it作形式主语的用法
It作形式主语和形式宾语用法详解
新希望英语语法精讲------“It”作形式主语和形式宾语“It”作形式主语和形式宾语(de)用法详解It作形式主语和形式宾语用法,是英语学习(de)主要语法项目之一.无论是单项选择,还是完行填空,it用法始终是反复考查(de)重、热点之一.现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法,进行如下归纳分析,以供学习参考.一、 It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正(de)主语放在句尾.此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义.e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误(de).) 〔It为to tell a lie(de)形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用(de).) 〔It为arguing about it(de)形式主语〕It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定.) 〔It为who will come(de)形式主语〕It 作形式主语(de)常见句型：① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that ….e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要.)It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收.)It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样(de)男士真让人惊讶.)② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that ….e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处.)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾.)It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.(没有共产党就没有新中国,这是毋庸质疑(de).)③ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑.)It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.(大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列.)It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.(据报道,至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生.)④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that ….e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲.)It appears that Tom might change his mind. (看来汤姆可能会改变主意.)⑤若句子是疑问形式,就只能用it作形式主语.e.g. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow (他们明天不来很重要吗 )Is it true that he will go abroad next week (他下周出国是真(de)吗 )⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth. 这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”(de)句型,其中it是形式主语,代替后面(de)不定式（to do sth.）,句型中(de)sb.也可以省略.e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料.)It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时.)How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train (从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间 )I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there. (我不能肯定,但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿.)二、It 用作形式宾语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时,为保持句子结构平衡,避免句式结构(de)混乱,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正(de)宾语放在句尾.此时it仍只起先行引导作用,本身无词义.下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语：①当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词(de)宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.（他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快.）I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English. （我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难.）He makes it a rule never to borrow money. （他立志决不向别人借钱.） I think it no need talking about it with them. （我认为没必要跟他们谈.）②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”(de)动词,如like, enjoy, love, hate等,往往不能直接接宾语从句；e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy. （我不喜欢他那么懒惰.）I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. （我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋.）③ that引导(de)宾语从句不能直接作介词(de)宾语；e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you. （尽管放心,我们会随时帮你(de).）Would you see to it that she gets home early （你负责保证她早到家,好吗）He insisted on it that he was innocent. （他坚持说自己是无辜(de).）④由及物动词与介词组成(de)固定搭配中,宾语从句若作该动词(de)宾语时,须借用it.e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it. （我让你自己判断这事是否该做.）We owe i t to you that there wasn’t a serious accident. （多亏了你才没有发生严重事故.）练习一1. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day A. this B. that C. it D. he2. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work..A. thisB. thatC. itsD. it3. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time A. this B. that C. he D. it4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____ didn’t help. A. he B. which C. she D. it5. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It6. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them7. Don’t _______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful. A. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted8. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. thisB. thatC. itD. one练习二1. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the office.A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that2. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our advice.A. thatB. thisC. itD. them3. ______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month A. Is trueB. Is it trueC. It’s trueD. It’s truly4. ____ doesn’t matter much _____ dress you are going to wear.A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who5. _______ is going to America for further study.A. He is said thatB. People said that heC. It was said heD. It is said that he6. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well.A. This B. That C. There D. It7. Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship A. this B. there C. that D. it8. She liked _______ when he kissed her. A. him B. that C. oneD. it9. _______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. A. ItB. ThereC. ThoseD. One10. We think _______ our duty to pay taxes to our government.A. thatB. thisC. itsD. itKey: 练习一1-8 CDDDDADC 练习二1-5 CCBCD 6-10 DDDADit作形式主语和形式宾语it既可作人称代词,用来表示动物或无生命(de)物体等,也可以作无人称代词,在句中作主语,表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等.它还可以引导强调句,使语气得以加强.此外,it在句中能作引导词,充当句子中(de)形式上(de)成分,如形式主语、形式宾语等.㈠ it作形式主语：it作形式主语时没有具体(de)意义,而只是帮助把真正(de)主语移到句子后部去,使句子显得平稳一些.it作形式主语时,可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句.1. it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：It + be +形容词 + (for/of sb.) to do sth.It + be + 名词 + to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人(de)职责或义务如：①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人(de)义务.（ it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law）②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说,学习汉语是困难(de).（ it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese）③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对(de).（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps）④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年(de)时间.（ it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge）⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌(de).（ it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to stare at people）⑥It is up to us to help those in need.帮助那些有困难(de)人是我们(de)责任.（ it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to help those in need）⑦It is not up to you to tell me how to do my job.我怎样干我(de)工作不用你来多嘴.（ it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to tell me how to do my job）◆ It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.与It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth.：如果句型中(de)形容词描述(de)是sb.(de)品质、品格,在逻辑上可以作sb.(de)表语,则sb.前应用介词of,否则就用for.如：①It’s necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要(de).②It’s important for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说是重要(de).③It’s kind of you to help me.感谢你对我(de)帮助.（= You are kind to help me. ）④It was foolish of him to give up the job.他放弃那工作是愚蠢(de)（= He was foolish to give up the job.）⒉ it代替动名词短语：动名词作主语用后置形式(de)情况远不及不定式那么普遍,常限于no good, no use, useless, waste等词(de)后面.①It is no good/ use having a car if you can’t drive. 如果你不会开车,有车也没用.( it作形式主语,代替动名词短语having a car)②It is a waste of time watching TV.看电视是浪费时间.（ it作形式主语,代替动名词短语watching TV）③It is no use asking him.问他没有用. （ it作形式主语,代替动名词短语asking him）④It is no use talking to him about it.和他谈这事没有用.（ it作形式主语,代替动名词短语talking to him about it）⒊ it代替主语从句：这个主语从句可以用连词that引导,也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导.如：①It was clear that they had no desire for peace.很清楚他们没有和平(de)诚意.（ it作形式主语,代替主语从句that they had no desire for peace）②It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.她能否来还很难说.（ it作形式主语,代替主语从句whether she will be able to come）③It was clear enough what she meant.她(de)意思是够清楚(de).（ it 作形式主语,代替主语从句what she meant）④It hasn’t been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.还没明确宣布新路什么时候通车.（ it作形式主语,代替主语从句when the new road is to be opened to traffic）⑤It is a mystery to me how it all happened.这都是怎么发生(de)对于我来说还是一个谜.（ it作形式主语,代替主语从句how it all happened）用it作形式主语,把真正(de)主语从句移至后面(de)常见句型有：◆ It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/a wonder… that…如：①It was a pity that the engineer couldn’t come.可惜工程师没能够来.②It is a wonder that he continues to gamble when he always loses 令人惊讶(de)是他一直输还一直赌.③（It is）no wonder (that) you were late难怪你来晚了.④It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic.真可惜,这场雨把我们(de)野餐给搅了.⑤It is a fact that English is being accepted as international language.英语被认为是国际语言,这是一个事实.◆ It is + 形容词（如： strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important…）that …如：①It is certain that he will win.他一定会取胜.②It is important that we should learn from each o ther and help each other.我们应当互相学习,互相帮助,这是很重要(de).③It was obvious that the child had been badly treated.很显然那个孩子受过虐待.④It is likely that he will ring me tonight.他今晚可能给我打.⑤It is strange that he should have left without telling us.真奇怪,他也没说一声就走了.⑥It is unlikely that their group will get ahead of us.他们小组不会赶到我们前头去.◆ It seems/ happened/ turned out/ suddenly struck me/ occurred to me…that …如：①It happened that I wasn’t there that day.恰好那天我不在那里.②It seems that his idea is more practical.看起来他(de)意见更实际一些.③It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve that problem.我忽然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题.◆ It + be + 过去分词（如：said/ reported/ announced/ decided/ expected/ hoped/ known/ believed…）that…如：①It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.(相当于：People hope that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon) 人们希望鹿(de)数目将会很快增加.②It is said that nothing has been done about it.据说至今对此没采取任何措施.③It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident.据报道在那次(de)公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生.④It is known that he is one of the best teachers in our school.大家都知道他是我们学校最好(de)教师之一.⑤It is believed that the flood there is the biggest in 100 years.据认为那儿(de)洪水是百年来最大(de)洪水.注意要在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed…that…(d e)主语从句中用虚拟语气：(should) + 动词原形如：①It is requested that he give a performance at the party.有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目.②It is suggested that we should get everything ready by tonight.建议一切在今晚准备好.③It is ordered that the radio be sent there at once.据命令,这台收音机要立刻送到那里去.◆ It doesn’t matter +连接代词或副词…It doesn’t make too much difference +连接代词或副词…如：①It doesn’t matter whether he comes or not.他来还是不来都没关系.②It won’t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.你今天去也好,明天去也好,关系不大.㈡ it作形式宾语：it作形式宾语时,可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句.it作形式宾语时,需具备两个条件：① 真正(de)宾语是不定式、动名词或从句② 有宾语补足语具备了这两个条件,形式宾语it一定要用.1. it代替不定式短语think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard…+ it +形容词/名词 + 不定式短语如：①I find it pleasant to work with him.(it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to work with him)我觉得和他一起工作很愉快.②They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.（ it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to finish the work in such a short time）他们认为在这么短(de)时间内完成这项工作是困难(de).③She thinks it her duty to help us.（ it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to help us）她觉得帮助我们是她(de)责任.④I think it my honor to be invited to speak here.（ it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to be invited to speak here）我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我(de)荣耀.⑤Tom didn’t find it difficult to write letters in Chinese.（ it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to write letters in Chinese）汤姆发现用汉语写信不难.⑥Al l these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.（ it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to go on with the work）这些噪音使我无法继续工作.⒉ it代替动名词短语( 这只限于少数句型,在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些)如：①The professor considers it no good reading without understanding. 这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处. ②Do you consider it any good trying again 你觉得再试会有好处吗③He found it useless( no use) arguing with him.他发现和他辩论没有用.④He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible.想做不可能(de)事情,他认为是完全没道理(de).⑤I don’t think itworthwhile going to such a place.到这样一个地方去我看是不值得(de).⒊ it代替宾语从句：如：①We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled. 会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾.②I took it for granted that they were not coming. 我想他们准是不会来(de)了. ③I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time.我负责使一切都按时准备好.㈢含it (de)常用句型英语中有一些固定句型中含有it,应注意这些句型(de)使用.1. It be + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分强调句型可以强调一个句子(de)主语、宾语、表语及状语等成分.如果被强调(de)成分是表示人(de)词,可以用that或who(whom)连接其他成分；被强调(de)成分是表示人以外(de)词,例如表示事物、时间或地点(de)词,用that连接其他成分.例如我们可以用强调句型强调下列句子(de)主语（如⑴）、宾语（如⑵）、地点状语（如⑶）及时间状语（如⑷）I met Peter in Japan last year.⑴ It was I who/that met Peter in Japan last year.⑵ It was Peter whom/that I met in Japan last year.⑶ It was in Japan that I met Peter last year.⑷ It was last year that I met Peter in Japan.not …until 也可用于强调句型例1 Mr Brown didn’t come back until eleven o’clock.可变为：It was not until eleven o’clock that Mr Brown came back.例2 The rain didn’t stop until midnight.可变为：It was not until midnight that the rain stopped.强调句也可变为特殊疑问句例1 It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.可变为：When was it that the PRC was founded例2 Your dad worked in this factory two years ago.可变为：Where was it that your dad worked two years ago2It’s + 地点状语+ that…（强调句）It’s +地点名词+ where… (定语从句)如：①It is the town where I was born.(the town 为地点名词,定语从句) 这是我出生(de)镇子.②It was in the town that I was born.(in the town为地点状语,强调句型) 我出生在这个镇子.3.It’s + 时间名词+ when…(时间状语从句) It’s + 时间状语+that…(强调句)如：①It was at 8 o’clock that he returned.(at 8 o’clock 是时间状语,强调句)他是在八点钟回来(de).②It was 8 o’clock when he returned.(8 o’clock 是时间名词,时间状语从句)他回来(de)时候是八点钟.4. if it is convenient to you 如果你方便(de)话如：If it is convenient to you, you can start tomorrow.如果方便(de)话,你明天可以动身.5. believe it or not 信不信由你如：①Believe it or not, I’ll go abroad next month.不管你信还是不信,我下个月要出国.②Believer it or not, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.信不信由你我们冒雨等了两个小时.6. It’s time that…did / should do …(定语从句)如：①It is time that I went and picked up my daughter from school.我该去学校接我女儿放学了.②It’s high time that we stopped/should stop this practice.我们(de)确该停止这种做法了.7. It is /has been…since…did…(时间状语从句)如：It is just a week since we arrived here.我们来这里已一星期了.8.It won’t be …before…用不了（多长时间）就会…It will be…before…得过（多长时间）才…It wasn’t …before…没过（多长时间）就…It was…before…过了（多长时间）才…①It will be a long time before we finish the task.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务.②It wasn’t long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会使用计算机了.③It was some time before he told me about this affair.过了一段时间之后他告诉了我这件事.④It won’t be long before we meet again.不久之后我们还会再见面(de).㈣易混用其他句型英语中有一些句型不含it, 但却易被误用了it,常见(de)有以下句型：⒈ There is something/nothing wrong/ the matter with sb./ sth.如：There is nothing wrong /the matter with him. He’s just pretending.他没什么事,他只是在装呢.2. There is no doubt about…对…毫不怀疑There is no doubt that…对…毫不怀疑如：①There is no doubt about his suitability for the job.毫无疑问,他适合这个工作.②There is no doubt about the fact.关于这个事实毫无怀疑.③There is no doubt that he is hard to deal with. 毫无置疑他很难对付.⒊ There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.没必要…如：①There was no need for him to remain in Paris.他没有必要继续留在巴黎.②There is no need for you to start yet.你现在还不必动身.4.There is no/a possibility that… …没可能/有可能(= It is impossible/possibl e that …)如：①There is a possibility that the train may be late.可能火车要晚点.②There is no possibility that we’ll see him this weekend.我们本周末不可能见到他.5.There is a chance that …可能…如：There is a chance that the sick child will get well. 这个生病(de)孩子可能会好起来(de).6.There be no/ some differences between…and……和…之间没/有区别如：There are some differences between the two languages. 这两种语言之间有些区别.7. After what seemed + 时间如：After what seemed a very long time, the wounded soldier came back to life.在经过似乎很长(de)一段时间之后,那个受伤(de)士兵苏醒了过来.8. There be difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth. 干…有困难如：here was no difficulty in finding him.找到他没费什么事.习题演练：1.______ is reported that he got seven gold medals.A. That B. Word C. It D. News2.How long ______ to finish the workA. you will takeB. will you takeC. you will take itD. will it take you3.__________ no need for us to discuss the problem again. It has already been settled.A. It hasB. There hasC. It isD. There is4.I was disappointed with the play. I had expected _____ to be much better.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. it5.I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. itB. thatC. itsD. this6.Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time A. thisB. itC. heD. that7.----Do you need my ruler ----No, thanks. I’ve got _______ myself.A. itB. eachC. oneD. the one8.----Which person do you mean ----______ who wears a new gold watch.A. The oneB. OneC. EachD. It9.It _____ three years since I left England.A. has been B. was C. had been D. will be10.It won’t be long _____ the island ________ to our motherland.A. when, returnsB. before, will returnC. since,returns D. before, returns11.How many years is it ______ your family moved hereA. afterB. sinceC. beforeD. until12.________ is a pity that you forgot both her address and her telephone number.A. ItB. ThereC. ThisD. That13.I saw no more than one copy left in the bookshop. Will you go and buy ______A. itB. someC. anyD. one14.Will you see to ______ that the luggage is brought backA. meB. yourselfC. itD. them15.It _______ that she has lost interest in studying English.A. seemedB. appearsC. looksD. remains16._______ happened that I met one of my friends yesterday.A.I B. That C. It D. How17.I think _______ right that you didn’t tell him the bad news.A. it B. its C. you D. that18. _______ to say which one I should choose.A. That’s hardB. It is hardC. There no useD. It no good19._______ surprised me most was that she had become a famous singer.A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. This20.______ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.A. ItB. IC. WeD. They21.He felt ______ to work for human rights and progress.A. it his dutyB. his dutyC. that is a dutyD. that is his duty22.People in the west makes ______ a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.A. thatB. itC. thisD. The thing23.________needs further discussio n whether we’ll build a library or not.A. WeB. HeC. ItD. The thing24._______ is no good _______ without doing anything.A. This, talkingB. It, to talkC. It, talkingD. That, to talk25.________ is no difference between them.A. There B. WhereC. ItD. What26.Was it _______ that they saw A. she B. that she C. herD. herself27._______ being Sunday, the library was closed.A. That B. It is C. It D. This28.It was evening _______ we arrived there.A. that B. whenC. thisD. since29.It was in the village ______ now is a small town ________ the earthquake occurred.A. where, whichB. which, whereC. which, thatD. that, where30.----Few children are as bright as he is, and also, he works very hard.----It’s no ______ that he always gets the first place in any examination.A. questionB. doubtC. problemD. wonder答案与提示：1.C it在此句中是形式主语,真正(de)主语是that从句.这个句型(de)结构是：it be +过去分词 +that 从句.2.D it takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“花费时间做某事”.It是形式主语,代替不定式短语.此句是将来时态.3.D 本题用(de)是there be句型.There is no need to…是这个句型(de)一种表达方式,意思是“没有必要…”.4.D I had expected(de)宾语是前面所提到(de)play.英语中,通常用it 和one来替代前面单数名词,可以选C或D, one所代替(de)是同类事物中“一个”,而it所代替(de)是前面提到过(de)同一事物,所以答案为D.5.A to master a foreign language without much memory work是动词不定式短语作think(de)宾语.当句子(de)宾语是动词不定式或that从句时,我们通常用it作形式宾语,但是如果宾语不与形容词在一起,一般不能用it作形式宾语.6.B 本题是一般疑问句.matter(有关系,要紧)经常用于否定句和疑问句,常用句型是：Does it matter… It doesn’t matter….7.C不定代词one常用来代替与前面已提到(de)一个事物（人或东西）,以避免重复.one表示同类事物中(d e)“任一个”,即：表示泛指,而the one则表示确指.人称代词it被用来代替前面提到(de)那个东西.不定代词each常表示“每一个”(de)意思.根据题意（你要用我(de)尺子吗不,谢谢.我自己有一支.）和结构,应选C. 8.A 不定代词one 和the one都可以被用来代替前面提到过(de)一个同类事物（人或东西）,以避免重复.one 表示泛指,而the one表示确指.题意为：“你指(de)是哪个人”“那位戴一只新金表(de).”9.A It is /has been…since…did…(时间状语从句) 意思为：自从…以来已有…时间了.10.D It won’t be …before…“用不了（多长时间）就会…”,其中before 引导(de)是时间状语从句,所以应用现在时态.11.B It is /has been…since…did…(时间状语从句) 意思为：自从…以来已有…时间了.题意为：你们家搬到这里已多长时间了 12.A It is a pity that…其中it是形式主语,that从句是真正(de)主语.13.A one表示同类事物中(de)“任一个”,即：表示泛指.人称代词it被用来代替前面提到(de)那个东西.no more than 表示“仅仅,只有”.14.C it 作形式宾语,真正(de)宾语是后面(de)that 从句.15.B it seems/appears that…为固定句型,“似乎…”.选项A(de)时态不对.16.C it happened that…为固定句型,意思是“碰巧…”.题意为：昨天我碰巧碰到了我一位朋友.17.A it 作形式宾语,真正(de)宾语是“that you didn’t tell him the bad news”18.B it 作形式主语,后面(de)不定式短语作真正(de)主语.19.C what surprised me most 在本题中是主语从句.如果选B, 则应把原题中(de)was 去掉,变为：It surprised me most that she had become a famous singer. (it 做形式主语)20.A 本题用(de)是句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间.其中it作形式主语.21.A feel/ find/ th ink / consider/ make/ regard…+ it +名词/ 形容词 +不定式短语, 其中it做形式宾语,真正(de)宾语是“to work for human rights and progress”22.B make / find/ think / consider/ feel / regard…+ it +名词/ 形容词 +不定式短语, 其中it做形式宾语,真正(de)宾语是“to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends”23.C it作形式主语,真正(de)主语是后面(de)从句“whether we’ll build a library or not”24.C本题用(de)是句型：It is no good doing sth. 意思是“干…没用/好处” 其中it 作形式主语,用来代替后面(de)动名词短语.25.A 本题用(de)是固定句型：There is no difference between…意思是“和…之间没/有区别”,注意别误选it. 26.C 本题为一个由强调句变成(de)一般疑问句,被强调(de)人称代词为宾格.原句应为：They saw her. 选项B(de)句子结构语法不对. 27.C It being Sunday是独立主格结构,在此相当于原因状语从句.it在此题中表示时间. 28.B It’s + 时间名词+ when…；It’s + 时间状语+that… 这是一个强调句.本题中(de)evening为时间名词,所以应选B. 29.C 本题第一个空填which, 引导(de)是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the village. 第二个空是强调句,所以选that,“是在这个村庄发生了地震”.30.D It’s no wonder that…为固定句型,意思是“难怪…”.。
it作形主的用法
it作形主的用法“It作形主的用法”是指使用it做形式主语，即在句子中无实际含义的主语，通常是一些动词、表语或状语从句。
it这个词有多种用法，因此它可以用来代替不同的句子成分。
在英语中，it作形主语最常用于三种情况：1、it作形式主语：在英语中，it常常被用作形式主语，以强调句子的其余部分。
例如：It is said that he is a very good student.It is believed that the earth is round.2、it作形式宾语：it也可以用作形式宾语，用来代替一个真正的宾语，强调句子的其余部分。
例如：She made it clear that she wouldn't go.He proved it wrong that he was not guilty.3、it作形式状语从句：it也可以用作形式状语从句，用来代替一个真正的状语从句，强调句子的其余部分。
例如：He said it as if he had known everything.He did it as though he had done it many times before.此外，it还有一种特殊的用法，即在句中作为虚拟语气的主语。
这种情况下，it用来引出一个虚拟条件句，带有一种意思是“如果……”。
例如：If it rains, we will stay at home.It would be nice if you could come to my party.以上就是“it作形主的用法”的详细说明。
从上文可以看出，it作形式主语、形式宾语和形式状语从句，并在句中作为虚拟语气的主语，是一种常见的用法。
只要我们能够正确地理解它的用法，就能够在日常的学习和交流中正确使用它。
it做形式主语时的用法
it做形式主语时的用法It作为形式主语时，常常用于代替后面真实主语的从句、动名词或不定式，以避免句子结构显得过于复杂或者不平衡。
以下是It 作为形式主语的几种常见用法：1、It + be + 形容词 + that从句：这种句型中的形容词通常是表示性格、品质的形容词，如nice、kind、stupid等。
例如：It is kind of you to help me. 你真好，帮了我。
2、It + be + 名词 + that从句：这种句型中的名词通常是表示时间、距离、度量衡等概念的名词。
例如：It is five years since we last met. 我们上次见面已经五年了。
3、It + be + 介词短语/副词 + that从句：这种句型中的介词短语或副词通常用来描述地点、方式等。
例如：It is in this room that we had the party. 我们就是在这个房间里开派对的。
4、It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句：这种句型中的动词过去分词通常是表示完成的动词，如known、heard、seen等。
例如：It is said that he has gone abroad. 据说他已经出国了。
5、It + be + 不定式短语/动名词 + that从句：这种句型中的不定式短语或动名词通常用来描述将来的动作或一般性的情况。
例如：It is to study hard that he will succeed. 他只有努力学习才会成功。
需要注意的是，在It作为形式主语的句子中，真正的主语通常是一个从句或非谓语动词短语，这些从句或短语被放在句子的后面，以保持句子的平衡和流畅。
“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解
新希望英语语法精讲—--—--“It"作形式主语和形式宾语“It"作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。
无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it 用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一.现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法,进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。
一、It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词(短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾.此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义.e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie。
(说谎是错误的.) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。
）〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。
) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕It 作形式主语的常见句型：①It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….e。
g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. （学一门外语非常重要.)It is useless crying over the spilt milk。
（覆水难收.）It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。
)②It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….e。
g。
It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。
）It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. （你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。
It作形式主语常见用法
It作形式主语常见句型1.It + be +形容词+ that-从句可用于此句型的形容词有: wonderful, true，good，right，wrong，（un）important，useless，surprising，disturbing,frightening,alarming,clear，unusual，lucky，certain, necessary等。
如：①It is quite certain that he will be at the meeting.他将出席会议是无疑的。
②It is surprising that he came late to school this morning.他今天早上迟到真令人惊讶。
③It is important that we (should) study hard.我们努力学习是很重要的。
注意: 该句型中的形容词是（un）important, necessary等时，从句应为(should )+动词原形。
It is important that we (should) learn English well.It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.2.It + be +名词+ that-从句适用该句型的名词（词组）有: a pity，an honor，a good thing，a fact，a surprise，a question,a shame,a custom, a truth,our hope, no wonder, good/bad manners等。
如：①It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week. 你错过了上周的运动会太可惜了。
②It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 事实上英语已经被作为一种国际语言而接受了。
“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解
it作形式主语和形式宾语it既可作人称代词，用来表示动物或无生命的物体等，也可以作无人称代词，在句中作主语，表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等。
它还可以引导强调句，使语气得以加强。
此外，it在句中能作引导词，充当句子中的形式上的成分，如形式主语、形式宾语等。
㈠it作形式主语：it作形式主语时没有具体的意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去，使句子显得平稳一些。
it作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。
1. it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：It + be +形容词+ (for/of sb.) to do sth.It + be + 名词+ to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务如：①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law）②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese）③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps）④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
（it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge）⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。
It作形式主语和形式宾语用法详解
新希望英语语法精讲------“It”作形式主语和形式宾语“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解It作形式主语和形式宾语用法,是英语学习的主要语法项目之一;无论是单项选择,还是完行填空,it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一;现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法,进行如下归纳分析,以供学习参考;一、 It 用作形式主语当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾;此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义;. It is wrong to tell a lie. 说谎是错误的; 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it. 争吵是没用的; 〔It为arguing about it 的形式主语〕It is uncertain who will come. 谁要来还不确定; 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕It 作形式主语的常见句型：① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that ….. It is very important to learn a foreign language. 学一门外语非常重要;It is useless crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收;It was really surprising that she married a man like that.她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶;② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that ….. It is no good telling lies. 撒谎没好处;It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. 你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾;It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.没有共产党就没有新中国,这是毋庸质疑的;③ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. 据说他们发明了一种新型电脑;It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列;It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.据报道,至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生;④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that ….. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲;It appears that Tom might change his mind. 看来汤姆可能会改变主意;⑤若句子是疑问形式,就只能用it作形式主语;. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow 他们明天不来很重要吗Is it true that he will go abroad next week 他下周出国是真的吗⑥ It + takes + sb. + some time + to do sth. 这是一个表示“某人花多少时间干某事”的句型,其中it是形式主语,代替后面的不定式to do sth.,句型中的sb.也可以省略;. It took me some time to read the reading materials.我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料;It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时;How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train 从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there. 我不能肯定,但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿;二、It 用作形式宾语当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句在某个句子中作宾语时,为保持句子结构平衡,避免句式结构的混乱,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾;此时it仍只起先行引导作用,本身无词义;下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语：①当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等；. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快;I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English. 我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难;He makes it a rule never to borrow money. 他立志决不向别人借钱;I think it no need talking about it with them. 我认为没必要跟他们谈;②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,如like, enjoy, love, hate等,往往不能直接接宾语从句；. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy. 我不喜欢他那么懒惰;I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. 我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋;③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；. You may depend on it that we shall always help you. 尽管放心,我们会随时帮你的;Would you see to it that she gets home early 你负责保证她早到家,好吗 He insisted on it that he was innocent. 他坚持说自己是无辜的;④由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中,宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时,须借用it;. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it. 我让你自己判断这事是否该做;We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident. 多亏了你才没有发生严重事故;练习一1. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day A. thisB. thatC. itD. he2. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work..A. thisB. thatC. itsD. it3. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time A. this B. thatC. heD. it4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____ didn’t help. A. he B. which C. she D. it5. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It6. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them7. Don’t _______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful. A. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted 8. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one练习二1. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the . This; that B. That; thatC. It; thatD. He; that2. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our . that B. this C. it D. them3. ______ that the scientist will give us a talk next monthA. Is trueB. Is it trueC. It’s trueD. It’s truly4. ____ doesn’t matter much _____ dress you are going to . This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who5. _______ is going to America for further study.A. He is said thatB. People said that heC. It was said heD. It is said that he6. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so . This B. That C. There D. It7. Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceshipA. this B. there C. that D. it8. She liked _______ when he kissed her. A. him B. that C. oneD. it9. _______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. A. ItB. ThereC. ThoseD. One10. We think _______ our duty to pay taxes to our . that B. this C. its D. itKey: 练习一1-8 CDDDDADC 练习二1-5 CCBCD 6-10 DDDADit作形式主语和形式宾语it既可作人称代词,用来表示动物或无生命的物体等,也可以作无人称代词,在句中作主语,表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等;它还可以引导强调句,使语气得以加强;此外,it在句中能作引导词,充当句子中的形式上的成分,如形式主语、形式宾语等;㈠it作形式主语：it作形式主语时没有具体的意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去,使句子显得平稳一些;it作形式主语时,可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句;1. it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：It + be +形容词+ for/of sb. to do sth.It + be + 名词+ to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务如：①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说,学习汉语是困难的;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to stare at people⑥It is up to us to help those in need.帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to help those in need⑦It is not up to you to tell me how to do my job.我怎样干我的工作不用你来多嘴;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to tell me how to do my job◆ It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.与It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth.：如果句型中的形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格,在逻辑上可以作sb.的表语,则sb.前应用介词of,否则就用for;如：①It’s necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的;②It’s important for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说是重要的;③It’s kin d of you to help me.感谢你对我的帮助;= You are kind to help me.④It was foolish of him to give up the job.他放弃那工作是愚蠢的= He was foolish to give up the job.⒉ it代替动名词短语：动名词作主语用后置形式的情况远不及不定式那么普遍,常限于no good, no use, useless, waste等词的后面;①It is no good/ use having a car if you can’t drive.如果你不会开车,有车也没用;it作形式主语,代替动名词短语having a car②It is a waste of time watching TV.看电视是浪费时间; it作形式主语,代替动名词短语watching TV③It is no use asking him.问他没有用;it作形式主语,代替动名词短语asking him④It is no use talking to him about it.和他谈这事没有用; it作形式主语,代替动名词短语talking to him about it⒊it代替主语从句：这个主语从句可以用连词that引导,也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导;如：①It was clear that they had no desire for peace.很清楚他们没有和平的诚意;it作形式主语,代替主语从句that they had no desire for peace②It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.她能否来还很难说;it作形式主语,代替主语从句whether she will be able to come③It was clear enough what she meant.她的意思是够清楚的; it作形式主语,代替主语从句what she meant④It hasn’t been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.还没明确宣布新路什么时候通车; it作形式主语,代替主语从句when the new road is to be opened to traffic⑤It is a mystery to me how it all happened.这都是怎么发生的对于我来说还是一个谜;it作形式主语,代替主语从句how it all happened用it作形式主语,把真正的主语从句移至后面的常见句型有：◆ It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/ a wonder… that…如：①It was a pity that the engi neer couldn’t come.可惜工程师没能够来;②It is a wonder that he continues to gamble when he always loses令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌;③It isno wonder that you were late难怪你来晚了;④It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic.真可惜,这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了;⑤It is a fact that English is being accepted as international language.英语被认为是国际语言,这是一个事实;◆ It is + 形容词如：strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important…that …如：①It is certain that he will win.他一定会取胜;②It is important that we should learn from each other and help each other.我们应当互相学习,互相帮助,这是很重要的;③It was obvious that the child had been badly treated.很显然那个孩子受过虐待;④It is likely that he will ring me tonight.他今晚可能给我打;⑤It is strange that he should have left without telling us. 真奇怪,他也没说一声就走了;⑥It is unlikely that their group will get ahead of us. 他们小组不会赶到我们前头去;◆It seems/ happened/ turned out/ suddenly struck me/ occurred to me…that …如：①It happened that I wasn’t there that da y. 恰好那天我不在那里;②It seems that his idea is more practical.看起来他的意见更实际一些;③It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve that problem.我忽然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题;◆ It + be + 过去分词如：said/ reported/ announced/ decided/ expected/ hoped/ known/ believed…that…如：①It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.相当于：People hope that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon人们希望鹿的数目将会很快增加;②It is said that nothing has been done about it. 据说至今对此没采取任何措施;③It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident.据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生;④It is known that he is one of the best teachers in our school.大家都知道他是我们学校最好的教师之一;⑤It is believed that the flood there is the biggest in 100 years.据认为那儿的洪水是百年来最大的洪水;注意要在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/proposed…that…的主语从句中用虚拟语气：should + 动词原形如：①It is requested that he give a performance at the party.有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目;②It is suggested that we should get everything ready by tonight.建议一切在今晚准备好;③It is ordered that the radio be sent there at once.据命令,这台收音机要立刻送到那里去;◆ It doesn’t matter +连接代词或副词…It doesn’t make too much difference+连接代词或副词…如：①It doesn’t matter whether he comes or not.他来还是不来都没关系;②It won’t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.你今天去也好,明天去也好,关系不大;㈡it作形式宾语：it作形式宾语时,可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句;it作形式宾语时,需具备两个条件：①真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句②有宾语补足语具备了这两个条件,形式宾语it一定要用;1. it代替不定式短语think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard…+ it +形容词/名词+ 不定式短语如：①I find it pleasant to work with him.it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to work with him我觉得和他一起工作很愉快;②They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to finish the work in such a short time他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的;③She thinks it her duty to help us. it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to help us她觉得帮助我们是她的责任;④I think it my honor to be invited to speak here.it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to be invited to speak here我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀;⑤Tom didn’t find it difficult to write letters in Chinese.it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to write letters in Chinese汤姆发现用汉语写信不难;⑥All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to go on with the work这些噪音使我无法继续工作;⒉it代替动名词短语这只限于少数句型,在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些如：①The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处;②Do you consider it any good trying again你觉得再试会有好处吗③He found it useless no use arguing with him.他发现和他辩论没有用;④He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible.想做不可能的事情,他认为是完全没道理的;⑤I don’t think it worthwhile going to such a place.到这样一个地方去我看是不值得的;⒊ it代替宾语从句：如：①We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾;②I took it for granted that they were not coming.我想他们准是不会来的了;③I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time.我负责使一切都按时准备好;㈢含it 的常用句型英语中有一些固定句型中含有it,应注意这些句型的使用;1. It be + 被强调部分+ that/ who + 其他成分强调句型可以强调一个句子的主语、宾语、表语及状语等成分;如果被强调的成分是表示人的词,可以用that或whowhom连接其他成分；被强调的成分是表示人以外的词,例如表示事物、时间或地点的词,用that连接其他成分;例如我们可以用强调句型强调下列句子的主语如⑴、宾语如⑵、地点状语如⑶及时间状语如⑷I met Peter in Japan last year.⑴ It was I who/that met Peter in Japan last year.⑵ It was Peter whom/that I met in Japan last year.⑶ It was in Japan that I met Peter last year.⑷ It was last year that I met Peter in Japan.not …until 也可用于强调句型例1Mr Brown didn’t come back until eleven o’clock.可变为：It was not until eleven o’clock that Mr Brown came back.例2 The rain didn’t stop until midnight.可变为：It was not until midnight that the rain stopped.强调句也可变为特殊疑问句例1It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.可变为：When was it that the PRC was founded例2 Your dad worked in this factory two years ago.可变为：Where was it that your dad worked two years ago2It’s + 地点状语+ that…强调句It’s +地点名词+ where… 定语从句如：①It is the town where I was born.the town 为地点名词,定语从句这是我出生的镇子;②It was in the town that I was born.in the town为地点状语,强调句型我出生在这个镇子;’s + 时间名词+ when…时间状语从句It’s + 时间状语+that…强调句如：①It was at 8 o’clock that he returned.at 8 o’clock是时间状语,强调句他是在八点钟回来的;②It was 8 o’clock when he returned.8 o’clock 是时间名词,时间状语从句他回来的时候是八点钟;4. if it is convenient to you 如果你方便的话如：If it is convenient to you, you can start tomorrow.如果方便的话,你明天可以动身;5. believe it or not 信不信由你如：①Believe it or not, I’ll go abroad next month.不管你信还是不信,我下个月要出国;②Believer it or not, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.信不信由你我们冒雨等了两个小时;6. It’s time that…did / should do …定语从句如：①It is time that I went and picked up my daughter from school.我该去学校接我女儿放学了;②It’s high time that we stopped/should stop this practice.我们的确该停止这种做法了;7. It i s /has been…since…did…时间状语从句如：It is just a week since we arrived here.我们来这里已一星期了;8.It won’t be …before…用不了多长时间就会…It will be…before…得过多长时间才…It wasn’t …before…没过多长时间就…It was…before…过了多长时间才…①It will be a long time before we finish the task.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务;②It wasn’t long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会使用计算机了;③It was some time before he told me about this affair.过了一段时间之后他告诉了我这件事;④It won’t be long before we meet again.不久之后我们还会再见面的;㈣易混用其他句型英语中有一些句型不含it, 但却易被误用了it,常见的有以下句型：⒈ There is something/nothing wrong/ the matter with sb./ sth.如：There is nothing wrong /the matter with him. He’s just pretending.他没什么事,他只是在装呢;2. There is no doubt about…对…毫不怀疑There is no doubt that…对…毫不怀疑如：①There is no doubt about his suitability for the job.毫无疑问,他适合这个工作;②There is no doubt about the fact.关于这个事实毫无怀疑;③There is no doubt that he is hard to deal with.毫无置疑他很难对付;⒊ There is no need for sb. to do sth.没必要…如：①There was no need for him to remain in Paris.他没有必要继续留在巴黎;②There is no need for you to start yet.你现在还不必动身;is no/a possibility that… …没可能/有可能= It is impossible/possible that …如：①There is a possibility that the train may be late.可能火车要晚点;②There is no possibility that we’ll see him this weekend.我们本周末不可能见到他;is a chance that …可能…如：There is a chance that the sick child will get well.这个生病的孩子可能会好起来的;be no/ some differences between…and……和…之间没/有区别如：There are some differences between the two languages.这两种语言之间有些区别;7. After what seemed + 时间如：After what seemed a very long time, the wounded soldier came back to life.在经过似乎很长的一段时间之后,那个受伤的士兵苏醒了过来;8. There be difficulty/ trouble in doing sth.干…有困难如：here was no difficulty in finding him.找到他没费什么事;习题演练：is reported that he got seven gold . That B. Word C. It D.Newslong ______ to finish the workA. you will takeB. will you takeC. you will take itD. will it take youno need for us to discuss the problem again. It has already been settled.A. It hasB. There hasC. It isD. There iswas disappointed with the play. I had expected _____ to be much better.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. itdon’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. itB. thatC. itsD. this_______ matter if he can’t finish the job on timeA. this B. it C. he D. thatyou need my ruler----No, thanks. I’ve got _______ myself.A. itB. eachC. oneD. the oneperson do you mean----______ who wears a new gold watch.A. The oneB. OneC. EachD. It_____ three years since I left . has been B. was C. had been D. will bewon’t be long _____ the island ________ to our motherland.A. when, returnsB. before, will returnC. since, returnsD. before, returnsmany years is it ______ your family moved hereA. afterB. sinceC. beforeD. untilis a pity that you forgot both her address and her telephone number.A. ItB. ThereC. ThisD. Thatsaw no more than one copy left in the bookshop. Will you go and buy ______A. itB. someC. anyD. oneyou see to ______ that the luggage is brought backA. meB. yourselfC. itD. them_______ that she has lost interest in studying English.A. seemedB. appearsC. looksD. remainshappened that I met one of my friends . I B. That C. It D. Howthink _______ right that you didn’t tell him the bad . it B. its C. youD. that18. _______ to say which one I should choose.A. That’s hardB. It is hardC. There no useD. It no goodsurprised me most was that she had become a famous singer.A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. Thiswill take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.A. ItB. IC. WeD. Theyfelt ______ to work for human rights and progress.A. it his dutyB. his dutyC. that is a dutyD. that is his dutyin the west makes ______ a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.A. thatB. itC. thisD. The thingfurther discussion whether we’ll build a library or not.A. WeB. HeC. ItD. The thingis no good _______ without doing anything.A. This, talkingB. It, to talkC. It, talkingD. That, to talkis no difference between . There B. Where C. It D. Whatit _______ that they sawA. she B. that she C. her D. herselfbeing Sunday, the library was . That B. It is C. It D. Thiswas evening _______ we arrived . that B. when C. this D. sincewas in the village ______ now is a small town ________ the earthquake occurred.A. where, whichB. which, whereC. which, thatD. that, wherechildren are as bright as he is, and also, he works very hard.----It’s no ______ that he always gets the first place in any examination.A. questionB. doubtC. problemD. wonder答案与提示：it在此句中是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句;这个句型的结构是：it be +过去分词+that 从句;it takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“花费时间做某事”;It是形式主语,代替不定式短语;此句是将来时态;本题用的是there be句型;There is no need to…是这个句型的一种表达方式,意思是“没有必要…”;I had expected的宾语是前面所提到的play;英语中,通常用it 和one来替代前面单数名词,可以选C或D, one所代替的是同类事物中“一个”,而it所代替的是前面提到过的同一事物,所以答案为D;to master a foreign language without much memory work是动词不定式短语作think的宾语;当句子的宾语是动词不定式或that从句时,我们通常用it作形式宾语,但是如果宾语不与形容词在一起,一般不能用it作形式宾语;本题是一般疑问句;matter有关系,要紧经常用于否定句和疑问句,常用句型是：Does it matter… It doesn’t matter…;不定代词one常用来代替与前面已提到的一个事物人或东西,以避免重复;one表示同类事物中的“任一个”,即：表示泛指,而the one则表示确指;人称代词it被用来代替前面提到的那个东西;不定代词each常表示“每一个”的意思;根据题意你要用我的尺子吗不,谢谢;我自己有一支;和结构,应选C;不定代词one 和the one都可以被用来代替前面提到过的一个同类事物人或东西,以避免重复;one 表示泛指,而the one表示确指;题意为：“你指的是哪个人”“那位戴一只新金表的;”It is /has been…since…did…时间状语从句意思为：自从…以来已有…时间了;It won’t be …before…“用不了多长时间就会…”,其中before引导的是时间状语从句,所以应用现在时态;It is /has been…since…did…时间状语从句意思为：自从…以来已有…时间了;题意为：你们家搬到这里已多长时间了It is a pity that…其中it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语;one表示同类事物中的“任一个”,即：表示泛指;人称代词it被用来代替前面提到的那个东西;no more than 表示“仅仅,只有”;it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that 从句;it seems/appears that…为固定句型,“似乎…”;选项A的时态不对;it happened that…为固定句型,意思是“碰巧…”;题意为：昨天我碰巧碰到了我一位朋友;it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是“that you didn’t tell him the bad news”it 作形式主语,后面的不定式短语作真正的主语;what surprised me most 在本题中是主语从句;如果选B, 则应把原题中的was去掉,变为：It surprised me most that she had become a famous singer. it 做形式主语本题用的是句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间;其中it作形式主语;feel/ find/ think / consider/ make/ regard…+ it +名词/ 形容词+不定式短语, 其中it做形式宾语,真正的宾语是“to work for human rights and progress”make / find/ think / consider/ feel / regard…+ it +名词/ 形容词+不定式短语, 其中it做形式宾语,真正的宾语是“to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends”it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句“whether we’ll build a library or not”本题用的是句型：It is no good doing sth. 意思是“干…没用/好处” 其中it 作形式主语,用来代替后面的动名词短语;本题用的是固定句型：There is no difference between…意思是“和…之间没/有区别”,注意别误选it;本题为一个由强调句变成的一般疑问句,被强调的人称代词为宾格;原句应为：They saw her. 选项B的句子结构语法不对;It being Sunday是独立主格结构,在此相当于原因状语从句;it在此题中表示时间;It’s + 时间名词+ when…；It’s + 时间状语+that… 这是一个强调句;本题中的evening为时间名词,所以应选B;本题第一个空填which, 引导的是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the village; 第二个空是强调句,所以选that,“是在这个村庄发生了地震”;It’s no wonder that…为固定句型,意思是“难怪…”;。
It作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解
新希望英语语法精讲------“It”作形式主语和形式宾语“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解It作形式主语和形式宾语用法,是英语学习的主要语法项目之一;无论是单项选择,还是完行填空,it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一;现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法,进行如下归纳分析,以供学习参考;一、It 用作形式主语当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句在某个句子中作主语时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻,因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语放在句尾;此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无词义;. It is wrong to tell a lie. 说谎是错误的; 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it. 争吵是没用的; 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕It is uncertain who will come. 谁要来还不确定; 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕It 作形式主语的常见句型：①It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….. It is very important to learn a foreign language. 学一门外语非常重要;It is useless crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收;It was really surprising that she married a man like that.她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶;②It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….. It is no good telling lies. 撒谎没好处;It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. 你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾;It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.没有共产党就没有新中国,这是毋庸质疑的;③It + be + 过去分词+ that ….该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. 据说他们发明了一种新型电脑;It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列;It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.据报道,至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生;④It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词+ that ….. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲;It appears that Tom might change his mind. 看来汤姆可能会改变主意;⑤若句子是疑问形式,就只能用it作形式主语;. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow他们明天不来很重要吗Is it true that he will go abroad next week 他下周出国是真的吗⑥It + takes + sb. + some time + to do sth. 这是一个表示“某人花多少时间干某事”的句型,其中it是形式主语,代替后面的不定式to do sth.,句型中的sb.也可以省略;. It took me some time to read the reading materials.我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料;It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时;How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.我不能肯定,但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿;二、It 用作形式宾语当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句在某个句子中作宾语时,为保持句子结构平衡,避免句式结构的混乱,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾;此时it仍只起先行引导作用,本身无词义;下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语：①当不定式短语、动名词短语或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等；. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快;I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English. 我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难;He makes it a rule never to borrow money. 他立志决不向别人借钱;I think it no need talking about it with them. 我认为没必要跟他们谈;②某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,如like, enjoy, love, hate等,往往不能直接接宾语从句；. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy. 我不喜欢他那么懒惰;I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. 我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋;③that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；. You may depend on it that we shall always help you. 尽管放心,我们会随时帮你的;Would you see to it that she gets home early 你负责保证她早到家,好吗He insisted on it that he was innocent. 他坚持说自己是无辜的;④由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中,宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时,须借用it;. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it. 我让你自己判断这事是否该做;We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident. 多亏了你才没有发生严重事故;练习一1. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National DayA. thisB. thatC. itD. he2. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign la nguage without much memory work..A. thisB. thatC. itsD. it3. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time A. this B. that C. he D. it4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____ didn’t help. A. he B. whic h C. she D. it5. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It6. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them7. Don’t _______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful. A. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted8. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one练习二1. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the . This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that2. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our . that B. this C. it D. them3. ______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month A. Is true B. Is it true C. It’s true D. It’s truly4. ____ doesn’t matter much _____ dress you are going to . This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who5. _______ is going to America for further study.A. He is said thatB. People said that heC. It was said heD. It is said that he6. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so . This B. That C. There D. It7. Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship A. this B. there C. that D. it8. She liked _______ when he kissed her. A. him B. that C. one D. it9. _______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. A. It B. There C. Those D. One10. We think _______ our duty to pay taxes to our . that B. this C. its D. itKey: 练习一1-8 CDDDDADC 练习二1-5 CCBCD 6-10 DDDADit作形式主语和形式宾语it既可作人称代词,用来表示动物或无生命的物体等,也可以作无人称代词,在句中作主语,表示“时间”、“距离”、“天气”等;它还可以引导强调句,使语气得以加强;此外,it在句中能作引导词,充当句子中的形式上的成分,如形式主语、形式宾语等;㈠it作形式主语：it作形式主语时没有具体的意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移到句子后部去,使句子显得平稳一些;it作形式主语时,可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句;1. it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：It + be +形容词+ for/of sb. to do sth.It + be + 名词+ to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间It’s up to sb. to do sth. 干…是某人的职责或义务如：①It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to obey the law②It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说,学习汉语是困难的;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to learn Chinese③It is not right to use these places as rubbish dumps.把这些地方用来倒垃圾是不对的;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to use these places as rubbish dumps④It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to build the bridge⑤It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to stare at people⑥It is up to us to help those in need.帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to help those in need⑦It is not up to you to tell me how to do my job.我怎样干我的工作不用你来多嘴;it作形式主语, 代替不定式短语to tell me how to do my job◆ It be + 形容词+ for sb. to do sth.与It be + 形容词+of sb. to do sth.：如果句型中的形容词描述的是sb.的品质、品格,在逻辑上可以作sb.的表语,则sb.前应用介词of,否则就用for;如：①It’s necessary for us to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes.我们用一台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的;②It’s important for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说是重要的;③It’s kind of you to help me.感谢你对我的帮助;= You are kind to help me.④It was foolish of him to give up the job.他放弃那工作是愚蠢的= He was foolish to give up the job.⒉ it代替动名词短语：动名词作主语用后置形式的情况远不及不定式那么普遍,常限于no good, no use, useless, waste等词的后面;①It is no good/ use having a car if you can’t drive.如果你不会开车,有车也没用;it作形式主语,代替动名词短语having a car②It is a waste of time watching TV.看电视是浪费时间; it作形式主语,代替动名词短语watching TV③It is no use asking him.问他没有用;it作形式主语,代替动名词短语asking him④It is no use talking to him about it.和他谈这事没有用; it作形式主语,代替动名词短语talking to him about it⒊ it代替主语从句：这个主语从句可以用连词that引导,也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导;如：①It was clear that they had no desire for peace.很清楚他们没有和平的诚意;it作形式主语,代替主语从句that they had no desire for peace②It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.她能否来还很难说;it作形式主语,代替主语从句whether she will be able to come③It was clear enough what she meant.她的意思是够清楚的; it作形式主语,代替主语从句what she meant④It hasn’t been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.还没明确宣布新路什么时候通车; it作形式主语,代替主语从句when the new road is to be opened to traffic⑤It is a mystery to me how it all happened.这都是怎么发生的对于我来说还是一个谜;it作形式主语,代替主语从句how it all happened用it作形式主语,把真正的主语从句移至后面的常见句型有：◆ It is a pity/ a shame/ a fact/ an honour/ good news/ no wonder/ a wonder… that…如：①It was a pity that the engineer couldn’t come.可惜工程师没能够来;②It is a wonder that he continues to gamble when he always loses令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌;③It isno wonder that you were late难怪你来晚了;④It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic.真可惜,这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了;⑤It is a fact that English is being accepted as international language.英语被认为是国际语言,这是一个事实;◆It is + 形容词如：strange/ natural/ surprising/ obvious/ true/ fortunate/ wonderful/ funny/ possible/ impossible/ likely/ unlikely/ clear/ unusual/ certain/ important…that …如：①It is certain that he will win.他一定会取胜;②It is important that we should learn from each other and help each other.我们应当互相学习,互相帮助,这是很重要的;③It was obvious that the child had been badly treated.很显然那个孩子受过虐待;④It is likely that he will ring me tonight.他今晚可能给我打电话;⑤It is strange that he should have left without telling us. 真奇怪,他也没说一声就走了;⑥It is unlikely that their group will get ahead of us. 他们小组不会赶到我们前头去;◆ It seems/ happened/ turned out/ suddenly struck me/ occurred to me…that …如：①It happened that I wasn’t there that day.恰好那天我不在那里;②It seems that his idea is more practical.看起来他的意见更实际一些;③It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve that problem.我忽然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题;◆It + be + 过去分词如：said/ reported/ announced/ decided/ expected/ hoped/ known/ believed…that…如：①It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.相当于：People hope that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon人们希望鹿的数目将会很快增加;②It is said that nothing has been done about it. 据说至今对此没采取任何措施;③It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident.据报道在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生;④It is known that he is one of the best teachers in our school.大家都知道他是我们学校最好的教师之一;⑤It is believed that the flood there is the biggest in 100 years.据认为那儿的洪水是百年来最大的洪水;注意要在It is suggested/required/desired/ordered/pr oposed…that…的主语从句中用虚拟语气：should + 动词原形如：①It is requested that he give a performance at the party.有人请求他在聚会上表演一个节目;②It is suggested that we should get everything ready by tonight.建议一切在今晚准备好;③It is ordered that the radio be sent there at once.据命令,这台收音机要立刻送到那里去;◆ It doesn’t matter +连接代词或副词…It doesn’t make too much difference+连接代词或副词…如：①It doesn’t matter whether he comes or not.他来还是不来都没关系;②It won’t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.你今天去也好,明天去也好,关系不大;㈡it作形式宾语：it作形式宾语时,可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句;it作形式宾语时,需具备两个条件：①真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句②有宾语补足语具备了这两个条件,形式宾语it一定要用;1. it代替不定式短语think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard…+ it +形容词/名词+ 不定式短语如：①I find it pleasant to work with him.it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to work with him我觉得和他一起工作很愉快;②They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to finish the work in such a short time他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的;③She thinks it her duty to help us. it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to help us她觉得帮助我们是她的责任;④I think it my honor to be invited to speak here.it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to be invited to speak here我觉得应邀在这儿演讲是我的荣耀;⑤Tom didn’t find it difficult to write letters in Chinese.it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to write letters in Chinese汤姆发现用汉语写信不难;⑥All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.it 作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to go on with the work这些噪音使我无法继续工作;⒉ it代替动名词短语这只限于少数句型,在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些如：①The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.这位教授认为阅读而不理解没有益处;②Do you consider it any good trying again你觉得再试会有好处吗③He found it useless no use arguing with him.他发现和他辩论没有用;④He thought it absolutely senseless attempting the impossible.想做不可能的事情,他认为是完全没道理的;⑤I don’t think it worthwhile going to such a place.到这样一个地方去我看是不值得的;⒊it代替宾语从句：如：①We all thought it a pity that the conference should have beencancelled.会议取消了我们都感到很遗憾;②I took it for granted that they were not coming.我想他们准是不会来的了;③I’ll see to it that everything is ready in time.我负责使一切都按时准备好;㈢含it 的常用句型英语中有一些固定句型中含有it,应注意这些句型的使用;1. It be + 被强调部分+ that/ who + 其他成分强调句型可以强调一个句子的主语、宾语、表语及状语等成分;如果被强调的成分是表示人的词,可以用that或whowhom连接其他成分；被强调的成分是表示人以外的词,例如表示事物、时间或地点的词,用that连接其他成分;例如我们可以用强调句型强调下列句子的主语如⑴、宾语如⑵、地点状语如⑶及时间状语如⑷I met Peter in Japan last year.⑴ It was I who/that met Peter in Japan last year.⑵ It was Peter whom/that I met in Japan last year.⑶ It was in Japan that I met Peter last year.⑷ It was last year that I met Peter in Japan.not …until 也可用于强调句型例1Mr Brown didn’t come back until eleven o’clock.可变为：It was not until eleven o’clock that Mr Brown came back.例2 The rain didn’t stop until midnight.可变为：It was not until midnight that the rain stopped.强调句也可变为特殊疑问句例1It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.可变为：When was it that the PRC was founded 例2 Your dad worked in this factory two years ago.可变为：Where was it that your dad worked two years ago2It’s + 地点状语+ that…强调句It’s +地点名词+ where… 定语从句如：①It is the town where I was born.the town 为地点名词,定语从句这是我出生的镇子;②It was in the town that I was born.in the town为地点状语,强调句型我出生在这个镇子;’s + 时间名词+ when…时间状语从句It’s + 时间状语+that…强调句如：①It was at 8 o’clock that he returned.at 8 o’clock是时间状语,强调句他是在八点钟回来的;②It was 8 o’clock when he returned.8 o’clock 是时间名词,时间状语从句他回来的时候是八点钟;4. if it is convenient to you 如果你方便的话如：If it is convenient to you, you can start tomorrow.如果方便的话,你明天可以动身;5. believe it or not 信不信由你如：①Believe it or not, I’ll go abroad next month.不管你信还是不信,我下个月要出国;②Believer it or not, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.信不信由你我们冒雨等了两个小时;6. It’s time that…did / should do …定语从句如：①It is time that I went and picked up my daughter from school.我该去学校接我女儿放学了;②It’s high time that we stopped/should stop this practice.我们的确该停止这种做法了;7. It is /has been…since…did…时间状语从句如：It is just a week since we arrived here.我们来这里已一星期了;8.It won’t be …before…用不了多长时间就会…It will be…before…得过多长时间才…It wasn’t …before…没过多长时间就…It was…before…过了多长时间才…①It will be a long time before we finish the task.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务;②It wasn’t long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会使用计算机了;③It was some time before he told me about this affair.过了一段时间之后他告诉了我这件事;④It won’t be long before we meet again.不久之后我们还会再见面的;㈣易混用其他句型英语中有一些句型不含it, 但却易被误用了it,常见的有以下句型：⒈ There is something/nothing wrong/ the matter with sb./ sth.如：There is nothing wrong /the matter with him. He’s just pretending.他没什么事,他只是在装呢;2. There is no doubt about…对…毫不怀疑There is no doubt that…对…毫不怀疑如：①There is no doubt about his suitability for the job.毫无疑问,他适合这个工作;②There is no doubt about the fact.关于这个事实毫无怀疑;③There is no doubt that he is hard to deal with.毫无置疑他很难对付;⒊ There is no need for sb. to do sth.没必要…如：①There was no need for him to remain in Paris.他没有必要继续留在巴黎;②There is no need for you to start yet.你现在还不必动身;is no/a possibility that… …没可能/有可能= It is impossible/possible that …如：①There is a possibility that the train may be late.可能火车要晚点;②There is no possibility that we’ll see him this weekend.我们本周末不可能见到他;is a chance t hat …可能…如：There is a chance that the sick child will get well.这个生病的孩子可能会好起来的;be no/ some differences between…and……和…之间没/有区别如：There are some differences between the two languages.这两种语言之间有些区别;7. After what seemed + 时间如：After what seemed a very long time, the wounded soldier came back to life.在经过似乎很长的一段时间之后,那个受伤的士兵苏醒了过来;8. There be difficulty/ trouble in doing sth.干…有困难如：here was no difficulty in finding him.找到他没费什么事;习题演练：is reported that he got seven gold . That B. Word C. It D. Newslong ______ to finish the workA. you will takeB. will you takeC. you will take itD. will it take youno need for us to discuss the problem again. It has already been settled.A. It hasB. There hasC. It isD. There iswas disappointed with the play. I had expected _____ to be much better.A. thatB. thisC. oneD. itdon’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. itB. thatC. itsD. this_______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time A. this B. it C. he D. thatyou need my ruler ----No, thanks. I’ve got _______ myself.A. itB. eachC. oneD. the oneperson do you mean----______ who wears a new gold watch.A. The oneB. OneC. EachD. It_____ three years since I left . has been B. was C. had been D. will bewon’t be long _____ the island ________ to our motherland.A. when, returnsB. before, will returnC. since, returnsD. before, returnsmany years is it ______ your family moved hereA. afterB. sinceC. beforeD. untilis a pity that you forgot both her address and her telephone number.A. ItB. ThereC. ThisD. Thatsaw no more than one copy left in the bookshop. Will you go and buy ______A. itB. someC. anyD. oneyou see to ______ that the luggage is brought backA. meB. yourselfC. itD. them_______ that she has lost interest in studying English.A. seemedB. appearsC. looksD. remainshappened that I met one of my friends . I B. That C. It D. Howthink _______ right that you didn’t tell him the bad . it B. its C. you D. that18. _______ to say which one I should choose.A. That’s hardB. It is hardC. There no useD. It no goodsurprised me most was that she had become a famous singer.A. ThatB. ItC. WhatD. Thiswill take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.A. ItB. IC. WeD. Theyfelt ______ to work for human rights and progress.A. it his dutyB. his dutyC. that is a dutyD. that is his dutyin the west makes ______ a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.A. thatB. itC. thisD. The thingfurther discussion whether we’ll build a library or not.A. WeB. HeC. ItD. The thingis no good _______ without doing anything.A. This, talkingB. It, to talkC. It, talkingD. That, to talkis no difference between . There B. Where C. It D. Whatit _______ that they saw A. she B. that she C. her D. herselfbeing Sunday, the library was . That B. It is C. It D. Thiswas evening _______ we arrived . that B. when C. this D. sincewas in the village ______ now is a small town ________ the earthquake occurred.A. where, whichB. which, whereC. which, thatD. that, wherechildren are as bright as he is, and also, he works very hard.----It’s no ______ that he always gets the first place in any examination.A. questionB. doubtC. problemD. wonder答案与提示：it在此句中是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句;这个句型的结构是：it be +过去分词+that 从句;it takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“花费时间做某事”;It是形式主语,代替不定式短语;此句是将来时态;本题用的是there be句型;There is no need to…是这个句型的一种表达方式,意思是“没有必要…”;I had expected的宾语是前面所提到的play;英语中,通常用it 和one来替代前面单数名词,可以选C或D, one所代替的是同类事物中“一个”,而it所代替的是前面提到过的同一事物,所以答案为D;to master a foreign language without much memory work是动词不定式短语作think的宾语;当句子的宾语是动词不定式或that从句时,我们通常用it作形式宾语,但是如果宾语不与形容词在一起,一般不能用it作形式宾语;本题是一般疑问句;matter有关系,要紧经常用于否定句和疑问句,常用句型是：Does it matter…It doesn’t matter…;不定代词one常用来代替与前面已提到的一个事物人或东西,以避免重复;one 表示同类事物中的“任一个”,即：表示泛指,而the one则表示确指;人称代词it被用来代替前面提到的那个东西;不定代词each常表示“每一个”的意思;根据题意你要用我的尺子吗不,谢谢;我自己有一支;和结构,应选C;不定代词one 和the one都可以被用来代替前面提到过的一个同类事物人或东西,以避免重复;one表示泛指,而the one表示确指;题意为：“你指的是哪个人”“那位戴一只新金表的;”It is /has been…since…did…时间状语从句意思为：自从…以来已有…时间了;It won’t be …before…“用不了多长时间就会…”,其中before引导的是时间状语从句,所以应用现在时态;It is /has been…since…did…时间状语从句意思为：自从…以来已有…时间了;题意为：你们家搬到这里已多长时间了It is a pity that…其中it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语;one表示同类事物中的“任一个”,即：表示泛指;人称代词it被用来代替前面提到的那个东西;no more than 表示“仅仅,只有”;it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that 从句;it seems/appears that…为固定句型,“似乎…”;选项A的时态不对;it happened that…为固定句型,意思是“碰巧…”;题意为：昨天我碰巧碰到了我一位朋友;it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是“that you didn’t tell him the bad news”it 作形式主语,后面的不定式短语作真正的主语;what surprised me most 在本题中是主语从句;如果选B, 则应把原题中的was去掉,变为：It surprised me most that she had become a famous singer. it 做形式主语本题用的是句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth. 干…花了某人…时间;其中it作形式主语;feel/ find/ think / consider/ make/ regard…+ it +名词/ 形容词+不定式短语, 其中it做形式宾语,真正的宾语是“to work for human rights and progress”make / find/ think / consider/ feel / regard…+ it +名词/ 形容词+不定式短语, 其中it做形式宾语,真正的宾语是“to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends”it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句“whether we’ll build a library or not”本题用的是句型：It is no good doing sth. 意思是“干…没用/好处” 其中it 作形式主语,用来代替后面的动名词短语;本题用的是固定句型：There is no difference between…意思是“和…之间没/有区别”,注意别误选it;本题为一个由强调句变成的一般疑问句,被强调的人称代词为宾格;原句应为：They saw her. 选项B的句子结构语法不对;It being Sunday是独立主格结构,在此相当于原因状语从句;it在此题中表示时间; It’s + 时间名词+ when…；It’s + 时间状语+that… 这是一个强调句;本题中的evening为时间名词,所以应选B;本题第一个空填which, 引导的是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the village; 第二个空是强调句,所以选that,“是在这个村庄发生了地震”;It’s no wonder that…为固定句型,意思是“难怪…”;。
it作形式主语和形式宾语用法
it作形式主语和形式宾语用法2009-09-21 09:58:41| 分类：study | 标签：|字号大中小订阅一、It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时it只起先行引导作用 ...一、It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie.(说谎是错误的。
) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it.(争吵是没用的。
) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕It is uncertain who will come.(谁要来还不确定。
) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕It 作形式主语的常见句型：①It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language.(学一门外语非常重要。
)It is useless crying over the spilt milk.(覆水难收。
)It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。
)②It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….e.g. It is no good telling lies.(撒谎没好处。
)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterda y.(你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。
英语语法：it用作形式主语的用法
英语语法：it用作形式主语的用法it用作形式主语的用法一、基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾：Is it necessary to tell his father everything? 有必要把这个切都告诉他父亲吗?It’s no good sitting up too late. 熬夜没有好处。
It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很显然，他读过这本书。
It doesn’t matter what he says. 他说什么没关系。
二、几种特殊的形式主语(1) 用作动词look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if从句)：It seems as if it is going to rain. 看来要下雨了。
It seems that he knows everything. 他好像什么都知道。
It (so) happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我没带钱。
From this witness it follows that he must be guilty. 根据该证人的证词判断，他一定有罪。
(2) 当系表结构后接有if 或when引出的状语从句时，通常在系表结构前使用形式主语表示说话人对某情况的看法：It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他这样做使我很吃惊。
It would be a tragedy if anything went wrong. 如果出了什么事就是一个悲剧。
(3) 用于其他固定句型，如if it were not for…(若不是因为)，it’s time that…(该…了)等。
it作形式主语的典型句型
fast. 你
是很 的。
4. It be + 名词（形容词）+ doing sth.
it代替真正的主语----- 动名词（短 语 ），可
用于这类句型的名词或形容词有dangerous,
nice, foolish, worth, waste, no good, not any
good, no use,not any use等。例 如 ：
make frie n d s .失去朋友比交朋友更容易。
2. It be + 形 容 词 + of sb. + 动词不定式
(短语）
it代 替 真 正 的 主 语 — 动 词 不 定 式 （短
语)。动词不定式的逻辑主语是由介词of引起
的 ，形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语性格特点
的词。常见的有bad, brave,careless,clever,
unusual, rare,impossible, pleasant等。例 如 ：
① It is important for her to come to
the party. 能
很重 。
" I t is difficult for him to do the math
problem.
是 的。
③ It’s very dangerous for you to run so
。
" I t is wrong of me to pick up your
umbrella.
你的 , 是 的不 。
“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解
it作形式主语和形式宾语一、it作形式主语：当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
it作形式主语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式、动名词和主语从句。
1. it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：如：It is everyone’s duty to obey the law.遵守法律是每个人的义务。
It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。
It took them a year to build the bridge.建这座桥花了他们一年的时间。
It is bad manners to stare at people.瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的。
It is up to us to help those in need.帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。
eg. It’s important for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说是重要的。
It’s kind of you to help me.感谢你对我的帮助。
⒉ it代替动名词短语：It’s no good/use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/浪费时间①It is no good/ use having a car if you can’t drive.如果你不会开车，有车也没用。
②It is a waste of time watching TV.看电视是浪费时间。
（it作形式主语,代替动名词短语watching TV）⒊ it代替主语从句：这个主语从句可以用连词that引导，也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。
如：①It was clear that they had no desire for peace.很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。
it做形式主语用法大全
It作形式主语常见句型动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it作形式主语，放到句首,常见句型有：1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如：It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not。
2. It + be + 名词词组+ 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity，a shame, an honour，a question等，如：It's a pity that you missed the exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come or not。
3。
It + be + 过去分词+ 主语从句，这类过去分词有:announced，believed，expected, hoped, decided, reported，said, shown等，如：It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.4. It + 不及物动词（seem, appear，happen等) + 主语从句，这类不及物动词有：appear，happen，seem等，如：It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth。
It happened that I was out when he called.5. It + be + 形容词+ for sb.）+ 动词不定式这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important，possible，wise等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，如：It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language.It is unwise to give the children whatever they want。
高考中 it作形式主语和形式宾语用法大汇总
it作形式主语和形式宾语用法It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。
纵观历届高考题，无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。
现将it作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。
一、It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie.(说谎是错误的。
) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it.(争吵是没用的。
) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕It is uncertain who will come.(谁要来还不确定。
) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕It 作形式主语的常见句型（必背）：①It + be + 形容词+（for sb）+ to do sth. / doing / that …. e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language.(学一门外语非常重要。
)It is useless crying over the spilt milk.(覆水难收。
)It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。
)比较：①It + be + 形容词+of sb+ to do sth. / doing / that ….It is brave of him to save the girl in danger without hesitation.(他毫不犹豫地去救那个处于危险中的女孩真是太勇敢了.)②It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….e.g. It is no good telling lies.(撒谎没好处。
初中英语语法：it用作形式主语的用法
【导语】整理了初中英语语法：it⽤作形式主语的⽤法，快来看看吧！希望能帮助到你~更多相关讯息请关注！ ⼀、基本⽤法 当不定式、动名词、从句等⽤作主语时，避免头重脚轻，通常在句⾸使⽤形式主语it，⽽把真正的主语放在句⼦末尾： Is it necessary to tell his father everything? 有必要把这⼀切都告诉他⽗亲吗? It’s no good sitting up too late. 熬夜没有好处。
It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很显然，他读过这本书。
It doesn’t matter what he says. 他说什么没关系。
⼆、⼏种特殊的形式主语 (1) ⽤作动词look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if从句)： It seems as if it is going to rain. 看来要下⾬了。
It seems that he knows everything. 他好像什么都知道。
It (so) happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我没带钱。
From this witness it follows that he must be guilty. 根据该证⼈的证词判断，他⼀定有罪。
(2) 当系表结构后接有if 或when引出的状语从句时，通常在系表结构前使⽤形式主语表⽰说话⼈对某情况的看法： It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他这样做使我很吃惊。
It would be a tragedy if anything went wrong. 如果出了什么事就是⼀个悲剧。
(3) ⽤于其他固定句型，如if it were not for…(若不是因为)，it’s time that…(该…了)等。
专题五：It作形式主语和形式宾语的用法
专题五：It作形式主语和形式宾语的用法一、It用作形式主语当从句、不定式、动名词等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。
1. 指代主语从句。
It is possible that he has stolen the car. 很可能他偷了小车。
It is strange that he should not have passed the test. 他测试没有通过真奇怪。
It is uncertain whether/if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他是否去北京还不敢肯定。
2. 指代不定式（短语）作主语。
It is a pity to refuse. 拒绝是令人遗憾的。
It was his duty to attend to the matter. 处理这件事是他的责任。
It is impossible to finish the work on time. 准时完成工作是不可能的。
3. 指代动名词。
It is no good staying up too late. 熬夜是没有好处的。
It is no use saying anything more about it. 再说这件事没用。
It is useless crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It is a waste of time arguing with him. 与他争论简直是浪费时间。
It is a pleasure talking with you. 与你交谈真是件快乐的事情。
4. It用作形式主语的常用句型。
①It+is/was+形容词+to do sth./that…常见的形容词有known, clear, necessary, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, certain, obvious, strange, natural, kind, nice等。
it作形主语的五种
it作形主语的五种IT 作为形式主语的五种情况如下：1. 结构：It + be/have/do + 名词/代词+ 形容词/副词/动词-ing/动词过去分词等形式。
例子：-It is said that he is going to join our team.（据说他将要加入我们的团队。
）-It has been raining since morning.（自从早上就一直下雨。
）2. 结构：It + 动词过去分词+ 名词/代词+ 形容词/副词等形式。
例子：-It seemed like a good idea at the time.（当时看来这是一个好主意。
）-It occurred to me that we had met before.（我想起来我们之前见过面。
）3. 结构：It + 动词-ing + 名词/代词+ 介词+ 宾语等形式。
例子：-It's interesting to learn about different cultures.（了解不同的文化很有趣。
）-It's important to keep the environment clean.（保持环境整洁很重要。
）4. 结构：It + 动词-ing/动词过去分词+ 副词等形式。
例子：-It's been a long time since we last met.（自从我们上次见面已经过去很长时间了。
）-It doesn't matter if he doesn't know.（他不了解没关系。
）5. 结构：It + 动词-ing/动词过去分词+ 宾语等形式。
例子：-It happened that I knew the person involved.（碰巧我知道涉及的那个人。
）-It occurred to me that I hadleft my wallet at home.（我想起来我把钱包忘在家里了。
“It”作形式主语和形式宾语地用法详解
新希望英语语法精讲------“It”作形式主语和形式宾语“It”作形式主语和形式宾语的用法详解It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是英语学习的主要语法项目之一。
无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it 用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。
现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。
一、 It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。
) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。
) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。
) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕It 作形式主语的常见句型：① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that ….e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。
)It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。
)It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。
)② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that ….e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。
)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。
it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法
it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法It除了用作代词表示指代意义以外，还可以用作形式主语和形式宾语。
这种用法是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。
纵观历届中考题，无论是单项选择、完型填空，还是句型转换或翻译，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。
现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供读者学习和参考。
一、It 用作形式主语1．当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。
此时it 只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
例如：It is wrong to tell a lie. 说谎是错误的。
It is no use arguing about it. 争吵是没用的。
It is uncertain who will come. 谁要来还不确定。
2．It 作形式主语的常见句型① It + be + 形容词+ to do sth. / doing / that ….。
例如：It is very important to learn a foreign language. 学一门外语非常重要。
It is useless crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It was really surprising that she married a man like that.她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。
② It + be +名词词组+ doing / that ….，例如：It is no good telling lies. 撒谎没好处。
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. 你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。
It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。