2019年12月英语六级长篇阅读模拟题(四)
2019年12月大学英语六级考试阅读模拟题及答案4
2019年12月大学英语六级考试阅读模拟题及答案4Work is a very important part of life in the United States. When the early Protestant immigrants came to this country,they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven. This attitude, the Protestant work ethic, still influences America today. Work is not only important for economic benefits, the salary, but also for social and psychological needs, the feeling of doing something for the good of the society. Americans spend most of their lives working, being productive. For most Americans, their work defines them; they are what they do. What happens, then when a person can no longer work?Most Americans stop working at age sixty-five or seventy and retire. Because work is such an important part of life in this culture, retirement can be very difficult. Retireesoften feel that they are useless and unproductive. Of course, some people are happy to retire; but leaving one’s job, whatever it is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. Many retirees do not know how to usetheir time or they feel lost without jobs.Retirement can also bring financial problems. Many people rely on Social Security checks every month. During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. When people retire, they receive this money as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because prices areincreasing very rapidly. Senior citizens, those over sixty-five, have to have savings in the bank or other retirement plans to make ends meet. The rate of inflation is forcingprices higher each year; Social Security checks alone cannot cover Medicare (health care) and welfare (general assistance) but many senior citizens have to change their lifestylesafter retirement. They have to spend carefully to be surethat they can afford to but food, fuel, and other necessities.Of course, many senior citizens are happy with retirement. They have time to spend with their families or to enjoy their hobbies. Some continue to work part time; others do volunteer work. Some, like those in the Retired Business Executives Association, even help young people to get started in new business. Many retired citizens also belong to “Golden Age” groups. These organizations plan trips and social events. There are many opportunities for retirees.Americans society is only beginning to be concerned about the special physical and emotional needs of its senior citizens. The government is taking steps to ease the problemof limited income. They are building new housing, offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services, such as free courses, food service, and help with housework. Retired citizens are a rapidly growing percentage of the population. This part of the population is very important and we must respond to their needs. After all, every citizen will be a senior citizen some day.1.The early immigrants considered work ___.A.too hardB.importantC.pleasantD.dull2.Why do Americans like working? Because working ___.A.doesn’t only mean money but it is also psychologicalB.can make life more comfortableC.can prove people to be independentD.gives people funny3.We can safely put forward that retirees who ___.A.have no financial problems still want to earn more moneyB.have financial problems still feel lostC.have no financial problems still feel lostD.have no financial problems feels it’s hard to make ends meet4.According to the passage the government ___.A.hadn’t paid attention to the retirees’ problemsB.has already solved a lot of retirees’ problemsC.has just begun to pay attention to the retirees’ problemsD.won’t pay attention to the retirees’ problems5.Which of the following is not steps taken for the benefit of senior citizens by the government?A.New housing has been built.B.The old are offered discounts in stores.C.Senior citizens are provided free courses, food service.D.None.答案：BACCD。
2019年12月英语六级改革模拟练习：长篇阅读(4)
2019年12月英语六级改革模拟练习：长篇阅读（4）Definitions of ObesityA： How does one define when a person is considered tobe obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weighttables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.B： The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person's height and weight. The "Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing the person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over30 is considered to be obese.C： However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, whocan also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.Health Effects of ObesityD： Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person's physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 ("mature onset diabetes") and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.CancerE： Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.F： The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman's menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluentnations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.G： The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!AgingH： Research published by St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman's biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.I： The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat, and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.。
2019年12月英语四级长篇阅读匹配练习题(4)
2019年12月英语四级长篇阅读匹配练习题(4)Here’s the Totally Amazing Wonder Material That Could Revolutionize TechnologyA.In the technology industry,every new product or service seems to come with the promise that it is an innovation with the potential to change theworld．Graphene(石墨烯)，a form of carbon，might actually do just that．B.“Graphene is a wonderful material，”Jeanie Lau，a professor of physics at the University of California at Riverside，told Fortune．“It conducts heat 10 times better than copper and electricity 100 times better than silicon，is transparent like plastic，extremely lightweight,extremely strong,yet flexible and elastic．In the past decade，it has taken the scientific and technology communities by storm，and has become the most promising electronic material to supplement or replace silicon．”C.Graphene has already found its way into a number of compelling applications，Lau said．For instance，“since itis both transparent and electrically conductive—two attributes rarely found in the same material in nature—it has tremendous potential as the transparent electrode in monitors．displays；solar cells，and touch screens，”she explained．“Companies such as Samsung that invest heavily in this area have already secured patents，produced prototypes，and are expected to bring products to market in a few years．”Wearable electronic devices，aviation components，broadband photodetectors(光电检测器)，radiation-resistantcoatings，sensors，and energy storage are among numerous other areas of active research．Lau said．D.For many researchers and investors，the ultimate application is graphene-based transistors，the building blocks of modem electronics．But getting there may take some time．A child of graphiteE.First produced in a lab back in 2004，graphene is essentially a single layer of pure carbon atoms bonded together in a honeycomb lattice so thin it’s actually considered two-dimensional．“We generally regard anything less than 10 layers of graphene as graphene；otherwise，it’s graphite，”said Aravind Vijayaraghavan，a lecturer in nanomaterials at the University of Manchester．F.Even“graphene”is a bit of an umbrella term．“To oversimplify,there are two major types of graphene，”Michael Patterson，CEO of Graphene Frontiers，said．The first：“Nanoplatelets，”which are powders or flakes made from graphite．These have been around for a while and are“not really super-sexy,”Patterson said．“You mix them into polymers(聚合物)or inks or rubbers to make them conductive．”In flake form，graphene is already on its way to becoming a commodity,Patterson added．The other type—in sheet or film form—is where graphene’s biggest promise lies．Graphene sheets have“incredibl e potential for electronics，”Patterson said．In the near term，that potential may manifest in situations where the quantity requirements are“not that great”and where quality or conductivity doesn’t have to be as high，such as in basictouch-screen applications，he said．Products that use graphene in this way could arrive to market in the next six to 1 2 months．G.Looking a little further out，graphene can be employed in membranes used for water desalination．Lockheed-Martin already has a patented product known as Perforene．“It’s real and it works，but it won’t be economically viable until the product reaches an industrial scale where the cost is measured in pennies per square inch”rather than dollars or tens of dollars per square inch，Patterson explained．“That’s where we’re working today．”‘It’s expensive and low-capacity’H. But use of graphene in semiconductors—the technology’s Holy Grail—is likely a decade away．“Many of the challenges presented by graphene are common to most new materials，”Paul Smith,a patent associate with the Intellectual Property Law Group at Fenwick & West，told Fortune．“The trick is figuring out how to synthesize graphene in a way that first is manufacturable beyond lab scale；second，preserves the desirable properties of the material；and third，can be integrated into a product or technology．”I.Synthesizing graphene in sheet form is considerably more expensive and time-consuming than producing graphene flakes．Whereas the latter typically involves a“quick and dirty”process by which bul k graphite is disassembled into millions of tiny pieces，Lau explained，large sheets of。
2019年六级考试阅读练习题(4)
2019年六级考试阅读练习题（4）Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values—this can't be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The bodyis like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. And at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate(激活) the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, theywill feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while there's life, there's hope.When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on yourability to have fun.21. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that______.A. very old people enjoy living with their relativesB. social services have nothing to do with very old peopleC. very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more personal freedomD. very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean22. Some social workers think that______.A. health and safety are more important than personal freedomB. personal freedom is more important than health and safetyC. old people should keep their rooms cleanD. one should not take the risk of dealing with old people23. In the author's opinion, ______.A. the human body can't be compared to a carB. the older a person, the more care he needsC. too much emphasis has been put on old people's valuesD. it is easy to provide spare parts for old people24. The word "it" in the last paragraph refers to______.A. the conclusion you have come toB. your talk to the old peopleC. whether age is happy or unpleasantD. one's money or one's health25. The author thinks that______.A. medical decisions for old people should be left to the doctorsB. old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very richC. the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is doubtfulD. it is always morally right to treat old people and push off death答案：21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. C。
2019年12月英语六级考试预测卷 - 阅读
2019年12月英语六级考试预测卷 - 阅读Section BDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces murders.The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty, basically, is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, which is the mark of a brutal society, andfinally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such as murder. But some are more extreme than others.For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the overwhelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100,000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100,000 population. The sharp climb in the state’s murder rate, which began when executions stopped, is no coincidence. It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed, innocent people will be murdered—some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.52. The principal purpose of this passage isto___________.A) speak for the majorityB) initiate a vetoC) criticize the governmentD) argue for the value of the death penalty53. The author’s response to those who urge the death penalty for all is likely to be _________.A) negative B) friendlyC) supportive D) hostile54. According to the Paragraph 4, it can be inferredthat___________ .A) the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States todayB) the second type of murderers should be sentenced to deathC) the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importanceD) the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated55. The passage attempts to establish a relationship between_______________ .A) the murder rate and the imposition of the death penaltyB) the effects of execution and the effects of isolationC) the importance of equal rights and that of the death penaltyD) executions and murders56. The author’s attitude towards “death penalty” is .A) opposing B) supporting C) neutral D) sarcastic。
2019年英语六级阅读理解试题库及答案（3,4）
2019年英语六级阅读理解试题库及答案（3,4）英语中的阅读题再多不过了，也是最好拿分的了，一起来看看考试栏目组小编为你提供的2019年英语六级阅读理解试题库及答案(3-4)，更多相关资讯，请关注网站更新。
2019年英语六级阅读理解试题库及答案(3)President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.The most liberal wing of the President's party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President’s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it withermanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keepit profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence tore invest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.So the crux is the technology and that is where the President’s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economicretructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.1. The focus of the President's program is on[A] investment.[B] economy.[C] technology.[D] tax.2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?[A] They want a more direct action.[B] They want an incomes policy to check inflation.[C] They want to rebuild industry.[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs.3. What is the editor's attitude?[A] support.[B] distaste.[C] Disapproval.[D] Compromise.4. The danger to the plan lies in[A] the two parties' objection.[B] different idea of the two parties about the plan.[C] its passage.[D] distortion.5. The passage is[A] a review.[B] a preface.[C] a advertisement.[D] an editorial.Vocabulary1. reverse 逆转2. slide 滑坡3. plague 瘟疫;折磨，困扰4. tariff 关税5. decry 谴责，诋毁6. lever 杠杆;用杠杆撬动7. crux 症结8. ideologue 空想家，思想家9. intact 原封不动的，完整无损的10. investment credit 投资信贷11. research grant 研究基金难句译注1. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.【参考译文】写作方法与文章大意这是一则有关总统向国会提交的经济计划评论。
2019年12月大学英语四级阅读模块测评
2019 四级英语阅读测评卷Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in the wordbank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words inthe bank more than once.What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 1 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 2 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 3 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that 4 to perform certain behaviors are based on biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 5 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 6 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 7 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture( 养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 8 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 9 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it[D] complaints [H] eventually [L] psychological[C] appeal [G] essentially [K] proceeds [O] standard [B] achieve [F] displayed [J] indicates [N] smart [A] abilities[E] contributions[I] extent[M] raised10 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2.TV Linked to Lower MarksA) The effect of television on children has been debated ever since the first sets were turned on. Now three new studies find that too much tube time can lower test scores, retard learning and even predict college performance. The reports appear in the July issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.B) In the first report, researchers studied the effect that having a TV in a child's bedroom can have on third graders. “We looked at the household media environment in relation to academic achievement on mathematics, reading and language arts tests,” said study author Dina L.G. Borzekowski, an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.C) Borzekowski and her colleague, Dr. Thomas Robinson of Stanford University,collected data on 386 third graders and their parents about how much TV the children watched, the number of TV sets, computers and video game consoles in the household and where they were. They also collected data on how much time the children spent using the different media, as well as the time spent doing homework and reading. The researchers found that the media in the household, where it is and how it is used can have a profound effect on learning. “We found that the household media environment has a very close association with performance on the different test scores,” Borzekowski said.D)“A child who has a TV in his or her bedroom is likely t o have a score that is eight points lower on a mathematics test compared to a child who doesn't have a TV in the bedroom,” she noted. These children also scored lower on the reading and language arts tests. However, children who have access to a home computer are likely to have higher scores on each of the tests compared with children who don't have access to a home computer, Borzekowski noted.E)The reasons why TV has this negative effect are not clear, Borzekowski said. “When there's TV in the bedroom, pare nts are less likely to have control over the content and the amount watched,” Borzekowski said. “They are also unable to know how early or how late the set is on. This seems to be associated with kids' performance on academic tests.” Borzekowski believes that content and the time the TV is on may be the primary reasons for its negative effect. “If the TV is in the family room, then parents can see the content of what children are watching,” she said. “Parents can choose to sit alongside and watch, or turn the set off. A simple and straightforward, positive parenting strategy is to keep the TV out of the child's bedroom, or remove it if it's already there.”F)In the second report, Dr. Robert J. Hancox from the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand, and colleagues found, regardless of your intelligence or social background, if you watch a lot of TV during childhood, you are a lot less likely to have a college degree by your mid-20s. In their study, the researchers followed 1,037 people born in 1972 and 1973. Every two years, between the ages of 5 and 15, they were asked how much television they watched. The researchers found that those whowatched the most television during these years had earned fewer degrees by the time they were 26. “We found that the more television the child had watched, the more likely they were to leave school without any qualifications,” Hancox said in a prepared statement. “Those who watched little television had the best chance of going on to university and earning a degree.”G)Hancox's team found that watching TV at an early age had the most effect on graduating from college. “An interesting finding was that although teenage viewing was strongly linked to leaving school without any qualifications, it was earlier chi ldhood viewing that had the greatest impact on getting a degree,” he said. “This suggests that excessive television in younger children has a long-lasting adverse effect on educational performance.”H)In the third paper, Frederick J. Zimmerman and Dr. Dimitri A. Christakis from the University of Washington report that, for very young children, watching TV can result in lower test scores in mathematics, reading recognition and reading comprehension. “We looked at how much television children watched before age 3 and then at ages 3 to 5,” Zimmerman said. “We found that for children who watched a small amount of TV in the earlier years, there was considerable beneficial effect compared to children who watched a lot of TV.”I)For children aged 3 to 5, the effect was not as clear, Zimmerman said. “There were some beneficial effects of watching TV on reading, but no beneficial effects for math or vocabulary,” he noted. “The worst pattern was to watch more than three hours of TV before age 3. Those kids had a significant disadvantage compared to the other kids.” Parents should follow the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation, which is no TV for children under 2, Zimmerman said. “Personally, I feel the cutoff should be children under 3, because there is just not any good content for children under 3.”J)One expert believes that TV can have both positive and negative effects, but it all depends on what children are watching. “Content matters,” said Deborah L. Linebarger, an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who co-authored an accompanying editorial. “Educational content has been found to be related toperformance on school readiness tests, higher grades when they are teenagers, whereas, non-educational content tends to be assoc iated with lower academic performance.”K)Another expert agrees. “TV watching takes up space that could be used by more useful things,” said Dr. Christopher P. Lucas, a clinical coordinator at the Early Childhood Evaluation and Treatment Program at the New York University Child Study Center. “TV is not necessarily toxic, but is something that has to be done in moderation; something that balances the other needs of the child for healthy development.”L)Lucas puts the responsibility for how much TV kids watch and what they watch squarely on parents. “The amount of TV watching certainly has a link with the reduced amount of time reading or doing homework,” he said. “The key is the amount of control parents have in limiting the amount of access. Get the TV out of the bedroom; be aware of what is being watched; limit the amount of TV watching.”11.According to Borzekowski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests.12.The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads to poor performance in school.13.Watching more than three hours of TV before age 3 has bad effect on kids.14.According to the second report, the chance for one to acquire a college degree depends on the amount of his TV watching during childhood.15.In Deborah L. Lingbarger's opinion, educational content is helpful for teenagers to get better results on school readiness tests.16.The environment of family media greatly affects children's test scores according to the first report.17.Borzekowski believes that TV's negative effect on children's marks may mainlylie in what children watch on TV and how much time they spend on it.18.Lucas thinks parents should take the responsibility to supervise kids' TV watching.19.According to the recommendation from American Academy of Pediatrics, children under 2 should watch no TV.20.Hancox thinks earlier childhood TV watching affects one's acquiring a college degree most.Section CDirections: There is a passage in this section. The passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand march the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single linethrough the centre.In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition ( 学会) of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in that the child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.As regard the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “ example is better than prece pt ”. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach( 说教), their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough tothink for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A su dden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.21.E agerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skill .A.can be avoidedB.i s universal among parentsC.sets up dangerous states of worry in the childD.will make him lose interest in learning new things22.I n the process of children’s learning new skills, parents .A.should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they readB.should not expect too much of themC.should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD.s hould create as many learning opportunities as possible23.The second paragraph mainly tells us that .A.parents should be strict with their childrenB.parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community.C.parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone.D.parental vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation.24.The word “precept” (Line3, Para.3) probably means “”.A. ideaB.punishmentC.behaviorD.instruction25.In moral matters, parents should .A.observe the rules themselvesB.be aware of the marked difference between adults and childrenC.forbid things which have no foundation in moralityD.consistently ensure the security of their children。
2019年12月英语四级考试模-WPS Office
2019年12月英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案汇总Part I Reading Comprehension (共20小题，每小题2分，共40分)Directions: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by four comprehension questions. Read the passage and answer the questions. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Some years ago the captain of a ship was very interested in medicine. He always took medicine books to sea and liked to talk about different diseases.One day a lazy sailor on his ship pretended to be ill. He lay on his bunk (铺) and groaned as if he were very sick. The captain came to see him and was very pleased to have a patient to look after. He told the man to rest for a few days and made the other sailors do his work. Three days later another sailor pretended that he had something wrong with his chest. Once more the captain looked in his medical books and told “sick” man to have a rest.The other sailors were very angry because they had more work to do. The patients had the best food and laughed at their friends when the captain was not looking. At last the mate (船长副手) decided to cure the “sick” men. He mixed up some soap, soot (烟灰), glue (胶水) and other unpleasant things. Then he obtained permission from the captain to give his medicine to the “sick” men. When they tasted the medicine, they really did feel ill. It was so horrible that one of the patients jumped out of hi bunk, ran up on desk and climbed the highest mast on the ship. He did not want any more medicine.The mate told both of the men that they must take the medicine every half an hour, night and day. This soon cured them. They both said they felt better and wanted to start word again. The captain realized that the men tried to deceive him so he made them work very hard for the rest of the voyage.1. The first sailor pretended to be ill because he wanted to .A. test the captain’s knowledge of medicineB. be free from workC. have the best food on the shipD. play a joke on his friends2. When the captain knew a sailor was ill, he .A. didn’t care muchB. sent for a doctorC. looked after him and told him to have a restD. gave him some medicine3. The patients felt better quickly because .A. they had been given proper medicineB. they learned that the captain had found out the truthC. they were laughed at by their friendsD. the medicine the mate gave was horrible4. When the captain knew he had been deceived, he .A. told them not to do so againB. lost his temperC. made them work harderD. fired them5. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?A. A sudden Cure.B. Two Patients.C. Captain and Sailors.D. A Difficult Voyage.Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:When aluminum was first produced about a hundred and fifty years ago, it was so difficult to separate form the ores in which it was found that its price was higher than that of gold. The price remained high until a new process was discovered for refining the metal with the aid of electricity approximately three quarters of a century later. The new method was so much cheaper that aluminum because practical for many purposes, one of which was making pots and pans.Aluminum is lightweight, rustproof and easily shaped into different forms. By mixing it with other metals, scientists have been able to produce a variety of alloys, some of which have the strength of steel but weigh only one third as much.Today, the uses of aluminum are innumerable. Perhaps its most important use is in transportation. Aluminum is found in the engine of automobiles, in the hulls of boats. It is also used in many parts of airplanes. In fact, the huge “airbus” planes would probably never have been produced if aluminum did not exist. By making vehicles lighter in weight aluminum has greatly reduced the amount of fuel needed to move them, Aluminum is also being used extensively in the building industry in some countries.Since aluminum is such a versatile (多用的) metal, it is fortunate that bauxite (铝土矿), which is one of its chief sources, is also one of the earth’s most plentiful substances. As thesource of aluminum is almost inexhaustible, we can expect that more and more uses will be found for this versatile metal.6. The price of aluminum was sharply reduced when people discovered a new refining process with the aid of .A. windB. solar energyC. hydraulic powerD. electricity7. Aluminum is .A. lightweight, rustproof but not easily shaped into different formsB. heavyweight, rustproof and easily shaped into different formsC. lightweight, rustproof and easily shaped into different formsD. lightweight and easily shaped into different forms but it is easy to become rusty8. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Aluminum is widely used in transportation.B. Aluminum is also used in many parts of airplanes.C. Aluminum is being used extensively in the building industry.D. Aluminum is not used in its pure form.9. Aluminum is found on earth mostly in the form of .A. pure metalB. bauxiteC. goldD. liquid10. What is the passage talking about?A. The features of aluminum and its functions.B. The process of aluminum.C. The discovery of aluminum.D. The promising future of aluminum.Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:The idea of a special day to honor mothers was first put forward in America in 1907. two years later a woman, Mrs. John Bruce Dodd, in the state of Washington proposed a similar day to honor the head of the family—the father. Her mother died when she was very young, and herfather brought her up. She loved her father very much.In response to Mrs. Dodd’s idea that same year—1909, the state governor of Washington proclaimed (宣布) the third Sunday in June Father’s Day. The idea was officially approved by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916. in 1924, President Calvin Coolidge recommended national observance of the occasion “to establish more intimate (亲密) relations between fathers and their children, and to impress upon fathers the full measure of their obligations.” The red or white rose is recognized as the official Father’s Day flower.Father’s Day took longer to establish on a national scale than Mother’s Day, but as the idea grained popularity, tradesmen and manufacturers began to see the commercial possibilities. They encouraged sons and daughters to honor their fathers with small thank-you presents, such as a tie or pair of socks, as well as by sending greeting cards.During the Second World War, American servicemen stationed in Britain began to request Father’s Day greeting cards to send home. This generated a response with British card publishers. Though at first the British public was slow to accept this rather artificial day, it’s now well celebrated in Britain on the third Sunday in June in much the same way as in America.Father’s Day seems to be much less important as occasion than the Mother’s Day. Not many of the children offer their fathers some presents. But the American fathers still think they are much better fated than the fathers of many other countries, who have not even a day for their sake in name only.11. When did Father’s Day officially begin to have national popularity?A. 1907B. 1909C. 1916D. 192412. Who first started the idea of holding the Father’s Day?A. Mrs. John Bruce DoddB. Mrs. John Bruce’s MotherC. The government of Washington.D. Some businessmen.13. What flower will be popular on Father’s Day?A. LilyB. Water LilyC. Red rose or white roseD. Sunflower.14. Which statement is true, a according to this passage?A. It took even longer for Mother’s Day to gain national popularity.B. The businessmen helped to make Father’s Day popular.C. Father’s Day is only celebrated in America.D. Father’s Day is only a trick of the businessmen to make money.15. What was the first reaction of the British publishing towards Father’s Day?A. They thought highly of it and accepted it at once.B. They just accepted it at once without any hesitation.C. They just thought it a joke.D. They thought it was too artificial and took a long time to accept.Passage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Culture shock is an occupational disease (职业病) for people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs are as following: when to shake hands and what to say when meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These signs, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, or customs, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend on hundreds of these signs for our peace of mind and day-to-day efficiency, but we do not carry most at the level of conscious awareness.Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar signs are removed. No matter how broadminded or full of good will you may be a series of supports have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration. When suffering from culture shock people first reject the environment which caused discomfort. The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad. When foreigners in a strange land get together in complain about the host country its people, you can be sure that they are suffering from culture shock.16. According to the passage, culture shock is .A. an occupational disease of foreign peopleB. may lead to very serious symptomsC. actually not a diseaseD. incurable17. According to the passage, culture shock result from .A. the sudden change of social atmosphere and customsB. the sudden change of our daily habitsC. the sudden loss of our own signs and symbolsD. the discomfort that we feel when faced with a foreigner18. Which one of the following may not be a symptom of culture shock?A. You don’t know how to express your gratitude.B. You don’t know how to greet other people.C. You suddenly forget what a word means.D. You don’t understand w hy a foreigner shrugs.19. According to the passage, how would a person who stays abroad most probably react when he is frustrated by the culture shock?A. He is most likely to refuse to absorb the strange environment at first.B. He is really to accept the change and adapt himself to the new environment.C. Although he takes the culture difference for granted, he still doesn’t know how to do with it.D. He may begin to hate the people or things around him.20. The main idea of this passage is that .A. culture shock is an occupational diseaseB. culture shock is caused by the anxiety of living in a strange cultureC. culture shock has peculiar symptomsD. it is very hard to cope with life in a new settingQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where manyhousehold tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather by the “battle of the sexes”.If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important—and that has happened in some cases—we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Monism”—but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are sings that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit—nor the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place on it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism (命令主义) has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent (相关的，切题的) not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.16. The ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is .A. fundamental to a sound democracyB. not pertinent to healthy family lifeC. responsible for MonismD. what we have almost given up17. The danger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and the father is that .A. the role of the father may become an inferior oneB. the role of the mother may become an inferior oneC. the children will grow up believe that life is a battle of sexesD. sharing leads to constant arguing18. The author states that bringing up children .A. is mainly the mother’s jobB. belongs among the duties of the fatherC. is the job of schools and churchesD. involves a partnership of equals19. According to the author, the father’s role in the home is .A. minor because he is an ineffectual parentB. irrelevant to the healthy development of the childC. pertinent to the healthy development of the childD. identical to the role of the child’s mother20. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?A. A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society.B. Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores.C. Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory.D. A woman’s place is always in the homePart II Vocabulary and Structure (共40小题，每小题1分，共40分)Directions: In this part there are forty incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. The teacher the students on a tour through the art museum.A. madeB. indicatedC. forcedD. took22. Tom’s parents died when he was a child, so he was by his relatives.A. grown upB. brought upC. raisedD. fed up23. Here is my card. Let’s keep in .A. touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship24. So far there is no proof people from other planets do exist.A. whichB. howC. whatD. that25. The newspapers reported yesterday several on the boundaries of these two countries.A. incidentsB. happeningsC. eventsD. accidents26. We’ve worked out the plan and now we must put it into .A. factB. realityC. practiceD. deed27. He didn’t and so he failed the examination.A. work enough hardB. hard work enoughC. hard enough workD. work hard enough28. Not until Mr. Smith came to China what kind of country she is.A. he knewB. he didn’t knowC. did he knowD. he couldn’t know29. Scientists say it may be ten years this medicine was put to use.A. sinceB. beforeC. afterD. when30. In some countries, is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. how31. We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we him.A. would telephoneB. would have telephoneC. had telephonedD. must have telephoned32. We’ve missed the last bus, I’m a fraid we have no but to take a taxi.A. wayB. possibilityC. choiceD. selection33. Luckily, most sheep the flood last month.A. enduredB. survivedC. livedD. passed34. My parents always let me have my own of living.A. wayB. methodC. mannerD. fashion35. Like other language skills, reading requires practice.A. the most ofB. much of theC. most of theD. more of the36. It is only through practice one will be able to swim skillfully.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. which37. The brain is capable of ignoring pain message of to concentrate on other activities.A. it allowedB. is it allowedC. allowedD. allowed it38. Don’t worry, I have already them the decision.A. informed; withB. informed; ofC. informed; forD. informed; that39. The child was sorry his mother when he arrived at the station.A. to missB. having missedC. missingD. to have missed40. I wonder why he to discuss the problem at the meeting.A. declinedB. rejectedC. refusedD. delayed41. You can hang up what you like on these walls.A. bareB. emptyC. blankD. vacant42. According to a , the majority would rather have newspapers without a government thana government without newspapers.A. electionB. campaignC. pollD. vote43. The population of the village has decreased 150 to 500.A. inB. atC. byD. with44. It seems that there is that I can’t do.A. nothingB. anythingC. everythingD. none45. They are often caring more about animals than human beings.A. accused ifB. accused withC. charged ofD. charged for46. a good beginning is made, the word is half done.A. As soon asB. WhileC. AsD. Once47. George could not his foolish mistake.A. account inB. count onC. count forD. account for48. We came into this field late, so we must work hard to the lost time.A. make up forB. make outC. keep up withD. put up with49. The new law will came into on the day it is passed.A. effectB. useC. serviceD. existence50. We can separate the mixture into the pure chemical compounds it is composed.A. in whichB. of whatC. of whichD. from which51. Mrs. Lincoln has that she is unable to get a job.A. such small educationB. so little educationC. a such little educationD. a so small education52. She can’t prevent her little boy shooting birds.A. from; toB. on; atC. with; upD. from; at53. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of .A. energyB. sourceC. powerD. material54. A darkened sky in the daytime is usually and indication that a storm is .A. possible comingB. about to take placeC. close byD. expected to be severe55. We all know that speak louder than words.A. movementsB. performanceC. operationsD. actions56. , he could not cover the whole distance in fifteen minutes.A. Fast as he canB. As he can ran fastC. If he can ran fastD. Since he ran fast57. Agricultural production in that country has increased in recent years.A. vastlyB. strikinglyC. considerablyD. extremely58. Peter has planned to some money every month so that he can buy a used car next year.A. set asideB. set upC. set inD. set along59. Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any of what I said.A. attentionB. noticeC. warningD. observation60. They overcame all the difficulties and fulfilled the plan three months ahead of time, is something we had not expected.A. thatB. whatC. itD. whichPart III Cloze (共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices. Choose the one that best fits into the passage and then marks your answer on the Answer Sheet.Most Americans don’t like to get adv ice from members of their family. When they need advice, they don’t usually 61 people they know. 62 , many Americans write letters to newspapers and magazines which give advice 63 many different subjects, including family problem, sex, the use 64 the language, health, cooking, children, and how to buy a house or a car.65 newspaper regularly print letters 66 readers with problems. Along 67 the letters there are answers written 68 people who are supposed to know how to 69 such problems. Some of these writers are doctors: 70 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice 71 women without special training 72 this kind of work. One of them answers letters 73 to “Dear Abby”. The other is addressed 74 “Dear Ann Landers”. Experience is th eir preparation for 75 advice.There is one writer who has not lived long 76 to have much experience. She is a girl named Angel Cavaliere, who started writing 77 for newspaper readers 78 the age of ten, her advice to young readers now 79 regularly in the Philadelphia Bulletin in a column 80 DEAR ANGEL.61. A. talk B. ask C. tell D. speak62. A. Because B. Instead C. When D. As63. A. for B. in C. on D. with64. A. with B. on C. to D. of65. A. Most B. These C. Those D. The66. A. from B. for C. to D. about67. A. in B. with C. on D. for68. A. to B. for C. about D. by69. A. make B. overcome C. beat D. solve70. A. some B. many C. others D. those71. A. is B. are C. were D. was72. A. for B. on C. at D. by73. A. made B. addressed C. written D. sent74. A. with B. for C. as D. by75. A. producing B. giving C. making D. sending76. A. time B. yet C. way D. enough77. A. advise B. answers C. advice D. problems78. A. at B. on C. in D. about79. A. gives B. sends C. appears D. writes。
2019年12月英语六级长篇阅读匹配练习题(4)
2019年12月英语六级长篇阅读匹配练习题（4） Apps Designed for Distracted DriversA． Marry Williams recalls the conversations he and his wife would have with their two daughters about the dangers of talking and texting while driving．．"It's always a concern," said Williams． "We just drilled it into their heads over and over until they said 'Okay, we get it,' and when we saw something [about the dangers of drivers texting] on TV we made sure they saw it, too．"B． Parents like Williams have good reason toworry． Half of teens say they tall on a cell phone while driving, a third say they swap text messages, and almost half say they've been a passenger in a vehicle with a teen driver whose phone use put them at risk, according to federal statistics． Teen drivers are more likely to get into a fatal crash than anyone under the age of 80, in part because their brains are still developing the system that evaluates risk．C． These days, however, there's an app for that, several of them, in fact． There are apps that prevent mobile-device use while driving, and some of them alert parents or employers when a user tries to beat the system．They've emerged on the market as alarm grows over the carnage caused by distracted driving．D． More than 3,300 people die and 420,000 are injured annually in crashes attributed to distracted drivers． But those numbers may be low because, other than a driver's admission of fault, it's a challenge to prove thatdistraction caused a crash． Among all drivers involved infatal crashes, teens were the most likely to have been distracted, National Highway Traffic Administration data show． "They feel invincible," said Jurek Grabowski, director of research at the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety． "They have large social networks and they want to stay in contact with them．"E． Conversations on the go, texting, surfing theInternet and taking selfies (自拍) are such a habit among teens that studies show they underestimate the risk． Teens make up a significant percentage of the approximately 660,000 drivers who are having phone conversations or manipulating electronic devices while driving at any given moment during daylight hours in the United States． And most teenagers who chat, text or surf while driving are breaking the law． The District and 37 states--including Maryland and Virginia--ban novice drivers from talking on the phone while driving． The three local jurisdictions (管辖区) and 41 other states barall drivers from sending and receiving text messages while driving． But respect for those laws is similar to that given the speed limit．F． "We need to almost turn this thing into a brick," David Coleman said recently, holding up his cell phone while sitting in a Bowie Starbucks． "It can't just be about texting． It has to be about e-mail, Facebook and no inappropriate calls．" Coleman is marketing director for Louisiana-based Cellcontrol, one of several companies competing for the chance to shut down people's mobile devices while they're driving． Most of the companies that sell cell phone service--Verizon, AT&T, Sprint and others--also provide apps that can limit access．G． Many of the apps are triggered when a GPS sensor detects that a vehicle is in motion, and some—such as AT&T's DriveMode---will alert parents or employers when the app has been turned off or disabled．Independent experts considerthat a feature buyers should look for． "Especially for younger drivers． As clever as you can be, they will be more clever," said Leo McCloskey, a tech specialist for the Intelligent Transportation Society of America． "The best way to do it is to integrate the device with the vehicle so that you could have more precise control．"H． That precise control means that parents or employers can select the features they want to allow their drivers to use and block those that worry them． "It's important to have a solid oversight function so that use can be monitored by a fleet (车队) manager or parent," said Russ Rader of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety． "Cellcontrol is one of the better, most complete systems． TeenSafer is another one that we've looked at that works pretty well．．These products are going to be the most useful for fleet operators and for parents trying to control phone use by their driving teens． Both Cellcontrol and TeenSafer will report attempts to disrupt the system．"I． Businesses that send fleets of cars, vans or trucks onto the streets have shown increasing interest in those products, as juries have issued multimillion-dollar rewards to those injured or killed by distracted drivers who were on the job．J． Systems integrated into the vehicle are triggered when the car or truck begins to move． "We're not guessingbased on a satellite, we're depending on the vehicle to tell us," said Cellcontrol's Coleman as he spent a morning demonstrating his company's product in Prince George's County． "Otherwise, how do I know you're not on a Greyhound bus or on a plane that has landed and is taxiing (滑行) to the gate?"K． Cellcontrol provides two options for connecting to a vehicle． One is a device the size of an E-Zpass transponder (电子收费应答器) that is glued to the windshield with the same adhesive material used to secure rearview mirrors． The more sophisticated choice plugs in to a vehicle's diagnostic computer port． The $129-system works with iPhones, Androids, BlackBerrys and Windows Mobile．L． The system involves an app that is downloaded to the phone of the driver--teenager or employee． The key to the system is software that can be installed on a home computer, tablet or mobile device that allows an authorized person--parent or boss--to customize what the driver is permitted to do, and to monitor compliance (遵从)． "We're not blocking the signal, we're allowing a protective policy to be brought into the device," he said． "The administrator has the option to make the policy as restrictive as possible, or not．" For example, phone use could be restricted to a hands-free device． Or calls could be restricted to an emergency number or a parent or office． Or parents could attempt to mandate (命令) that all passengers in the car driven by their teenager download the app． "You could decide this is the kids' car and we don't want a stupid sitting in the passenger's seat showing the driver YouTube videos," Coleman said．M． Coleman demonstrated how his phone was pre-programmed to go into safe mode when he drove, but when handed to a passenger it was fully operative． A second phone he brought along went into safe mode when the car was moving, regardless of whether it was in his hands or those of apassenger． Acknowledging that parents are dealing with a technology-savvy (精通科技的) generation and that employers exist in a technologically smart world, Coleman said, "We've built in some traps and fail-safes (故障安全装置) to notifythe parent or employer．"N． McCloskey said that companies like Cellcontrol that provide integrated services are "where we need to go．" "The operating system of the phone itself can interact with the operating system of the vehicle in such a way that services can be authorized, services can be presented, and servicescan be consumed all in a safe and predictable manner," McCloskey said．O． Although he is concerned about distracted driving, McCloskey thinks it as a relatively short-term problem．"Inthe medium to long term, as autonomous vehicles really start making a mark, all this goes away as a concern," he said．46． The deaths and injuries caused by distracted drivingmay be underestimated due to the difficulty to identify the role of distraction in an accident．47． McCloskey believes that distracted driving will nolonger be a problem with the emergence of autonomous vehicles．48． Williams made every effort to raise his teens' awareness about the danger of phone use while driving．49． Cellcontrol is recommended as one of the best systems available for those parents who worry about the safety oftheir driving teens．50． Cellcontrol makes it possible that parents control the phone use of the passengers when their child's is the driver．51． The laws in many parts of the US restrict phone usewhile driving, which are nevertheless poorly observed in practice．52． Coleman demonstrated his company's product with two cell phones functioning in different ways．53． Statistics show that phone use is a common phenomenon among teen drivers, which may lead to deadly traffic accidents．54． Some companies suffered a huge economic loss due totheir employees' distracted driving．55． The system of Cellcontrol can be integrated into avehicle in two different ways．。
2019年12月英语四级改革模拟题：长篇阅读测试(4)
2019年12月英语四级改革模拟题：长篇阅读测试(4)A：What do we mean by being ‘talented or gifted’? The most obvious way is to look at the work someone does and if they are capable of significant success, label them as talented. The purely quantitative route —‘percentage definition’— looks not at individuals, but at simple percentages, such as the top five percent of the population, and labels them — by definition — as gifted. Thisdefinition has fallen from favor, eclipsed by the advent of IQ tests, favored by luminaries such as Professor Hans Eysenck, where a series of written or verbal tests of general intelligence leads to a score of intelligence.B： The IQ test has been eclipsed in turn. Most people studying intelligence and creativity in the new millennium now prefer a broader definition, using a multifaceted approach where talents in many areas are recognized rather than purely concentrating on academic achievement. If we are therefore assuming that talented, creative or gifted individuals may need to be assessed across a range of abilities, does this mean intelligence can run in families as genetic or inherited tendency? Mental dysfunction — such as schizophrenia — can, so is an efficient mental capacity passed on from parent to child?C： Animal experiments throw some light on this question, and on the whole area of whether it is genetics, the environment or a combination of the two that allows for intelligence and creative ability. Different strains of rats show great differences in intelligence or ‘rat reasoning’. If these are brought up in normal conditions and then runthrough a maze to reach a food goal, the ‘bright-strain make far fewer wrong turns that the ‘dull-ones’. But if the environment is made dull and boring the number of errors becomes equal. Return the rats to an exciting maze and the discrepancy returns as before — but is much smaller. In other words, a dull rat in a stimulating environment will almost do as well as bright rat who is bored in a normal one. This principle applies to humans too — someone may be born with innate intelligence, but their environment probably has the final say over whether they become creative or even a genius.D： Evidence now exists that most young children, if given enough opportunities and encouragement, are able to achieve significant and sustainable levels of academic or sporting prowess. Bright or creative children are often physically very active at the same time, and so many receive more parental attention as a result — almost by default —in order to ensure their safety. They may also talk earlier, and this, in turn, breeds parental interest. This can sometimes cause problems with other siblings who may feel jealous even though they themselves may be bright. Their creative talents may be undervalued and so never come to fruition. Two themes seem to run through famously creative families as a result. The first is that the parents were able to identify the talents of each child, and nurture and encourage these accordingly but in an even handed manner. Individual differences were encouraged, and friendly sibling rivalry was not seen as particular problem. If the father is, say, a famous actor, there is no undue pressure for his children to follow him onto the boards, but instead theirchosen interests are encouraged. There need not even by any obvious talent in such a family since there always needs to be someone who sets the family career in motion, as in the case of the Sheen acting dynasty.E： Martin Sheen was the seventh of ten children born to a Spanish immigrant father and an Irish mother. Despite intense parental disapproval he turned his back on entrance exams to university and borrowed cash from a local priest to start a fledgling acting career. His acting successes infilms such as Badlands and Apocalypse Now made him one of the most highly-regarded actors of the 1970s. Three sons —Emilio Estevez, Ramon Estevez and Charlie Sheen — have followed him into the profession as a consequence of being inspired by his motivation and enthusiasm.F： A stream seems to run through creative families. Such children are not necessarily smothered with love by their parents. They feel loved and wanted, and are secure in their home, but are often more surrounded by an atmosphere of work and where following a calling appears to be important. They may see from their parents that it takes time and dedication to be master of a craft, and so are in less of a hurry to achieve for themselves once they start to work.G： The generation of creativity is complex： it is a mixture of genetics, the environment, parental teaching and luck that determines how successful or talented family members are. This last point — luck — is often not mentioned where talent is concerned but plays an undoubted part. Mozart, considered by many to be the finest composer of all time, was lucky to be living in an age that encouraged。
2019年12月英语四级阅读练习题及答案(4)
2019年12月英语四级阅读练习题及答案(4)Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA．,B．, C． andD．. You should decide on the bestchoice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services： for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade unions (工会)such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply.This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States.For historical reasons, Britain's unions have tended to develop along trade (行业) and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedures for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes.Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feelings between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancingtechnologies,unions can fight for their members' disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in verydifferent industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of "shop stewards" (工厂工人代表) in many unions, "shop stewards" being workerselected by other workers as their representatives at factory or work level.56. Why is the trade union power crucial in Britain?A． Because the economy is very interdependent.B． Because the unions have been established a long time.C． Because there are more unions in Britain than elsewhere.D． Because there are many essential services offered by the unions.57. Because of their out-of-date organization, some unions find it difficult to __________.A． bargain for high enough wagesB． get new members to joinC． learn new technologiesD． change as industries change58. Disagreements arise between unions because some ofthem__________.A． try to win over members of other unionsB． ignore agreementsC． protect their own members at the expense of othersD． take over other unions' jobs59. Why does the author compare the trade unions with managers in companies?A． They are both influential in company affairs.B． They both face problems of internal communication.C． They both work with a system of "shop stewards".D． They both work efficiently.60. The title which best expresses the idea of the text would be __________.A． British Trade Unions and Their DrawbacksB． A Centralized and Concentrated SocietyC． The Power of Trade Unions in BritainD． The Structure of British Trade UnionsPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up (符合标准).Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking--still in private rather than in public--whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of our society.Should Harvard--or any other university--be anintellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions;or even an engine of the revolution? This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard ( 楔形板) houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.The issue was defined by Walter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, many years ago."If the universities are to do their work," he said, "they must be independent and they must be disinterested... Theyare places to which men can turn for unbiased judgments. Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgment is impaired..."This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderated students： that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be "disinterested" but activist in bringing the Nation's ideals and actions together.Harvard's men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 21st century.61. A "paradox"(Line 1, Paragraph 1 ) is__________.A． an unusual situationB． a parenthetical expressionC． a difficult puzzleD． a self-contradiction62. The word "sanctuary", in paragraph 3 refers to __________.A． a holy place dedicated to a certain godB． a temple or nnnnery of the middle ageC． a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishapsD． an academy for intelligent people63. The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should __________.A． fight off militarismB． exert greater influence upon the young generationC． take an active part in solving the society's illsD． reconsider the structure of institutes and departments64. In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the author believes that Harward men are becoming __________.A． more sure about themB． less sure about themC． more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answerD． less interested in them65. In the author's judgment, the ferment going on atHarvard__________.A． will influence the future of AmericaB． will soon be over, because times are bound to changeC． is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friendsD． is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment【参考译文】一个工业社会对某些基本服务(比如电力供应、水、铁路和公路运输以及港口)有着很强的依赖性，特别是在英国这样集权而集中的国家更是如此。
2019年12月英语六级仔细阅读练习题（4）
2019年12月英语六级仔细阅读练习题（4）2019年12月英语六级仔细阅读练习题（4）Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements． For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D)． You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre．Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage．"Does my smile look big in this?" Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores could subtly adjust your reflection to make you look--and hence feel--happier, encouraging you to like what you see．That's the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleagues at the University of Tokyo in Japan．The system can manipulate your emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face．The principle that physiological (生理的) changes candrive emotional ones－that laughter comes before happiness, rather than the other way around--is a well-established idea．The researchers wanted to see if this idea could be usedto build a computer system that manipulates how youfeel．The system works by presenting the user with a webcam (网络摄像头) image of his or her face--as if they were looking in a mirror． The image is then subtly altered withsoftware, turning the comers of the mouth up or down and changing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown．Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited 21 volunteers and asked them to sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task． When the task was complete the participants rated how they felt．When the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier．Conversely, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy．Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers' emotional state would influence their preferences． Each person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image． The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smiling were less likely．The system could be used to manipulate consumers' impressions of products, say the researchers．For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections． They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on．"It's certainly an interesting area," says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK．But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions．"Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring, that the reflected image looks believable would be much more challenging," he says．Of course, there are also important ethical questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology．"You could argue that if it makes people happy what harm is it doing?" says Creed．"But I can imagine that many people may feel manipulated, uncomfortable and cheated if they found out．"56．What's the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?A．To see whether one's feeling can be unconsciously affected．B． To see whether one's facial expressions can be altered．C． To see whether laughter comes before happiness．D．To replace the mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms．57．What can we learn about the webcam image in the study?A． It recorded the volunteers' performance in the task．B． It gave the volunteers an illusion．C． It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier．D． It altered the volunteers' looks in the mirror．58．What would probably happen if the researchers' suggestions were to be taken?A． People would totally change their personal preferences．B． People would feel cheated and angry．C． People would buy some clothes they don't like．D． People would try on more clothes they like．59．What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technology?A． It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes．B． It only works in clothing stores．C． It only makes subtle changes to people's expressions．D． It only deals with a．limited number of facial expressions．60． What does Creed's comment on the ethical issues with this technology imply?A． Nothing is more important than happiness．B． People should make their decisions independently．C． Technology is unable to manipulate people．D． People should not base their happiness on technology．。
2019年12月大学英语六级仔细阅读练习题（4）
2019年12月大学英语六级仔细阅读练习题（4）2019年12月大学英语六级仔细阅读练习题（4） Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.They're still kids, and although there's a lot that the experts don't yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it's all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy (懂技术的) Millennial elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblings don't quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation.The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired： Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I： Parenting the Net Generation, that they warrant the distinction of a new generation, which he has dubbed the "ingeneration"."The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it's also a mind-set, and the mind-set goes with the little ‘i',which I'm talking to stand for 'individualized'," Rosen says. "Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me'. My music choices are defined to ' me'. What I watch on TV any instant isdefi ned to ‘me'. " He says the iGeneration includestoday's teens and middle-school ers, but it's too soon totell about elementary-school ages and younger.Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. "If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it," he says. "They expect innovation."They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use "will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires."Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable fromtheir wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are supposedly banned.Many researchers are trying t6 determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. "They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do," Rosen says. "But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development. "Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly."The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential(指数的), and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think," Rosen says."We have to give them options because they want their world individualized. "56. Compared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kidsA．communicate with others by high-tech methodscontinuallyB．prefer to live a virtual life than a real oneC．are equipped with more modem digital techniquesD．know more on technology than their elders57. Why did Larry Rosen name the new generation as iGeneration?A．Because this generation is featured by the use of personal high-tech devices.B．Because this generation stresses on an individualizedstyle of life.C．Because it is the author himself who has discovered the new generation.D．Because it's a mind-set generation instead of an age-set one.58. Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen?A．This generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things.B．Everything must be adapted to the peculiar need of the generation.C．This generation catches up with the development of technology.D．High-tech such as wireless devices goes with the generation.59. Rosen's findings suggest that technologyA．has an obvious effect on the function of iGeneration's brain developmentB．has greatly affected the iGeneration's behaviors and academic performanceC．has no significantly negative effect on iGeneration'smental and intellectual developmentD．has caused distraction problems on iGeneration which affect their daily performance60. According to the passage, education has to __A．adapt its system to the need of the new generationB．use more technologies to cater for the iGenerationC．risk its system to certain extent for the iGenerationD．be conducted online for iGeneration's individualized need。
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2019年12月英语六级长篇阅读模拟题(四)Passage FourWords： 1,062Sugar—Friend VS EnemyA) Sugar is everywhere. It’s in our drinks, it’s in our foods, and it’s hidden in places we never would think of. Many would call sugar their friend in time of need, but in fact their so-called “good friend” could turn out to be their worst enemy in disguise. Sugar for many is something they may have been battling with for a long time. Here’s a simple three-step process to help you start to win back the battle for your health.B) The first step is to be aware of what sugar really does to your body. Most people will say they “know” that they shouldn’t have sugar, but they really can’t help it. To me that is a lack of true awareness of what sugar does to oneself. I don+t think many people will say that they want to hurt their body on purpose, but unless th ey know it’s really happening they will continue down that road. Sugar is slower to impact our health, and it，s that slow destructive process that is the most dangerous. Unfortunately, most people don’t know the damage until it has already been done.C) Sugar increases fat storing. Possibly the most important hormone in the body is insulin (胰岛素），when it comes to weight loss and health. Insulin is the main hormone that we have full control over daily through our diet and lifestyle. When we eat sugar and it enters into ourbloodstream too quickly, we have a spike in blood sugar levels. Now in times of high activity we are able to burn it off, but if we are sitting around this is not a good thing. So in response to that high level of blood sugar, the body will release more insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin will then take the excess glucose (葡萄糖）and try to find a place to store it. If your muscles are all full or have insulin resistance) then the best place to put the excess glucose is fat cells. When insulin is high, the fat cells are told to shut down any process of releasing stored fat into the blood for burning. With chronic high insulin spikes comes a resistance to it by your cells, leading to more insulin production, leading to more fat storing, and more resistance, eventually going down a road of diabetes and ill health for the whole body.D) Sugar also disrupts normal brain function. I think most people can relate to mood swings and energy highs/lows that come after a high sugar meal. Sugar can also be the source of many people’s increased anxiety and depression. Let us not also forget the kids with ever-increasingattention “disorders” and behavioral issues. Sugar is not helping with that, either. In fact, there have been many studies that show when taking sugar out of a kid’s diet and increasing fat intake, their attention ability increases, their behavior changes for the better.E) Sugar decreases your overall health and makes you age quicker. Too much sugar will lower your overall immune system increase destructive inflammation, lead to essential mineral deficiencies in the body, feed bad bacteria growth in your gut and other wonderful stuff. Aging is just a fancy word forthe body breaking down quicker than it can repair itself, as that is what happens when we get older. Aging also is accelerated by the increasing risks of all degenerative diseases such as diabetes, osteoporosis, heart disease and cancers. We are all going to get older, but it doesn’t mean that we have to “age” quicker.F) The second step is to realize you are in 100% controlof your actions. This could be the most underrated yet the most important step, as we are the only person who controls what we put into our body. Everything starts in what wechoose to put in our mouths. So me people may say they can’t control their sugar cravings, but that is already admitting defeat and giving up power to some “cosmic sugar influence” out there. We can pass on dessert, we don’t need to buy a candy bar, we can drink water instead of soda, but the choice is ours to make.G) Also many like to call it an “addiction”. This isjust another way to give up your own personal power of choice. While sugar can have “addictive like” qualities, it’s not something that you own or is a part of you. Fight the battle and you will get over the addictive feelings, they will go away. But if you call it an addiction and make it part of you, then it is yours to keep forever. Be free from it, let go. Take back control and anything is possible.H) The third step is to just live the daily journey one choice at a time. Life is just a series of present moments, and the choices we make in those moments. So let，s justfocus on what we can do right now instead of worrying about。