新视野大学英语综合教程4的Book4-unit1-2答案详解

Unit One

✧raw: adj. cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed

The event took place on a raw February morning.

Raw materials are the natural substances from which industrial products are made.

✧Launch: vt.

1)start

Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets.

2) send (sth.) on its course

On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the world’s first artificial satellite, called Sputnik.

Collocation:

launch an attack

launch a massive campaign 发动一场大规模的运动

launch a company 开一家公司

launch threats at sb.

launch into （积极有力地）开始

launch out （精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始

He launched into a long speech about the danger of taking drugs.

She wants to be more than a singer and is launching out into films.

✧campaign: n. a series of military operations or planned activities with a particular

aim

The government is launching a massive campaign against corruption.

✧efficient: adj. working well, quickly and without waste

To cut back on fossil fuels, we should build more efficient cars.

It is not efficient to hire poorly trained workers.

✧conquest: n. conquering, defeat

The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany.

✧retreat: v. move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty

After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward.

retreat 的反义词是advance，例如：

to advance against (on, to, toward) 朝…前进

to retreat from 从…撤退

to retreat to 撤退到

✧engage: vt.

1) begin fighting with sb.

The commander ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immediately.

2) draw into; involve

We tried to engage him in our conversation, but in vain.

3) attract sb.’s interest

His good nature engages everyone.

他善良的性情吸引每个人。

4) occupy

Studying engages most of a serious student’s time.

Pattern: engage (sb.) in sth.: (cause to) take part in sth.

They are currently engaged in lengthy trade negotiations.

Collocation:

engage as 使聘为…

engage in 从事；使参加

engage with 与…啮合

✧be faced with: have to deal with

The librarians were faced with the huge task of listing all the books.

✧crucial: adj. very important (followed by to)

Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.

CF: crucial, critical & decisive

这三个词都是形容词，都有“紧要的、紧迫的、重要的”

之意。

crucial 意为“决定性的、极重要的”，指对关键性事物不

断增长的缺乏或需求，紧急情况或危急转折关头。

critical 意为“决定性的”，与crucial相似，但表示对缺

乏程度更精确的估计。在转折关头时比crucial表

现出更大的严重性。

decisive 意思是“决定性的、果断的”，具有重要、特殊或决定性效果。例如：Our air forces were decisive in winning the war.

✧take a gamble: take a risk

The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off.

✧press on/ahead: continue doing sth. in a determined way

(used in the pattern: press on/ahead (with sth.))

Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform.

✧bide one’s time: wait patiently for a chance

His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies.

✧minus: prep. below zero; made less by; slightly lower than the mark stated

Tomorrow’s temperature wi ll be as low as minus ten degrees Centigrade.

20 minus 10 is 10.

I got B minus in the final examination.