最新微观经济各种曲线图

S
Excess demand
Price ceiling
D Q
Price floor 價格上限
Wage rate W1
Surplus
S
Minimum wage
We
W0
0
Q1
D
Labour Q2
Elastic demand 高彈性需求
P
D
Elastic Demand
M
a 0
b D’ Q
Inelastic demand 低彈性需求
Average product curve 平均生產曲線
TP
Slope=MP=AP
TP max.
TP
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AP,MP
MP max.
Variable factor
AP max.
AP
0
MP
Variable factor
Marginal product curve 邊際生產曲線
TP
Slope=MP=AP
TP max.
P
D
a 0
M
Inelastic Demand
b
Q D’
Perfectly elastic demand 完全彈性需求曲線
P
D
0
Q
Perfectly inelastic demand 完全無彈性需求曲線
P D
0
Q
Unitary elastic demand curve 單一彈性需求曲線
P
Gain=Loss
TP
0
AP,MP
MP max.
Variable factor
AP max.
AP
0
MP
Variable factor
Total product curve 總生產曲線
TP
Slope=MP=AP
TP max.
TP
0
AP,MP
MP max.
Variable factor
AP max.
AP
0
MP
Variable factor
TC,TFC,TVC Slope=MC=AC
TC
TVC Slope=MC=AVC
TFC
0
AC, AFC, AVC, MC, MFC, MVC
Output MC=MVC
AC
AVC
AFC MFC=0
0
Output
Total cost 總成本
TC,TFC,TVC Slope=MC=AC
TC
TVC Slope=MC=AVC
TC,TFC,TVC Slope=MC=AC
TC
TVC Slope=MC=AVC
TFC
0
AC, AFC, AVC, MC, MFC, MVC
Output MC=MVC
AC
AVC
AFC MFC=0
0
Output
First-degree price discrimination 一級價格分歧
P MC
D=MUV=MR Q
Q
Law of diminishing marginal returns 邊際報酬遞減定律
TP
Slope=MP=AP
TP max.
TP
Law of diminishing marginal returns
0
AP,MP
MP max.
Variable factor
AP max.
AP
0
MP
Variable factor
0
Third-degree price discrimination 三級價格分歧
Market A P
Market B P
Both Markets P
PA P1 PB
MRA DA
Q
QA
0
MRB DB
Q
QB
MC
MRA+B Q
DA+B
Q
Law of demand 需求定律
P
A B
0
D Q
Law of supply 供給定律
TFC
0
AC, AFC, AVC, MC, MFC, MVC
Output MC=MVC
AC
AVC
AFC MFC=0
0
Output
Average fixed cost 平均固定成本
TC,TFC,TVC Slope=MC=AC
TC
TVC Slope=MC=AVC
TFC
0
AC, AFC, AVC, MC, MFC, MVC
P S
B A
Q
0
Equilibrium Price 均衡價格
P S
Pe
D
0
Q
Surplus 盈餘
P S
Excess supply
Pe
0
Qe
D Q
Shortage 短缺
P S
Pe
Excess demand
0
Qe
D Q
P
Black market price Market Price
0
Price ceiling 價格下限
微观经济各种曲线图
Average revenue 平均收入
TR
0 AR,MR
TR Q
AR
0
MR
Q
Marginal revenue 邊際收入
TR
0 AR,MR
TR Q
AR
0
MR
Q
Perfect competition 完全競爭
P MC
AC d=MR=AR=P
AVC
Q
0
Q*
Profit maximization 利潤最大化
AFC MFC=0
0
Output
Average cost 平均成本
TC,TFC,TVC Slope=MC=AC
TC
TVC Slope=MC=AVC
TFC
0
AC, AFC, AVC, MC, MFC, MVC
Output MC=MVC
AC
AVC
AFC MFC=0
0
Output
Marginal cost 邊際成本
Loss in revenue
GGaainin iinn rreevveennuuee
0
D Q
Good Y
5P
Budget constraint 預算限制
4
3
Q
2
R
1
S
0
1
2
3
Good X
Good Y
5
Indifference curve 無異曲線
Output MC=MVC
AC
AVC
AFC MFC=0
0
Output
Average variable cost 平均可變成本
TC,TFC,TVC Slope=MC=AC
TC TVC
Slope=MC=AVC TFC
0
AC, AFC, AVC, MC, MFC, MVC
Output MC=MVC
AC
AVC
P MC
P
MR=MC (profit maximization)
MR
0
Q
D=AR
Deadweight loss 無謂損失
P S=MC
Pm Pc
MR
0
Qm Qc
D=AR Q
Monopoly rent 壟斷租
P MC
AC’ P
AC
MR
0
Q
D=AR Q
Monopoly 壟斷
P MC
P
MR
0
Q
AC D=AR
Total fixed cost 總固定成本
TC,TFC,TVC Slope=MC=AC
TC
TVC Slope=MC=AVC
TFC
0
AC, AFC, AVC, MC, MFC, MVC
Output MC=MVC
AC
AVC
AFC MFC=0
0
Output
Total variable cost 總可變成本