCture, rules, and boundaries. AttaChment Parents simPly believe that the Child and the Parent are allies, not adversaries, And that Children are taught, not trained.96. What makes attaChment Parents different from indulgent Parents is that they .A. shoW more love to their ChildrenB. think love is more importantC. prefer both love and toys in parentingD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?。

2015年英语专四真题及参考答案整理版

2015年英语专四真题参考答案PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happ y with it. But others think differently. / There are two major differences in male a nd female roles now. / One is that both menand women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They m ay choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at h ome / orshe may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

2015年英语专四真题及答案解析

T E S T F O R E N G L I S H M A J O R S(2015)-G R A D E F O U R-PART I DICTATIONPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about??A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming??A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPT ?A. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmasshopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceConversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean will?A. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America? ?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.?A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets??A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one’s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one’s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids’ weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school’s way of handling the situation??A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key? ?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ___ of its hotels in the next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___ .A. will return to the . for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the .C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men.News Item 427. The . new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of . peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. ￡945 millionB. ￡billionC. ￡500,000D. ￡87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___ .A. The UK is a good film locationB. The cast usually comes from BritainC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEElectricity?is?such?a?part?of?our?everyday?lives?and?so?much?taken?for?granted?nowaday s?31?___?we?rarely?think?twice?when?we?switch?on?the?light?or?turn?on?the?TV?set.?At?night,?roads? are?brightly?lit,?enabling?people?and32?___?to?move?freely.?Neon?lighting?used?in?advertising?has?beco me?part?of?the?33?___?of?every?modern?city.?In?the?home,?many?34?___?devices?are?po wered?by?electricity.?35?___?when?we?turn?off?the?bedside?lamp?and?are?36?___?asleep,?electricity?is?working?for?us, 37___ourrefrigerators,?heating?our?water,?or?keeping?our?rooms?air-conditioned.?Every?day,?trains,? buses?and?subways?take?us?to?and?from?work.?We?rarely?38?___?to?consider?why?or?how?they?run ——39?___?something?goes?wrong.?In?the?summer?of?1959,?something?40??___?go?wrong?with?the?power-plant?that?provide d?New?York?with?electricity.?For?a?great?many?hours,?life?came?almost?to?a?41?___.?Trains?refused?to moveandthepeopleinthemsatinthedark,42___todoanything;liftsstoppedwor king,?so?that?43?___?you?were?lucky?enough?not?to?be?44.?___?between?two?floors,?you?had?the?unpleasant?task?o f?finding?your?way?down?45?___?of?stairs.?Famous?streets?like?Broadway?and?Fifth?Avenue?in?a(n)?46?___?became?as?gloomy?and?uninviting?47?___?the?most?remote?back?streets.?People?were?afraid?to?leave theirhouses,48?___?.?although?the?police?had?been?ordered?to?49?___?in?case?of?emergency,?they?we re?just?as?confused?and50?___?as?anybody?else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill42. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,____?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? ?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense??A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makes the filmdifficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ____ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study theWatergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you muchbetter than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)??A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?”EXCEPT __ ___?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT???A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness??A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ____ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no ____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part isclosest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motorfair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. Theunderlined part means __ ___.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlinedpart means all the following EXCEPT ____.A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ____.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ____ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. standardB. evaluationC. ratingD. comment76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activitiesincluding conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ ____.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store.The underlined part means __ ___.A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONText AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory – and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we nowthink about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll he able to locate inf orination down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'II be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go;they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.81. Google’s eyeglasses are supposed to _ __.[A]improve our memory[B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better[D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, “cognitive habits” refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information[B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information[D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research is CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. What does the author mean by “context”?[A]It refers to long-term memory.[B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge.[D]It refers to the search engine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A]Web connections aid our memory.[B]People differ in what to remember.[C]People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea,but it overlooked one detail:second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, atleast to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the logof his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital? ?[A]He himself wanted to have practice.[B]Students of all majors had to do so.[C]It was part of his medical training.[D]He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author’s team members had __.[A]much practical experience[B]adequate knowledge[C]long been working there [D]some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught hisattention EXCEPT __ __.[A]moving difficulty [B]steady temperature[C]faster heart rate [D]breathing problem89. “His symptoms had been textbook” means that his symptoms were _ ___.[A]part of the textbook[B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook[D]explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A]optimism[B]hesitation[C]concern[D]supportTEXT C?The war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually ananti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $ on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $ per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including.[C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ _____.[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT_____.[A] rejecting by the public[B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti-smoking campaigns[D] anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ ____.[A] is unfair to the poor [B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue [D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about? ?[A] How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B] The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D] The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.TEXT DAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not "spoil" their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums(发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment Parenting is not "afraid of tears" parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And ourchildren understand this too, They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believefirmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children, In feet, I'm pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world, Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them, But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The "attachment" comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless parenting, We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves,Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover, I supervise, I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don't slap curious hands away, I show how to do things safely, I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust, I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative things that I hear about "attachment parents" are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children need structure, rules, and boundaries. Attachment Parents simply believe that the child and the parent are allies, not adversaries, And that children are taught, not trained.96. What makes attachment parents different from indulgent parents is that they ? .A. show more love to their childrenB. think love is more importantC. prefer both love and toys in parentingD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry??A. Providing comfort and love.B. Trying to stop kids crying.C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.98. What does “free-range” mean according to the passage?A. Fond of providing a home base.B. Ready to play games with my kids.C. Curious to watch what games they play.D. Willing to give kids freedom of movement.99. Which of the following is NOT attachment parenting? ?A. Fostering their curiosity.B. Standing by and protecting.C. Showing them how things are done.D. Helping them do the right thing.100. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How to foster love in children.B. How to build child confidence.C. Different types of parenting.D. Parent-child relationships.答案解析：PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

英语专四真题及答案解析

英语专四真题及答案解析TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015) -GRADE FOUR- PART I DICTATIONPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all thefollowing things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmas shopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceConversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one’s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one’s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents r educe their kids’ weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school’s way of handlin g the situation?A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men. News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. ￡945 millionB. ￡1.07 billionC. ￡500,000D. ￡87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___ .A. The UK is a good film locationC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted no wadays 31 ___ werarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, ro ads are brightly lit,when we turn off the bedside lamp and are 36 ___ asleep, electricity is working f or us, 37 ___ ourrefrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air- conditioned. Every day, trains, buses andsubways take us to and from work. We rarely 38 ___ to consider why or how the y run——39 ___ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something 40 ___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New Yorkwith electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a 41 ___. Trains refu sed to move and the people in them sat in the dark, 42 ___ to do anything; lifts stopp ed working, so that 43 ___ you were lucky enough not to be 44. ___ between two fl oors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down 45 ___ of stairs. Famou s streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) 46 ___ became asgloomy and uninviting 47 ___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses,48 ___ . although the police had been ordered to 49 ___ in case of emergency, they were just asconfused and50 ___ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ____?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. asA. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you much better than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?” EXCEPT __ ___?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ____ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no ____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part is closest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. The underlined part means __ ___.72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined part means all the following EXCEPT ____.73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ____.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ____ for the quality of its teaching and research.76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the universityheld a series of activities including conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ ____.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store. The underlined part means __ ___.A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONText AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory –and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.81. Google’s eyeglasses are suppose d to _ __.[A]improve our memory[B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better[D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, “cognitive habits” refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information[B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information[D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research i s CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. Wha t does the author mean by “context”?[A]It refers to long-term memory.[B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge.[D]It refers to the searchengine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A]Web connections aid our memory.[B]People differ in what to remember.[C]People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea,but it overlooked onedetail:second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to hislungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the logof his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A]He himself wanted to have practice.[B]Students of all majors had to do so.[C]It was part of his medical training.[D]He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author’s team members had __.[A]much practical experience[B]adequate knowledge[C]long been working there [D]some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attention EXCEPT __ __.[A]moving difficulty [B]steady temperature[C]faster heart rate [D]breathing problem89. “His symptoms had been textbook” means that his symptoms were _ ___.[A]part of the textbook[B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook[D]explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A]optimism[B]hesitation[C]concern[D]supportTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was majornews then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokerswere cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including.[C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ _____.[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT_____.[A] rejecting by the public[B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti-smoking campaigns[D] anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ ____.[A] is unfair to the poor [B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue [D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?[A] How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B] The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D] The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.TEXT Dchildren understand this too, They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believeAttachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also notselfless parenting, We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves,Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover, I supervise, I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don't slap curious hands away, I show howto do things safely, I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust, I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.96. What makes attachment parents different from indulgent parents is that they .A. show more love to their childrenB. think love is more importantC. prefer both love and toys in parentingD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.98. What does “free-range” mean according to the p assage?A. Fond of providing a home base.B. Ready to play games with my kids.C. Curious to watch what games they play.D. Willing to give kids freedom of movement.99. Which of the following is NOT attachment parenting?A. Fostering their curiosity.B. Standing by and protecting.C. Showing them how things are done.D. Helping them do the right thing.100. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How to foster love in children.B. How to build child confidence.C. Different types of parenting.D. Parent-child relationships.答案解析：PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. / There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

2015年英语专业四级考试真题及答案

QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 135 MIN PART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]1In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.- 1 -21. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A.The return trip is too expensive.B.There is no technology to get people back.C.People don't want to return.D.The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A.Intelligence.B.Health.C.Calmness.D.Skills.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A.The kind of people suitable for the trip.B.Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C.Recruitment of people for the trip.D.Preparation for the trip to Mars.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.3Now, listen to the conversation.4. What is showrooming?A.Going to the high street.B.Visiting everyday shops.C.Visiting shops and buying online.D.Buying things like electrical goods.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPT_A.CDsB.shoesC.cameraD.food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmasshopping was ____ .A.3%4B.33%C.42%D.24%- 2 -57. One reason for people to showroom is that they .A.want to see the real thing firstB.want to know more about pricingC.can return the product laterD.can bargain for a lower shop priceQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.8. What is the conversation mainly about?A.How to avoid clashes of exams.B.How to schedule exams.C.How to use the faculty lounge.D.How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A.To draw up the final schedule.B.To arrange an invigilator.6C.To choose a date on the draft schedule.D.To find the information on the bulletin board.10. According to the conversation, the Dean will .A.sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB.take care of the bulletin boardC.consult the studentsD.finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that followQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.- 3 -711. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A.New York.B.San Francisco.C.Boston.D.San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts _ tourists a year.A.20,000B.100,000C.17 millionD.7 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A.In Stockton Street.B.In Grant Avenue.C.In Portsmouth Square.D.In Bush Street.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.8Now, listen to the passage.14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Obesity can damage one's health.B.Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C.Obesity has affected both boys and girls.D.Obesity is directly related to one's habit.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to _ .A.learn more about the link between sleep and weightB.find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepC.identify the ways parents reduce their kids' weightD.see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should bearound _____ hours.A.8B.9C.109D.11- 4 -1017. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to .A.raceB.genderC.sleep timeD.parentsQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.18. According to a number of studies, __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A.genderB.personalityC.environmentD.money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.B.Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C.Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.11D.Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT _ .A.strong peer influenceB.low sense of achievementC.high sense of rebellionD.close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.- 5 -1221. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A.The school stopped providing school lunch.B.Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.C.Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.D.These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school's way of handling the situation?A.They were upset.B.They were surprised.C.They were furious.D.They were sad.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A.Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B.Guests can go direct to their rooms.13C.Guests can check out any time.D.Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ____ of its hotels in the next threemonths.A.2B.3C.100D.150Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani .A.will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trialB.will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC.will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD.will return to the U.K. for medical14旗开得胜treatment - 6-1526. What was Dewani accused of?A.Killing his wife in the U.K.B.Being involved in a taxi accident.C.Hiring a crew of hit men.D.Having his wife killed.Question 27 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.27. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT _ .A.the suspension of an existing arms embargoB.the use of force by European Union troopsC.the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD.the ban on travel and freeze of assetsQuestion 28 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.28. What is the news mainly about?16A.Behavior of alcoholics.B.Causes of early death in Russia.C.Causes of alcohol poisoning.D.Number of death over 10 years.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was .A.£945B.£1.07 billionC.£500,000D.£87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because .A.the UK is a good film locationB.the cast usually comes from BritainC.Hollywood emphasizes qualityD.production cost can be reduced17旗开得胜- 7 -18PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays (31) we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and (32) to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the (33) of every modern city.In the home, many (34)devices are powered by electricity. (35)_____ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are(36) ______asleep, electricity is working for us, (37)_____our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely (38)to consider why or how they run -(39) something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something (40)go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a (41). Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in thedark, (42)to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that (43) you were19lucky enough not to be (44)between two floors, you had the unpleasant taskof finding your way down (45) _____________________ of stairs.Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) (46) ____________________ became as gloomy and uninviting (47) the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, (48)although the police had been ordered to (49)_____in case of emergency, they were just as confused and (50) ____________ as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C.traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C.distinction. D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C.energy-saving D. labour-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C.Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C.closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C.repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C.hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C.until D. after40. A. did B. would C.could D. should41. A. pause B. terminal C.breakdown D. standstill20旗开得胜42. A. incompetent B. powerless C.hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C.as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C.positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C.flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C.point D. minute47. A. like B. than C.for D. as48. A. for B. and C.but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C.stand by D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecided21PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51. When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on the shelf, _________________________________________________________________________ .A. will youB. do youC. don't youD. won't you52. Mary is _______ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no soB. no moreC. not lessD. no less53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A.Five miles seem like a long walk to me.B.Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C.Either my sister or my brother is coming.D.Only one out of six were present at the meeting.2254. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A.My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B.I'll give it to you after I return.C.What is the matter with you?D.London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ t he cultural background that makes the film difficultto understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President's Men one of the important books for scholars who study theWatergate Scandal.A. remainB. remainedC. remainsD. is remaining- 11 -2358. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _ able to advise you much betterthan I can.A. will beB. would beC. wasD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词) ?A. Drink.B. Close.C. Rain.D. Belong.60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A.The man has a large family to support.B.She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C.He was the last guest to leave.D.Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPT_.A. Bob did thatB. Bob did soC. Bob did thisD. Bob did62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. A bit of flowers.B. Few words.24C. This work.D. Another two girls.63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A.What will you do when you graduate?B.They will be home by now.C.Who will go with me?D.Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, __ should feel fortunate.A. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There _ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. be66. Two of her brothers were____ during the Second World War.A. called onB. called upC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell ____ a t about $50 a case.A. wholesaleB. totallyC. entirelyD. together25旗开得胜- 12 -2668.The product contains no ___ c olours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. falseC. artificialD. wrong69.Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlinedpart is closest inmeaning to ____ .A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. _____and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the nationalmotor fairin the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71.The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to easecongestion. Theunderlined part means __A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72.His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. Theunderlined part27means all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73.The doctor said that the gash in his cheek required ten stitches. Theunderlined part means_.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74.During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and workers.A. lay intoB. lay offC. lay downD. lay aside75.The university consistently receives a high for the quality of its teaching andresearch.A. standardB. evaluationC. commentD. rating76.To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series ofactivities includingconferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means .A. celebrateB. signifyC. symbolizeD. suggest77.His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means .28旗开得胜A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78.The local newspaper has a __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow- 13 -29旗开得胜79.These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. Theunderlined part means____.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of thedepartment store. Theunderlined part means __ .A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinishedstatements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer SheetTwo. TEXT AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our heads, we'reincreasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart30phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory — and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available —is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll be able to locate information down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia — meaning that the days of drilling the31multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines will fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.- 15 -3281. Google's eyeglasses are supposed toA.improve our memoryB.function like memoryC.help us see faces betterD.work like smart phones82. According to the passage, "cognitive habits" refers toA.how we deal with informationB.functions of human memoryC.the amount of informationD.the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow's research is CORRECT?A.We remember people and things as much as before.B.We remember more Internet connections than before.C.We pay equal attention to location and content of information.D.We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. What does the author mean by "context" ?A.It refers to long-term memory.33B.It refers to a new situation.C.It refers to a store of knowledge.D.It refers to the search engine.85. What is the implied message of the author?A.Web connections aid our memory.B.People differ in what to remember.C.People need to exercise their memory.D.People keep memory on smart phones.TEXT BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending — a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at34旗开得胜- 16 -35least to a rookie like myself). In addition, there were two interns (住院实现医生). These guys were just as green as I was, but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five — piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams, he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting(喘着). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker.I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.36When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naïve as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?A.He himself wanted to have practice.B.Students of all majors had to do so.C.It was part of his medical training.D.He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author's team members hadA.some professional deficiencyB.much practical experience37C.adequate knowledgeD.long been working there- 17 -3888. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught hisattention EXCEPT ___ .A.steady temperatureB.faster heart rateC.breathing problemD.moving difficulty89. "His symptoms had been textbook" means that his symptoms were .A.part of the textbookB.explained in the textbookC.no longer in the textbookD.recently included in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses a bout the medical education system.A.optimismB.hesitationC.supportD.concern39TEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories — but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states — Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama, to name just a few —seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.40The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack — three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.- 18 -41New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke — far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking —far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?A.Including.B.Calculating.C.Relying on.D.Continuing.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to .A.those adults who continue to smoke42B.those states that missed the messageC.findings of the reportD.hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT ____________________________________________________________________________ .A.cigarette warning labelsB.rejection by the publicC.anti-smoking campaignsD.anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes .A.is unfair to the poorB.is an effective measureC.increases public revenueD.fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?A.How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.B.The effects of the report on smoking and health.43。

2015专四真题及答案解析（高清详细版）

PART I DICTA‎TIONMale and Femal‎e Roles‎in Marri‎a geIn the tradi‎t iona‎l marri‎a ge, the man worke‎d to earn money‎for the famil‎y. / The woman‎staye‎d at home to care for the child‎r en and her husba‎n d. / In recen‎t years‎, many coupl‎e s conti‎n ue to have a tradi‎t iona‎l relat‎i onsh‎i p of this kind. / Some peopl‎e are happy‎with it. But other‎s think‎diffe‎r entl‎y. /There‎are two major‎diffe‎r ence‎s in male and femal‎e roles‎now. / One is that both men and women‎have many more choic‎e s. / They may choos‎e to marry‎or stay singl‎e. / They may choos‎e to work or to stay at home. / A secon‎d diffe‎r ence‎is that, withi‎n marri‎a ge many decis‎i ons are share‎d. / If a coupl‎e has child‎r en, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman‎may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women‎now decid‎e these‎thing‎s toget‎h er in a marri‎a ge.听写指导：由题目可以‎判定，文章围绕男‎性和女性在‎婚姻中的角‎色展开，第一段介绍‎了传统婚姻‎中两性的角‎色，而第二段对‎当今社会中‎两性在婚姻‎中的角色进‎行了具体的‎论述。

2015年6月四级真题及答案解析(三套全)

2015年6月四级第一套Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A) He is pleased to sit on the committee. B) He is willing to offer the woman a hand.C) He will tell the woman his decision later. D) He would like to become a club member.2. A) Their planned trip to V ancouver is obviously overpriced.B) They should borrow a guide book instead of buying one.C) The guide books in the library have the latest information.D) The library can help order guide books about Vancouver.3. A) He regrets having taken the history course.B) He finds little interest in the history books.C) He has trouble finishing his reading assignments.D) He has difficulty writing the weekly book report.4. A) The man had better choose another restaurant.B) The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.C) The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.D) The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.5. A) He has been looking forward to spring. B) He has been waiting for the winter sale.C) He wi ll clean the woman’s boots for spring. D) He will help the woman put things away.6. A) At a tailor’s B) At Bob’s home.C) In a clothes store. D) In a theatre.7. A) His guests favor Tibetan drinks. B) His water is quite extraordinary.C) Mineral water is good for health. D) Plain water will serve the purpose.8. A) Report the result of a discussion. B) Raise some environmental issues.C) Submit an important document. D) Revise an environmental report.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) They pollute the soil used to cover them. B) They are harmful to nearby neighborhoods.C) The rubbish in them takes long to dissolve. D) The gas they emit is extremely poisonous.10. A) Growing population. B) Packaging materials.C) Changed eating habits. D) Lower production cost.11. A) By saving energy. B) By using less aluminum.C) By reducing poisonous wastes. D) By making the most of materials.12.A) We are running out of natural resources soon.B) Only combined efforts can make a difference.C) The waste problem will eventually hurt all of us.D) All of us can actually benefit from recycling.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) Miami. B) Vancouver. C) Bellingham. D) Boston.14. A) To get information on one-way tickets to Canada.B) To inquire about the price of “Super Saver” seats.C) To get advice on how to fly as cheaply as possible.D) To inquire about the shortest route to drive home.15. A) Join a tourist group. B) Choose a major airline.C) Avoid trips in public holidays. D) Book tickets as early as possible.Section BPassage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) There are mysterious stories behind his works.B) There are many misunderstandings about him.C) His works have no match worldwide.D) His personal history is little known.17. A) He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.B) He failed to go beyond grammar school.C) He was a member of the town council.D) He once worked in a well-known acting company.18. A) Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.B) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.C) His works were adapted beyond recognition.D) People of his time had little interest in him.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It shows you have been ignoring you health.B) It can seriously affect your thinking process.C) It is an early warning of some illness.D) It is a symptom of too much pressure.20. A) Reduce our workload. B) Control our temper.C) Use painkillers for relief. D) Avoid masking symptoms.21. A) Lying down and having some sleep. B) Rubbing and pressing one’s back.C) Going out for a walk. D) Listening to light music.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Depending heavily on loans. B) Having no budget plans at all.C) Spending beyond one’s means.D) Leaving no room for large bills.23. A) Many of them can be cut. B) Alt of them have to be covered.C) Their payment cannot be delayed. D) The eat up most of the family income.24. A) Rent a house instead of buying one. B) Discuss the problem in the family.C) Make a conservation plan. D) Move to a cheaper place.25. A) Financial issues plaguing a family. B) Difficulty in making both ends meet.C) Family budget problems and solutions. D) New ways to boost family income.Section CPerhaps because going to college is so much a part of the American dream, many people gofor no(26)_____reason. Some go because their parents expect it, others because it’s what their friends are doing. Then, there’s the belief that a college degree will(27)____ensure a good job and high pay.Some students (28)____ through for years ,attending classes, or skipping(逃课) them as the case may be, reading only what can’t be avoided, looking for less(29)_____courses, and never being touched or changed in any important way. For a few of these people, college provides no (30)____, yet because of parental or peer pressure, they cannot voluntarily leave. They stop trying in the hope that their teachers will make the decision for them by (31)____ them.To put it bluntly(直截了当地)，unless you’re willing to make your college years count, you might be (32)_____ doing something else. Not everyone should attend college, nor should everyone who does attend begin right after high school. Many college students (33)_____ taking a year or so off. A year out in the world helps some people to (34)_____their priorities and goals. If you’re really going to get something out of going to college, you have to make it mean something, and to do that you must have some idea why you’re there, what you hope to get out of it, and (35)_____even what you hope to become.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.It’s our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common eve ryday activity, after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting 36 can lead to obesity(肥胖症) and other diseases, researchers have now quantified just how 37 being a couch potato can be.In an analysis of data from eight large 38 published studies, a Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel 39 , the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a 40 , and the odds of dying prematurely 41 13% during a seven-year follow-up. All of these 42 are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary(久坐的) activities, like knitting, viewing TV may be especially 43 at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to 44 them.Even so, the authors admit that they didn’t compare different sedentary activities to45 whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes, heart disease or early deathSection BEssay-Grading Software Offers Professors a Break[A] Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of handing in a blue book and getting a gradefrom a professor a few weeks later, clicking the “send” button when you are clone and receiving a grade back instantly, your essay scored by a software program. And then, instead of being clone with that exam, imagine that the system would immediately let you rewrite the test to try to improve your grade.[B] EdX, the nonprofit enterprise founded by Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology (MIT) to offer courses on the Internet, has just introduced such a system and will make its automated (自动的) software available free on the Web to any institution that wants to use it. The software uses artificial intelligence to grade student essays and short written answers, fleeing professors for other tasks.[C] The new service will bring the educational consortium (联盟) into a growing conflict over therole of automation in education. Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics. [D] Anant Agarwal, an electrical engineer who is president of EdX, predicted that the instant-grading software would be a useful teaching tool, enabling students to take tests and write essays over and over and improve the quality of their answers. He said the technology would offer distinct advantages over the traditional classroom system, where students often wait days or weeks for grades. “There is a huge value in learning with instant feedback,” Dr. Agarwal said. “Students are telling us they learn much better with instant feedback.”[E] But skeptics (怀疑者) say the automated system is no match for live teachers. One longtimecritic, Les Perelman, has drawn national attention several times for putting together nonsense essays that have fooled software grading programs into giving high marks. He has also been highly critical of studies claiming that the software compares well to human graders.[F] He is among a group of educators who last month began circulating a petition (呼吁) opposingautomated assessment software. The group, which calls itself Professionals Against Machine Scoring of Student Essays in High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly 2,000 signatures, including some from famous people like Noam Chomsky.[G] “Let’s face the realities of automatic essay scoring,” the group’s statement reads in p art.“Computers cannot ‘read.’ They cannot measure the essentials of effective written communication: accuracy, reasoning, adequacy of evidence, good sense, ethical(伦理的) position, convincing argument, meaningful organization, and clarity, among others.”[H] But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely by schools and universities. It offers freeonline classes from Harvard, MIT and the University of California-Berkeley; this fall, it will add classes from Wellesley, Georgetown and the University of Texas. In all, 12 universities participate in EdX, which offers certificates for course completion and has said that it plans to continue to expand next year, including adding international schools.[I] The EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or graders, to first grade 100 essays or essayquestions. The system then uses a variety of machine-learning techniques to train itself to be able to grade any number of essays or answers automatically and almost instantly. The software will assign a grade depending on the scoring system created by the teacher, whether it is a letter grade or numerical (数字的) rank.[J] EdX is not the first to use the automated assessment technology, which dates to early computers in the 1960s. There is now a range of companies offering commercial programs to grade written test answers, and four states—Louisiana, North Dakota, Utah and West Virginia—are using some form of the technology in secondary schools. A fifth, Indiana, has experimented with it. In some cases the software is used as a “second reader,” to check the reliability of the human graders.[K] But the growing influence of the EdX consortium to set standards is likely to give the technology a boost. On Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work with EdX to developa joint educational system that will make use of the automated assessment technology.[L] Two start-ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by Stanford faculty members to create “massive open online courses,” or MOOCs, are also committed to automated assessment systems because of the value of instant feedback. “It allows students to get immediate feedback on their work, so that learning turns into a game, with students naturally gravitating (吸引) to ward resubmitting the work until they get it right,” said Daphne Koller, a computer scientist and a founder of Coursera.[M]Last year the Hewlett Foundation, a grant-making organization set up by one of the Hewlett-Packard founders and his wife, sponsored two $100,000 prizes aimed at improving software that grades essays and short answers. More than 150 teams entered each category. A winner of one of the Hewlett contests, Vik Paruchuri, was hired by EdX to help design its assessment software.[N] “One of our focuses is to help kids learn how to think critically,” said Victor Vuchic, a program officer at the Hewlett Foundation. “It’s probably impossible to do that with multiple-choice tests. The challenge is that this requires human graders, and so they cost a lot more and they take a lot more time.”[O] Mark D. Shermis, a professor at the University of Akron in Ohio, supervised the Hewlett Foundation’s contest on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about the experiment. I n his view, the technology—though imperfect—has a place in educational settings.[P] With increasingly large classes, it is impossible for most teachers to give students meaningful feedback on writing assignments, he said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology have tended to come from the nation’s best universities, where the level of teaching is much better than at most schools.[Q] “Often they come from very famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much better job of providing feedback than a mac hine ever could,” Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack of appreciation of what is actually going on in the real world.”46. Some professionals in education are collecting signatures to voice their opposition toautomated essay grading.47. Using sof tware to grade students’ essays saves teachers time for other work.48. The Hewlett contests aim at improving essay grading software.49. Though the automated grading System is widely used in multiple-choice tests, automatedessay grading is still criticized by many educators.50. Some people don’t believe the software grading system can do as good a job as humangraders.51. Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in less famousuniversities.52. Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot be measured by computerrating programs.53. As class size grows, most teachers are unable to give students valuable comments as to how toimprove their writing.54. The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of humangraders.Section CPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat, corn and soyabeans (大豆). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous (人口多的) countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Com and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert (回返) to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.56. What does the author try to draw attention to?A) Food riots and hunger in the world. B) News headlines in the leading media.C) The decline of the grain yield growth. D) The food supply in populous countries.57. Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A) Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B) Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C) Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D) Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.58. What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A) They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B) They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C) They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.59. What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in thecoming decades?A) The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B) The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C) The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.60. How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation?A) It is built on the findings of a new study.B) It is based on a doubtful assumption.C) It is backed by strong evidence.D) It is open to further discussion.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.The endless debate about “work-life balance” often contains a hopeful footnote about stay-at-home dads. If American society and business won’t make it easier on future female leaders who choose to have children, there is still the ray of hope that increasing numbers of full-time fathers will. But based on today’s socioeconomic trends, this hope is, unfortunately, misguided.It’s true that the number of men who have left work to do their thing as full-time parents has do ubled in a decade, but it’s still very small: only 0.8% of married couples where the stay-at-home father was out of the labor force for a year. Even that percentage is likely inflated by men thrust into their caretaker role by a downsizing. This is simply not a large enough group to reduce the social stigma (污名) and force other adjustments necessary to supporting men in this decision, even if only for a relatively short time.Even shorter times away from work for working fathers are already difficult. A study found that 85% of new fathers take some time off after the birth of a child—but for all but a few, it’s a week or two at most. Meanwhile, the average for women who take leave is more than 10 weeks.Such choices impact who moves up in the organization. While you’re away, someone else is doing your work, mak ing your sales, taking care of your customers. That can’t help you at work. It can only hurt you. Women, of course, face the same issues of returning after a long absence. But with many more women than men choosing to leave the workforce entirely to raise families, returning from an extended parental leave doesn’t raise as many eyebrows as it does for men.Women would make more if they didn’t break their earning trajectory (轨迹) by leaving the workforce, or if higher-paying professions were more family-friendly. In the foreseeable future, stay-at-home fathers may make all the difference for individual families, but their presence won’t reduce the numbers of high-potential women who are forced to choose between family and career.61. What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work-life balance?A) More men taking an extended parental leave.B) People’s changing attitudes towards family.C) More women entering business management.D) The improvement of their socioeconomic status.62. Why does the author say the hope for more full-time fathers is misguided?A) Women are better at taking care of children.B) Many men value work more than their family.C) Their number is too small to make a difference.D) Not many men have the chance to stay at home.63. Why do few men take a long parental leave?A) A long leave will have a negative impact on their career.B) They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work.C) The economic loss will be too much for their family to bear.D) They are likely to get fired if absent from work for too long.64. What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?A) Jealousy. B) Surprise. C) Admiration. D) Sympathy.65. What does the author say about high-potential women in the not-too-distant future?A) They will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at home.B) They will find high-paying professions a bit more family-friendly.C) They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family.D) They will still face the difficult choice between career and children.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)据报道，今年中国快递服务(courier service)将递送大约120亿包裹。

2015年英语专四真题及答案解析

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015) -GRADE FOUR-PART I DICTATIONPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A CONVERSATIONSConversation one1. Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. According to the man, what is more important for those recruits?A. Intelligence.B. Health.C. Skills.D. Calmness.3. What is the last part of the conversation about?A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B. Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C. Recruitment of people for the trip.D. Preparation for the trip to Mars.Conversation Two4. What is showrooming?A. Going to the high street.B. Visiting everyday shops.C. Buying things like electrical goods.D. Visiting shops and buying online.5. According to the conversation, the man had bought all the following things online EXCEPTA. shoesB. CDsC. cameraD. food6. According to the conversation, the percentage of people who showroomed while Christmasshopping wasA. 3%B. 33%C. 42%D. 24%7. One reason for people to showroom is that theyA. want to know more about pricingB. can return the product laterC. want to see the real thing firstD. can bargain for a lower shop priceConversation Three8. What is the conversation mainly about?A. How to avoid clashes of exams.B. How to schedule exams.C. How to use the faculty lounge.D. How to choose the courses.9. What does the student have to do first in order to take the exams?A. To choose a date on the draft schedule.B. To find the information on the bulletin board.C. To draw up the final schedule.D. To arrange an invigilator.10. According to the conversation, the Dean willA. sign the sheet in the faculty loungeB. take care of the bulletin boardC. consult the studentsD. finalize the exam scheduleSECTION B PASSAGESPassage One11. Which of the following cities has the oldest Chinatown in North America?A. New York.B. San Francisco.C. Boston.D. San Diego.12. The Chinatown in San Francisco attracts tourists a year.A. 20 ,000B. 100 ,000C. 7 millionD. 17 million13. Where can tourists see the fish markets?A. In Stockton Street.B. In Grant Avenue.C. In Portsmouth Square.D. In Bush Street.Passage Two14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Obesity can damage one’s health.B. Obesity is a growing problem all over the world.C. Obesity is directly related to one’s habit.D. Obesity has affected both boys and girls.15. The purpose of the three-year study is to .A. find out why some children find it difficult to go to sleepB. learn more about the link between sleep and weightC. identify the ways parents reduce their kids’ weightD. see if there is difference in sleep patterns over the period16. According to the study, the daily healthy sleep time for the 3rd to 6th graders should be around ___ hours.A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 1117. According to the passage, obesity is most likely related to __ .A. sleep timeB. genderC. raceD. parentsPassage Three18. According to a number of students, __ __ is the main factor for early-age smoking.A. genderB. personalityC. environmentD. money19. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Very few continue smoking throughout their teenage years.B. Most early-age smokers soon stop experimenting.C. Some early-age smokers never go beyond experimenting.D. Children quickly become regular smokers by carrying cigarettes.20. All the following are features of smokers EXCEPT ___ .A. strong peer influenceB. low sense of achievementC. high sense of rebellionD. close family relationshipSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item 121. Why were some children offered only fruit and milk for lunch?A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different.22. How did parents react to the school’s way of handling the situation?A. They were upsetB. They were furious.C. They were surprised.D. They were sad.News Item 223. According to the news, what is the main advantage of the digital key?A. Guests can pay without going to the front desk.B. Guests can go direct to their rooms.C. Guests can check out any time.D. Guests can make room reservations.24. The hotel company intends to have the system in ___ of its hotels in the next three months.A. 2B. 3C. 100D. 150News Item 325. According to the court ruling, Shrien Dewani _ ___ .A. will return to the U.K. for medical treatmentB. will remain in South Africa for medical treatmentC. will stand trial in South Africa once proved fitD. will be extradited even if he is unfit to stand trial26. What was Dewani accused of?A. Having his wife killed.B. Killing his wife in the U.K.C. Being involved in a taxi accident.D. Hiring a crew of hit men.News Item 427. The U.N. new vote would allow all the following EXCEPT ___ .A. the use of force by European Union troopsB. the suspension of an existing arms embargoC. the extension of U.N. peacekeeping missionD. the ban on travel and freeze of assetsNews Item 528. What is the news mainly about?A. Causes of early death in Russia.B. Behavior of alcoholics.C. Causes of alcohol poisoning.D. Number of death over 10 years.News Item 629. The total investment in film-making in Britain in 2012 was __ __ .A. £945 millionB. £1.07 billionC. £500,000D. £87,00030. Hollywood studios prefer to make films in Britain because ___ .A. The UK is a good film locationB. The cast usually comes from BritainC. Hollywood emphasizes qualityD. Production cost can be reducedPART III CLOZEElectricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays31__ _werarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set.At night,roads are brigh tly lit,enabling people and32___to move freely.Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the33___of every modern city.In the home,many34___devices are powered by electric ity.35___when we turn off the bedside lamp and are36___asleep,electricity is working for us,37___ ourrefrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.Every day,trains,busesandsubways take us to and from work.We rarely38___to consider why or how they run——39 ___something goes wrong.In the summer of1959,something40___go wrong with the power-plant that provided New Yorkwith electricity.For a great many hours,life came almost to a41___.Trains refused to move a nd the people in them sat in the dark,42___to do anything;lifts stopped working,so that43_ __you were lucky enough not to be44.___between two floors,you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down45___of stairs.Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue i n a(n)46___became asgloomy and uninviting47___the most remote back streets.People were afraid to leave their h ouses,48___.although the police had been ordered to49___in case of emergency,they were just a sconfused and50___as anybody else.31. A. that B. thus C. as D. so32. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians33. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface34. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving35. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently36. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly37. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving38. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember39. A. when B. if C. until D. after40. A. did B. would C. could D. Should41. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill42. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless43. A. although B. when C. as D. even if44. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked45. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors46. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute47. A. like B. than C. for D. as48. A. for B. and C. but D. or49. A. stand aside B. stand down C. standby D. stand in50. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecidedPART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,____?A. don’t youB. do youC. will youD. won’t you52. Mary is __ ___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. not so53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is wrong.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ____ the cultural background that makes the filmdifficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ____ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for scholars who study theWatergate Scandal.A. remainsB. remainedC. remainD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ___ __ able to advise you muchbetter than I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词)?A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?”EXCEPT __ ___?A. Bob did itB. Bob did soC. Bob did thatD. Bob did.62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girlsB. Few wordsC. This workD. A bit of flowers63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, ___ should feel fortunateA. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being66. Two of her brothers were _ __ during the Second World War.A. called upB. called onC. called forD. called out67. Bottles from this region sell __ ____ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together68. The product contains no ____ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong69. Davis accepted the defeat in the semi-final with good grace. The underlined part isclosest in meaning to ___ ___.A. cheerfullyB. wholeheartedlyC. politelyD. quietly70. __ ___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motorfair in the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic71. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. Theunderlined part means __ ___.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still72. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlinedpart means all the following EXCEPT ____.A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for73. The doctor said that the gash in his check required stitches. The underlined part means ____.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut74. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and __ ___ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside75. The university consistently receives a high __ ____ for the quality of its teaching and research.A. standardB. evaluationC. ratingD. comment76. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activitiesincluding conferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means __ ___.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest77. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _ ____.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative78. The local news paper has a ___ __ of 100,000 copies a day.A. spreadB. circulationC. motionD. flow79. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means __ ___.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fully80. A couple of young people were giving out leaflets in front of the department store.The underlined part means __ ___.A. distributingB. handlingC. dividingD. arrangingPART V READING COMPREHENSIONText AInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our head, we're increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you're looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory – and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available --is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don't know the answer to a question, we nowthink about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find informationagain later on, we don't remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers' final observation: the expectation that we'll he able to locate inf orination down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we'II be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can't be Googled as we go;they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, "factual knowledge must precede skill," says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren't over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can't Google context.Last, there's the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines fail us. As Sparrow puts it, "The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend." If you're going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it's fully charged.81. Google’s eyeglasses are supposed to _ __.[A]improve our memory[B]function like memory[C]help us see faces better[D]work like smart phones82. According to the passage, “cognitive habits” refers to _ __.[A] how we deal with information[B] functions of human memory[C] the amount of information[D] the availability of information83. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research is CORRECT?[A] We remember people and things as much as before.[B] We remember more Internet connections than before.[C] We pay equal attention to location and content of information.[D]We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.84. What does the author mean by “context”?[A]It refers to long-term memory.[B]It refers to a new situation.[C]It refers to a store of knowledge.[D]It refers to the search engine.85. What is the implied message of the author?[A]Web connections aid our memory.[B]People differ in what to remember.[C]People keep memory on smart phones.[D]People need to exercise their memory.Text BI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university's philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea,but it overlooked one detail:second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending - a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren't in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the realboss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was，but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams，he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the logof his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?86. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?[A]He himself wanted to have practice.[B]Students of all majors had to do so.[C]It was part of his medical training.[D]He was on a research team.87. We learn that the author’s team members had __.[A]much practical experience[B]adequate knowledge[C]long been working there [D]some professional deficiency88. While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught hisattention EXCEPT __ __.[A]moving difficulty [B]steady temperature[C]faster heart rate [D]breathing problem89. “His symptoms had been textbook” means that his symptoms were _ ___.[A]part of the textbook[B]no longer in the textbook[C]recently included in the textbook[D]explained in the textbook90. At the end of the passage, the author expresses __ __ about the medical education system.[A]optimism[B]hesitation[C]concern[D]supportTEXT CThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually ananti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.91. What does "counting" mean in the context?[A] Continuing. [B] Including.[C] Calculating. [D] Relying on.92. According to the context, "Their failure" refers to__ _____.[A] those adults who continue to smoke[B] those states that missed the message[C] findings of the report[D] hazards of smoking93. The following are all efforts that led to the change of attitude on smoking EXCEPT_____.[A] rejecting by the public[B] cigarette warning labels[C] anti-smoking campaigns[D] anti-smoking legislation94. According to the author, raising tax on cigarettes___ ____.[A] is unfair to the poor [B] is an effective measure[C] increases public revenue [D] fails to solve the problem95. What is the passage mainly about?[A] How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.[B] The effects of the report on smoking and health.[C] Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.[D] The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.TEXT DAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not "spoil" their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums(发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment Parenting is not "afraid of tears" parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And ourchildren understand this too, They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believefirmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children, In feet, I'm pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world, Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them, But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The "attachment" comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless parenting, We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves,Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover, I supervise, I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don't slap curious hands away, I show how to do things safely, I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust, I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative things that I hear about "attachment parents" are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children need structure, rules, and boundaries. Attachment Parents simply believe that the child and the parent are allies, not adversaries, And that children are taught, not trained.96. What makes attachment parents different from indulgent parents is that they .A. show more love to their childrenB. think love is more importantC. prefer both love and toys in parentingD. dislike ice cream or sweets97. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?A. Providing comfort and love.B. Trying to stop kids crying.C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.98. What does “free-range” mean according to the passage?A. Fond of providing a home base.B. Ready to play games with my kids.C. Curious to watch what games they play.D. Willing to give kids freedom of movement.99. Which of the following is NOT attachment parenting?A. Fostering their curiosity.B. Standing by and protecting.C. Showing them how things are done.D. Helping them do the right thing.100. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How to foster love in children.B. How to build child confidence.C. Different types of parenting.D. Parent-child relationships.答案解析：PART I DICTATIONMale and Female Roles in MarriageIn the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it. But others think differently. /There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that, within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them /some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.听写指导：由题目可以判定，文章围绕男性和女性在婚姻中的角色展开，第一段介绍了传统婚姻中两性的角色，而第二段对当今社会中两性在婚姻中的角色进行了具体的论述。

2015年英语专业四级真题Grammar-参考答案及解析

2015年英语专业四级真题（Grammar）51. When you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, __A____?A. will youB. do youC. don’t youD. won’t you解析：否定祈使句的反意疑问句为：will you52. Mary is ___D___ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no soB. no moreC. not lessD. no less解析：no less + adj. than … =as … as…，意思为：和……一样……句意：Mary和她的妹妹一样学习很勤奋，可她考试并没有及格。

no more … than …意思为：和……一样不……Mary is no more hardworking than her sister. 句意：Mary 和她的妹妹一样学习不勤奋。

53. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? AA. Five miles seem like a long walk to meB. Ten dollars was stolen from the cashregisterC. Either my sister or my brother is comingD. Only one out of six were present at themeeting.解析：此题考查的是主谓一致。

表示确定数量的距离、时间、金钱等做主语，通常把它们看成一个整体，所以谓语动词用单数，如该题中的句A和句B；either… or…用就近原则。

D遵循的是概念一致。

54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language ___D___ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as解析：“it is not so much …as …”意思是“与其说是……不如说是……”。

2015年英语专业四级语法题（含答案）

2015年英语专业四级语法题（含答案）51. W hen you have finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf, ______?A. will youB. do youC. don’t youD. won’t you52. Mary is ______ hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam.A. no soB. no moreC. not lessD. no less53. Which of the following statements in incorrect?A. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is coming.D. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.54. Which of the italicized parts expresses a future tense?A. My friend teaches chemistry in a school.B. I’ll give it to you after I return.C. What is the matter with you?D. London stands on the River Thames.55. It is not so much the language _____ the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as56. There is no doubt ____ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when57. All the P resident’s Men______ one of the important books for scholars who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainB. remainedC. remainsD. is remaining58. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he ____ able to advise you much better than I can.A. will beB. would beC. wasD. were59. Which of the following is a stative verb?(静态动词)A. DrinkB. CloseC. RainD. Belong60. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.61. The following are all correct responses to “W ho told thenews to the teacher?” EX CEPT ________.A. Bob did that.B. Bob did soC. Bob did thisD. Bob did62. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. A bit of flowers.B. Few words.C. This work.D. Another two girls.63. Which of the following italicized words does NOT indicate willingness?A. What will you do when you graduate?B. They will be home by now.C. Who will go with me?D. Why will you go there alone?64. When one has good health, ______ should feel fortunate.A. youB. sheC. heD. we65. There________ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. be51-55 A C A B D 56-60 B C B D C 61-65 C A B C C。

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