人教版八年级上册英语第五单元重点知识总结
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Unit 5
1.Words
News mind stand educational plan hope discussion happen expect joke sitcom soap opera comedy action movie cartoon meaningless famous rich successful culture appear become might main reason common film unlucky lose ready simple army
重点讲解:
1)Mind n. 理智,精神;意见;智力;记忆力
Eg:I'm trying to clear my mind of all this.
我正试图把这一切都从我脑子里清理出去。
There was no doubt in his mind that the man was serious.
毫不怀疑在他的脑海里这个人是认真的。
You have a good mind.
你很有才智。
The key to his success is his logical mind.
他成功的关键在于他的逻辑思维。
vt. 介意;专心于;照料
vi. 介意;注意
Eg:I don't mind changing my timetable for yours.
我并不介意改变我的时间表来配合你的。
<拓>短语
in mind 记住,考虑到,想到;在心里;头脑中;时刻记住
in my mind 在我脑海中;在我的心中;在我精神世界里
state of mind 心理状态,思想状态;心境
would you mind 你介意…吗
keep in mind 记住
2)Stand vi. 站立;位于;停滞vt. 使站立;忍受;抵抗n.忍受
Eg:It eats in her to stand idly by.
站在一旁无所事事,这使她很不好受。
How can you stand such insolence?
你还能忍受这样的侮辱吗?
Do you think you can swing him to our stand?
你认为你能让他站到我们的立场上来吗?
<拓>短语
stand up v. 站起来;坚持;竖立;站得住脚;拥护
stand on 坚持;依靠;
stand for 代表;支持;象征;担任…的候选人
stand out 突出;站出来;坚持到底;坚决反对
stand by 支持;袖手旁观;准备;站在旁边
can't stand 无法忍受
stand against vt. 反对;抵抗
stand back 退后;往后站;不介入
3)Plan vt. 计划;设计;打算vi. 计划;打算
Eg:They talked him out of his plan.
他们说服他放弃他的计划。
He sympathizes with my plan.
他表示支持我的方案。
<拓>短语
plan for 为……订计划
in plan 作为平面图
development plan 发展计划;开发计划
plan on vt. 打算,计划
4)Hope n. 希望;期望;信心vt. 希望;期望vi. 希望;期待;信赖Eg:I hope this coffee may sober him up.
我希望这杯咖啡能使他醒醒酒.
The star seemed to twinkle hope to us.
这颗星星似乎向我们闪烁希望。
He abandoned all hope.
他放弃一切希望。
<拓>短语
hope to do 希望做某事
in hope of 怀着……的希望
hope project 希望工程
good hope 良好愿望;美好的希望
beyond hope 没希望的;绝望的
hold out hope (在不利情况下仍)对...抱希望
5)Happen vi. 发生;碰巧;偶然遇到
Eg: Do you have the workers to save me if anything should happen?
如果发生什么情况,你们会有工作人员来救我吗?
How does that happen?
那是怎样发生的?
This should not happen.
这种情况本不应该发生。
<拓>短语
happen to coincide 不约而同;不谋而合
6)Expect vt. 期望;指望;认为;预料vi. 期待;预期
Eg:I expect to see my uncle.
我期望见到我的舅舅。
I expect her later.
我预计她迟到。
<拓>短语
expect too much of 对(某人)期望过高
expect of 对…期望(要求)
expect to do 期待去做;期望做某事
7)Appear vi. 出现;显得;似乎
Eg:When night falls, stars appear.
夜晚来到时星星出现。
She hated to appear before a live audience.
她不愿出现在现场观众(或听众)面前。
<拓>短语
appear in 出现在…
appear on 在...上出现
appear to be 好像是;仿佛
<辨>关于appear, seem, look (似乎,好像)。
(1) 三者均为连系动词,均可后接形容词、名词、不定式作表语。
eg:
他似乎是一个诚实的人。
正:He looks [seems, appears] honest.
正:He looks [seems, appears] an honest man.
正:He looks [seems, appears] to be honest.
正:He looks [seems, appears] to be an honest man.
(2) look, seem 之后可以接介词like, 但appear 之后不能。
如:
He looks [seems] like a fool. 他看起来像个大傻瓜。
(3) 三者均可后接不定式,但look 之后一般只限于to be。
如:
正:He seems [appears, looks] to be tired. 他好像很累了。
正:He seems [appears] to laugh at us. 他好像在笑我们。
(4) 三者均可用于it 开头的句子,但look 之后通常接as if (asthough)引导的从句,appear之后通常接that引导的从句,seem 之后则可接that和as if (as though)引导的从句。
如:
It looks [seems] as if you’re right. 好像你是对的。
It seems [appears] that he is ill. 他似乎病了。
(5) 在there be开头的句子里,可用seem, appear, 一般不用look。
如:
There seems [appears] to be something the matter with her. 她好像出了什么事似的。
2.Phrases
1)find out v. 找出,查明;发现,揭发
Eg:I'll find out her secret.
我要弄清她的秘密。
查出…的罪行;揭发出;使受惩罚(或报应):
“Be sure your sin will find you out.”
“你要相信你的罪行总要败露的。
”
对(某弱处)起作用:
This cold weather finds out my old wound.
这个寒冷的天气使我的老伤发作了。
<辨>find是找的动作,接找的东西;find out接找出的结果,是你找出查明了...事
2)Be ready to为…做准备
Eg:I'm ready to be on the stage.
我准备好上台表演了。
<拓>be ready for: 为...做好准备
Eg:He store sold off its summer stock to be ready for the winter goods.
那家商店廉价出清夏秀存货,准备进冬季货物。
3)Come out 出现;出版;结果是
Eg:Can you come out and play with me?
你能够和我一起出去玩吗?
Whatever you think, come out with it.
有什么想法都说出来。
<拓>短语
come true 实现,成真;成为现实
come from 来自;出生于
come back 回来;记起;恢复原状,重新流行
come out 出现;出版;结果是
come into 进入;得到
3.Grammar
1)动词
表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。
a.根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。
还可以分成及物动词和不及物动词说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,
eg:We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。
(having是实义动词。
)
He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。
(has是助动词。
)
b. 动词根据其后是否带有宾语分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。
eg:She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。
(sing在此用作不及物动词。
)She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。
(sing用作及物动词。
)c.根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)
eg:She sings very well. 她唱得很好。
(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。
)
She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。
(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。
说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。
d.根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)
eg:The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。
Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。
The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。
(take care of是动词短语。
)
e.动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular Form in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。
2)询问别人意见时的表达
What do you think about it? 你对此怎么看?
Is that right? 那样对吗?
Absolutely right. 绝对正确。
I think you're mistaken about that. 我想你那样不对。
Is that ok? 这样行吗?
That's ok/fine. 挺好的。
That's excellent. 那太棒了。
He was absent yesterday. Do you know why? 昨天他没到,你知道为什么吗?
Do you have any idea? 你怎么想?
I suppose he was sick. 我猜他大概是病了。
Will it rain tomorrow? 明天会下雨吗?
No, I don't think so. 不,我想不会。
Do you really want to know what I think? 你真想知道我怎么想吗?
Please give me your advice. 请给我提些建议。
I want to hear your opinion. 我想听听你们想法。
3)连词P118。