Analytical_methods_Sodium_tetraborate
丙烯胺检测(盐酸司维拉姆+碳酸司维拉姆)
Sci Pharm www.scipharm.atResearch articleDevelopment and Validation of aGas Chromatography Method for the Trace Level Determination of Allylamine inSevelamer Hydrochloride andSevelamer Carbonate Drug SubstancesRaju V. S. N. K ADIYALA * 1, Pavan Kumar S. R. K OTHAPALLI1, Madhava Reddy P EDDOLLA1, Pradeep R AJPUT1, Hemant Kumar S HARMA1, Shankar Reddy B UDETI1, Himabindu G ANDHAM2, Annapurna N OWDURI21 Aurobindo Pharma Ltd Research Centre-II, Survey No: 71 & 72, Indrakaran village, Sangareddy mandal, Medak district, 502329, Andhra Pradesh, India.2 Andhra University College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam-530003, Andhra Pradesh, India.* Corresponding author. E-mails: raju_kadiyala@ (R. V. S. N. Kadiyala),pavan_kothapalli@ (P. K. S. R. Kothapalli)Sci Pharm. 2014; 82: 117–128 doi:10.3797/scipharm.1309-12Published: November 14th 2013 Received: September 22nd 2013Accepted: November 14th 2013This article is available from: /10.3797/scipharm.1309-12© Kadiyala et al.; licensee Österreichische Apotheker-Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. H., Vienna, Austria.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.AbstractA capillary gas chromatography method using a flame ionization detector hasbeen developed for the trace analysis of allylamine (AA) in sevelamerhydrochloride (SVH) and sevelamer carbonate (SVC) drug substances.The method utilized a mega bore capillary column DB-CAM (30 m x 0.53 mm x1.0 µm) with a bonded and cross-linked, base-deactivated polyethylene glycolstationary phase and was validated for specificity, sensitivity, precision, linearity,and accuracy. The detection and quantitation limits obtained for allylamine were2 µg/g and 6 µg/g, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the rangebetween 6 µg/g and 148 µg/g with a correlation coefficient of 0.9990. Theaverage recoveries obtained in SVH and SVC were 93.9% and 99.1%,respectively. The developed method was found to be robust for thedetermination of AA in sevelamer drug substances and also the specificity wasdemonstrated with a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer.118 R. V. S. N. Kadiyala et al.:KeywordsAllylamine • Sevelamer hydrochloride • Sevelamer carbonate • Gas chromatography with Flame ionization detectorIntroductionSevelamer is known as poly(allylamine) cross-linked with epichlorohydrin. Sevelamer is available in the form of hydrochloride salt as well as carbonate salt (sevelamer hydrochloride and sevelamer carbonate) and both are insoluble in water [1]. Sevelamer hydrochloride (SVH) was marketed as Renager® and sevelamer carbonate (SVC) was marketed as Renvela® respectably by the Genzyme Corporation. These are orally active drug substances which are used for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia. Sevelamer acts as a phosphate binder and it has been shown to decrease serum phosphate concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease [2]. The chemical structures of sevelamer hydrochloride and sevelamer carbonate are shown in Figure 1.Sevelamer hydrochlorideSevelamer carbonateCl b acmClH 3NH 3N HN HNOHb acmHCO 3H 2NH 3NHN HNOHWhere in a,b = Number of primary amine groups (a + b = 9); c = Number of cross-linking groups (c = 1);m = Large number to indicate extended polymer networkFig. 1. Chemical structures of sevelamer hydrochloride and sevelamer carbonate.Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) is an intermediate in the synthetic process of SVH and SVC drug substances. In the preparation of poly(allylamine hydrochloride), allylamine (AA) is used as a key starting material, which is an unsaturated aliphatic amine, a colorless liquid, and chemically known as 3-amino-1-propene. It is potentially toxic and its oral LD 50 is 106 mg/kg for rats. The general toxic effects of the freebase forms are primarily related to irritation of the mucous membranes, whereas the relatively long history of experimental use of this chemical has emphasized its extraordinarily deleterious effects on the heart and vascular tissue [3]. Its acute toxicity is believed to be involved in the metabolism of AA to highly reactive acrolein. Because of its known toxic nature, the presence of residual AA in SVH and SVC drug substances should be controlled as per ICH (International Conference on Harmonization), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and European Medicines Agency Guidelines (EMAG) [4–6].Development and Validation of a Gas Chromatography Method for the Trace Level Determination (119)Some of the analytical methods are already available in literature for the determination of AA and aliphatic amines. Recently, the United States Pharmacopeial forum has published a HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) derivatization method (with sodium tetraborate solution) using a fluorescence detector [7] for the quantification of allylamine. An ion chromatography method with a conductivity detector was published for trace level determination of allylamine with the limit of detection and limit of quantitation values 2.7 and 9.0 µg/ml, respectively [8]. Kurt Andersson has reported the determination of a trace amount of n-propylamine, n-butylamine, and allylamine in air samples by an HPLC reversed-phase method with UV (Ultraviolet-visible) detection using 1-naphthyl isocyanate derivatives [9]. The determination of aliphatic amines in water by gas chromatography using headspace solvent microextraction was reported by Massoud Kaykhaii [10]. The quantification of residual aliphatic amines in oligonucleotides was reported on headspace gas chromatography (GC) [11]. The determination of short aliphatic amines in water by HPLC with chemiluminescence detection [12] was reported by S. Meseguer Lloret. Although different methods were reported in the literature for the determination of AA in different samples, this research paper describes a simple and sensitive GC method with a flame ionization detector (FID) for the quantification of AA in SVH and SVC drug substances with limit of detection and limit of quantitation values 0.3 and 1.0 µg/ml, respectively, which is more sensitive when compared with the ion chromatography (IC) method [8]. Considering a maximum daily dosage of 7.2 g per day of sevelamer drugs, any impurity in sevelamer drugs must be less than 0.05%, but 100 µg/g has been chosen as the specification level for this research work. The developed method was validated for specificity, sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantitation), linearity, precision (system precision, method precision, and intermediate precision), accuracy, and robustness in accordance with ICH Q2 (R1) / United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines [13, 14].ExperimentalChemicals and ReagentsThe SVH and SVC drug substances were gifted by the Aurobindo Pharma Limited Research Centre (Hyderabad, India). Triethylamine and allylamine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Analytical grade methylene chloride, chloroform, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide pellets, HPLC grade dimethyl sulfoxide, and water were procured from Merck chemicals (Mumbai, India). Sodium sulfate anhydrous was purchased from RFCL limited (New Delhi, India).Instrumentation for GC-FIDThe Agilent 7890A equipped with a flame ionization detector and a 7683B auto sampler was used in the research work. Data acquisition and processing were conducted using the EZ chrom software.Instrumentation for GC-MSThe Shimadzu GC coupled with a GCMS-QP 2010 plus mass detector (GC-MS) and a Combipal auto sampler was used in the research work. Data acquisition and processing were conducted using GCMS solution software.120 R. V. S. N. Kadiyala et al.:Operating Conditions for GC-FIDThe GC separation was carried out on a J&W Scientific DB-CAM column with dimensions of 30 m length, 0.53 mm I.D., and film thickness 1.0 μm with an injection volume of 2 μL. The oven temperature gradient was started at 70°C and held for 6 min. Then it was raised to 200°C at the rate of 20°C/min and held at 200°C for 7.5 min. Helium was used as a carrier gas with a constant flow rate of 5.33 ml/min with split mode 1:5. The injector temperature and the detector temperature were kept at 220°C and at 260°C, respectively.Operating Conditions for GC-MSThe J&W Scientific DB-CAM capillary column with a dimension of 30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm film thickness was used for the chromatographic separation. The initial oven temperature was 60°C, maintained for 6 min, and then increased to 200°C at a rate of 10°C/min followed by holding at 200°C for 1 min. The injection volume was 2 μl with split mode 1:5. Helium was used as the carrier gas with a constant flow rate of 0.49 ml/min. The injector temperature was 200°C. The ion source and interface temperatures were set at 250 and 220°C, respectively. The electron impact (EI) mode at 70 eV was utilized for sample ionization. The GC-MS spectra for AA and internal standard were obtained through the injection of the standard and sample solutions and scanning in the range of m/z 30–700.Preparation of Solutions2 N Sodium Hydroxide SolutionAccurately weigh and transfer 8.0 g of sodium hydroxide pellets into a 100 ml volumetric flask containing about 50 ml of water, dissolve, and then dilute to volume with water. Internal Standard SolutionAccurately weigh and transfer 40 mg of triethylamine into a 25 ml volumetric flask containing about 10 ml of chloroform, then dilute to volume with chloroform. Further dilute 1.0 ml of this solution to 200 ml with chloroform (8 mg/ml).Preparation of Blank SolutionTransfer 3 ml of internal standard solution into a 10 ml centrifuge tube and add 4 ml of 2 N sodium hydroxide solution and centrifuge for 5 min at 3000 rpm. Collect the lower layer (chloroform layer) carefully through an automatic pipette and pass through anhy-drous sodium sulfate.Preparation of Standard Solution (17 mg/ml)Accurately weigh and transfer 42 mg of allylamine into a 50 ml volumetric flask containing about 20 ml of internal standard solution, then dilute to volume with internal standard solution. Further dilute 1.0 ml of this solution to 50 ml with internal standard solution. Transfer 3 ml of standard solution into a 10 ml centrifuge tube and add 4 ml of 2 N sodium hydroxide solution and centrifuge for 5 min at 3000 rpm. Collect the lower layer (chloroform layer) carefully through an automatic pipette and pass through anhydrous sodium sulfate.Development and Validation of a Gas Chromatography Method for the Trace Level Determination (121)Preparation of Sample SolutionAccurately weigh and transfer 500 mg of the sample into a 10 ml centrifuge tube, add 4 ml of 2 N sodium hydroxide solution. Shake the contents for approximately 5 min mechanically. Transfer 3.0 ml of the internal standard solution into the centrifuge tube. Again, shake the contents for approximately 5 min mechanically and centrifuge for 5 min at 3000 rpm. Collect the lower layer (chloroform layer) carefully through an automatic pipette and pass through anhydrous sodium sulfate.Results and DiscussionsMethod Development and OptimizationThe challenge is to achieve the detection and quantitation at a low level using the gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for obtaining good separation and the desired sensitivity. Development trials were initiated on the head-space technique using the stationary phase, 5% diphenyl, 95% dimethyl polysiloxane (Rtx-5; Make: Restek) as this column is an amine column specific for amines and other basic compounds. Standard AA solution and spiked sample solutions were prepared and injected into the GC. AA was eluted at around 5 min and unknown peak interference was observed at AA retention time in the spiked sample chromatogram. Further different trials were performed by changing the temperature programmes, column dimensions, and stationary phases. However, interference was observed. Later on, the direct-liquid injection technique was selected for the quantification of AA. The sample solution was prepared by dissolving the sample in chloroform, filtering, and injecting into the GC. Background interference was encountered in this trial. After cleaning the inlet port (to avoid ghost peaks), a broad peak shape of AA was observed, which suggests another type of sample preparation to reduce the interference from the sample matrix for quantification and proper peak shape purposes. The extraction technique using internal standard has been chosen for the low level quantification of AA by the liquid injection technique. Triethylamine (TEA) was chosen as the internal standard as it does not react with AA and it has a similar functional group. Initially, methylene chloride was chosen as an extraction solvent, but some interference was observed at the retention time of the internal standard in the DB-CAM (30 m x 0.53 mm x 1.0 µm) column. When chloroform was used as an extraction solvent, there was no interference found at the retention time of TEA and AA. The resolution between TEA and AA peaks should not be less than 2.0, which is kept as the system suitability criteria. Finally, the DB-CAM (30 m x 0.53 mm x 1.0 µm) (Make: J&W, fused silica coated with base-deactivated polyethylene glycol) column was preferred, as the analyte peaks were eluted with shorter retention times when compared with smaller internal diameter columns. Method ValidationThe developed and optimized method was validated for specificity, sensitivity [limit of detection (LOD) & limit of quantitation (LOQ)], linearity, precision [system precision, method precision & intermediate precision], accuracy, and robustness as per ICH guideline Q2(R1) [13] and USP<1225> [14].122 R. V. S. N. Kadiyala et al.:SpecificityThe blank solution, individual injections of AA, and all other known residual solvents (which are used in the process of sevelamer drugs i.e. methanol and epichlorohydrin), SVH and SVC drug substance sample solutions, control sample solutions (SVH and SVC drug substances spiked with AA), and spiked sample solutions (SVH and SVC drug substances spiked with AA and all other known residual solvents) were prepared and injected into the GC. From the chromatograms, it was found that the AA peak was well-separated from all other known solvents, indicating that the test method is selective and specific for the determination of AA in sevelamer compounds. Typical GC chromatograms of the blank solution, standard solution, and spiked sample solutions of SVH and SVC are shown in Figure 2. The identity and specificity of the AA peak was further demonstrated through GC-MS. The internal standard solution, mass fragments including the base peak of the AA standard and sevelamer compounds spiked with AA were found to be comparable with National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST) mass spectral library for AA. Typical GC-MS ion chromatograms of the blank solution, standard solution, and sevelamer compounds spiked with AA are shown in Figure 3. From the GC and GC-MS data, it is concluded that the proposed method is specific for allylamine determination.LOD and LOQ PrecisionThe limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values for AA were determined by the signal-to-noise ratio (s/n) method. The minimum concentration at 3:1 s/n was considered as the LOD and the concentration at 10:1 s/n was considered as the LOQ. The LOD and LOQ values obtained for AA were 2 and 6 µg/g, respectively, with respect to the sample concentration, which corresponds to 0.3 and 1.0 µg/ml. Precision was verified by preparing the solutions at about the LOD and LOQ concentrations and injecting each solution six times into the GC. The results are tabulated in Table-1.LinearityThe linearity was evaluated by measuring the area ratio for AA to internal standard over the range of 1.0 to 25 µg/ml [6 to 150 µg/g with respect to sample concentration] and the obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using a linear regression model. The statistical results such as correlation coefficient, slope, intercept, STEYX are reported in Table 1.Tab. 1. Statistical data of linearity, LOD/LOQ for allylamineStatistical parameters ResultsCorrelation coefficient 0.9990Concentration range (µg/g) 6–148Intercept 0.0231Slope(S) 0.0125Residual standard on deviation response (SD) 0.0322Limit of detection (µg/g) 2Limit of quantification (µg/g) 6Precision for Limit Of Detection (%R.S.D) 3.1Precision for Limit Of Quantification (%R.S.D) 2.6Calibration points 6Development and Validation of a Gas Chromatography Method for the Trace Level Determination (123)abcdFig. 2. Typical GC chromatograms of a) blank solution, b) standard solution,c) sevelamer hydrochloride spiked with allylamine including known residualsolvents, and d) sevelamer carbonate spiked with allylamine including knownresidual solvents.124 R. V. S. N. Kadiyala et al.:abcdFig. 3.Typical GC-MS total ion chromatograms of a) blank solution, b) standardsolution, c) sevelamer hydrochloride spiked with allylamine, and d) sevelamer carbonate spiked with allylamine.T r i e t h y l a m i n eT r i e t h y l a m i n eA l l y l l a m i n eT r i e t h y l a m i n eA l l y l l a m i n eT r i e t h y l a m i n eA l l y l l a m i n eDevelopment and Validation of a Gas Chromatography Method for the Trace Level Determination (125)AccuracyAccuracy of the method was verified through performing recovery experiments by spiking known amounts of AA at the LOQ level, 50%, 100%, and 150% of the specification level (i.e. 100 µg/g) to SVH and SVC drugs separately and the obtained recovery results are tabulated in Table 2, respectively.Tab. 2. Accuracy data of allylamine in sevelamer hydrochloride and sevelamer carbonateAccuracy(Average of 3 replicates)Sevelamer hydrochlorideLevel-I Level-II Level-III Level-IVAdded (µg/g ) 6.1 50.5 100.9 151.6 Recovered (µg/g ) 5.8 47.5 94.8 140.6 Recovery (%) 95.1 94.1 94.0 92.7 R.S.D(%) 2.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 Overall recovery (%)(Average of 12 replicates)93.9Accuracy(Average of 3 replicates)Sevelamer carbonateLevel-I Level-II Level-III Level-IVAdded (µg/g ) 6.1 50.4 101.1 151.5Recovered (µg/g ) 6.0 50.1 98.3 153.8Recovery (%) 98.4 99.4 97.2 101.5R.S.D(%) 1.7 0.4 0.2 0.8Overall recovery (%)(Average of 12 replicates)99.1PrecisionThe system precision was demonstrated by injecting the standard solution of AA six times into GC and calculating the area ratios using the areas obtained from AA and TEA. The method precision of the method was established by preparing six individual sample preparations by spiking AA to SVH and SVC drug substances separately, injecting into the GC, and calculating the AA content. The ruggedness of the method was evaluated by preparing six individual sample preparations [the same samples which were used in the method precision experiment] by spiking AA to SVH and SVC drug substances separately, injecting into the GC, and calculating the AA content using two different columns, different makes of instruments (i.e. Agilent and Shimadzu), and by different analysts on different days. The achieved precision experimental results are reported in Table 3.126 R. V. S. N. Kadiyala et al.:Tab. 3. Statistical data of precision experimentsSevelamer hydrochloride Sevelamer carbonateIDSystemprecision aMethodprecision bRuggedness b Methodprecision bRuggedness b(µg/g) (µg/g)1 1.2471 94 99 97 1002 1.2390 95 100 97 1003 1.2368 95 99 97 1004 1.2352 95 101 99 995 1.2332 95 97 99 986 1.2324 95 99 100 97 Mean 1.2373 95 99 98 99 SD 0.0054 0.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 % RSD 0.4 0.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 95% CI(±) 0.0057 0.4 1.4 1.4 1.4Overall statistical data(n=12)Mean 97 99 SD 2.4 1.3 % RSD 2.5 1.3 95% CI(±) 1.5 0.8a area ratio of allylamine;b content of allylamine.RobustnessThis study was performed by making deliberate variations in the method parameters. The effect of variation in the carrier gas flow and column initial oven temperature for the AA determination was studied. All experimental system suitability results (resolution between TEA and AA) are mentioned in Table 4.Tab. 4. Summary of system suitability resultsExperimentResolution between Triethylamine and Allylamine1st day 4.42nd day 4.93rd day 4.54th day 4.6−10% of carrier gas flow 5.3+10% of carrier gas flow 4.5−2°C column initial oven temperature 4.9+2°C column initial oven temperature 5.1ConclusionThe method validation data demonstrated that the developed GC method is more sensitive than the reported ion chromatography method (8). Also, the specificity of the method was established by both GC and GC-MS as well as accurate for the estimation of AA. Hence,Development and Validation of a Gas Chromatography Method for the Trace Level Determination (127)the validated GC method can be employed in the routine analysis for the quantification of allylamine in sevelamer hydrochloride and sevelamer carbonate drug substances. AcknowledgementThe authors gratefully acknowledge the management of APL Research Centre (A Division of Aurobindo Pharma Ltd.) for allowing us to carry out the research work. The authors are also thankful to the colleagues of the Analytical Research Department and Chemical Research Department for their cooperation.Authors’ StatementCompeting InterestsThe authors declare no conflict of interest.References[1] The Merck index 15th edition.RSC Publishing; Sevelamer. MONO1500008613.[2] Barna MM, Kapoian T, Neeta BO.Sevelamer carbonate.Ann Pharmacother. 2010; 44: 127–134./10.1345/aph.1M291[3] Boor PJ, Hysmith RM.Allylamine cardiovascular toxicity.Toxicology. 1987; 44: 129–145./10.1016/0300-483X(87)90144-2[4] Committee for medicinal products for human use (CHMP).European medicines Agency (EMEA) London, UK, 2006.(CPMP/SWP/5199/02,EMEA/CHMP/QWP/251344/2006)[5] Committee for medicinal products for human use(CHMP).European medicines Agency (EMEA) London, UK, 2008.(EMEA/CHMP/SWP/431994/2007)[6] US Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration.Center for Drug Evaluation and research (CDER), Silver Spring, MD, USA, 2008.[7] US Pharmacopeial forum 38(6).In-process revision: Sevelamer hydrochloride./pf/pub/data/v386/MON_IPR_386_m75125.html[8] Karthikeyan K, Shanmugasundaram P, Ramadhas R, Pillai KC.Development and validation of rapid ion-chromatographic method with conductivity detection for trace level determination of allylamine in sevelamer drug substances.J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2011; 54: 203–207./10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.017[9] Andersson K, Hallgren C, Levin JO, Nilsson CA.Determination of aliphatic amines in air by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using 1-naphthyl isocyanate derivatives.J Chromatogr. 1984; 312: 482–488./10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92803-1128 R. V. S. N. Kadiyala et al.:[10] Kaykhaii M, Nazari S, Chamsaz M.Determination of aliphatic amines in water by gas chromatography using headspace solvent micro extraction.Talanta. 2005; 65: 223–228./10.1016/j.talanta.2004.06.019[11] Wald GV, Albers D, Nicholson L, Langhorst M, Bell B.Development of a headspace gas chromatography method to determine residual aliphatic amines in oligonucleotides.J Chromatogr A. 2005; 1076: 179–182./10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.052[12] Lloret SM, Legua CM, Andres JV, Falco PC.Sensitive determination of aliphatic amines in water by high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection.J Chromatogr A. 2004; 1035: 75–82./10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.027[13] International conference on Harmonization.Validation of Analytical procedures: Text and methodology Q2(R1), Step 4, 2005.[14] United States Pharmacopeia.USP 36, NF 31, General chapters: <1225>, 2013.。
药物分析常用英语词汇
药物分析专业英语词汇表A absorbance 吸收度absorption 吸收absorption coefficient 吸收系数Acid —dye colormcty 酸性染料比色法acidity 酸度adjusted retention time 调整保留时间absorption 吸附alumina 氧化铝，矾土ammonium thiocyanate 硫氰酸铵anhydrous substance 干燥品antioxidant 抗氧剂area normalization method 面积归一法arsenic sport 砷斑assay tolerance 含量限度acid burette 酸式滴定管 a mortar 研钵B back extraction 反萃取batch 批Benttendorlf method 白田道夫法biotransformation 生物转化boiling range 沸程bromate titration 溴酸盐滴定法bromothymol blue 溴麝香酚蓝by —product 副产物burette glass bead nozzle 滴定管absorbance ratio 吸收度比值absorption curve 吸收曲线accurate value 准确值acidimcty 酸量法activity 活度absorbent 吸收剂alkalinity 碱度ambient temperature 室温analyticalquality control 分析质量控制application of sample 点样arsenic 砷assay 含量测定attenuation 衰减alkaliburette 碱式滴定管band absorption 谱带吸收batch number 批号between day precision 日间密度精blank test 空白试验British Pharmacopeia 英国药典brominemethod 溴量法bulk drug 原料药breaker 烧杯brown acid burette 棕色酸式滴定管Ccalibration curve 校正曲线calomel electrode 甘汞电极calorimetry 量热分析capacity factor 容量因子capillary gas chromatography 毛细管气相色谱法carrier gas 载气characteristics description 性状chelate compound 螯合物chemical equivalent 化学当量Chinese pharmacopeia 中国药典Chinese material medicine 中成药Chinese material midical preparation 中药制剂chiral手性的chiral carb on atom 手性碳原子chromatography 色谱法chromatographic con diti on 色谱条件coefficie nt of distributio n 分配系数color change interval 变色范围colormetry 比色法colu mn temperature柱温completeness of solution 溶液的澄清度concentration —time curve 浓度时间曲线con fide nee level 置信水平correlati on coefficie nt 相关系数congealing point 凝点con trolled trial 对照试验contrast test对照试验cresal red甲酚红cyanide氰化物dead—stop titrati on 永定滴定法deflection 偏差degass ing 脱气deliquescenee 潮解查法develop ing reage nt 展开剂deviation 偏差diastereoisomer非对映异构体differential thermal analysis 差示热differe ntial scanning calorimetry 差示扫描热法day to day precision 日间精密度direct injectio n 直接进样2,6-dichlori ndophe nol titratio n 2,6- 二氯靛酚滴疋法digestion 消化diphastic titrati on 双向滴定dispersion 分散度dissolution test溶解度检查distribution chromatography 分配色谱drug quality con trol 药品质量控希9 duplicate test 重复试验dis in tegrati on test 崩解试验dissolubility 溶解度distilli ng range 滴程dose齐U量drying to con sta nt weight 干燥至恒重disk method water method 压片法E effective constituent 有效成分effective of column 柱效electrophoresis 电泳effective plate number 有效板数elim in ati on 消除chromatogram 色谱图chromatographic colu mn 色谱柱clarity澄清度coefficie nt of variati on 变异系数color react ion 显色反应column efficiency 柱效comparative test 比较试验conjugate缀合物con fide nee in terval 置信区间con trolled trial 对照试验contrast test对照试验content unifarmity 装量差异correlati on coefficie nt 相关系数counter ion 反离子cuvette cell 比色池casserole small 勺皿Ddead time死时间deflection point 拐点deionized water去离子水depressor substances test 降压物质检desiccant干燥剂detect ion 检查developing chamber 展开室dextrose右旋糖diazotization 重氮化分析法Gutzeit 古蔡dissolution 溶出度eluate 洗脱液enamtiomer 对映体en doge nous substa nces 内源性物质 enzyme induction 酶诱导 epimer 差向异构体error in volumetric an alysis exclusion chromatographyexpiration date 失效期 exter nal sta ndard method 夕卜标法extration gravimetry 提取重量法extrapolatedmethod 夕卜插法 end absorption 末端吸收 enzyme drug 酶类药物en zyme in hibiti on 酶抑希 9 equilibrium constant 平衡常数 容量分析误差 排阻色谱法extract 提取物extract ion titrati on 提取容量法evaporating dish small 蒸发皿 electronic balanee MettlerAL204 MettlerAL204 电 Ffehling 'reaction 斐林实验fineness of the particles 颗粒细度fluoresce nee spectrophotometry 荧光分光 fluoresce nee detecti on 荧光 检测器 foreig nGgas chromatography 气相色谱法 gas-liquid chromatography 气液色谱 法 gas purifier 气体净化器 General identification test 一般鉴别试验 general notices 凡例 General requirements ( 药典) 通贝U good clinical practices 药品临床管 理规范 good laboratory practices 药品实验室管理规范 good manufacturing practices(GMP)药品生产质量管理规范 good supply practices(GSP) gradie nt eluti on 梯度洗脱 grating光栅Gutzeit test 古蔡(检砷)法grad cylinder 量筒 graduatedpipettes 刻度吸管药品供应管理规范 gravimetric method 重量法 glass funnel long stem 玻璃漏斗 glass rod 玻棒GC 气相色谱Hheavy metal 重金属half peak width 平峰宽elution 洗脱Erlenmeyer flask 锥形瓶elongated bulb 胖肚 子天平factor 系数 filter 过滤flow rate 流速 fluoresce nt age nt 荧光剂光度法fluoresce nee an alysis 荧光分析法 pigment 有色杂质 formulary 处方集 freezing test 冻结试验 filter paper 滤纟氏free 游离fused silica 熔融石英heat conductivity 热导率 height equivale nt to a theoreticalplate 理论塔板高度 height of an high-performa nee liquid chromatography high-performa nee thin-layer chromatography hydrolysis 水解 hydrophobicity 疏水性 hyperchromic effect 浓色效应 HHS-type constant temperature water bath HPLC 高效液相色谱法Iiden tificati on 鉴另 immobile phase 固定相 immuno assay 免疫测定 in activati on 失活 indicator electrode 指示电极 in hibitor 抑制剂 in strume ntal an alysis 仪器分析 insulin assay 胰岛素生物检测法 intercept 截距 internal sta ndard substa nee 内标物质 in vitro 体夕卜 iodide 碘化物 iodometry 碘量法 ion pair chromatography 离子对色谱 ionsuppression 离子抑制 ion-pairi ng age nt 离子对试剂 isoabsorptive point 等吸收点 isoelectric point 等电点 isoosmoticsolution irreversible in dicator irreversible pote ntial 不可逆电位 ignition to constant weight 灼烧至恒重impurity 杂质index 索引 indicator 指示剂 injecting septum 进样隔膜胶垫 injection value 进样阀 integrator 积分仪 in terface 接口 Intern ati onal unit国际单位 in vivo 体内 iodoform reation碘仿反应ion suppression 离子抑制 ionic strength 离子强度 ioni zati on 电离 isocratic elution 等溶剂组成洗脱等渗溶液 不可逆指示剂KKarl Fischer titration 卡尔-费舍尔滴定 凯氏定氮法 Kovats rete ntio n in dex 科瓦茨保留指数Llabelled amount 标示量 leveling effect 均化效应 limit c on trol 限量控制limit of detection 检测限 limit test 杂质限度试验leading peak 前延峰 licensedpharmacist 执业药师limit of quantitation 定量限effective plate 有效塔板高度 (HPLC)高效液相色谱法(HPTLC)高效薄层色谱法 hydrate 水合物 hydrophilicity 亲水性 hydroxyl value 羟值 hypochromic effect 淡色效应 HHS 型恒温水锅 Kjeldahl method for nitrogenKober reage nt 科伯试剂loss on drying 干燥失重lin earity and range 线性及范围lin earity sca nning 线性扫描litmus paper 石蕊试纸main constituent 主成分maltol reaction 麦芽酚试验mass analyzer detector 质量分析检测器mass spectrum 质谱图mean deviation 平均偏差melting range 熔距metastable ion 亚稳离子microanalysis 微量分析microcrystal 微晶migration time 迁移时间mobile phase 流动相molecular formula 分子式monochromator 单色器natural product 天然产物n eutralizatio n 中和lumin esce nee 发光lyophilizatio n 冷冻干燥Mmake-up gas 尾吹气Marquis test马奎斯试验mass spectrometric analysis 质谱分析melting point 熔点metabolite 代谢物micellar chromatography 胶束色谱法microdialysis 微透析Millipore filtration 微孔过滤monitor 检测mono graphs 正文NNessler's reage nt碱性碘化汞试液n itroge n content 总氮量non aqueous acid-base titrati on非水酸碱滴定non specific impuritynonprescription drug ,over the counter drugs 非处方药一般杂质non-volatile matter 不挥发物normal phase 正相normalization 归一化法Nessler color comparison tube 纟内氏比色管Onotice 凡例octadecyl silane bonded silicagel 十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶odorless 辛基硅烷odorless 无臭official name 法定名official test 法定试验on-column detector 柱上检测器on-column injection 柱头进样on the dried basis 按干燥品计opalesce nee 孚L浊optical activity 光学活性optical isomerism 旋光异构optical purity 光学纯度organic volatile impurities 有机挥发性杂质orthogonal test 正交试验orthophenanthroline 令R二氮菲outlier 可疑数据overt ones 倍频圭寸oxidati on-reduct ion titrati on 氧化还原滴定oxygen flask combustion 氧瓶燃烧packed column 填充柱Ppack ing material 色谱柱填料low pressure gradient pump 氧压梯度泵palladium ion colorimetry 钯离子比色法 particulate matter 不溶性微粒 pattern recognition(ppm)百万分之几 peak valley 峰谷percent transmittanee 透光百分率 pH in dicator absorba nee ratio method pH pare nt ion 母离子 partiti on coefficie nt 分配系数 peak symmetry 峰不对称性 peak width at half height 半峰宽 指示剂吸光度比值法pharmacopeia 药典 photometer 光度计 polarity 极性 potentiometer 电位计precipitati on form 沉淀形式 preparation 制剂 pretreatment 预处理 prin cipal comp onent an alysis 主成分分析 purificati on 纯化 pyrogen 热原 plastic washbottle 洗瓶 pipette 移液管Qquality evaluati on 质量评价 qua ntitative determ in atio n 定量测定quasi-molecular ion 准分子离子racemization 消旋化rational use of drug 合理用药 reage nt sprayer 试剂喷雾剂 recovery 回收率related substanee 相关物质 relative intensity 相对强度replicate determ in ati on 平行测定referenee electrode 参比电极 relative density 相对密度 repeatability 重复性 reproducibility 重现性residual basic hydrolysis method 剩余碱水解法residual liquid junction potential 残余液接电位 residual titration 剩余滴定 residuce on ignition 炽灼残渣 resolution 分辨率 response time 响应时间 retention 保留reversed phase chromatography 反相色谱法reverse osmosis 反渗透 rinse 淋洗robust ness 可靠性pharmaceutical analysis 药物分析pharmacy 药学 polarimetry 旋光测定法 polydextran gel 葡聚糖凝胶 pote ntiometric titration 电位滴定法precision 精密度prescripti on drug 处方药 primary sta ndard 基准物质 prototype drug 原型药物 purity 纯度 pyc no meter method 比重瓶法platform balanee 天平 pyknowmeter flasks 容量瓶quality con trol 质量控制 9 quality sta ndard 质量标准 quantitative analysis 定量分析 Rrandom sampli ng 随机抽样readily carbonizable substanee 易炭化物质round 修约reage nt bottles 试剂瓶 rubber suet ion bulb 洗耳球 round bottom flask 圆底烧瓶safety 安全性Sakaguchi test 坂口试验salt bridge 盐桥salting out 盐析sample applicator 点样器sample application 点样sampling 取样saponification value 皂化值saturated calomel electrode 饱和甘汞电极selectivity 选择性sig nifica nt differe nee 显著性水平silver chloride electrode 氯化银电极sodium dodecylsulfate 十二基酸钠solubility 溶解度specification 规格specific rotati on 比旋度spiked加入标准的spray reage nt 显色剂sta ndardcolor soluti on 标准比色液standardization 标定statistical error 统计误差stock solution 储备液storage贮藏substrate 底物sulfate硫酸盐support 载体swelli ng degree 膨胀度systematic error 系统误差stopcock玻璃活塞spirit lamp 酒精灯sig nifica nt testi ng 显著性检验silica get 硅胶similarity 相似性solid-phase extraction 固相萃取specific absorbanee 吸收系数specificity 专属性specific weight 比重split injectio n 分流进样stability稳定性standard deviation 标准差standard substanee 标准品sterility test 无菌试验stoichiometric point 化学计量点stray light 杂散光substituent 取代基sulphated ash硫酸盐灰分suspe nsion 旋浊度symmetry factor 对称因子separating funnel 分液漏斗scissors 剪刀silica gel G thin layer 硅胶G 薄层板Ttable片剂tailing factor拖尾因子tailing peak 拖尾峰test solution 试液thermal analysis 热分析法thermal conductivity detector 热导检测器thermogravimetric an alysis 热重分析法The United States Pharmacopoeia 美国药典The Pharmacopoeia of Japa n 日本药局方thin layer chromatography 薄层色谱thiochrome reaction 硫色素反应thymol百里酚thymolphthalein 百里酚酞titer 滴定度three-dimensional chromatogram 三维色谱图titrant 滴定剂titration error 滴定误差toleranee容许限total quality eon trol 全面质量控制traditi on al Chin ese medici ne 中药turbidimetric assay 浊度测定法turbidity 浊度titrimetric an alysis 滴定分析法total ash总灰分traditi onal drugs 传统药turbidanee 浑浊turbidimetry 比浊度Uultraviolet irradiation 紫外线照射uniform desig n 均匀设计 uniformity of volume 装量均匀性varianee 方差 oil determ in ati on apparatus 挥发油 volatilization 挥发性 volumetric soluti on 滴定液wave length 波长weighing bottle 称量瓶 well-closed container 密闭容器zwitterions 两性离子zone electrophoresis 区带电泳xylene cyanol blue FF 二甲苯蓝 FFxylenol orange 二甲酚橙ultrace ntrifugati on 超速离心undue toxicity 异常毒性 uniformity of dosage units 含量均匀度 uni formity of weight 重量均匀性validity 可靠性viscosity 粘度 测定器volumetric analysis 容量分析 volumetric flasks 比重瓶 volatile wave number 波数 weighing form 称量形式white board 白瓷板Zigzag scanning 锯齿扫描 Zymolysis 酶解作用。
药物分析专业英语
(dissolution) vessel 溶出杯(FTIR) 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪13C-NMR spectrum,13CNMR 碳-13核磁共振谱1ength basis 长度基准1H-NMR 氢谱2D-NMR 二维核磁共振谱：2D-NMR3D-spectrochromatogram 三维光谱－波谱图Aa stream of nitrogen 氮气流a wide temperature range 宽的温度范围absolute detector response 检测器绝对响应(值)absolute entropy 绝对熵absolute error 绝对误差absolute reaction rate theory 绝对反应速率理论absolute temperature scale 绝对温标absorbance 吸光度，而不是吸收率（absorptance）。
当我们忽略反射光强时，透射率（T）与吸光度（A）满足如下关系式：A=lg(1/T)。
absorbance noise, absorbing noise 吸光度噪音。
也称光谱的稳定性，是指在确定的波长范围内对样品进行多次扫描，得到光谱的均方差。
吸光度噪音是体现仪器稳定性的重要指标。
将样品信号强度与吸光度噪音相比可计算出信噪比。
absorbed water 吸附水absorptance 吸收率absorptant 吸收剂absorption band 吸收带absorption cell 吸收池absorption curve 吸收光谱曲线/光吸收曲线absorption tube 吸收管abundance 丰度。
即具有某质荷比离子的数量accelerated solvent extraction(ASE) 加速溶剂萃取accelerated testing 加速试验accelerating decomposition 加速破坏acceptance limit，acceptance criterion 验收限度，合格标准accidental error 随机误差accuracy 准确度。
分析化学专业英语词汇总结
专业英语词汇-----分析化学第一章绪论分析化学：analytical chemistry定性分析：qualitative analysis定量分析：quantitative analysis物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physico-chemical analysis仪器分析法：instrumental analysis流动注射分析法：flow injection analysis；FIA顺序注射分析法：sequentical injection analysis;SIA化学计量学：chemometrics第二章误差的分析数据处理绝对误差：absolute error相对误差：relative error系统误差：systematic error可定误差：determinate error随机误差：accidental error不可定误差：indeterminate error准确度：accuracy精确度：precision偏差：debiation，d平均偏差：average debiation相对平均偏差：relative average debiation标准偏差（标准差）：standerd deviation;S相对平均偏差：relatibe standard deviation;RSD变异系数：coefficient of variation误差传递：propagation of error有效数字：significant figure置信水平：confidence level显著性水平：level of significance合并标准偏差（组合标准差）：pooled standard debiation 舍弃商：rejection quotient ;Q化学定量分析第三章滴定分析概论滴定分析法：titrametric analysis滴定：titration容量分析法:volumetric analysis化学计量点：stoichiometric point等当点：equivalent point电荷平衡：charge balance电荷平衡式：charge balance equation质量平衡：mass balance物料平衡：material balance质量平衡式：mass balance equation第四章酸碱滴定法酸碱滴定法：acid-base titrations 质子自递反应：auto protolysis reaction质子自递常数：autoprotolysis constant质子条件式:proton balance equation酸碱指示剂：acid-base indicator指示剂常数：indicator constant变色范围：colour change interval混合指示剂：mixed indicator双指示剂滴定法：double indicator titration第五章非水滴定法非水滴定法：nonaqueous titrations质子溶剂：protonic solvent酸性溶剂：acid solvent碱性溶剂：basic solvent两性溶剂:amphototeric solvent无质子溶剂：aprotic solvent均化效应：differentiatin g effect区分性溶剂：differentiating solvent离子化：ionization离解：dissociation结晶紫：crystal violet萘酚苯甲醇: α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol奎哪啶红：quinadinered百里酚蓝：thymol blue偶氮紫：azo violet溴酚蓝：bromophenol blue第六章配位滴定法配位滴定法：compleximetry乙二胺四乙酸：ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA 螯合物：chelate compound金属指示剂：metal lochrome indcator第七章氧化还原滴定法氧化还原滴定法：oxidation-reduction titration碘量法：iodimetry溴量法：bromimetry ]溴量法：bromine method铈量法：cerimetry高锰酸钾法：potassium permanganate method条件电位：conditional potential溴酸钾法：potassium bromate method硫酸铈法：cerium sulphate method偏高碘酸：metaperiodic acid高碘酸盐：periodate亚硝酸钠法：sodium nitrite method重氮化反应：diazotization reaction重氮化滴定法：diazotization titration亚硝基化反应：nitrozation reaction亚硝基化滴定法：nitrozation titration外指示剂：external indicator外指示剂：outside indicator重铬酸钾法：potassium dichromate method 第八章沉淀滴定法沉淀滴定法：precipitation titration容量滴定法：volumetric precipitation method 银量法：argentometric method第九章重量分析法重量分析法：gravimetric analysis挥发法：volatilization method引湿水（湿存水）：water of hydroscopicity 包埋(藏)水：occluded water吸入水：water of imbibition结晶水：water of crystallization组成水：water of composition液-液萃取法：liquid-liquid extration溶剂萃取法：solvent extration反萃取：counter extraction分配系数：partition coefficient分配比：distribution ratio离子对（离子缔合物）：ion pair沉淀形式：precipitation forms称量形式：weighing forms仪器分析概述物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physicochemical analysis仪器分析：instrumental analysis第十章电位法及永停滴定法电化学分析：electrochemical analysis电解法：electrolytic analysis method电重量法：electrogravimetry库仑法：coulo metry库仑滴定法：coulo metric titration电导法：conductometry电导分析法：conductometric analysis电导滴定法：conductometric titration电位法：potentiometry直接电位法：dirext potentiometry电位滴定法：potentiometric titration伏安法：voltammetry极谱法：polarography溶出法：stripping method电流滴定法：amperometric titration化学双电层：chemical double layer相界电位：phase boundary potential 金属电极电位：electrode potential化学电池：chemical cell液接界面：liquid junction boundary原电池：galvanic cell电解池：electrolytic cell负极：cathode正极：anode电池电动势：eletromotive force指示电极：indicator electrode参比电极：reference electroade标准氢电极：standard hydrogen electrode一级参比电极：primary reference electrode饱和甘汞电极：saturated calomel electrode银－氯化银电极：silver silver-chloride electrode液接界面：liquid junction boundary不对称电位：asymmetry potential表观PH值：apparent PH复合PH电极：combination PH electrode离子选择电极：ion selective electrode敏感器：sensor晶体电极:crystalline electrodes均相膜电极：homogeneous membrance electrodes非均相膜电极：heterogeneous membrance electrodes非晶体电极：non- crystalline electrodes刚性基质电极：rigid matrix electrode流流体载动电极：electrode with a mobile carrier气敏电极：gas sensing electrodes酶电极：enzyme electrodes金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管：MOSFET离子选择场效应管：ISFET总离子强度调节缓冲剂：total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB永停滴定法：dead-stop titration双电流滴定法（双安培滴定法）：double amperometric titration 第十一章光谱分析法概论普朗克常数：Plank constant电磁波谱：electromagnetic spectrum光谱：spectrum光谱分析法：spectroscopic analysis原子发射光谱法：atomic emission spectroscopy质量谱：mass spectrum质谱法：mass spectroscopy,MS第十二章紫外－可见分光光度法紫外－可见分光光度法：ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis肩峰：shoulder peak末端吸收：end absorbtion生色团：chromophore助色团：auxochrome红移：red shift长移：bathochromic shift短移：hypsochromic shift蓝（紫）移：blue shift增色效应（浓色效应）：hyperchromic effect减色效应（淡色效应）：hypochromic effect强带：strong band弱带：weak band吸收带：absorption band透光率：transmitance,T吸光度：absorbance谱带宽度：band width杂散光：stray light噪声：noise暗噪声：dark noise散粒噪声：signal shot noise闪耀光栅：blazed grating全息光栅：holographic grating光二极管阵列检测器：photodiode array detector 偏最小二乘法：partial least squares method ,PLS褶合光谱法：convolution spectrometry褶合变换：convolution transform,CT离散小波变换：wavelet transform,WT多尺度细化分析：multiscale analysis供电子取代基：electron donating group吸电子取代基：electron with-drawing group第十三章荧光分析法荧光：fluorescence荧光分析法：fluorometryX-射线荧光分析法：X-ray fluorometry原子荧光分析法：atomic fluorometry分子荧光分析法：molecular fluorometry振动弛豫：vibrational relaxation内转换：internal conversion外转换：external conversion体系间跨越：intersystem crossing激发光谱：excitation spectrum荧光光谱：fluorescence spectrum斯托克斯位移：Stokes shift荧光寿命：fluorescence life time荧光效率：fluorescence efficiency荧光量子产率：fluorescence quantum yield荧光熄灭法：fluorescence quenching method散射光：scattering light瑞利光：R a yleith scattering light拉曼光：Raman scattering lightAbbe refractometer 阿贝折射仪absorbance 吸收度absorbance ratio 吸收度比值absorption 吸收absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorptivity 吸收系数accuracy 准确度acid-dye colorimetry 酸性染料比色法acidimetry 酸量法acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分acidity 酸度activity 活度第十四章色谱法additive 添加剂additivity 加和性adjusted retention time 调整保留时间adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附affinity chromatography 亲和色谱法aliquot （一）份alkalinity 碱度alumina 氧化铝ambient temperature 室温ammonium thiocyanate 硫氰酸铵analytical quality control（AQC）分析质量控制anhydrous substance 干燥品anionic surfactant titration 阴离子表面活性剂滴定法antibiotics-microbial test 抗生素微生物检定法antioxidant 抗氧剂appendix 附录application of sample 点样area normalization method 面积归一化法argentimetry 银量法arsenic 砷arsenic stain 砷斑ascending development 上行展开ash-free filter paper 无灰滤纸（定量滤纸）assay 含量测定assay tolerance 含量限度atmospheric pressure ionization(API) 大气压离子化attenuation 衰减back extraction 反萃取back titration 回滴法bacterial endotoxins test 细菌内毒素检查法band absorption 谱带吸收baseline correction 基线校正baseline drift 基线漂移batch, lot 批batch(lot) number 批号Benttendorff method 白田道夫（检砷）法between day (day to day, inter-day) precision 日间精密度between run (inter-run) precision 批间精密度biotransformation 生物转化bioavailability test 生物利用度试验bioequivalence test 生物等效试验biopharmaceutical analysis 体内药物分析，生物药物分析blank test 空白试验boiling range 沸程British Pharmacopeia (BP) 英国药典bromate titration 溴酸盐滴定法bromimetry 溴量法bromocresol green 溴甲酚绿bromocresol purple 溴甲酚紫bromophenol blue 溴酚蓝bromothymol blue 溴麝香草酚蓝bulk drug, pharmaceutical product 原料药buret 滴定管by-product 副产物calibration curve 校正曲线calomel electrode 甘汞电极calorimetry 量热分析capacity factor 容量因子capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 毛细管区带电泳capillary gas chromatography 毛细管气相色谱法carrier gas 载气cation-exchange resin 阳离子交换树脂ceri(o)metry 铈量法characteristics, description 性状check valve 单向阀chemical shift 化学位移chelate compound 鳌合物chemically bonded phase 化学键合相chemical equivalent 化学当量Chinese Pharmacopeia (ChP) 中国药典Chinese material medicine 中成药Chinese materia medica 中药学Chinese materia medica preparation 中药制剂Chinese Pharmaceutical Association (CPA) 中国药学会chiral 手性的chiral stationary phase (CSP) 手性固定相chiral separation 手性分离chirality 手性chiral carbon atom 手性碳原子chromatogram 色谱图chromatography 色谱法chromatographic column 色谱柱chromatographic condition 色谱条件chromatographic data processor 色谱数据处理机chromatographic work station 色谱工作站clarity 澄清度clathrate, inclusion compound 包合物clearance 清除率clinical pharmacy 临床药学coefficient of distribution 分配系数coefficient of variation 变异系数color change interval （指示剂）变色范围color reaction 显色反应colorimetric analysis 比色分析colorimetry 比色法column capacity 柱容量column dead volume 柱死体积column efficiency 柱效column interstitial volume 柱隙体积column outlet pressure 柱出口压column temperature 柱温column pressure 柱压column volume 柱体积column overload 柱超载column switching 柱切换committee of drug evaluation 药品审评委员会comparative test 比较试验completeness of solution 溶液的澄清度compound medicines 复方药computer-aided pharmaceutical analysis 计算机辅助药物分析concentration-time curve 浓度－时间曲线confidence interval 置信区间confidence level 置信水平confidence limit 置信限congealing point 凝点congo red 刚果红（指示剂）content uniformity 装量差异controlled trial 对照试验correlation coefficient 相关系数contrast test 对照试验counter ion 反离子（平衡离子）cresol red 甲酚红（指示剂）crucible 坩埚crude drug 生药crystal violet 结晶紫（指示剂）cuvette, cell 比色池cyanide 氰化物cyclodextrin 环糊精cylinder, graduate cylinder, measuring cylinder 量筒cylinder-plate assay 管碟测定法daughter ion （质谱）子离子dead space 死体积dead-stop titration 永停滴定法dead time 死时间decolorization 脱色decomposition point 分解点deflection 偏差deflection point 拐点degassing 脱气deionized water 去离子水deliquescence 潮解depressor substances test 降压物质检查法derivative spectrophotometry 导数分光光度法derivatization 衍生化descending development 下行展开desiccant 干燥剂detection 检查detector 检测器developer, developing reagent 展开剂developing chamber 展开室deviation 偏差dextrose 右旋糖，葡萄糖diastereoisomer 非对映异构体diazotization 重氮化2,6-dichlorindophenol titration 2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 差示扫描热量法differential spectrophotometry 差示分光光度法differential thermal analysis (DTA) 差示热分析differentiating solvent 区分性溶剂diffusion 扩散digestion 消化diphastic titration 双相滴定disintegration test 崩解试验dispersion 分散度dissolubility 溶解度dissolution test 溶出度检查distilling range 馏程distribution chromatography 分配色谱distribution coefficient 分配系数dose 剂量drug control institutions 药检机构drug quality control 药品质量控制drug release 药物释放度drug standard 药品标准drying to constant weight 干燥至恒重dual wavelength spectrophotometry 双波长分光光度法duplicate test 重复试验effective constituent 有效成分effective plate number 有效板数efficiency of column 柱效electron capture detector 电子捕获检测器electron impact ionization 电子轰击离子化electrophoresis 电泳electrospray interface 电喷雾接口electromigration injection 电迁移进样elimination 消除eluate 洗脱液elution 洗脱emission spectrochemical analysis 发射光谱分析enantiomer 对映体end absorption 末端吸收end point correction 终点校正endogenous substances 内源性物质enzyme immunoassay(EIA) 酶免疫分析enzyme drug 酶类药物enzyme induction 酶诱导enzyme inhibition 酶抑制eosin sodium 曙红钠（指示剂）epimer 差向异构体equilibrium constant 平衡常数equivalence point 等当点error in volumetric analysis 容量分析误差excitation spectrum 激发光谱exclusion chromatography 排阻色谱法expiration date 失效期external standard method 外标法extract 提取物extraction gravimetry 提取重量法extraction titration 提取容量法extrapolated method 外插法，外推法factor 系数，因数，因子feature 特征Fehling’s reaction 费林反应field disorption ionization 场解吸离子化field ionization 场致离子化filter 过滤，滤光片filtration 过滤fineness of the particles 颗粒细度flame ionization detector(FID) 火焰离子化检测器flame emission spectrum 火焰发射光谱flask 烧瓶flow cell 流通池flow injection analysis 流动注射分析flow rate 流速fluorescamine 荧胺fluorescence immunoassay(FIA) 荧光免疫分析fluorescence polarization immunoassay(FPIA) 荧光偏振免疫分析fluorescent agent 荧光剂fluorescence spectrophotometry 荧光分光光度法fluorescence detection 荧光检测器fluorimetyr 荧光分析法foreign odor 异臭foreign pigment 有色杂质formulary 处方集fraction 馏分freezing test 结冻试验funnel 漏斗fused peaks, overlapped peaks 重叠峰fused silica 熔融石英gas chromatography(GC) 气相色谱法gas-liquid chromatography(GLC) 气液色谱法gas purifier 气体净化器gel filtration chromatography 凝胶过滤色谱法gel permeation chromatography 凝胶渗透色谱法general identification test 一般鉴别试验general notices （药典）凡例general requirements （药典）通则good clinical practices(GCP) 药品临床管理规范good laboratory practices(GLP) 药品实验室管理规范good manufacturing practices(GMP) 药品生产质量管理规范good supply practices(GSP) 药品供应管理规范gradient elution 梯度洗脱grating 光栅gravimetric method 重量法Gutzeit test 古蔡（检砷）法half peak width 半峰宽[halide] disk method, wafer method, pellet method 压片法head-space concentrating injector 顶空浓缩进样器heavy metal 重金属heat conductivity 热导率height equivalent to a theoretical plate 理论塔板高度height of an effective plate 有效塔板高度high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 高效液相色谱法high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) 高效薄层色谱法hydrate 水合物hydrolysis 水解hydrophilicity 亲水性hydrophobicity 疏水性hydroscopic 吸湿的hydroxyl value 羟值hyperchromic effect 浓色效应hypochromic effect 淡色效应identification 鉴别ignition to constant weight 灼烧至恒重immobile phase 固定相immunoassay 免疫测定impurity 杂质inactivation 失活index 索引indicator 指示剂indicator electrode 指示电极inhibitor 抑制剂injecting septum 进样隔膜胶垫injection valve 进样阀instrumental analysis 仪器分析insulin assay 胰岛素生物检定法integrator 积分仪intercept 截距interface 接口interference filter 干涉滤光片intermediate 中间体internal standard substance 内标物质international unit(IU) 国际单位in vitro 体外in vivo 体内iodide 碘化物iodoform reaction 碘仿反应iodometry 碘量法ion-exchange cellulose 离子交换纤维素ion pair chromatography 离子对色谱ion suppression 离子抑制ionic strength 离子强度ion-pairing agent 离子对试剂ionization 电离，离子化ionization region 离子化区irreversible indicator 不可逆指示剂irreversible potential 不可逆电位isoabsorptive point 等吸收点isocratic elution 等溶剂组成洗脱isoelectric point 等电点isoosmotic solution 等渗溶液isotherm 等温线Karl Fischer titration 卡尔·费歇尔滴定kinematic viscosity 运动黏度Kjeldahl method for nitrogen 凯氏定氮法Kober reagent 科伯试剂Kovats retention index 科瓦茨保留指数labelled amount 标示量leading peak 前延峰least square method 最小二乘法leveling effect 均化效应licensed pharmacist 执业药师limit control 限量控制limit of detection(LOD) 检测限limit of quantitation(LOQ) 定量限limit test （杂质）限度（或限量）试验limutus amebocyte lysate(LAL) 鲎试验linearity and range 线性及范围linearity scanning 线性扫描liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer (LC/MS) 液质联用仪litmus paper 石蕊试纸loss on drying 干燥失重low pressure gradient pump 低压梯度泵luminescence 发光lyophilization 冷冻干燥main constituent 主成分make-up gas 尾吹气maltol reaction 麦牙酚试验Marquis test 马奎斯试验mass analyzer detector 质量分析检测器mass spectrometric analysis 质谱分析mass spectrum 质谱图mean deviation 平均偏差measuring flask, volumetric flask 量瓶measuring pipet(te) 刻度吸量管medicinal herb 草药melting point 熔点melting range 熔距metabolite 代谢物metastable ion 亚稳离子methyl orange 甲基橙methyl red 甲基红micellar chromatography 胶束色谱法micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography(MECC, MEKC) 胶束电动毛细管色谱法micelle 胶束microanalysis 微量分析microcrystal 微晶microdialysis 微透析micropacked column 微型填充柱microsome 微粒体microsyringe 微量注射器migration time 迁移时间millipore filtration 微孔过滤minimum fill 最低装量mobile phase 流动相modifier 改性剂，调节剂molecular formula 分子式monitor 检测，监测monochromator 单色器monographs 正文mortar 研钵moving belt interface 传送带接口multidimensional detection 多维检测multiple linear regression 多元线性回归multivariate calibration 多元校正natural product 天然产物Nessler glasses(tube) 奈斯勒比色管Nessler’s r eagent 碱性碘化汞钾试液neutralization 中和nitrogen content 总氮量nonaqueous acid-base titration 非水酸碱滴定nonprescription drug, over the counter drugs (OTC drugs) 非处方药nonproprietary name, generic name 非专有名nonspecific impurity 一般杂质non-volatile matter 不挥发物normal phase 正相normalization 归一化法notice 凡例nujol mull method 石蜡糊法octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica 十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶octylsilane 辛（烷）基硅烷odorless 无臭official name 法定名official specifications 法定标准official test 法定试验on-column detector 柱上检测器on-column injection 柱头进样on-line degasser 在线脱气设备on the dried basis 按干燥品计opalescence 乳浊open tubular column 开管色谱柱optical activity 光学活性optical isomerism 旋光异构optical purity 光学纯度optimization function 优化函数organic volatile impurities 有机挥发性杂质orthogonal function spectrophotometry 正交函数分光光度法orthogonal test 正交试验orthophenanthroline 邻二氮菲outlier 可疑数据，逸出值overtones 倍频峰，泛频峰oxidation-reduction titration 氧化还原滴定oxygen flask combustion 氧瓶燃烧packed column 填充柱packing material 色谱柱填料palladium ion colorimetry 钯离子比色法parallel analysis 平行分析parent ion 母离子particulate matter 不溶性微粒partition coefficient 分配系数parts per million (ppm) 百万分之几pattern recognition 模式识别peak symmetry 峰不对称性peak valley 峰谷peak width at half height 半峰宽percent transmittance 透光百分率pH indicator absorbance ratio method? pH指示剂吸光度比值法pharmaceutical analysis 药物分析pharmacopeia 药典pharmacy 药学phenolphthalein 酚酞photodiode array detector(DAD) 光电二极管阵列检测器photometer 光度计pipeclay triangle 泥三角pipet(te) 吸移管，精密量取planar chromatography 平板色谱法plate storage rack 薄层板贮箱polarimeter 旋光计polarimetry 旋光测定法polarity 极性polyacrylamide gel 聚丙酰胺凝胶polydextran gel 葡聚糖凝胶polystyrene gel 聚苯乙烯凝胶polystyrene film 聚苯乙烯薄膜porous polymer beads 高分子多孔小球post-column derivatization 柱后衍生化potentiometer 电位计potentiometric titration 电位滴定法precipitation form 沉淀形式precision 精密度pre-column derivatization 柱前衍生化preparation 制剂prescription drug 处方药pretreatment 预处理primary standard 基准物质principal component analysis 主成分分析programmed temperature gas chromatography 程序升温气相色谱法prototype drug 原型药物provisions for new drug approval 新药审批办法purification 纯化purity 纯度pyrogen 热原pycnometric method 比重瓶法quality control(QC) 质量控制quality evaluation 质量评价quality standard 质量标准quantitative determination 定量测定quantitative analysis 定量分析quasi-molecular ion 准分子离子racemization 消旋化radioimmunoassay 放射免疫分析法random sampling 随机抽样rational use of drug 合理用药readily carbonizable substance 易炭化物reagent sprayer 试剂喷雾器recovery 回收率reference electrode 参比电极refractive index 折光指数related substance 有关物质relative density 相对密度relative intensity 相对强度repeatability 重复性replicate determination 平行测定reproducibility 重现性residual basic hydrolysis method 剩余碱水解法residual liquid junction potential 残余液接电位residual titration 剩余滴定residue on ignition 炽灼残渣resolution 分辨率，分离度response time 响应时间retention 保留reversed phase chromatography 反相色谱法reverse osmosis 反渗透rider peak 驼峰rinse 清洗，淋洗robustness 可靠性，稳定性routine analysis 常规分析round 修约（数字）ruggedness 耐用性safety 安全性Sakaguchi test 坂口试验salt bridge 盐桥salting out 盐析sample applicator 点样器sample application 点样sample on-line pretreatment 试样在线预处理sampling 取样saponification value 皂化值saturated calomel electrode(SCE) 饱和甘汞电极selectivity 选择性separatory funnel 分液漏斗shoulder peak 肩峰signal to noise ratio 信噪比significant difference 显著性差异significant figure 有效数字significant level 显著性水平significant testing 显著性检验silanophilic interaction 亲硅羟基作用silica gel 硅胶silver chloride electrode 氯化银电极similarity 相似性simultaneous equations method 解线性方程组法size exclusion chromatography(SEC) 空间排阻色谱法sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS 十二烷基硫酸钠sodium hexanesulfonate 己烷磺酸钠sodium taurocholate 牛璜胆酸钠sodium tetraphenylborate 四苯硼钠sodium thiosulphate 硫代硫酸钠solid-phase extraction 固相萃取solubility 溶解度solvent front 溶剂前沿solvophobic interaction 疏溶剂作用specific absorbance 吸收系数specification 规格specificity 专属性specific rotation 比旋度specific weight 比重spiked 加入标准的split injection 分流进样splitless injection 无分流进样spray reagent （平板色谱中的）显色剂spreader 铺板机stability 稳定性standard color solution 标准比色液standard deviation 标准差standardization 标定standard operating procedure(SOP) 标准操作规程standard substance 标准品stationary phase coating 固定相涂布starch indicator 淀粉指示剂statistical error 统计误差sterility test 无菌试验stirring bar 搅拌棒stock solution 储备液stoichiometric point 化学计量点storage 贮藏stray light 杂散光substituent 取代基substrate 底物sulfate 硫酸盐sulphated ash 硫酸盐灰分supercritical fluid chromatography(SFC) 超临界流体色谱法support 载体（担体）suspension 悬浊液swelling degree 膨胀度symmetry factor 对称因子syringe pump 注射泵systematic error 系统误差system model 系统模型system suitability 系统适用性tablet 片剂tailing factor 拖尾因子tailing peak 拖尾峰tailing-suppressing reagent 扫尾剂test of hypothesis 假设检验test solution(TS) 试液tetrazolium colorimetry 四氮唑比色法therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) 治疗药物监测thermal analysis 热分析法thermal conductivity detector 热导检测器thermocouple detector 热电偶检测器thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) 热重分析法thermospray interface 热喷雾接口The United States Pharmacopoeia(USP) 美国药典The Pharmacopoeia of Japan(JP) 日本药局方thin layer chromatography(TLC) 薄层色谱法thiochrome reaction 硫色素反应three-dimensional chromatogram 三维色谱图thymol 百里酚（麝香草酚）（指示剂）thymolphthalein 百里酚酞（麝香草酚酞）（指示剂）thymolsulfonphthalein ( thymol blue) 百里酚蓝（麝香草酚蓝）（指示剂）titer, titre 滴定度time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay 时间分辨荧光免疫法titrant 滴定剂titration error 滴定误差titrimetric analysis 滴定分析法tolerance 容许限toluene distillation method 甲苯蒸馏法toluidine blue 甲苯胺蓝（指示剂）total ash 总灰分total quality control(TQC) 全面质量控制traditional drugs 传统药traditional Chinese medicine 中药transfer pipet 移液管turbidance 混浊turbidimetric assay 浊度测定法turbidimetry 比浊法turbidity 浊度ultracentrifugation 超速离心ultrasonic mixer 超生混合器ultraviolet irradiation 紫外线照射undue toxicity 异常毒性uniform design 均匀设计uniformity of dosage units 含量均匀度uniformity of volume 装量均匀性（装量差异）uniformity of weight 重量均匀性（片重差异）validity 可靠性variance 方差versus …对…，…与…的关系曲线viscosity 粘度volatile oil determination apparatus 挥发油测定器volatilization 挥发法volumetric analysis 容量分析volumetric solution(VS) 滴定液vortex mixer 涡旋混合器watch glass 表面皿wave length 波长wave number 波数weighing bottle 称量瓶weighing form 称量形式weights 砝码well-closed container 密闭容器xylene cyanol blue FF 二甲苯蓝FF（指示剂）xylenol orange 二甲酚橙（指示剂）zigzag scanning 锯齿扫描zone electrophoresis 区带电泳zwitterions 两性离子zymolysis 酶解作用簡體書目錄Chapter 1 Introduction 緒論1.1 The nature of analytical chemistry 分析化學的性質1.2 The role of analytical chemistry 分析化學的作用1.3 The classification of analytical chemistry分析化學的分類1.4 The total analytical process分析全過程Terms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 2 Errors and Data Treatment in Quantitative Analysis 定量分析中的誤差及數據處理2.1 Fundamental terms of errors誤差的基本術語2.2 Types of errors in experimental data實驗數據中的誤差類型2.2.1 Systematic errors 系統誤差2.2.2 Random errors偶然誤差2.3 Evaluation of analytical data分析數據的評價2.3.1 Tests of significance顯著性檢驗2.3.2 Rejecting data可疑值取捨2.4 Significant figures有效數字ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 3 Titrimetric Analysis滴定分析法3.1 General principles基本原理3.1.1 Relevant terms of titrimetric analysis滴定分析相關術語3.1.2 The preparation of standard solution and the expression of concentration 標準溶液的配製與濃度表示方法3.1.3 The types of titrimetric reactions滴定反應類型3.2 Acid-base titration酸鹼滴定3.2.1 Acid-base equilibria 酸鹼平衡3.2.2 Titration curves滴定曲線3.2.3 Acid-base indicators酸鹼指示劑3.2.4 Applications of acid-base titration酸鹼滴定的應用3.3 Complexometric titration配位滴定3.3.1 Metal-chelate complexes金屬螯合物3.3.2 EDTA 乙二胺四乙酸3.3.3 EDTA titration curves EDTA滴定曲線3.3.4 Metal Ion indicators金屬離子指示劑3.3.5 Applications of EDTA titration techniques EDTA滴定方法的應用3.4 Oxidation-reduction titration氧化還原滴定3.4.1 Redox reactions氧化還原反應3.4.2 Rate of redox reactions氧化還原反應的速率3.4.3 Titration curves滴定曲線3.4.4 Redox indicators氧化還原指示劑3.4.5 Applications of redox titrations氧化還原滴定的應用3.5 Precipitation titration沉澱滴定3.5.1 Precipitation reactions沉澱滴定反應3.5.2 Titration curves滴定曲線3.5.3 End-point detection終點檢測ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 4 Potentiometry 電位分析法4.1 Introduction簡介4.1.1 Classes and characteristics分類及性質4.1.2 Definition定義4.2 Types of potentiometric electrodes電極種類4.2.1 Reference electrodes 參比電極4.2.2 Indicator electrodes指示電極4.2.3 Electrode response and selectivity電極響應及選擇性4.3 Potentiometric methods and application電位法及應用4.3.1 Direct potentiometric measurement 直接電位法4.3.2 Potentiometric titrations電位滴定4.3.3 Applications of potentiometry 電位法應用ProblemsTerlns to understand重點內容概述Chapter 5 Chromatography色譜法5.1 An introduction to chromatographic methods色譜法概述5.2 Fundamental theory of gas chromatography氣相色譜基本原理5.2.1 Plate theory塔板理論5.2.2 Kinetic theory(rate theory) 速率理論5.2.3 The resolution Rs as a measure of peak separation 分離度5.3 Gas chromatography 氣相色譜5.3.1 Components of a gas chromatograph 氣相色譜儀的組成5.3.2 Stationary phases for gas-liquid chromatography 氣液色譜固定相5.3.3 Applications of gas-liquid chromatography 氣液色譜的應用5.3.4 Adsorption chromatography 吸附色譜5.4 High performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色譜5.4.1 Instrumentation 儀器組成5.4.2 High-performance partition chromatography 高效分配色譜5.5 Miscellaneous separation methods 其他分離方法5.5.1 High-performance ion-exchange chromatography 高效離子交換色譜5.5.2 Capillary electrophoresis 毛細管電泳5.5.3 Planar chromatography 平板色譜ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 6 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry原子吸收光譜分析法6.1 Introduction 概述6.2 Principles 原理6.2.1 The process of AAS，resonance line and absorption line 原子吸收光譜法的過程，共振線及吸收線6.2.2 The number of ground atom and the temperature of flame 基態原子數與光焰溫度6.2.3 Quantitative analysis of AAS原子吸收光譜定量分析6.3 Instrumentation 儀器6.3.1 Primary radiation sources 光源6.3.2 Atomizer 原子儀器6.3.3 Optical dispersive systems 分光系統6.3.4 Detectors 檢測器6.3.5 Signal measurements 信號測量6.4 Quantitative measurements and interferences 定量測定及干擾6.4.1 Quantitative measurements 定量測定6.4.2 Interferences 干擾6.4.3 Sensitivity6.5 Applications of AAS原子吸收光譜法的應用ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 7 Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometry 紫外-可見分光光度法7.1 Introduction簡介7.2 Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy 紫外-可見吸收光譜7.2.1 Introduction for radiant energy 輻射能簡介7.2.2 Selective absorption of radiation and absorbance spectrum 物質對光的選擇性吸收和吸收光譜7.2.3 Absorbing species and electron transition 吸收物質與電子躍遷7.3 Law of absorption吸收定律7.3.1 Lambert-Beer's law朗伯-比爾定律7.3.2 Absorptivity吸光係數7.3.3 Apparent deviations from Beer's law對比爾定律的明顯偏離7.4 Instruments儀器7.5 General types of spectrophotometer分光光度計種類7.6 Application of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy 紫外-可見吸收光譜的應用7.6.1 Application of absorption measurement to qualitative analysis 光吸收測定在定性分析上的應用7.6.2 Quantitative analysis by absorption measurements 光吸收測量定量分析法7.6.3 Derivative spectrophotometry 導數分光光度法ProblemsTerms to understand重點內容概述Chapter 8 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy紅外吸收光譜8.1 Theory of infrared absorption紅外吸收基本原理8.1.1 Dipole changes during vibrations and rotations 振轉運動中的偶極距變化8.1.2 Mechanical model of stretching vibrations 伸縮振動機械模型8.1.3 Quantum treatment of vibrations 振動的量子力學處理、8.1.4 Types of molecular vibrations分子振動形式8.2 Infrared instrument components紅外儀器組成8.2.1 Wavelength selection波長選擇8.2.2 Sampling techniques 採樣技術8.2.3 Infrared spectrophotometers for qualitative analysis 定性分析用紅外分光光度計8.2.4 Other techniques其他技術8.3 The group frequencies of functional groups in organic compounds 有機化合物官能團的特徵頻率8.4 The factors affecting group frequencies 影響基團特徵吸收頻率的因素8.4.1 Adjacent groups 鄰近基團的影響。
材料分析方法缩写
List of materials analysis methods~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- A -Analytical ultracentrifugation - Analytical ultracentrifugationAAS - Atomic absorption spectroscopyAED - Auger electron diffractionAES - Auger electron spectroscopyAFM - Atomic force microscopeAFS - Atomic Fluorescence SpectroscopyAPFIM - Atom probe field ion microscopyAPS - Appearance potential spectroscopyA TR - Attenuated total reflectanceAXRS - Anomalous X-ray scattering- B -BET - BET surface area measurement (BET from Brunauer, Emmett, Teller) BKD - Backscatter Kikuchi diffraction, see EBSDBiFC - Bimolecular fluorescence complementationBRET - Bioluminescence resonance energy transferBSED - Back scattered electron diffraction, see EBSD- C -CAICISS - Coaxial impact collision ion scattering spectroscopyCARS - Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopyCBED - Convergent beam electron diffractionCET - Cryo-electron tomographyCCM - Charge collection microscopyCL - CathodoluminescenceCLSM - Confocal laser scanning microscopyCDI - Coherent diffraction imagingCOSY - Correlation spectroscopyCryo-EM - Cryo-electron microscopyCV - Cyclic voltammetry- D -DE(T)A - Dielectric thermal analysisdHvA - De Haas-van Alphen effectDielectric spectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopyDIC - Differential interference contrast microscopyDLS - Dynamic light scatteringDLTS - Deep-level transient spectroscopyDMA - Dynamic mechanical analysisDSC - Differential scanning calorimetryDVS - Dynamic vapour sorption- E -EBIC - Electron beam induced currentEBSD - Electron backscatter diffractionECOSY - Exclusive correlation spectroscopyECT - Electrical capacitance tomographyEDAX - Energy-dispersive analysis of x-raysEDNMR - Electrically detected magnetic resonance, see ESR or EPREDS - Energy dispersive spectroscopyEDX - Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopyEELS - Electron energy loss spectroscopyEFTEM - Energy filtered transmission electron microscopyEID - Electron induced desorptionEIT and ERT - Electrical impedance tomography and Electrical resistivity tomographyEL - ElectroluminescenceElectron crystallography - Electron crystallographyELS - Electrophoretic light scatteringENDOR - Electron nuclear double resonance, see ESR or EPREPMA - Electron probe microanalysisESEM - Environmental scanning electron microscopyESCA - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis* see XPSESI-MS or ES-MS - Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry or Electrospray mass spectrometryESTM - Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopeEPR - Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopyESD - Electron stimulated desorptionESR - Electron spin resonance spectroscopyEXAFS - Extended X-ray absorption fine structureEXSY - Exchange spectroscopy- F -FCS - Fluorescence correlation spectroscopyFCCS - Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopyFEM - Field emission microscopyFIB - Focused ion beam microscopyFIM-AP - Field ion microscopy–atom probeFlow birefringence - Flow birefringenceFluorescence anisotropy - Fluorescence anisotropyFLIM - Fluorescence lifetime imagingFluorescence microscopy - Fluorescence microscopyFRET - Fluorescence resonance energy transferFTICR or FT-MS - Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance or Fourier transform mass spectrom etryFTIR - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy- G -GC-MS - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometryGDMS - Glow discharge mass spectrometryGDOS - Glow discharge optical spectroscopyGISAXS - Grazing incidence small angle X-ray scatteringGIXD - Grazing incidence X-ray diffractionGIXR - Grazing incidence X-ray reflectivityGLC - Gas-liquid chromatography- H -HAADF - high angle annular dark-field imagingHAS - Helium atom scatteringHPLC - High performance liquid chromatographyHREELS - High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopyHREM - High-resolution electron microscopyHRTEM - High-resolution transmission electron microscopy- I -IAES - Ion induced Auger electron spectroscopyIBIC - Ion beam induced charge microscopyICP-MS - Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometryImmunofluorescence - ImmunofluorescenceICR - Ion cyclotron resonanceIETS - Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopyIGA - Intelligent gravimetric analysisIIX - Ion induced X-ray analysisINS - Ion neutralization spectroscopyInelastic neutron scatteringIRS - Infrared spectroscopyISS - Ion scattering spectroscopyITC - Isothermal titration calorimetryIVEM - Intermediate voltage electron microscopy- L -LALLS - Low-angle laser light scatteringLC-MS - Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometryLEED - Low-energy electron diffractionLEEM - Low-energy electron microscopyLEIS - Low-energy ion scatteringLIBS - Laser induced breakdown spectroscopyLOES - Laser optical emission spectroscopy- M -MALDI - Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizationMFM - Magnetic force microscopyMIT - Magnetic induction tomographyMRFM - Magnetic resonance force microscopyMRI - Magnetic resonance imagingMS - Mass spectrometryMS/MS - Tandem mass spectrometryMEIS - Medium energy ion scatteringMössbauer spectroscopy - Mössbauer spectroscopyMTA - Microthermal analysis- N -Nanovid microscopy - Nanovid microscopyND - Neutron diffractionNDP - Neutron depth profilingNAA - Neutron activation analysisNEXAFS - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structureNMR - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyNOESY - Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopyNSOM - Near-field optical microscopeNIS - Nuclear Inelastic Scattering/Absorption- O -OBIC - Optical Beam Induced CurrentODNMR - Optically detected magnetic resonance, see ESR or EPROES - Optical emission spectroscopyOsmometry - Osmometry- P -PAS - Positron annihilation spectroscopyPA T or PACT - Photoacoustic tomography or photoacoustic computed tomography PAX - Photoemission of adsorbed xenonPC or PCS - Photocurrent spectroscopyPD - PhotodesorptionPDEIS - Potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopyPED - Photoelectron diffractionPEELS - parallel electron energy-loss spectroscopyPES - Photoelectron SpectroscopyPL - PhotoluminescencePorosimetry - PorosimetryPhase contrast microscopy - Phase contrast microscopyPIXE - Particle (or proton) induced X-ray spectroscopyPowder diffraction - Powder diffractionPTMS - Photothermal microspectroscopy- Q -QENS - Quasi-elastic neutron scattering- R -Raman - Raman spectroscopyRAXRS - Resonant anomalous X-ray scatteringRBS - Rutherford backscattering spectroscopyREM - Reflection electron microscopyRHEED - Reflection high energy electron diffractionRR spectroscopy - Resonance Raman spectroscopy- S -SAED - Selected area electron diffractionSAD - Selected area diffractionSAM - Scanning Auger microscopySANS - Small angle neutron scatteringSAXS - Small angle X-ray scatteringSCANIIR - Surface composition by analysis of neutral species and ion-impact radiation SCEM - Scanning confocal electron microscopySE - Spectroscopic ellipsometrySEC - Size exclusion chromatographySEIRA - Surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopySEM - Scanning electron microscopySERS - Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopySEXAFS - Surface extended X-ray absorption fine structureSICM - Scanning ion-conductance microscopySIMS - Secondary ion mass spectrometrySNMS - Sputtered neutral species mass spectroscopySNOM - Scanning near-field optical microscopySPECT - Single photon emission computed tomographySPM - Scanning probe microscopySRM-CE/MS - Selected-reaction-monitoring capillary-electrophoresis mass-spectrometry SSNMR - Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonanceStark spectroscopy - Stark spectroscopySTEM - Scanning transmission electron microscopySTM - Scanning tunneling microscopySTS - Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy- T -TEM - Transmission electron microscopyTA T or TACT - Thermoacoustic tomography or thermoacoustic computed tomography (see also p hotoacoustic tomography - PA T)TEM - transmission electron microscope/microscopyTGA - Thermogravimetric analysisTIRFM - Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopyTMA - Thermomechanical analysisTOF-MS - Time-of-flight mass spectrometryTXRF - Total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysisTwo-photon excitation microscopy - Two-photon excitation microscopy- U -Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy - Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopyUltrasonic testing - Ultrasonic testingUPS - UV-photoelectron spectroscopy- V -VEDIC - V ideo-enhanced differential interference contrast microscopyV oltammetry - V oltammetry- W -WAXS - Wide angle X-ray scatteringWDX or WDS - Wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy- X -XAES - X-ray induced Auger electron spectroscopyXANES - XANES, synonymous with NEXAFS (Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure) XAS - X-ray absorption spectroscopyX-CTR - X-ray crystal truncation rod scatteringX-ray crystallography - X-ray crystallographyXDS - X-ray diffuse scatteringXPEEM - X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy XPS - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopyXR - X-ray reflectivityXRD - X-ray diffractionXRF - X-ray fluorescence analysisXSW - X-ray standing wave technique。
药物分析英文词汇
药物分析英文词汇adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附affinity chromatography 亲和色谱法aliquot (一)份alkalinity 碱度alumina 氧化铝ambient temperature 室温ammonium thiocyanate 硫氰酸铵药物分析英语词汇analytical quality control(AQC)分析质量控制Abbe refractometer 阿贝折射仪anhydrous substance 干燥品 absorbance 吸收度anionic surfactant titration 阴离子表面活性剂滴定法absorbance ratio 吸收度比值absorption 吸收antibiotics-microbial test 抗生素微生物检定法absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption spectrum 吸收光谱 antioxidant 抗氧剂 absorptivity 吸收系数 appendix 附录 accuracy 准确度 application of sample 点样 acid-dye colorimetry 酸性染料比色法area normalization method 面积归一化法acidimetry 酸量法 argentimetry 银量法 acid-insoluble ash 酸不溶性灰分 arsenic 砷 acidity 酸度 arsenic stain 砷斑 activity 活度 ascending development 上行展开additive 添加剂ash-free filter paper 无灰滤纸(定量滤纸)additivity 加和性adjusted retention time 调整保留时间assay 含量测定assay tolerance 含量限度 bromate titration 溴酸盐滴定法atmospheric pressure ionization(API) 大气压离子化bromimetry 溴量法bromocresol green 溴甲酚绿 attenuation 衰减bromocresol purple 溴甲酚紫 back extraction 反萃取bromophenol blue 溴酚蓝 back titration 回滴法bromothymol blue 溴麝香草酚蓝 bacterial endotoxins test 细菌内毒素检查法bulk drug, pharmaceutical product 原料药band absorption 谱带吸收buret 滴定管 baseline correction 基线校正by-product 副产物 baseline drift 基线漂移calibration curve 校正曲线 batch, lot 批calomel electrode 甘汞电极 batch(lot) number 批号calorimetry 量热分析 Benttendorff method 白田道夫(检砷)法capacity factor 容量因子capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 毛细管区带电泳between day (day to day, inter-day) precision 日间精密度capillary gas chromatography 毛细管气相色谱法between run (inter-run) precision 批间精密度carrier gas 载气 biotransformation 生物转化cation-exchange resin 阳离子交换树脂bioavailability test 生物利用度试验ceri(o)metry 铈量法 bioequivalence test 生物等效试验characteristics, description 性状 biopharmaceutical analysis 体内药物分析，生物药物分析check valve 单向阀chemical shift 化学位移 blank test 空白试验chelate compound 鳌合物 boiling range 沸程chemically bonded phase 化学键合相British Pharmacopeia (BP) 英国药典chemical equivalent 化学当量 coefficient of distribution 分配系数Chinese Pharmacopeia (ChP) 中国药典coefficient of variation 变异系数color change interval (指示剂)变色范围Chinese material medicine 中成药Chinese materia medica 中药学 color reaction 显色反应 Chinese materia medica preparation 中药制剂colorimetric analysis 比色分析colorimetry 比色法 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association (CPA) 中国药学会column capacity 柱容量column dead volume 柱死体积 chiral 手性的column efficiency 柱效 chiral stationary phase (CSP) 手性固定相column interstitial volume 柱隙体积chiral separation 手性分离column outlet pressure 柱出口压 chirality 手性column temperature 柱温 chiral carbon atom 手性碳原子column pressure 柱压 chromatogram 色谱图column volume 柱体积 chromatography 色谱法column overload 柱超载 chromatographic column 色谱柱column switching 柱切换 chromatographic condition 色谱条件committee of drug evaluation 药品审评委员会chromatographic data processor 色谱数据处理机comparative test 比较试验 chromatographic work station 色谱工作站completeness of solution 溶液的澄清度clarity 澄清度compound medicines 复方药 clathrate, inclusion compound 包合物computer-aided pharmaceutical analysis 计算机辅助药物分析 clearance 清除率concentration-time curve 浓度,时间曲线clinical pharmacy 临床药学confidence interval 置信区间 deflection point 拐点confidence level 置信水平 degassing 脱气 confidence limit 置信限deionized water 去离子水 congealing point 凝点 deliquescence 潮解 congo red 刚果红(指示剂) depressor substances test 降压物质检查法content uniformity 装量差异derivative spectrophotometry 导数分光光度法controlled trial 对照试验correlation coefficient 相关系数 derivatization 衍生化 contrast test 对照试验 descending development 下行展开counter ion 反离子(平衡离子)desiccant 干燥剂 cresol red 甲酚红(指示剂)detection 检查 crucible 坩埚detector 检测器crude drug 生药developer, developing reagent 展开剂crystal violet 结晶紫(指示剂) cuvette, cell 比色池 developing chamber 展开室 cyanide 氰化物deviation 偏差 cyclodextrin 环糊精 dextrose 右旋糖，葡萄糖 cylinder, graduate cylinder, measuring cylinder 量筒diastereoisomer 非对映异构体diazotization 重氮化 cylinder-plate assay 管碟测定法2,6-dichlorindophenol titration 2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法daughter ion (质谱)子离子dead space 死体积 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 差示扫描热量法dead-stop titration 永停滴定法differential spectrophotometry 差示分光光度法dead time 死时间decolorization 脱色 differential thermal analysis (DTA) 差示热分析decomposition point 分解点differentiating solvent 区分性溶剂 deflection 偏差diffusion 扩散 electrophoresis 电泳digestion 消化 electrospray interface 电喷雾接口diphastic titration 双相滴定electromigration injection 电迁移进样disintegration test 崩解试验dispersion 分散度 elimination 消除 dissolubility 溶解度 eluate 洗脱液 dissolution test 溶出度检查 elution 洗脱 distilling range 馏程emission spectrochemical analysis 发射光谱分析distribution chromatography 分配色谱enantiomer 对映体 distribution coefficient 分配系数 end absorption 末端吸收 dose 剂量 end point correction 终点校正 drug control institutions 药检机构 endogenous substances 内源性物质drug quality control 药品质量控制enzyme immunoassay(EIA) 酶免疫分析drug release 药物释放度drug standard 药品标准 enzyme drug 酶类药物 drying to constant weight 干燥至恒重enzyme induction 酶诱导enzyme inhibition 酶抑制 dual wavelength spectrophotometry 双波长分光光度法eosin sodium 曙红钠(指示剂) duplicate test 重复试验 epimer 差向异构体 effective constituent 有效成分 equilibrium constant 平衡常数effective plate number 有效板数 equivalence point 等当点 efficiency of column 柱效 error in volumetric analysis 容量分析误差electron capture detector 电子捕获检测器excitation spectrum 激发光谱 electron impact ionization 电子轰击离子化exclusion chromatography 排阻色谱法expiration date 失效期 fluorescence polarization immunoassay(FPIA) external standard method 外标法荧光偏振免疫分析 extract 提取物fluorescent agent 荧光剂 extraction gravimetry 提取重量法fluorescence spectrophotometry 荧光分光光度法extraction titration 提取容量法extrapolated method 外插法，外推法fluorescence detection 荧光检测器factor 系数，因数，因子 fluorimetyr 荧光分析法 feature 特征 foreign odor 异臭Fehling’s reaction 费林反应 foreign pigment 有色杂质 field disorption ionization 场解吸离子化formulary 处方集fraction 馏分 field ionization 场致离子化freezing test 结冻试验filter 过滤，滤光片funnel 漏斗 filtration 过滤fused peaks, overlapped peaks 重叠峰fineness of the particles 颗粒细度fused silica 熔融石英 flame ionization detector(FID) 火焰离子化检测器gas chromatography(GC) 气相色谱法flame emission spectrum 火焰发射光谱gas-liquid chromatography(GLC) 气液色谱法flask 烧瓶gas purifier 气体净化器 flow cell 流通池gel filtration chromatography 凝胶过滤色谱法flow injection analysis 流动注射分析gel permeation chromatography 凝胶渗透色谱法flow rate 流速fluorescamine 荧胺 general identification test 一般鉴别试验fluorescence immunoassay(FIA) 荧光免疫分析general notices (药典)凡例general requirements (药典)通则 hydrophilicity 亲水性hydrophobicity 疏水性 good clinical practices(GCP) 药品临床管理规范hydroscopic 吸湿的hydroxyl value 羟值 good laboratory practices(GLP) 药品实验室管理规范hyperchromic effect 浓色效应 good manufacturing practices(GMP) 药品生产质量管理hypochromic effect 淡色效应规范identification 鉴别 good supply practices(GSP) 药品供应管理规范ignition to constant weight 灼烧至恒重gradient elution 梯度洗脱immobile phase 固定相 grating 光栅immunoassay 免疫测定 gravimetric method 重量法impurity 杂质 Gutzeit test 古蔡(检砷)法inactivation 失活 half peak width 半峰宽index 索引 [halide] disk method, wafer method, pellet method 压片法indicator 指示剂 head-space concentrating injector 顶空浓缩进样器indicator electrode 指示电极inhibitor 抑制剂 heavy metal 重金属injecting septum 进样隔膜胶垫 heat conductivity 热导率injection valve 进样阀 height equivalent to a theoretical plate 理论塔板高度instrumental analysis 仪器分析 height of an effective plate 有效塔板高度insulin assay 胰岛素生物检定法integrator 积分仪 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 高效液相色谱法 intercept 截距 high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) interface 接口高效薄层色谱法interference filter 干涉滤光片 hydrate 水合物intermediate 中间体 hydrolysis 水解internal standard substance 内标物质Kjeldahl method for nitrogen 凯氏定氮法international unit(IU) 国际单位 Kober reagent 科伯试剂 in vitro 体外Kovats retention index 科瓦茨保留指数in vivo 体内labelled amount 标示量 iodide 碘化物leading peak 前延峰 iodoform reaction 碘仿反应least square method 最小二乘法 iodometry 碘量法leveling effect 均化效应 ion-exchange cellulose 离子交换纤维素licensed pharmacist 执业药师 ion pair chromatography 离子对色谱limit control 限量控制limit of detection(LOD) 检测限 ion suppression 离子抑制limit of quantitation(LOQ) 定量限ionic strength 离子强度limit test (杂质)限度(或限量)试验ion-pairing agent 离子对试剂ionization 电离，离子化 limutus amebocyte lysate(LAL) 鲎试验ionization region 离子化区linearity and range 线性及范围 irreversible indicator 不可逆指示剂linearity scanning 线性扫描 irreversible potential 不可逆电位liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer (LC/MS) 液质联用仪isoabsorptive point 等吸收点litmus paper 石蕊试纸 isocratic elution 等溶剂组成洗脱loss on drying 干燥失重 isoelectric point 等电点low pressure gradient pump 低压梯度泵isoosmotic solution 等渗溶液isotherm 等温线 luminescence 发光 Karl Fischer titration 卡尔?费歇尔滴定lyophilization 冷冻干燥main constituent 主成分 kinematic viscosity 运动黏度make-up gas 尾吹气maltol reaction 麦牙酚试验 microsyringe 微量注射器Marquis test 马奎斯试验 migration time 迁移时间 mass analyzer detector 质量分析检测器millipore filtration 微孔过滤minimum fill 最低装量 mass spectrometric analysis 质谱分析mobile phase 流动相modifier 改性剂，调节剂 mass spectrum 质谱图molecular formula 分子式 mean deviation 平均偏差monitor 检测，监测 measuring flask, volumetric flask 量瓶monochromator 单色器 measuring pipet(te) 刻度吸量管monographs 正文 medicinal herb 草药mortar 研钵 melting point 熔点moving belt interface 传送带接口melting range 熔距multidimensional detection 多维检测metabolite 代谢物multiple linear regression 多元线性回归metastable ion 亚稳离子methyl orange 甲基橙multivariate calibration 多元校正 methyl red 甲基红natural product 天然产物 micellar chromatography 胶束色谱法Nessler glasses(tube) 奈斯勒比色管micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography(MECC, Nessler’s reagent 碱性碘化汞钾试液MEKC) 胶束电动毛细管色谱法micelle 胶束neutralization 中和 microanalysis 微量分析nitrogen content 总氮量 microcrystal 微晶nonaqueous acid-base titration 非水酸碱滴定microdialysis 微透析micropacked column 微型填充柱 nonprescription drug, over the counter drugs (OTC drugs)非处方药 microsome 微粒体nonproprietary name, generic name 非专有名nonspecific impurity 一般杂质 orthogonal test 正交试验non-volatile matter 不挥发物 orthophenanthroline 邻二氮菲 normal phase 正相 outlier 可疑数据，逸出值 normalization 归一化法 overtones 倍频峰，泛频峰 notice 凡例 oxidation-reduction titration 氧化还原滴定nujol mull method 石蜡糊法oxygen flask combustion 氧瓶燃烧octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica 十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶packed column 填充柱 octylsilane 辛(烷)基硅烷packing material 色谱柱填料 odorless 无臭palladium ion colorimetry 钯离子比色法official name 法定名official specifications 法定标准 parallel analysis 平行分析 official test 法定试验 parent ion 母离子on-column detector 柱上检测器 particulate matter 不溶性微粒 on-column injection 柱头进样 partition coefficient 分配系数 on-line degasser 在线脱气设备 parts per million (ppm) 百万分之几on the dried basis 按干燥品计pattern recognition 模式识别 opalescence 乳浊peak symmetry 峰不对称性 open tubular column 开管色谱柱peak valley 峰谷 optical activity 光学活性peak width at half height 半峰宽 optical isomerism 旋光异构percent transmittance 透光百分率optical purity 光学纯度optimization function 优化函数 pH indicator absorbance ratio method pH指示剂吸光度比值法organic volatile impurities 有机挥发性杂质pharmaceutical analysis 药物分析orthogonal function spectrophotometry 正交函数分光光度法 pharmacopeia 药典pharmacy 药学 prescription drug 处方药phenolphthalein 酚酞 pretreatment 预处理 photodiode arraydetector(DAD) 光电二极管阵列检测器primary standard 基准物质principal component analysis 主成分分析photometer 光度计pipeclay triangle 泥三角programmed temperature gas chromatography 程序升温气相色谱法 pipet(te) 吸移管，精密量取prototype drug 原型药物 planar chromatography 平板色谱法provisions for new drug approval 新药审批办法plate storage rack 薄层板贮箱purification 纯化 polarimeter 旋光计purity 纯度 polarimetry 旋光测定法pyrogen 热原 polarity 极性pycnometric method 比重瓶法polyacrylamide gel 聚丙酰胺凝胶quality control(QC) 质量控制 polydextran gel 葡聚糖凝胶quality evaluation 质量评价 polystyrene gel 聚苯乙烯凝胶quality standard 质量标准 polystyrene film 聚苯乙烯薄膜quantitative determination 定量测定porous polymer beads 高分子多孔小球quantitative analysis 定量分析 post-column derivatization 柱后衍生化quasi-molecular ion 准分子离子 potentiometer 电位计 racemization 消旋化 potentiometric titration 电位滴定法radioimmunoassay 放射免疫分析法precipitation form 沉淀形式 random sampling 随机抽样 precision 精密度rational use of drug 合理用药 pre-column derivatization 柱前衍生化readily carbonizable substance 易炭化物preparation 制剂 reagent sprayer 试剂喷雾器recovery 回收率 safety 安全性reference electrode 参比电极 Sakaguchi test 坂口试验 refractive index 折光指数 salt bridge 盐桥 related substance 有关物质 salting out 盐析 relative density 相对密度 sample applicator 点样器 relative intensity 相对强度 sample application 点样 repeatability 重复性 sample on-line pretreatment 试样在线预处理replicate determination 平行测定sampling 取样 reproducibility 重现性saponification value 皂化值 residual basic hydrolysis method 剩余碱水解法saturated calomel electrode(SCE) 饱和甘汞电极residual liquid junction potential 残余液接电位selectivity 选择性 residual titration 剩余滴定 separatory funnel 分液漏斗 residue on ignition 炽灼残渣 shoulder peak 肩峰 resolution 分辨率，分离度signal to noise ratio 信噪比 response time 响应时间significant difference 显著性差异 retention 保留 significant figure 有效数字 reversed phase chromatography 反相色谱法significant level 显著性水平significant testing 显著性检验 reverse osmosis 反渗透silanophilic interaction 亲硅羟基作用rider peak 驼峰rinse 清洗，淋洗 silica gel 硅胶 robustness 可靠性，稳定性 silver chloride electrode 氯化银电极routine analysis 常规分析similarity 相似性 round 修约(数字)simultaneous equations method 解线性方程组法ruggedness 耐用性size exclusion chromatography(SEC) 空间排阻色谱法 standard deviation 标准差standardization 标定 sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS 十二烷基硫酸钠standard operating procedure(SOP) 标准操作规程sodium hexanesulfonate 己烷磺酸钠standard substance 标准品stationary phase coating 固定相涂布sodium taurocholate 牛璜胆酸钠sodium tetraphenylborate 四苯硼钠starch indicator 淀粉指示剂statistical error 统计误差 sodium thiosulphate 硫代硫酸钠sterility test 无菌试验 solid-phase extraction 固相萃取stirring bar 搅拌棒 solubility 溶解度stock solution 储备液 solvent front 溶剂前沿stoichiometric point 化学计量点 solvophobic interaction 疏溶剂作用storage 贮藏 specific absorbance 吸收系数stray light 杂散光 specification 规格substituent 取代基 specificity 专属性substrate 底物 specific rotation 比旋度sulfate 硫酸盐 specific weight 比重sulphated ash 硫酸盐灰分 spiked 加入标准的supercritical fluid chromatography(SFC) 超临界流体色谱法 split injection 分流进样support 载体(担体) splitless injection 无分流进样suspension 悬浊液 spray reagent (平板色谱中的)显色剂swelling degree 膨胀度 spreader 铺板机symmetry factor 对称因子 stability 稳定性syringe pump 注射泵 standard color solution 标准比色液systematic error 系统误差system model 系统模型 thymol 百里酚(麝香草酚)(指示剂)system suitability 系统适用性thymolphthalein 百里酚酞(麝香草酚酞)(指示剂)tablet 片剂tailing factor 拖尾因子 thymolsulfonphthalein ( thymol blue) 百里酚蓝(麝香草酚蓝)(指示剂) tailing peak 拖尾峰titer, titre 滴定度 tailing-suppressing reagent 扫尾剂time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay 时间分辨荧光免疫法test of hypothesis 假设检验titrant 滴定剂 test solution(TS) 试液titration error 滴定误差 tetrazolium colorimetry 四氮唑比色法titrimetric analysis 滴定分析法 therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) 治疗药物监测tolerance 容许限toluene distillation method 甲苯蒸馏法thermal analysis 热分析法thermal conductivity detector 热导检测器toluidine blue 甲苯胺蓝(指示剂)thermocouple detector 热电偶检测器total ash 总灰分total quality control(TQC) 全面质量控制thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) 热重分析法traditional drugs 传统药 thermospray interface 热喷雾接口traditional Chinese medicine 中药The United States Pharmacopoeia(USP) 美国药典transfer pipet 移液管 The Pharmacopoeia of Japan(JP) 日本药局方turbidance 混浊turbidimetric assay 浊度测定法 thin layer chromatography(TLC) 薄层色谱法turbidimetry 比浊法turbidity 浊度 thiochrome reaction 硫色素反应ultracentrifugation 超速离心 three-dimensional chromatogram 三维色谱图ultrasonic mixer 超生混合器ultraviolet irradiation 紫外线照射 xylenol orange 二甲酚橙(指示剂) undue toxicity 异常毒性zigzag scanning 锯齿扫描 uniform design 均匀设计zone electrophoresis 区带电泳 uniformity of dosage units 含量均匀度zwitterions 两性离子 uniformity of volume 装量均匀性(装量差异)zymolysis 酶解作用uniformity of weight 重量均匀性(片重差异)validity 可靠性variance 方差versus …对…，…与…的关系曲线viscosity 粘度volatile oil determination apparatus 挥发油测定器volatilization 挥发法volumetric analysis 容量分析volumetric solution(VS) 滴定液vortex mixer 涡旋混合器watch glass 表面皿wave length 波长wave number 波数weighing bottle 称量瓶weighing form 称量形式weights 砝码well-closed container 密闭容器xylene cyanol blue FF 二甲苯蓝FF(指示剂)。
柱前紫外衍生—高效液相色谱法测定川贝母生物碱贝母素甲的含量
川 贝 母 ，主 要 是 指 川 贝 母 （{>，+/!7/〇/"々1^«'/7_/70sae ( CB _ Fc) ，暗 紫 贝 母 （ Fritillariae unibracteata (CB-Fun ) ) ^Tl !I1 ( Fritillariae przewalskii ( CB FP ))植 物 的 十 燥 球 茎 ，是 四 川 省 地 理 特 色 的 原 料药材之一m 。其干燥鱗茎具有化痰止咳、清热 润 肺 、散 结 消 痈 的 功 能 ，主 治 干 咳 少 痰 、咯痰带 血 、阴 虚 劳 咳 等 症 ，广 泛 用 于 中 药 方 剂 及 中 成 药 中:2:。生于海拔3 0 0 0 〜4 000 m山坡草丛或阴湿 的小灌木丛中3 。生物碱是川贝母的特征性成 分 4 ，其 甾 体 生 物 碱 是 川 贝 母 的 主 要 活 性 成
2.50
范围内线性关系良好，经 线 性 回 归 ，得
回归方程为y = 2E+ 06x+ 3E+ 06,相关系数为R2 =
0.9993。
3 . 3 . 3 精 密 度 试 验 将 川 贝 母 提 取 液 按 照 2.2.4
的衍生条件进行衍生，按 照 2 . 1 的色谱条件连续
进 样 6 次 ，记录峰面积， RSD = 2.4%。
3 . 3 . 4 重 复 性 试 验 按 照 2.2.2的操作步骤制备
6 份提取液，按 照 2.2.4的 衍 生 条 件 进 行 衍 生 ，按
照 2.1 的色谱 条 件 分 别 进 样 ，记 录 峰 面 积 ， RSD =
2_7%0
3.3.5稳定性试验将川贝母中的贝母素甲衍生
后 ，分 别 于 〇、2 、4 、8 、16、24 h进 行 测 定 ，记录峰面
卡梅伦液压数据手册（第 20 版）说明书
iv
⌂
CONTENTS OF SECTION 1
☰ Hydraulics
⌂ Cameron Hydraulic Data ☰
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................................ 1-3 Liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................... .......................... 1-3
4
Viscosity etc.
Steam data....................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1 Liquid Flow.............................................................................. 1-4
Viscosity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................... .......................... 1-5 Pumping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................... .......................... 1-6 Volume-System Head Calculations-Suction Head. ........................... 1-6, 1-7 Suction Lift-Total Discharge Head-Velocity Head............................. 1-7, 1-8 Total Sys. Head-Pump Head-Pressure-Spec. Gravity. ...................... 1-9, 1-10 Net Positive Suction Head. .......................................................... 1-11 NPSH-Suction Head-Life; Examples:....................... ............... 1-11 to 1-16 NPSH-Hydrocarbon Corrections.................................................... 1-16 NPSH-Reciprocating Pumps. ....................................................... 1-17 Acceleration Head-Reciprocating Pumps. ........................................ 1-18 Entrance Losses-Specific Speed. .................................................. 1-19 Specific Speed-Impeller. .................................... ........................ 1-19 Specific Speed-Suction...................................... ................. 1-20, 1-21 Submergence.. . . . . . . . . ....................................... ................. 1-21, 1-22 Intake Design-Vertical Wet Pit Pumps....................................... 1-22, 1-27 Work Performed in Pumping. ............................... ........................ 1-27 Temperature Rise. . . . . . . ...................................... ........................ 1-28 Characteristic Curves. . ...................................... ........................ 1-29 Affinity Laws-Stepping Curves. ..................................................... 1-30 System Curves.. . . . . . . . ....................................... ........................ 1-31 Parallel and Series Operation. .............................. ................. 1-32, 1-33 Water Hammer. . . . . . . . . . ...................................... ........................ 1-34 Reciprocating Pumps-Performance. ............................................... 1-35 Recip. Pumps-Pulsation Analysis & System Piping...................... 1-36 to 1-45 Pump Drivers-Speed Torque Curves. ....................................... 1-45, 1-46 Engine Drivers-Impeller Profiles. ................................................... 1-47 Hydraulic Institute Charts.................................... ............... 1-48 to 1-52 Bibliography.. . . . . . . . . . . . ...................................... ........................ 1-53
分析化学中英词汇对照表
Monoacid 一元酸Analytical chemistry 分析化学Analytical concentration 分析浓度Spectrophotometry 分光光度法Spectrophotometer 分光光度计Chemical analysis 化学分析Instrumental analysis 仪器分析Determination 测定Methyl orange 甲基橙Significant figure 有效数字Absorption 吸附Absorption photometry 吸光光度法Qualitative analysis 定性分析Quantitative analysis 定量分析Color reaction 显色剂Volumetric analysis 容量分析Gravimetry 重量分析Reduction-oxidation reaction 氧化-还原反应Redox titration 氧化-还原滴定Indication 指示剂Trace analysis 痕量分析Macro analysis 常量分析Extraction 萃取Eatratant 萃取剂Phenolphthalein 酚酞Buffer solution 缓冲溶液Buffer capacity 缓冲容量Titrimetric analysis 滴定分析Titration error 滴定误差Titration end point (ep) 滴定终点Stoichiometric point (sp) 化学计量点Stability costant 稳定常数Sensitivy 灵敏度Fromation constant 形成常数Chromatography 色谱法IUPAC 国际纯粹与应用化学联合会Flame reaction 焰色反应Acid-base tritation 酸碱滴定Molar absorption coefficient 摩尔吸收系数Lambert-Beer law 朗伯-比耳定律。
原子吸收分光光度法 英文
原子吸收分光光度法英文Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) is an analytical technique commonly used for the determination of trace levels of metals in a variety of matrices, including environmental, biological, and industrial samples. The technique involves the absorption of radiation at a specific wavelength by the ground-state atoms of the sample of interest. The most widely used light source for AAS is a hollow-cathode lamp, which emits light at the characteristic wavelength of the element to be analyzed. The sample is atomized by high temperature, usually by means of a flame or graphite furnace, and the resulting atomic vapor is then allowed to intersect with the monochromatic light beam produced by the hollow-cathode lamp. The amount of radiation absorbed by the atoms is then measured and related to the concentration of the element in the sample.The advantages of AAS include high sensitivity, good selectivity, and ease of use compared to other analytical techniques. It also has a wide linear dynamic range, allowing for the quantification of metal concentrations over a broad range of concentrations. However, AAS also has some limitations, including the need for sample preparationand the potential for interferences from other elements in the sample matrix.Despite these limitations, AAS has proven to be a valuable tool for the determination of trace metals in a variety of samples. In addition, it has been used in combination with other techniques, such as chromatography or inductively coupled plasma, to provide even greater sensitivity and selectivity. Overall, AAS remains an important analytical technique for the analysis of trace metals, and its continued development and refinement will likely enhance its usefulness in a range of fields.原子吸收分光光度法（AAS）是一种常用的分析技术，用于测定多种基质中的微量金属，包括环境、生物和工业样品。
Analytical_Methods
6
ICH Q8(R2) and Analytical Methods
• ICHQ8(R2) doesn’t explicitly discuss analytical method development. • However, concepts apply:
12
Analytical Method “Design Space”/ “MODR”
• A science and risk based and multivariate approach to evaluate effects of various method input variables on method performance • Typically DoE (Design of Experiment) is used to find ranges for instrument operating parameters, to understand sample preparation variations and variations of method precision. • Method performance criteria are response factors • Can be conducted together with method validation
2
Analytical Methods – A Key Part of Control Strategy
• Control Strategy (ICH Q10)
– assures process performance and product quality – includes parameters and attributes related to drug substance and drug product materials – includes components, facility and equipment operating conditions – includes in-process controls, finished product specification, and the associated methods and frequency of monitoring and control Right Analytics at the Right Time
纳氏试剂光度法英文
纳氏试剂光度法英文Here's a casual and conversational write-up on the Nessler's reagent photometric method in English, adhering to the given requirements:If you're dealing with water analysis, chances areyou've heard of the Nessler's reagent method. It's a simple but effective way to determine ammonia levels in water samples. You just mix your sample with the reagent, and the color change tells you how much ammonia there is.I remember the first time I tried this method. It was pretty straightforward. You don't need fancy equipment,just a few basic lab tools and the Nessler's reagent. The key is to measure the color intensity accurately, which gives you a pretty good estimate of the ammonia concentration.What I like about this method is its flexibility. Whether you're analyzing drinking water, wastewater, oreven seawater, the Nessler's reagent can give you reliable results. And because it's a visual method, it's great for quick on-site checks.But don't get me wrong, it's not perfect. The color change can be influenced by other factors, so it's important to control the experimental conditions. Still, with a bit of practice, you can master the technique and get accurate results in no time.So if you're looking for a convenient way to measure.。
西布特罗检测方法-概述说明以及解释
西布特罗检测方法-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述部分的内容可以写成以下格式：引言部分旨在介绍本篇文章的主题以及西布特罗检测方法的背景。
西布特罗检测方法是一种新兴的分析技术，它在不同领域得到了广泛的应用。
本文将深入探讨西布特罗检测方法的原理和应用，以期能够为读者提供一个全面的了解和认识。
西布特罗检测方法是基于西布特罗效应的一种分析技术。
西布特罗效应是指在被测物质受到电场作用时产生的一种特殊的光学现象。
该现象是由被测物质中存在的分子或离子在电场作用下发生取向聚集而引起的。
通过检测和分析西布特罗效应，可以获取被测物质的一些重要信息，如分子结构、含量和性质等。
西布特罗检测方法在许多领域都有广泛的应用。
在环境监测领域，西布特罗检测方法可以用于水质、空气质量和土壤中污染物的监测和分析；在生命科学领域，西布特罗检测方法可用于研究生物分子的结构和功能；在材料科学领域，西布特罗检测方法可以用于材料表征和质量控制等方面。
本文的正文将详细介绍西布特罗检测方法的原理和应用，并对其优势和局限性进行分析和讨论。
在结论部分，将对本文进行总结，并展望西布特罗检测方法未来的发展方向。
通过阅读本文，读者可以对西布特罗检测方法有一个全面的了解，并为今后的相关研究和应用提供参考和指导。
1.2文章结构文章结构部分的内容可以按照以下方式进行编写：文章结构部分旨在简要介绍本篇长文的组织结构，以帮助读者更好地理解文章的内容和目的。
本文主要包括引言、正文和结论三个部分。
引言部分主要是对西布特罗检测方法进行概述，简要介绍其原理和应用领域。
同时，文章结构部分还会明确列出本文的目的，即通过对西布特罗检测方法进行深入研究和分析，探索其在实际应用中的潜力和优势。
正文部分将详细介绍西布特罗检测方法的原理和应用。
具体来说，2.1节将重点解释西布特罗检测方法的原理，包括它的基本步骤、关键技术和核心理论。
2.2节将探讨西布特罗检测方法在实际应用中的具体案例，介绍它在不同领域的应用以及取得的成效和挑战。
气相色谱法
概述>>
色谱法的定义与分类
2. 色谱法的分类 根据流动相的状态将色谱法分成四大类。
表17-3 色谱法以流动相种类的分类 色谱类型 流动相 主要分析对象
Hale Waihona Puke 气相色谱法液相色谱法 超临界色谱法 电色谱法
气体
液体 超临界流体
挥发性有机化合物
溶于水或有机溶剂的各种物质 各种有机化合物
缓冲溶液、电场 离子和各种有机化合物
FPD、N—P为质量型检测器。） 要求：响应快、灵敏度高、敏感度好（检测限低）、线性 范围宽。
二、常用检测器 常用的检测器有：
1.热导检测器(Thermal conductivity detector, TCD); 2. 氢火焰离子化检测器(Flame ionized detector, FID); 3. 电子捕获检测器(Electron capture detector, ECD);
时间
分离参数
⑴ 分离因子(α)：即相邻两个组分调整保留值之比，又 称为分配系数比或选择性系数比。
k2 K 2 ; t 1 VR1 k1 K1 R t 2 R VR2
⑵ 分离度 (Rs)：相邻两个组 分的色谱峰，其保留时 间差与两峰峰底宽平均 值之商。 t R2 －t R1 Rs 。 1 W 2＋W 1 2
B B B B B A A A
色谱柱 固定相 检测器 c
B
B A
A
t
1906，俄国植物学家 M.Tswett 发明色谱法，色谱之父 1931，对液固吸附色谱的杰出贡献者库恩，分离出60多 种胡萝卜素，核黄素、维生素，获1938年诺贝尔化学奖 蒂塞利乌斯(Tiselius)因电泳分析和分析方法的研究，发 现血清蛋白组分，获1948年诺贝尔化学奖 1941，马丁(Martin)和辛格(Synge)创始分配色谱特别是 纸色谱而共获1952年诺贝尔化学奖 氨基酸自动分析仪发明人S.穆尔(Stanford Moore)和W.H. 斯坦(William Howard Stein),定量分析方法解决了有关氨 基酸、多肽、蛋白质等复杂的生物化学问题，获1972年 诺贝尔化学奖
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Industrial Minerals Association Europe a isbl, in short “IMA -Europe”Established under the Belgian law under the enterprise / VAT number BE 0452.946.151Twin Gardens (6° floor), rue des Deux Eglises 26, B - 1000 Brussels, BelgiumTel: 32 2 210 44 10, Fax: 32 2 210 44 29, E-mail: secretariat@ima-europe.eu , www.ima-europe.euIndustrial Minerals Association – Europe A.I.S.B.L.REACH Consortium for Borates substances c/o IMA-Europe (Coordinator), rue des Deux Eglises 26/2 – B-1000 BrusselsBrussels, 7 July 2010To: Members of the SIEF for Sodium tetraborate (CAS: 1330-43-4) & related hydratesRecommended Analytical Methods for Substance Identification and Purity∙ Substance : Disodium tetraborate: EC# 215-540-4; CAS# 1330-43-4As you may already be aware, each individual registrant must provide information on which analytical methods (ref. IUCLID section 1.4) should be used to determine the identity of the substance as well as providing relevant spectral data. The Borates REACH Consortium has reviewed the above mentioned substance and has made recommendations on the analytical methods it deems relevant for Substance Identity and measurement of purity. Since each registrant must provide this data as part of his individual submission, the decision on which information to provide remains with the registrant.The Borates REACH Consortium recommends the following analytical methods:∙ Substance IdentityAnalytical methods recommended to be used for Substance Identification:It is up to each individual registrant to provide a description of the analytical methods or the appropriate bibliographical references for the identification of the substance. The information shall be sufficient to allow the methods to be reproduced.For the following spectral analysis and chromatographic methods, it is not considered relevant to perform the analysis. Instead it is recommended that a scientific justification is given to waive the need for analysis. A suggested justification is provided below.Optical activity: The substance is not optically active.PurityThe method below is recommended to be used to analyse the purity of the substance:Standard number: BS 5688-8:1979, ISO 2216:1972Title: Methods of test for orthoboric acid (boric acid), diboron trioxide (boric oxide), disodium tetraborates, sodium perborates and crude sodium borates for industrial use. Determination of sodium oxide and boric oxide contents of crude sodium borates.Description: The sodium oxide and boric oxide content are determined on the same solution. An aqueous solution is treated with excess standard hydrochloric acid solution followed by back titration with standard sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of methyl red as indicator. From this the sodium oxide can be calculated. The subsequent titration with standard sodium hydroxide in the presence of mannitol and phenolphthalein as indicator enables the boric oxide content to be calculated. The boron chemistry ensures that the B2O3 content identifies and quantifies each pure borate compound. The determination of Sodium tetraborate anhydrous would yield a B2O3 content of 69.2 wt.%. Similarly, the identification of sodium borates is revealed and confirmed when the Na2O value is determined, and the unique ratio of the two oxides (B2O3 and Na2O) is determined. For sodium tetraborate anhydrous, this yields the distinctive ratio of 0.5, thereby in combination with the borate assay this uniquely identifies the compounds.Recommended Analytical Methods for Substance Identification and Purity ∙Substance: Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate: EC# 215-540-4; CAS# 12179-04-03Sodium tetraborate decahydrate: EC# 215-540-4; CAS# 1303-96-4∙Substance IdentityAnalytical methods recommended to be used for Substance Identification:It is up to each individual registrant to provide a description of the analytical methods or the appropriate bibliographical references for the identification of the substance. The information shall be sufficient to allow the methods to be reproduced.For the following spectral analysis and chromatographic methods, it is not considered relevant to perform the analysis. Instead it is recommended that a scientific justification is given to waive the need for analysis. A suggested justification is provided below.Optical activity: The substance is not optically active.∙PurityThe method below is recommended to be used to analyse the purity of the substance:Standard number: BS 5688-8:1979, ISO 2216:1972Title: Methods of test for orthoboric acid (boric acid), diboron trioxide (boric oxide), disodium tetraborates, sodium perborates and crude sodium borates for industrial use. Determination of sodium oxide and boric oxide contents of crude sodium borates.Description: The sodium oxide and boric oxide content are determined on the same solution. An aqueous solution is treated with excess standard hydrochloric acid solution followed by back titration with standard sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of methyl red as indicator. From this the sodium oxide can be calculated. The subsequent titration with standard sodium hydroxide in the presence of mannitol and phenolphthalein as indicator enables the boric oxide content to be calculated. The boron chemistry ensures that the B2O3 content identifies and quantifies each pure borate compound. The determination of Sodium tetraborate anhydrous would yield a B2O3 content of 69.2 wt.%. Similarly, the identification of sodium borates is revealed and confirmed when the Na2O value is determined, and the unique ratio of the two oxides (B2O3 and Na2O) is determined. Forsodium tetraborate anhydrous, this yields the distinctive ratio of 0.5, thereby in combination with the borate assay this uniquely identifies the compounds.Standard number: BS 5688-3:1979, ISO 1916:1972Title: Methods of test for boric acid, boric oxide, disodium tetraborates, sodium perborates and crude sodium borates for industrial use. Determination of sodium oxide and boric oxide contents and loss on ignition of disodium tetraborates.Description: Determination of the loss on ignition at 900°C, expressed conventionally as the water content.。