完备版版高考英语短文改错介词考点.doc

高考英语短文改错介词考点介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。

介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。

介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。

介词可分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。

①Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语 )①This machine is in good condition.表(语 )①Where is the key to my bike?(定语 )①She always thinks herself above others（.宾补）一、介词的分类（1）从用法分类介词类型例词例句表示方位at, before, behind, below, etc.There must be something behind it.表示时间about, after, at, before, by, etc. He came home after 3 days.表示原因、目的for, with, from, etc. He died from cancer.表示对于to, for, over, at, with, etc. The book is really difficult for me.表示手段、方式by, in, with, etc. I will defend the motherland with my life.表示除去but, besides, except, etc. We all went to the supermarket except Tom.表示比较as, like, above, over, than, etc. They united as one man.表示结果to, with, without, etc. Man can’t live without water.（2）从结构分类介词分类构成例词简单介词只有单独一个after, at, on, in, during, since, till, across, over, through, past,词的介词near, to, above, by, for, down, from, of, off, behind, below,beneath, beside, between, beyond, up, with, about, against,along, among, around, etc.复合介词由两个单词合成的介词into, inside, onto, outside, throughout, towards, upon, within, without, etc.形容词，分词或副词 +介词according to, away from,owing to, etc.down to, inside of, near to, opposite to,连词 +介词as for, as to, because of, etc.介词 + 介词 ( 又称 from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between, etc.短语介词双重介词 )介词 +名词 +介词by means of, in front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to, etc.其他thanks to, etc.分词concerning, considering, including, regarding, etc.形容词或副词like, near, opposite, round, next, etc.由其他词类than, but(除⋯⋯之外 ), etc.连词转用despite(不顾；不管 ), etc.名词【考点一】考查with/without 复合结构介词 with/without+ 名词 /代词 +形容词 /副词 /介词短语 /动词不定式 /分词（分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词）在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。

With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.单项填空①It was a pity that the great writer died _____ his works unfinished.A. forB. withC. fromD. of解析：选 B。

考查 with 复合结构。

works 与 unfinish 之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。

如果名词或代词与后面的动词是主谓关系，则用现在分词表示主动。

【考点二】考查工具、手段、方式介词（1）by, in, on 三词都可表示旅行的方式①不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不加冠词。

如by sea, by water, by land, by rail, by air等。

①涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词须用单数形式，前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。

如 by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。

①当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on 或 in，名词前加冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。

如 travel to New York in this plane， leave on an early train， go to school on my bike 等。

注意：步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。

如 on foot，on horseback，on a horse，on the camel。

（2）with, by, in 三词均意为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。

① with 用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。

They are digging with a pick/spade.We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.① by, in, on, over, through 等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。

如by hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio, through the telescope等。

注意：①使用语言、原料、材料时，用in 表示，如 in English/Japanese；in blue ink 等。

①表达“用⋯⋯方法 /式”时，所用介词有： in this/that/the same way，by means of，by this/that means，with this/that method 等。

【考点三】考查of+抽象名词的用法“ of+抽象名词”的用法与形容词相同，在句中可作表语、定语、补语。

of+great/much +抽象名词 =very+名词的形容词形式of+no+抽象名词 =not+名词的形容词形式It is of great value.=It is very valuable.It is of no use.=It is useless.The camel is of great help to the Arab.＝The camel is very helpful to the Arab.【考点四】考查表示程度的介词by, to, beyondby 表示“增加了⋯⋯”； to 表示“增加到⋯⋯”； beyond 表示“范围 , 限度超出”。

This new model of car is so expensive that it is beyond the reach of those with average incomes.单项填空① Sorry, Madam. You A. during ’ d better come tomorrow because it ’ s ______ the visiting hours. B. at C. beyond D. before解析：选 C。

考查介词的用法。

句意为：对不起，女士，你最好明天来，因为已经过了开放时间了。

beyond（时间）晚于，迟于。

【考点五】考查介词but 的固定搭配have no choice but to do 只得做某事； can’ t help but do不得不做⋯⋯； can’ t but do不得不只能；can’ t choose but do只得做某事； but for 要不是⋯⋯。

I have no choice but to accept his conditions.There was no taxi that day, I couldn another’ t choose but stay there fornight.【考点六】考查to one ’情s+感类名词to 与情感类名词连用，表示“某人因某事的发生而唤起其内心的某种情感”。

常见的结构有：to＋one’s＋delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret＝ to the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of sb.。

这种结构表示结果，用作状语，通常置于句首，也可置于句中或句末。

若要加强该结构的语气，有两种方式：①在名词前加 great, deep等形容词修饰；①在整个短语前加副词greatly, much 等修饰。

To his disappointment, he failed again.【考点七】考查名词与to 构成的固定搭配key, approach, solution, answer, entrance, visit, attitude等与to构成固定搭配：the key/approach/solution/answer/entrance/visit/attitude to...。

It is said that they have adopted a new approach to teaching English.【考点八】考查介词by 的用法(1)by+地点名词。