海螺88系列型材特点及其参数教学提纲
海螺80系列型材特点及其参数
海螺80系列型材特点及其参数
不同于传统的80系列推拉窗，设有独立的排水腔
考虑周全的纱扇型材MF52NC，增添的毛条凹槽使之密封性比一般推拉窗更加优越
高档的窗扇SF66-37NC型材，使推拉窗也具备了带传动器的选择
80系列的高、低档次的设计，对中国大部分适宜使用推拉窗的地区无疑是普遍的产品，具有不可抗拒的吸引力
同样的三腔结构与平面设计，使您在使用时同样也能感觉其他系列门窗所具有的优点
与60系列完美的配套性，使整个工程的塑料门窗制作选材不再让您伤透脑筋
框王字中梃扇扇（传）HF80NC SE70NC SF55NC SF66-37NC
1198克/米1528克/米736克/米876克/米
中心插件纱扇纱扇插件内锁
CI37NC MF52NC CI7NC IL31NC
309克/米492克/米197克/米201克/米
内锁双玻压条单玻压条固定窗
IL36-37NC GB20NC GB8NC FB80NC
219克/米186克/米126克/米659克/米
海螺80系列型材门窗节点图。
断桥铝门窗88型材的优点与使用指南
断桥铝门窗88型材的优点与使用指南1. 断桥铝门窗简介说到断桥铝门窗，很多朋友可能会感到陌生，但其实这可是个家居界的小明星哦！它的“断桥”可不是桥被断了，而是通过一种特殊的设计，把铝合金的导热性降低，达到隔热的效果。
听起来是不是有点高大上？但其实说白了，就是让你在家里更舒适。
尤其是到了夏天，开空调再也不怕热气外跑，冬天也能把温暖牢牢锁住。
说实话，谁不想在家里享受四季如春呢？2. 断桥铝门窗的优点2.1 节能环保首先，咱们得聊聊节能环保这块。
现在大家都在提倡绿色生活，断桥铝门窗就是个好帮手。
它的保温性能特别棒，可以有效降低空调和暖气的使用频率，想想看，电费少了，心里是不是也跟着美滋滋的？而且，选用高品质的断桥铝材，还能减少对环境的影响，真正做到低碳生活，这可是一箭双雕呢！2.2 隔音效果好接着要说的就是它的隔音效果，真心不虚传。
想象一下，外面车水马龙、吵吵闹闹，你坐在家里，喝着咖啡，悠闲地享受安静的时光，简直就是种享受啊！尤其是住在市中心的小伙伴，想必对这种宁静的渴望更是迫切。
断桥铝门窗的设计让噪音无处可逃，你再也不怕小区里的“音乐会”打扰到你了。
3. 断桥铝门窗的使用指南3.1 安装要点不过，买了好东西，安装可不能马虎哦！要请专业的师傅来安装，这样才能保证门窗的密封性和安全性。
否则，万一漏水漏风，那可就得不偿失了。
大家可以在网上多看看口碑好的安装团队，毕竟“人无信不立”，选对人可关键。
3.2 日常维护最后，咱们说说日常维护。
虽然断桥铝门窗的耐用性非常强，但偶尔也需要点“美容”。
比如定期检查密封条，有问题及时更换，这样才能让它陪你更久。
而且，别忘了定期清洁，保持窗户的干净整洁，这样才能把阳光最大化地引入家中，简直就是“阳光房”的最佳选择啊！4. 总结总的来说，断桥铝门窗88型材真的是个好选择，既能提升居住的舒适度，又能为我们的生活带来便利和环保。
想要过上更舒适的生活，选对门窗真的很重要，毕竟“好马配好鞍”，给自己一个温暖的家，何乐而不为呢？所以，亲爱的朋友们，不妨考虑一下断桥铝门窗，把它带回家，让生活更加美好！。
塑钢窗和铝合金门窗区别
海螺塑钢材料的真伪辨别1、海螺型材分型号，比如80、88、60(系列)，这些型号实际就是塑钢的宽度。
自己测量一下，问问销售商就知道了；2、检查塑钢表面的贴膜，就是上面写着海螺塑钢蓝色字样。
真海螺是工厂出厂时机器贴膜，平整无皱。
假的贴膜不平整，中间有气泡。
(而且你把膜去掉.型材的表面还是发粘的)3、海螺型材每隔一段距离有海螺的logo后面的一长串数字就是生产的时间日期等等；4、真海螺是白中带青、假的是发黄的；5、真海螺型材的表面上均有很清晰的黑色电脑喷码，其组成为“CONCHXC+生产日期+20位数字”，真实德型材的黑色电脑喷码组成为：“SHIDE+20位数字”，你只要把这20位数字编码打电话给厂家就可以辨别出型材的真伪。
（芜湖海螺型材科技股份有限公司：、5842001；大连实德塑胶工业有限公司：、7608534、7609888）海螺型材上的编码,真品都是精确到秒,而且秒后的编号也都不同,也就每米型材都是唯一编号的,假的做不到的.塑钢窗简述塑钢推拉窗塑钢窗是继木、铁、之后，在90 年代中期被国家积极推广的的一种形式。
由于其价格较低，性能价格比较好，现仍被广泛使用。
这种窗户的边框是聚氯乙烯（PVC）树脂为主要原料，加上一定比例的稳定剂、着色剂、填充剂、紫外线吸收剂等，经挤出成型材；是现代建筑最常用的窗户类别之一。
发展历史塑料窗是本世纪五十年代末，首先由西德研制开发的，于1959年开始生产。
最初的塑料窗均采用单胶结构，比较简单、粗糙，伴随着1972年世界性的能源危机，七十年代初节能效果较好的塑料窗得到了大量使用，也推动了型材生产技术的提高，性能日臻完善，由原来的单腔型材发展到三腔、四腔型材，也带动了欧洲乃至亚洲塑料门窗的发展。
据不完全统计，德国塑料门窗的使用量已占门窗市场的52%，奥地利为48%，瑞士、英、法、意等发达国家也有10%-20%以上；美国的塑料窗在七十年代末开始起步，每年使用量增长率达15%以上，目前亚洲地区使用塑料窗的有日本、韩国、台湾和新加坡、泰国等。
螺丝及螺母性能介绍
标准编号 ISO1337 ISO426/1 ISO426/2 ISO427 ISO1187
— ISO428 ISO209 ISO209 ISO209 ISO209
— ISO209
6、自攻类螺钉 1.自钻自攻螺钉的材料（GB/T3098.11-1995）
0.154） 0.35 0.035 0.035 0.003 340
回火
10.9(6)
中碳钢，淬火并回火 或低、中碳合金 0.25 0.55 0.035 0.035
0.003
钢（如硼、锰或铬），淬火并回火或合金钢 0.204) 0.55 0.035 0.035
425
淬火并回火 7）
0.20 0.55 0.035 0.035 0.003
8、9
041）
0.58
0.25
0.060
0.150
10 2)
051)
0.58
0.30
0.048
0.058
12 2)
——
0.58
0.45
0.048
0.058
1)该性能等级可以用易切钢制造（供需双方另有协议除外），其硫、磷及铅的最大含量为：硫 0.30%；磷 0.11%；铅 0.35%. 2）为改善螺母的机械性能，必要时可增添合金元素。
GB5233
AL4
LY8、LD9
CU5
QSi1-3
GB5233
AL5
—
CU6
—
—
AL6
LC9
CU7
QA1-10-4-4
GB5233
—
根据供需双方协议，当供方能够保证机械性能时，可以采用表以外的材料。 为保证紧固件符合有关机械性能的要求，由制造者确定是否进行热处理。 附：适用的国际标准材料牌号
海螺产品系列介绍20140316
ST35*25 BR70-MNC
1
2
3
FR79－MVNC GB16NC
三玻28mm
1
SP98-MNC
STG35*25
三玻28mm
GB16-30NC
三玻28mm
2
3
4
65窗型材断面
70 98
20
20
16
65
65
53
53
17
40
38
框 BR70-MNC 1277g/m
49
中梃 SP98-MNC 1545g/m
纱扇 MF50NC 643g/m
扇中心插件 CI42NC 388g/m
50
73系列推拉窗
6 4 75
室内
ST25×20 GDE35NC
6
1
2 8
3
单层玻璃 AD30NC CP2NC
7
密封毛条 纱网压条 玻璃垫块
BR54NC GB26NC
4
5
纱网 ST16.5×8.5
8
室内
ST30×21.5
MF41NC
46
36
36
中 梃 UP72NC 1165g/m
104
中 梃 SE72NC 1135g/m
84
46
门板 PP150NC 903g/m
60
60
18
19
60
46
60
46
18
66
86
34
30
外平开门扇 SF104NC 1568g/m
内平开门扇 FR104NC 1568g/m
单玻压条 GB34NC 276g/m
31.5
51
23
双相钢盘条制备88级螺栓性能变化
表１
Ｔａｂｌｅ １
１．３％
虽然含ｆｒ少｝｛ｉ珠光体，ｆｕ糯条金十Ｈ纰型ｌ仍是
双十ｕ组织。存侄少｛【ｉｔ｛氏体是由丁现有的斯太尔唪 冷却线的冷上¨能力４ｉ足造成的从纵截面看，ｔ｛氏
体呈不连续条带状，这是由于碳的偏析造成的这
种条带状分布的马氏体易对柱条力。’＃’降能广。｛一小利 影响…，
第３７卷
Ｖ０１．３７
第６期
Ｎｏ．６
金属
ＭｅｔａＩ
制
品
２０１１年１２月
Ｄｅｃｅｍｂｅｒ ２０１ １
Ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ
ｄｏｉ：１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００３—４２２６．２０１ １．０６．００７
双相钢盘条制备８．８级螺栓性能变化
徐向俊１。孔俊其２
（１．中原工学院材料与化工学院，河南郑州４５０００７； ２．邢台钢铁有限责任公司，河北邢台０５４０２７）
经过１／３冷镦后成品丝没有开裂，说明所研究
的双相钢加工硬化后有很好的冷镦性能。表４是３ 种成品丝及经过１／３冷镦后的硬度，拉拔使材料硬 度增加较大。随着总压缩率的增加，盘条的硬度由 ，Ｊ、于２０ ＨＲＣ，分另４增加至０
ＧＢ／Ｔ ２３．１，２８．７，３０．９ ＨＲＣ，
的。最大压缩变形抗力随断面收缩率变化不明显， 使得制备螺栓选择模具强度和设备吨位时不考虑拉 拔量对强度的影响。 ２．３螺栓的外观和性能 螺栓在成形过程中各工序的形状如图３所示， 螺栓冷镦前后照片如图４所示。仔细观察螺栓头部
摘要采用踟．５０ ｍｍ的ＥＲ７０Ｓ一６双相钢盘条制备的８．８级Ｍ６×３０全牙六角螺栓，铁索体晶粒尺寸约８．２
仙ｍ，马氏体体积分数为Ｊ１．５％。研究双相钢盘条制备螺栓过程中的力学性能变化规律，结果表明：双相钢盘条室 温力学性能稳定，自然时效略增加盘条的塑性。盘条经大于２２％的总压缩率拉拔后，抗拉强度约８００ ＭＰａ，硬度达 到螺栓要求，但蠼性不能满足制备螺栓的要求。拉拔后成品丝的冷镦性能好，最大压缩变形抗力增加，但对拉拔量 不敏感。冷镦后螺栓头部硬度比成品丝高，螺栓杆部硬度急剧降低。ＥＲ７０Ｓ一６双相钢盘条制备８．８级螺栓需要 成品丝的抗拉强度至少为８８０ ＭＰａ。电镀和自然时效不影响螺栓的性能。 关键词双相钢盘条；螺栓；冷镦；断面收缩率；抗拉强度；硬度 中图分类号ＴＧｌｌ５．５ Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙ ｃｈａｎｇｅ ｏｆ ８．８ ｇｒａｄｅ ｂｏｌｔ ｍａｄｅ ｂｙ ｄｕａｌ ｐｈａｓｅ ｓｔｅｅｌ ｗｉｒｅ ｒｏｄ
浙江恒强化工有限公司螺缎及螺栓产品数据手册说明书
Vodafone Group Plc Trading Updatefor the quarter ended 31 December 201825 January 2019DisclaimerBy watching this webcast,you agree to be bound by the following conditions.You may not disseminate these slides or this recording,in whole or in part,without the prior consent of Vodafone.Information in this presentation relating to the price at which relevant investments have been bought or sold in the past or the yield on such investments cannot be relied upon as a guide to the future performance of such investments.This presentation does not constitute an offering of securities or otherwise constitute an invitation or inducement to any person to underwrite,subscribe for or otherwise acquire or dispose of securities in any company within the Vodafone Group.This presentation contains forward-looking statements,including within the meaning of the US Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of1995,which are subject to risks and uncertainties because they relate to future events.These forward-looking statements include,without limitation,statements in relation to Vodafone Group’s financial outlook and future performance.Some of the factors which may cause actual results to differ from these forward-looking statements are discussed on the final slide of this presentation.This presentation also contains non-GAAP financial information which the Vodafone Group’s management believes is valuable in understanding the performance of the Vodafone Group.However,non-GAAP information is not uniformly defined by all companies and therefore it may not be comparable with similarly titled measures disclosed by other companies,including those in the Vodafone Group’s industry.Although these measures are important in the assessment and management of the Vodafone Group’s business,they should not be viewed in isolation or as replacements for,but rather as complementary to,the comparable GAAP measures.Vodafone,the Vodafone Portrait,the Vodafone Speechmark,Vodafone Broken Speechmark Outline,Vodacom,Vodafone One,The future is exciting.Ready?and M-Pesa,are trademarks of the Vodafone Group.Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.2Q3 18/19 highlights: ongoing momentum in value drivers3Service revenue0.1%growth ex. UK handsetfinancing+188k+8%Rest of World mobiledata usersEurope mobile contractnet adds 1+201kAccelerating digital transformationOn trackImproving asset utilisationAll growth rates in this document are on an IAS 18 basis, organic and year-on-year, unless otherwise stated, with Vodafone India and Vodafone Qatar excluded from organic growth calculations 1.Adjusted for the phasing out of Talkmobile customers in the UK since Q1 17/182.Europe and Common FunctionsEurope contract churn improvement YoY+1.4ppDeepening customer engagementConfident in our full year guidanceEurope convergednet addsEurope broadbandnet adds+226k+27%IoT SIM connectionsfor €400m net opex savings this year 2IBM Cloudin the UKpartnership5G active network sharing2.32.21.71.60.90.3UK Spain Germany Turkey South Africa Other EuropeDeepening customer engagement: reducing mobile churn4Annualised Churn (%)13.417.3 3.915.310.723.5Q3 18/19 mobile contract churn improvement YoY (pp)11.Excludes Italy which is predominantly a prepaid market% of cable sales in Germany >100 MbpsNGN base (m)Europe Consumer: improving commercial momentum5Europe customer net adds (000s)Europe 4customer quality indicators (Q3 17/18 –Q318/19)Fixed broadbandConverged net adds (k)1.Adjusted for the phasing out of Talkmobile customers in the UK since Q1 17/182.Excludes 193,000 low usage SIMs added in Spain in Q1 18/193.Excludes the first time recognition in Germany of 205k prepaid mobile customers with fixed products in Q1 18/19. Reported basis 492k4.Includes VodafoneZiggo316255128122226234224260185201Q3 17/18Q4 17/18Q1 18/19²Q2 18/19Q3 18/191742662893119188Convergence penetration (%)12.314.066732934On-net/strategic wholesale NGN users (m)10.310.7414k NGN net addsMobile contract 1Vodafone Business: growth from IoT and fixed; ongoing mobile price pressure6MobileService revenue growth Q3 18/19 YTD (%)1(0.9)10.223.80.5Fixed line growth from share gains •Several early account wins in SD-WAN 4•Cloud revenue +23%IoT: annualised revenue €0.8bn •Connectivity revenue, +17%3•Automotive slowdownMobile: pricing pressure •4% customer growth, offset by 5% ARPU decline •Ongoing pressure in SoHo /Corporate Simplification of business model:reduce exposure to capital intensive legacy data centresImproves capability :full access to IBM’s Multicloud offeringStrategic Cloud partnership with IBMStrategic Cloud partnership with IBM1.All growth rates are year to date, unless stated2.Underlying performance3.Underlying excluding one-offs in prior year4.Software Defined -Wide Area NetworksIoTManaged services agreement with IBMCo-develop new digital servicesFixedTotal79382314Data users²4G customers²M-Pesa customersSafaricomVodafone 3.12.32.82.61.20.50.50.50.60.5Q3 17/18Q4 17/18Q1 18/19Q2 18/19Q3 18/19Emerging Consumer: continued customer growth, Data momentum71.Includes adjustments in Vodacom in H2 17/18 relating to changes in disconnection rules and in Egypt since Q3 17/18 due to regulator mandated changes in distribution policies2.Includes Turkey, Vodacom, Egypt and GhanaCustomer net adds (m)Mobile prepaid 1Mobile contract•Initiatives in South Africa to reduce ‘one-off’ use of SIM cards in Q3Customer quality indicators Q3 18/19 (m)33%+10pp41%+3pp69%+2ppPenetration(YoY improvement)+8% YoY+48% YoY+14% YoY8Passive and active sharing for 5G5G rollout at lower costs and capexImproving asset utilisation: 5G active network sharingGroup principlesActive 5G sharing across 14k 2sites; exploring transmission optionsUnwinding active sharing in ~2,500 sitesin major cities outside LondonExplore potential monetisation of towers postfinalisation of sharing agreementMarket-by-market approachto tower ownershipStrategic & financial considerationsOutside major citiesLowers complexityUK agreement with O21High quality partnersmaintaining differentiation1.Non-binding heads of terms2.Excludes 5,000 sites in London and other major citiesVodafone ManagedTelefonica Managed UnwindImproving asset utilisation: towers update9Sites (Tenancy Ratio)Masts (Ratio)Rooftops (Ratio)Controlled operationsNumber of sites (tenancy ratio)1Virtual TowerCo planning3,600 (1.2)1,800(1.4)1,800(1.0)14,000(1.1)11,100 (1.6)6,500 (1.8)4,600 (1.3)3,100 (1.2)19,200 (1.2)3,800 (2.0)15,400 (1.0)10,300 (1.4)4,000 (1.4)6,300 (1.4)2,300 (1.6)1,100 (1.9)1,200 (1.3)CEE: 8,700 (1.4)2,900 (1.7)5,800 (1.2)Exploring industrial and financial opportunities on a market-by-market basis1,500(1.4)700(1.8)800(1.1)JVs•Further due diligence into operational, strategic & financial considerations •57,000 controlled sites in scope•Average tenancy ratio 1.4,(Rooftops 1.2 Ground masts 1.7) and rising•Visibility on active sharing agreements needed before exploring potential monetisation opportunities1.Controlled sites, excluding third party sites. Figures are indicative only and subject to further due diligenceFinancial reviewMargherita Della ValleGroup Chief Financial Officer1.11.41.62.1Q3 17/18Q4 17/18²1.10.50.10.3(0.5)(0.8)0.90.30.4 Q1 18/19Q2 18/19Q3 18/19Service revenue growth Group1 (%)•Q4: tougher comparison in UK Business, ongoing ARPA dilution from the commercial reset in Spain1.0 1.4(0.3)(1.1)(1.1)6.87.87.07.74.9Q3 17/18Q4 17/18²Q1 18/19Q2 18/19Q3 18/19•Europe similar: Italy better, Germany slightly slower, UK & Spain similar•RoW: decline in South Africa, good growth elsewhereReported (IAS18)Ex. UK handset financing IFRS 15 basis Europe ex. UK handset financing Rest of WorldRegions (%)Good progress on 2nd brand to address value segmentMarket porting activity returning to ‘pre-new entrant’ levelsItaly: competitive intensity moderatingMore-4-More price actions mitigating ARPU dilution-4.6%Service revenue growth (Q2 -6.3%)Vodafone mobile net ports (000s)Strong Fixed momentum~1 million customers on ‘ho.’Prepaid ARPU -3.3% (Q2 -5.1%) 50% lower in December than Q2 peak +78k broadband net adds, price increase(151)(313)(158)(140)(13)(5)Q1 18/19Q2 18/19Q3 18/19Oct-18Nov-18Dec-18Spain: commercial performance stabilising(55)(103)(56)(44)(20)8(28)(79)(38)(20)(13)(5)Q1 18/19Q2 18/19Q3 18/19Oct-18Nov-18Dec-18Vodafone mobile contract net ports (000s)MobileFixedLowest ports to MásMóvil of main operators in Q3 ARPA dilution -4.9%Cessation of 50%-off, 12 month promos Consulting with unions in Jan/FebVodafone port neutral in DecemberMarket portability volumes reducing YoYBase adoption of new offers ongoingRadically simpler operating model announcedService revenue growth (Q2 -7.2%)-7.4%4.95.24.94.3(0.9)10.411.19.415.011.1Q3 17/18Q4 17/18Q1 18/19Q2 18/19 ¹ ²Q3 18/19Vodacom: slowdown in South Africa, strong growth in Internationals1.Underlying growth in Q2 18/19 excluding the impact of a one-off benefit relating to a change in revenue deferral policy for new ‘plus’ plans.+1.5%Service revenue growth (%)South Africa10.22.2Service revenue growth (Q2 +4.6%1)Data revenues -0.4% in SA (Q2 +3.9%) Potential for significant usage growth Including aggressive summer promotions Data and M-Pesa growthMacro weighs on usageData pricing transformation initiatives in South AfricaSpectrum auction expected to unlock additional capacityInternational markets remain strongInternationalsGermany: retail revenue growth, wholesale decline2.5 1.82.41.71.12.52.32.62.51.9Q3 17/18Q4 17/18¹Q1 18/19Q2 18/19Q3 18/19+1.1%Service revenue growth (%)Service revenueRetail (service revenue ex. wholesale)Mobile pricing pressure in large corporates/SoHo Mobile contract net adds +165k, broadband +73k Masked by wholesale MVNO/ FVNO decline 1Gbps now in 50% of cable footprintService revenue growth (Q2 +1.7%)Revenue slowdown due to business ARPURobust retail revenue growthContinued commercial momentumEnhancing fixed capabilityUK: maintaining commercial and financial momentum+0.9%1Mobile contract and broadband net adds (000s)Mobile contract 2Fixed broadbandChurn reducing: 1.2m ‘VeryMe’ loyalty scheme users Contract mobile ARPU -0.3%1Consumer service revenue +2.1%1Fixed service revenue +2.5%Service revenue growth (Q2 +1.1%1)Successful commercial initiativesGood customer growth in mobile and broadbandNew spend capping regulationBusiness fixed growth partly offset mobile pricing pressure416771041093866534446Q3 17/18Q4 17/18Q1 18/19Q2 18/19Q3 18/19Other Europe: continued strong growthPortugal +2.9%, Ireland +1.4%, Greece +3.0%12% of Group service revenue+2.2%Customer net adds (000s)Service revenue +0.6% ex MTRs Service revenue growth (Q2 +2.3%)Consistent service revenue growthThe fifth European Opco 1Romania under pressure due to regulation/unlimited offersSingle digit mobile churn in four markets125731101151652625181934Q3 17/18Q4 17/18Q1 18/19Q2 18/19Q3 18/19Leading Consumer and Enterprise NPSMobile contractFixed broadband+2.9+3.3+2.6+2.3+2.2Service revenue growth (%)•Lower mobile contract churn•Strong mobile and broadband customer growth•Stabilising portability in Italy and Spain •On track to deliver €400m netopex savings in FY 19•Initiatives for a radically simpleroperating model underway inthe UK & Spain•5G active network sharingin the UK•Strategic IBM Cloud partnership•Progressing Virtual TowercoQ3 18/19 progressCommercial momentum Digital transformation Asset utilisation€Full year guidance reiteratedSummary: executing with paceQ&AAppendixPro-forma European NGN footprint 112.8 3.010.2 2.87.23.211.06.46.112.811.828.10.3GermanyItalySpainUKPortugalVodafoneZiggo NLJVCEE¹120mHouseholds passed with NGN (incl. wholesale)71%Coverage54mHouseholds passed with own NGN32%Coverage1.Includes VodafoneZiggo and pro-forma adjustments for the announced acquisition of Liberty Global’s Unitymedia asset in Germany and UPC assets in Central and Eastern Europe 73%67%76%88%62%93%38%Household coverage (m)2OwnedStrategic partnership 3Acquired assetsWholesaleHousehold coverage%Impacts of IFRS 150.45.4(0.8)1.4(6.7)0.5(4.2)1.50.1 4.9(1.1) 1.5(7.4)0.9(4.6) 1.1GroupRoW Europe Vodacom Spain UK Italy GermanyQ3 18/19 (%)IAS 18 (ex. UK handset financing)IFRS 15Forward-looking statementThis presentation,along with any oral statements made in connection therewith,contains“forward-looking statements”including within the meaning of the US Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of1995with respect to the Group’s financial condition,results of operations and businesses and certain of the Group’s plans and objectives.In particular,such forward-looking statements include,but are not limited to,statements with respect to: expectations regarding the Group’s financial condition or results of operations;expectations for the Group’s future performance generally;expectations regarding the Group’s operating environment and market conditions and trends;intentions and expectations regarding the development,launch and expansion of products,services and technologies;growth in customers and usage;expectations regarding spectrum licence acquisitions;and expectations regarding,service revenue,adjusted EBITDA,free cash flow,capital expenditure, and foreign exchange movements.Forward-looking statements are sometimes,but not always,identified by their use of a date in the future or such words as“plans”,“targets”“gain”,“grow”,“continue”,“retain”or“accelerate”(including in their negative form).By their nature,forward-looking statements are inherently predictive,speculative and involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future.There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.These factors include,but are not limited to,the following:external cyber-attacks,insider threats or supplier breaches;changes in general economic or political conditions in markets served by the Group and changes to the associated legal, regulatory and tax environments;increased competition;increased disintermediation;the impact of investment in network capacity and the deployment of new technologies,products and services;rapid changes to existing products and services and the inability of new products and services to perform in accordance with expectation;the ability of the Group to integrate new technologies,products and services with existing networks,technologies,products and services;the Group’s ability to grow and generate revenue;a lower than expected impact of new or existing products,services or technologies on the Group’s future revenue,cost structure and capital expenditure outlays;slower than expected customer growth and reduced customer retention;changes in the spending patterns of new and existing customers and increased pricing pressure;the Group’s ability to expand its spectrum position or renew or obtain necessary licences and realise expected synergies and associated benefits;the Group’s ability to secure the timely delivery of high-quality products from suppliers;loss of suppliers,disruption of supply chains and greater than anticipated prices of new mobile handsets;changes in the costs to the Group of,or the rates the Group may charge for, terminations and roaming minutes;the impact of a failure or significant interruption to the Group’s telecommunications,networks,IT systems or data protection systems;changes in foreign exchange rates,as well as changes in interest rates;the Group’s ability to realise benefits from entering into acquisitions, partnerships or joint ventures and entering into service franchising,brand licensing and platform sharing or other arrangements with third parties;acquisitions and divestments of Group businesses and assets and the pursuit of new,unexpected strategic opportunities;the Group’s ability to integrate acquired businesses or assets;the extent of any future write-downs or impairment charges on the Group’s assets,or restructuring charges incurred as a result of an acquisition or disposition;the impact of legal or other proceedings against the Group or other companies in the mobile telecommunications industry;loss of suppliers or disruption of supply chains;developments in the Group’s financial condition,earnings and distributable funds and other factors that the Board takes into account when determining levels of dividends;the Group’s ability to satisfy working capital and other requirements;and/or changes in statutory tax rates and profit mix. Furthermore,a review of the reasons why actual results and developments may differ materially from the expectations disclosed or implied within forward-looking statements can be found under the headings“Risk factors”and“Other information–Forward-looking statements”in the Vodafone Group’s Half-Year Financial Report for the six months ended30September2018and“Forward-looking statements”and“Risk management”in the Group’s Annual Report for the year ended31March2018.The Half-Year Financial Report and the Annual Report can be found on the Group’s website(/investor).All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company,to any member of the Group or to any persons acting on their behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the factors referred to above.No assurances can be given that the forward-looking statements in or made in connection with this presentation will be realised.Any forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this presentation.Subject to compliance with applicable law and regulations,Vodafone does not intend to update these forward-looking statements and does not undertake any obligation to do so./investorFor definitions of terms please see /content/index/investors/glossary**************.uk +44 (0) 7919 990 230Contact usInterim dividend paid1 FebQ1IMS22 JulyPrelim results 14 May More informationVisit our website for more information2019 upcoming dates。
海螺塑钢型材大全
1.洞口尺寸：1500*1500 一体化尺寸：1500*1500（500+1000）2.型材损耗率为5%；3.海螺白色型材10500RMB/吨4.全色：白色+50RMB/m，5.覆膜型材：白色+120RMB/m，6.全色覆膜型材：白色+170RMB/m类型尺寸W*H轨道50系列外平开窗（带传动器）上固定下双外开单玻1500*1500(500+1000)50系列内平开窗上固定下双内开单玻1500*1500(500+1000)60系列外开窗上固定下双内开双玻1500*1500(500+1000)60系列外开窗（带传动器）上固定下双外开双玻1500*1500(500+1000)60系列内开窗上固定下双内开双玻1500*1500(500+1000)60-T系列内开窗上固定下双内开双玻1500*1500(500+1000)海螺型材成本表60-T系列外开窗1500*1500(500+1000)上固定下双外开双玻俄式60系列内开窗1500*1500(500+1000)上固定下内平开三玻璃俄式60系列内开窗双内开1500*1500三玻璃俄式60系列内开窗1500*1500(500+1000)上固定下单内开三玻法式60系列外平开窗1500*1500双外开双玻65系列内开窗1500*1500(500+1000)上固定下双内开三玻65系列内开窗1500*1500双内开三玻65系列内开窗上固定下单内开1500*1500(500+1000)三玻70系列内开窗1500*1500双内开三玻60系列推拉窗双扇推拉1500*1500二双玻60-T系列推拉窗1500*1500二双扇推拉双玻80系列推拉窗双扇推拉（带纱）1500*1500三双玻80系列推拉窗（带传动器）双扇推拉（带纱）1500*1500三双玻80系列推拉固定一体化窗上固定下推拉（带纱）1500*1500（500+1000）三双玻80系列推拉固定一体化窗（带传动器）上固定下推拉（带纱）1500*1500（500+1000）三双玻83系列推拉窗1500*1500三双扇推拉（带纱）双玻83系列推拉窗双扇推拉1500*1500三双玻88系列推拉窗1500*1500三双扇推拉（带纱）双玻88-T系列推拉窗1500*1500三双扇推拉(带纱）双玻88-T系列推拉窗1500*1500三双扇推拉双玻88四轨系列推拉窗1500*1500四双扇推拉双玻92系列推拉窗双扇推拉(带纱）1500*1500三双玻92系列推拉窗1500*1500三双扇推拉双玻95系列推拉窗1500*1500三双扇推拉（带纱）双玻85系列上下提升窗上下提升单玻用料表及型材比重总重kg/樘出材率1.平开框BR54NC：0.855kg/m；2.中梃UP68NC:0.946kg/m；16.0578140.12㎡/吨3.外开扇SF74：1.005kg/m；4.单玻璃压条GB26NC:0.215kg/m。
海螺产品系列介绍
王字中梃 SE70NC 1528g/m
扇 SF55NC 736g/m
扇（带传动器）SF66-37NC 876g/m
31
28
31
44 30.5 12 28
16.2 39
36
23
31 80
16.2 39
60 80
一体化框 FB80-1NC 660g/m
固定框 FB44-1NC 871g/m
扇SF55NC封盖 IL31NC 201g/m
70
70
70
53
53
41
73 38
框 BR67NC 1402g/m
中梃 SE90NC 1583g/m
外平开门扇 SF116NC 2127g/m
84
57
70
53
79
70
38
53
25
25 60
中梃 SE84NC 1483g/m
内平开扇 FR83NC 1663g/m
双玻压条 GL25NC 226g/m
53
纱扇 MF52NC 492g/m
50
88系列推拉窗
7 4 5 86
室内
型钢STU28 21.5 玻璃垫块 GDE35胶条
7
1
2 9
3
4+12A+4中空玻璃
AD30胶条 型钢ST30 17
8
型钢ST16.5 8.5 纱网
纱网压条
单玻GB34NC 双玻GB19NC SE72NC
BR58NC 铝滑轨
4
室内
61
49
38 85
31
27
42.5
边上框 HJ61NC 1664g/m
提升扇 SF49NC 681g/m
海螺型材米重表
代号
BR58NC BR74NC FL36NC FR104NC FR71-1NC FR71NC GB10NC GB15NC GB19NC GB31NC GB34NC KP72NC LP61NC MF45NC RP18NC RP45NC SE72NC SF104NC SF78NC ST61NC UP72NC CI37NC CI7NC CP135NC CP20-6NC CP20NC CP2-LNC CP2NC CP38NC CP6-LNC CP80NC FB44-1NC FB80-1NC GB20NC GB8NC HF80NC IL31NC IL36-37NC MF52NC SE62NC SE70NC SF55NC SF66-37NC SP60-1NC ADA88NC CI42NC CP24NC CP2-88NC CP28NC CP48NC CP88-LNC CP88NC FB51NC GB10NC GB25NC HF88NC HF88-LNC IL32NC MF41NC SF57NC SP66NC SP67NC TC88NC TP75NC
0.77
1.519 2.155 1.449 0.963
0.77 0.77
0.316 0.53 0.81 0.77
1.366 1.923
0.963 0.963
0.395 0.663 1.013 0.963 1.708 2.404
备注
海螺型材
ADA60NC ADA65NC BR54NC BR67NC BR70-MNC CI32NC CI50NC CO36NC CP2-73NC CP32NC CP33NC CP36NC CP40NC CP65NC CP6NC CP73NC CP73-RNC CP8-6NC CP90NC DF80NC EP28NC FR70NC FR79-MVNC FR83NC FS80NC GB11NC GB16-30NC GB16NC GB26-30NC GB26NC GL25NC HC150NC HF60NC HF73NC HF95NC HJ61NC IL27NC IL33NC IL36NC IL46NC IL49NC MF50NC MF60NC MM60NC MQ110NC MQ60NC MR60NC MR8NC PA205NC PA208NC PP100NC PP150NC PR39NC RF51NC RF55NC RF60NC RF65NC RF70NC RF72NC RF80NC SE60NC SE73NC SE84NC SE90NC SF116NC SF49NC
8.8级螺栓螺母材质报告单 -回复
8.8级螺栓螺母材质报告单-回复1. 引言（Introduction）- 介绍螺栓螺母材质报告单的背景和目的- 强调对于螺栓螺母材质的重要性和选择的关键因素2. 螺栓螺母的功能和应用（Function and Application of Bolts and Nuts）- 解释螺栓螺母在工程中的关键作用，承担连接和固定的职能- 强调材质选择对于螺栓螺母性能和可靠性的影响3. 选择合适材质的重要性（Importance of Choosing the Right Material）- 解释重要性：影响螺栓螺母的强度、耐蚀性、耐磨性等性能- 强调与工程要求和环境条件匹配的必要性4. 材质选择的关键因素（Key Factors in Material Selection）- 强调重要因素：强度、耐蚀性、耐磨性、温度范围、重量等- 介绍如何根据具体需求选择最合适的材质5. 8.8级螺栓螺母的材质特点（Material Characteristics of 8.8 Grade Bolts and Nuts）- 介绍8.8级螺栓螺母的强度和耐蚀性要求- 详细描述8.8级螺栓螺母常用的材质，如碳钢或合金钢6. 碳钢和合金钢的对比（Comparison between Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel）- 解释碳钢和合金钢的差异，如成分、强度、耐蚀性等- 比较两者的优缺点，以及在不同应用场景下的适用性7. 8.8级螺栓螺母的性能测试（Performance Testing of 8.8 Grade Bolts and Nuts）- 介绍如何对8.8级螺栓螺母的性能进行测试，如拉伸试验、冲击试验等- 强调测试结果对于材质选择和可靠性评估的重要性8. 结论（Conclusion）- 总结螺栓螺母材质报告单的内容和目的- 强调正确选择螺栓螺母材质的关键因素和影响- 提出进一步研究和改进的建议，如使用新型材料或更精确的测试方法9. 参考文献（References）- 列举用于撰写文章的参考文献，如相关期刊、专业书籍或可靠网站。
8.8等级高强度螺栓硬负载标准
8.8等级高强度螺栓硬负载标准引言在工程与制造领域中，高强度螺栓是一种常见的机械连接元件，其主要作用是将连接的构件固定在一起，以承受环境中的压力和载荷。
而8.8等级高强度螺栓硬负载标准，指的是这种螺栓的材料与性能质量等级，对于工程设计和结构建造具有重要作用。
本文将就8.8等级高强度螺栓硬负载标准进行全面评估，并探讨其在工程与制造领域中的应用和重要性。
1. 8.8等级高强度螺栓的材料与性能质量在对高强度螺栓进行选择时，“8.8”是一个重要的指标。
其中，“8”代表螺栓的拉伸强度等级，而“8”则代表螺栓的抗拉强度等级。
这意味着8.8等级的高强度螺栓在正常使用条件下，具有较高的拉伸强度和抗拉强度，能够承受更大的拉力和剪切力，从而保证连接的牢固性和可靠性。
2. 8.8等级高强度螺栓的应用范围在工程与制造领域中，8.8等级高强度螺栓广泛应用于汽车制造、机械设备、建筑工程和桥梁建设等领域。
汽车制造需要使用高强度螺栓来固定车辆的关键部件，以确保其在高速行驶和恶劣环境下的安全性能。
而在建筑工程中，高强度螺栓则被用于连接重要的结构构件，如梁柱和楼板等，以保证建筑物的整体稳固和安全。
3. 8.8等级高强度螺栓的重要性在工程结构中，螺栓连接是一种常见的机械连接方式，其质量和可靠性直接影响着整个结构的安全性和稳定性。
而8.8等级高强度螺栓的使用，则可以有效提高连接的承载能力和工作性能，减小了零部件的体积和重量，延长了零部件的使用寿命，提高了装配效率和降低成本。
这些因素都彰显了8.8等级高强度螺栓在工程与制造领域中的重要性。
4. 个人观点与理解在我看来，8.8等级高强度螺栓硬负载标准具有重要的实用价值和意义。
其高强度和可靠性不仅能够满足工程设计和结构建造的需求，而且可以提高设备的稳定性和整体性能。
在现代制造业的快速发展中，8.8等级高强度螺栓的应用也在不断创新和改进，以满足不同行业和领域的需求。
结论通过对8.8等级高强度螺栓硬负载标准的全面评估，我们可以清晰地了解其在工程与制造领域中的重要性和作用。
88结晶活性母料介绍
倍耐克88结晶活性母料一．应用作为水泥基渗透结晶材料的核心原料。
作为添加剂用于水泥基材料或水泥制品的防水和防护。
将结晶活性母料按水泥重量的1.5~6%掺入水泥中，可使水泥素浆、水泥砂浆和混凝土抗渗压力增强200~500倍，并防止其产生盐析、返碱现象，延长其使用寿命，同时又不会降低的强度。
二．封堵原理在水泥水化过程中，有水的情况下，活性分子溶于水，并随水带入空隙。
随着PH值下降，在水泥（硅酸盐）的催化下，活性质渗入水泥素浆（或水泥砂浆、混凝土）空穴中逐步聚合，产生结晶体，活性物质所产生的结晶体为松散性的针状组织，不能因渗透结晶而提高混凝土的强度，但大分子或高分子的结晶体含有较多的疏水基团，不仅对基层缺陷起到填充阻水作用，还因为结晶体的疏水性而大大增强了对液态水的抗渗性能。
因水泥的固化速度比活性材料的结晶速度快，所以有很大一部分活性并被封堵在水泥制品中并未聚合或只产生低聚现象，这样使水泥制品仍具有一定的活性，一旦水泥制品出现开裂，在潮湿或含水的情况下，其活性材料自动释放出来，可再次随水带入裂缝中逐渐进一步聚合产生稳定的结晶体以封堵水的通道，从而起到自动弥补缺陷的作用，防水性随时间增强，使防水能力达到最高。
三．结晶体的形成结晶活性母料中含有丰富的活性质（NaO—R—OH），分子量小，同时含有疏水基团（—R—）和亲水基团（—OH），其亲水性大于疏水性，可溶于水，在干燥环境中不发生缩聚结晶现象，而在潮湿环境中发生缩聚结晶现象，形成结晶体[（—O—R—）2n]反应式如下：nNaO—R—OH+ nNaO—R—OH→（—O—R—）2n + 2n NaOH2NaOH +CO2→ Na2CO3 + H2O由此可见，随着n的增大，结晶体[（—O—R—）2n]分子量增大，亲水基团少，疏水性大于亲水性，不溶于水，在基层缺陷处（裂纹或空隙）优先形成。
试验表明，纯活性质粉末质轻而刺鼻，易溶于水，水溶液呈强碱性，PH值≥12，活性质粉末在干燥的碱性（PH值＞7）环境中，稳定性好，不发生缩聚反应。
DB重型管缸螺纹 88系列产品说明书
2 50,8 2.48 63,1 100 0,7 50 0,3
Burst
Pressure
88DB
88HC
psi MPa psi MPa
1200 8 400 2,8
1000 7 280 1,9
800 6 200 1,4
600 4 200 1,4
400 3 200 1,4
811 Minimum Bend Radius inch mm 2·1/2 63,5 3 76,2 4 101,6 5 127 6 152,4
Before selecting or using any Parker hose or fittings or related accessories, it is important that you read and follow Parker Safety Guide for Selecting and Using Hose, Fittings, and Related Accessories (Parker Publication No. 4400-B.1).
Hose I.D. inch mm 3/4 19 1 25 1-1/4 31,5 1-1/2 38 2 51
"A" Hose O.D. inch mm 1.18 30 1.50 38 1.77 45 2.05 52 2.50 64
"B" Hose O.D. inch mm 1/4 6.35 3/8 9.53 3/8 9.53 1/2 12.7 1/2 12.7
This document and other information from Parker Hannifin Corporation, its subsidiaries and authorized distributors provide product and/or system options for further investigation by users having technical expertise. It is important that you analyze all aspects of your application and review the information concerning the product or system in the current product catalog. Due to the variety of operating conditions and applications for these products or systems, the user, through its own analysis and testing, is solely responsible for making the final selection of the products and systems and assuring that all performance, safety and warning requirements of the application are met.
Z-88ZAlloys产品数据表说明书
Z-88ZAlloys20-Ni, 24-CR, 55-FE, Oxid.392 (200).9020-Ni, 24-CR, 55-FE, Oxid.932 (500).9760-Ni , 12-CR, 28-FE, Oxid.518 (270).8960-Ni , 12-CR, 28-FE, Oxid.1040 (560).8280-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidized 212 (100).8780-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidized 1112 (600).8780-Ni, 20-CR, Oxidized 2372 (1300).89Aluminium Unoxidized 77 (25).02Unoxidized 212 (100).03Unoxidized 932 (500).06Oxidized 390 (199).11Oxidized 1110 (599).19Oxidized at 599°C (1110°F)390 (199).11Oxidized at 599°C (1110°F)1110 (599).19Heavily Oxidized 200 (93).20Heavily Oxidized 940 (504).31Highly Polished 212 (100).09Roughly Polished 212 (100).18Commercial Sheet 212 (100).09Highly Polished Plate 440 (227).04Highly Polished Plate 1070 (577).06Bright Rolled Plate 338 (170).04Bright Rolled Plate 932 (500).05Alloy A3003, Oxidized 600 (316).40Alloy A3003, Oxidized 900 (482).40Alloy 1100-0200-800 (93-427).05Alloy 24ST 75 (24).09Alloy 24ST, Polished 75 (24).09Alloy 75ST 75 (24).11Alloy 75ST, Polished 75 (24).08Bismuth, Bright 176 (80).34Bismuth, Unoxidized 77 (25).05Bismuth, Unoxidized 212 (100).06Brass73% Cu, 27% Zn, Polished 476 (247).0373% Cu, 27% Zn, Polished 674 (357).0362% Cu, 37% Zn, Polished 494 (257).0362% Cu, 37% Zn, Polished 710 (377).0483% Cu, 17% Zn, Polished 530 (277).03Matte 68 (20).07Burnished to Brown Colour 68 (20).40Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidized 392 (200).61Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidized 752 (400).60Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidized 1112 (600).61Unoxidized 77 (25).04Unoxidized 212 (100).04Cadmium 77 (25).02Carbon Lampblack 77 (25).95Unoxidized 77 (25).81Unoxidized 212 (100).81Unoxidized 932 (500).79Candle Soot 250 (121).95Filament 500 (260).95Graphitized 212 (100).76Graphitized 572 (300).75Graphitized 932 (500).71Chromium 100 (38).08Chromium 1000 (538).26Chromium, Polished 302 (150).06Cobalt, Unoxidized 932 (500).13Cobalt, Unoxidized 1832 (1000).23Columbium, Unoxidized 1500 (816).19Columbium, Unoxidized 2000 (1093).24CopperCuprous Oxide 100 (38).87Cuprous Oxide 500 (260).83Cuprous Oxide 1000 (538).77Black, Oxidized 100 (38).78Etched 100 (38).09Matte 100 (38).22Roughly Polished 100 (38).07Polished 100 (38).03Highly Polished 100 (38).02Rolled 100 (38).64Rough 100 (38).74Molten 1000 (538).15Molten 1970 (1077).16Molten 2230 (1221).13Nickel Plated 100-500 (38-260).37Dow Metal 0.4-600 (–18-316).15Gold Enamel 212 (100).37Plate (.0001)Plate on .0005 Silver 200-750 (93-399).11-.14Plate on .0005 Nickel 200-750 (93-399).07-.09Polished 100-500 (38-260).02Polished 1000-2000 (538-1093).03Haynes Alloy C, Oxidized 600-2000 (316-1093).90-.96Haynes Alloy 25, Oxidized 600-2000 (316-1093).86-.89Haynes Alloy X, Oxidized 600-2000 (316-1093).85-.88Inconel Sheet 1000 (538).28Inconel Sheet 1200 (649).42Inconel Sheet 1400 (760).58Inconel X, Polished 75 (24).19Inconel B, Polished 75 (24).21Iron Oxidized 212 (100).74Oxidized 930 (499).84Oxidized 2190 (1199).89Unoxidized 212 (100).05Red Rust 77 (25).70Rusted 77 (25).65Liquid 2760-3220 (1516-1771).42-.45Cast Iron Oxidized 390 (199).64Oxidized 1110 (599).78Unoxidized 212 (100).21Strong Oxidation 40 (104).95Strong Oxidation 482 (250).95Liquid 2795 (1535).29Wrought Iron Dull 77 (25).94Dull 660 (349).94Smooth 100 (38).35Polished 100 (38).28Lead Polished 100-500 (38-260).06-.08Rough 100 (38).43Oxidized 100 (38).43Oxidized at 1100°F 100 (38).63Gray Oxidized 100 (38).28Magnesium 100-500 (38-260).07-.13Magnesium Oxide1880-3140 (1027-1727).16-.20Mercury 32 (0).09"77 (25).10"100 (38).10"212 (100).12Molybdenum 100 (38).06"500 (260).08"1000 (538).11"2000 (1093).18" Oxidized at 1000°F 600 (316).80" Oxidized at 1000°F 700 (371).84" Oxidized at 1000°F 800 (427).84" Oxidized at 1000°F 900 (482).83" Oxidized at 1000°F 1000 (538).82Monel, Ni-Cu 392 (200).41Monel, Ni-Cu 752 (400).44Monel, Ni-Cu 1112 (600).46Monel, Ni-Cu Oxidized 68 (20).43Monel, Ni-Cu Oxid. at 1110°F1110 (599).46Nickel Polished 100 (38).05Oxidized 100-500 (38-260).31-.46Unoxidized 77 (25).05Unoxidized 212 (100).06Unoxidized 932 (500).12Unoxidized 1832 (1000).19Electrolytic 100 (38).04Electrolytic 500 (260).06Electrolytic 1000 (538).10Electrolytic 2000 (1093).16Nickel Oxide 1000-2000 (538-1093).59-.86Palladium Plate (.00005on .0005 silver)200-750 (93-399).16-.17Platinum 100 (38).05"500 (260).05"1000 (538).10Platinum, Black 100 (38).93"500 (260).96"2000 (1093).97" Oxidized at 1100°F 500 (260).07"1000 (538).11Rhodium Flash (0.0002on 0.0005 Ni)200-700 (93-371).10-.18SilverPlate (0.0005 on Ni)200-700 (93-371).06-.07Polished 100 (38).01"500 (260).02"1000 (538).03"2000 (1093).03SteelCold Rolled 200 (93).75-.85Ground Sheet 1720-2010 (938-1099).55-.61Polished Sheet 100 (38).07"500 (260).10"1000 (538).14Mild Steel, Polished 75 (24).10Mild Steel, Smooth 75 (24).12Mild Steel, Liquid 2910-3270 (1599-1793).28Steel, Unoxidized 212 (100).08Steel, Oxidized 77 (25).80Steel AlloysType 301, Polished 75 (24).27Type 301, Polished 450 (232).57Type 301, Polished 1740 (949).55Type 303, Oxidized 600-2000 (316-1093).74-.87Type 310, Rolled 1500-2100 (816-1149).56-.81Type 316, Polished 75 (24).28Type 316, Polished 450 (232).57Type 316, Polished 1740 (949).66Type 321200-800 (93-427).27-.32Type 321 Polished 300-1500 (149-815).18-.49Type 321 w/BK Oxide 200-800 (93-427).66-.76Type 347, Oxidized 600-2000 (316-1093).87-.91Type 350200-800 (93-427).18-.27Type 350 Polished 300-1800 (149-982).11-.35Type 446, Polished 300-1500 (149-815).15-.37Type 17-7 PH 200-600 (93-316).44-.51Type 17-7 PH Polished 300-1500 (149-815).09-.16Type C1020, Oxidized 600-2000 (316-1093).87-.91Type PH-15-7 MO 300-1200 (149-649).07-.19Stellite, Polished 68 (20).18Tantalum, Unoxidized 1340 (727).14"2000 (1093).19"3600 (1982).26"5306 (2930).30Tin, Unoxidized 77 (25).04"212 (100).05Tinned Iron, Bright 76 (24).05"212 (100).08Material Temp °F (°C)ε–EmissivityMaterialTemp °F (°C)ε–EmissivityMaterial Temp °F (°C)ε–EmissivityMETALSThese tables are presented for use as a guide when making infrared temperature measurements with the OMEGASCOPE ®or other infrared pyrometers. The total emissivity (ε) for Metals,Non-metals and Common Building Materials are given.Since the emissivity of a material will vary as a function oftemperature and surface finish, the values in these tables should be used only as a guide for relative or delta measurements.The exact emissivity of a material should be determined when absolute measurements are required.Table of Total EmissivityZ-89TitaniumAlloy C110M, Polished 300-1200 (149-649).08-.19" Oxidized at538°C (1000°F)200-800 (93-427).51-.61Alloy Ti-95A, Oxid. at538°C (1000°F)200-800 (93-427).35-.48Anodized onto SS 200-600 (93-316).96-.82Tungsten Unoxidized 77 (25).02Unoxidized 212 (100).03Unoxidized 932 (500).07Unoxidized 1832 (1000).15Unoxidized 2732 (1500).23Unoxidized 3632 (2000).28Filament (Aged)100 (38).03Filament (Aged)1000 (538).11Filament (Aged)5000 (2760).35Uranium Oxide 1880 (1027).79ZincBright, Galvanized 100 (38).23Commercial 99.1%500 (260).05Galvanized 100 (38).28Oxidized 500-1000 (260-538).11Polished 100 (38).02Polished 500 (260).03Polished 1000 (538).04Polished 2000 (1093).06MaterialTemp °F (°C)ε–EmissivityMaterial Temp °F (°C)ε–EmissivityMaterial Temp °F (°C)ε–EmissivityMETALSAdobe68 (20).90AsbestosBoard 100 (38).96Cement32-392 (0-200).96Cement, Red 2500 (1371).67Cement, White 2500 (1371).65Cloth 199 (93).90Paper 100-700 (38-371).93Slate68 (20).97Asphalt, pavement 100 (38).93Asphalt, tar paper 68 (20).93Basalt68 (20).72BrickRed, rough 70 (21).93Gault Cream 2500-5000 (1371-2760).26-.30Fire Clay 2500 (1371).75Light Buff 1000 (538).80Lime Clay 2500 (1371).43Fire Brick 1832 (1000).75-.80Magnesite, Refractory 1832 (1000).38Gray Brick 2012 (1100).75Silica, Glazed 2000 (1093).88Silica, Unglazed 2000 (1093).80Sandlime 2500-5000 (1371-2760).59-.63Carborundum 1850 (1010).92CeramicAlumina on Inconel 800-2000 (427-1093).69-.45Earthenware, Glazed 70 (21).90Earthenware, Matte 70 (21).93Greens No. 5210-2C 200-750 (93-399).89-.82Coating No. C20A 200-750 (93-399).73-.67Porcelain 72 (22).92White Al 2O 3200 (93).90Zirconia on Inconel 800-2000 (427-1093).62-.45Clay 68 (20).39" Fired 158 (70).91" Shale 68 (20).69" Tiles, Light Red 2500-5000 (1371-2760).32-.34" Tiles, Red 2500-5000 (1371-2760).40-.51" Tiles,Dark Purple 2500-5000 (1371-2760).78Concrete Rough 32-2000 (0-1093).94Tiles, Natural 2500-5000 (1371-2760).63-.62" Brown 2500-5000 (1371-2760).87-.83" Black 2500-5000 (1371-2760).94-.91Cotton Cloth 68 (20).77Dolomite Lime 68 (20).41Emery Corundum 176 (80).86Glass Convex D 212 (100).80Convex D 600 (316).80Convex D 932 (500).76Nonex 212 (100).82Nonex 600 (316).82Nonex 932 (500).78Smooth32-200 (0-93).92-.94Granite 70 (21).45Gravel 100 (38).28Gypsum 68 (20).80-.90Ice, Smooth 32 (0).97Ice, Rough32 (0).98Lacquer Black 200 (93).96Blue, on Al Foil 100 (38).78Clear, on Al Foil (2 coats)200 (93).08 (.09)Clear, on Bright Cu 200 (93).66Clear, on Tarnished Cu 200 (93).64Red, on Al Foil (2 coats)100 (38).61 (.74)White 200 (93).95White, on Al Foil (2 coats)100 (38).69 (.88)Yellow, on Al Foil (2 coats)100 (38).57 (.79)Lime Mortar 100-500 (38-260).90-.92Limestone 100 (38).95Marble, White 100 (38).95" Smooth, White 100 (38).56" Polished Gray 100 (38).75Mica 100 (38).75Oil on Nickel 0.001 Film 72 (22).270.002 "72 (22).460.005 "72 (22).72Thick "72 (22).82Oil, LinseedOn Al Foil, uncoated 250 (121).09On Al Foil, 1 coat 250 (121).56On Al Foil, 2 coats 250 (121).51On Polished Iron, .001 Film 100 (38).22On Polished Iron, .002 Film 100 (38).45On Polished Iron, .004 Film 100 (38).65On Polished Iron, Thick Film 100 (38).83PaintsBlue, Cu 2O 375 (24).94Black, CuO 75 (24).96Green, Cu 2O 375 (24).92Red, Fe 2O 375 (24).91White, Al 2O 375 (24).94White, Y 2O 375 (24).90White, ZnO 75 (24).95White, MgCO 375 (24).91White, ZrO 275 (24).95White, ThO 275 (24).90White, MgO 75 (24).91White, PbCO 375 (24).93Yellow, PbO 75 (24).90Yellow, PbCrO 475 (24).93Paints, Aluminium 100 (38).27-.6710% Al 100 (38).5226% Al100 (38).30Dow XP-310200 (93).22Paints, BronzeLow .34-.80Gum Varnish (2 coats)70 (21).53Gum Varnish (3 coats)70 (21).50Cellulose Binder (2 coats)70 (21).34Paints, Oil All colors 200 (93).92-.96Black200 (93).92Black Gloss70 (21).90Camouflage Green 125 (52).85Flat Black 80 (27).88Flat White 80 (27).91Gray-Green 70 (21).95Green200 (93).95Lamp Black 209 (98).96Red 200 (93).95White200 (93).94Quartz, Rough, Fused 70 (21).93Glass, 1.98 mm 540 (282).90Glass, 1.98 mm 1540 (838).41Glass, 6.88 mm 540 (282).93Glass, 6.88 mm 1540 (838).47Opaque 570 (299).92Opaque 1540 (838).68Red Lead 212 (100).93Rubber, Hard74 (23).94Rubber, Soft, Gray 76 (24).86Sand68 (20).76Sandstone100 (38).67Sandstone, Red 100 (38).60-.83Sawdust 68 (20).75Shale68 (20).69Silica,Glazed 1832 (1000).85Silica, Unglazed 2012 (1100).75Silicon Carbide 300-1200 (149-649).83-.96Silk Cloth 68 (20).78Slate100 (38).67-.80Snow, Fine Particles 20 (–7).82Snow, Granular 18 (–8).89Soil Surface 100 (38).38Black Loam 68 (20).66Plowed Field 68 (20).38SootAcetylene 75 (24).97Camphor 75 (24).94Candle 250 (121).95Coal68 (20).95Stonework 100 (38).93Water100 (38).67Waterglass 68 (20).96WoodLow .80-.90Beech P!aned 158 (70).94Oak, Planed 100 (38).91Spruce, Sanded100 (38).89Material Temp °F (°C)ε–EmissivityMaterial Temp °F (°C)ε–EmissivityMaterialTemp °F (°C)ε–EmissivityNON-METALSTable of Total Emissivity Cont’dCANADA www.omega.ca Laval(Quebec) 1-800-TC-OMEGA UNITED KINGDOM www. Manchester, England0800-488-488GERMANY www.omega.deDeckenpfronn, Germany************FRANCEwww.omega.fr Guyancourt, France088-466-342BENELUX www.omega.nl Amstelveen, NL 0800-099-33-44UNITED STATES 1-800-TC-OMEGA Stamford, CT.CZECH REPUBLIC www.omegaeng.cz Karviná, Czech Republic596-311-899TemperatureCalibrators, Connectors, General Test and MeasurementInstruments, Glass Bulb Thermometers, Handheld Instruments for Temperature Measurement, Ice Point References,Indicating Labels, Crayons, Cements and Lacquers, Infrared Temperature Measurement Instruments, Recorders Relative Humidity Measurement Instruments, RTD Probes, Elements and Assemblies, Temperature & Process Meters, Timers and Counters, Temperature and Process Controllers and Power Switching Devices, Thermistor Elements, Probes andAssemblies,Thermocouples Thermowells and Head and Well Assemblies, Transmitters, WirePressure, Strain and ForceDisplacement Transducers, Dynamic Measurement Force Sensors, Instrumentation for Pressure and Strain Measurements, Load Cells, Pressure Gauges, PressureReference Section, Pressure Switches, Pressure Transducers, Proximity Transducers, Regulators,Strain Gages, Torque Transducers, ValvespH and ConductivityConductivity Instrumentation, Dissolved OxygenHeatersBand Heaters, Cartridge Heaters, Circulation Heaters, Comfort Heaters, Controllers, Meters and SwitchingDevices, Flexible Heaters, General Test and Measurement Instruments, Heater Hook-up Wire, Heating Cable Flow and LevelAir Velocity Indicators, Doppler Flowmeters, LevelMeasurement, Magnetic Flowmeters, Mass Flowmeters,Pitot Tubes, Pumps, Rotameters, Turbine and Paddle Wheel Flowmeters, Ultrasonic Flowmeters, Valves, Variable Area Flowmeters, Vortex Shedding FlowmetersData AcquisitionAuto-Dialers and Alarm Monitoring Systems, Communication Products and Converters, Data Acquisition and Analysis Software, Data LoggersPlug-in Cards, Signal Conditioners, USB, RS232, RS485 and Parallel Port Data Acquisition Systems, Wireless Transmitters and Receivers。
88级螺栓硬度标准
88级螺栓硬度标准
本标准规定了88级螺栓的硬度标准，包括抗拉强度和抗剪强度两个方面。
1. 抗拉强度
抗拉强度是衡量螺栓材料在拉伸载荷作用下的力学性能指标。
根据标准规定，88级螺栓的抗拉强度应不小于800MPa。
在测试抗拉强度时，一般采用拉伸试验的方法。
将螺栓样品放入拉伸试验机中，逐渐加载拉伸载荷，直到螺栓断裂或达到规定的抗拉强度值。
通过测量最大拉力和试样的原始横截面积，可以计算出抗拉强度。
2. 抗剪强度
抗剪强度是衡量螺栓材料在剪切载荷作用下的力学性能指标。
根据标准规定，88级螺栓的抗剪强度应不小于560MPa。
在测试抗剪强度时，一般采用剪切试验的方法。
将螺栓样品放入剪切试验机中，逐渐加载剪切载荷，直到螺栓断裂或达到规定的抗剪强度值。
通过测量最大剪切力和试样的原始横截面积，可以计算出抗剪强度。
需要注意的是，88级螺栓的硬度标准与抗拉强度和抗剪强度之间存在一定的关系。
一般来说，螺栓的硬度值越高，其抗拉强度和抗剪强度也越高。
但是，硬度值过高可能导致螺栓脆性增加，降低其韧性。
因此，在选择88级螺栓时，需要根据实际应用场景和力学性能要求综合考虑硬度值和其他力学性能指标。
型钢课程设计
型钢课程设计一、教学目标本课程的教学目标是使学生掌握型钢的基本知识、性质和应用，培养学生的实际工程能力和创新意识。
具体目标如下：1.知识目标：（1）了解型钢的定义、分类和特点；（2）掌握型钢的力学性能和工艺性能；（3）熟悉型钢在工程结构中的应用。
2.技能目标：（1）能够正确识别各种型钢；（2）能够根据工程需求选择合适的型钢；（3）能够运用型钢的基本知识解决实际工程问题。
3.情感态度价值观目标：（1）培养学生对型钢行业的兴趣和热情；（2）培养学生工程责任感和创新意识；（3）培养学生团队协作和沟通交流能力。
二、教学内容本课程的教学内容主要包括以下几个方面：1.型钢的基本概念：介绍型钢的定义、分类和特点，让学生了解型钢的基本知识。
2.型钢的力学性能：讲解型钢的抗拉性能、抗压性能、抗弯性能、抗剪性能等，使学生掌握型钢的力学性能指标。
3.型钢的工艺性能：介绍型钢的加工工艺、连接方式等，培养学生对型钢工艺性能的认识。
4.型钢在工程结构中的应用：分析型钢在建筑、桥梁、隧道等工程结构中的应用实例，让学生了解型钢的实际工程应用。
5.工程案例分析：选取具有代表性的工程案例，让学生运用所学知识分析实际工程问题。
三、教学方法本课程采用多种教学方法，以激发学生的学习兴趣和主动性：1.讲授法：讲解型钢的基本概念、性质和应用，使学生掌握基本知识。
2.讨论法：学生讨论型钢在工程中的应用实例，培养学生解决实际问题的能力。
3.案例分析法：分析具有代表性的工程案例，让学生学会运用型钢知识分析实际工程。
4.实验法：安排学生参观型钢实验室，直观了解型钢的实物和性能。
四、教学资源本课程的教学资源包括：1.教材：选用权威、实用的型钢教材，为学生提供系统、科学的学习材料。
2.参考书：推荐学生阅读相关参考书籍，丰富学生的知识体系。
3.多媒体资料：制作课件、视频等多媒体资料，提高课堂教学效果。
4.实验设备：为学生提供型钢实验设备，便于学生进行实验操作和观察。