英语构词法 复合词

• B. adjective +noun
• full moon :full +moon clearway(超速道路) ：clear +way easy-chair（安乐椅）:easy +chair • redhead :red +head • freshwater :fresh +water • hardwood :hard +wood • grandfather :grand +father
• Examples:
1. Please request a four-foot table. ('Four-foot' is an adjective describing the table. A hyphen is used to link 'four' and 'foot' to show that it is one adjective.) 2. It is a 6-page document.
• •
1.adj+noun+ -ed
warm-hearted bad-tempered fresh-faced white-haired warm-blooded light-hearted light-fingered slow-footed good-natured iron-willed kind-hearted sweet-tempered middle-aged short-sighted cold-blooded light-headed头晕 open-minded cross-eyed sharp-eyed red-lipped
• washing machine running water working class ruling class • writing desk writing paper • chewing gum reading lamp • waiting list • diving－board跳板 • driving license驾驶执照 • landing card登陆卡
bookkeeping
• F. adverb + noun
• • • • onlooker under-clothes upgrade underworld overcoat bystander (旁观者） after-effect overburden downfall (垮台，大雨，衰败）
• G. adverb + verb • Over(结束）throw input output outlet • upset(翻倒，混乱） upturn • Upstart onflow(湍流） • outbreak outcome
• blackboard :black +board • software :soft +ware(制品；器具；货物 ) freshman :fresh +man • shorthand(速记）:short +hand • deadline :dead +line
• wasteland :waste +land
• E. Noun + verb /（-ing）
• sunrise • nightfall toothpick • fruit picking • coal－mining • bird－watching • handwriting haircut Snowfall surfride lorry driving开运货汽车 weightlifting
classification
• Compound Nouns • Compound adjectives • Compound Verbs
Compound Nouns
• A compound noun is a noun that is made with two or more words. • Each compound noun acts as a single unit and can be modified by adjectives.
Be careful !
• • • • • • • • • dead president busybody mad doctor =The Psychiatrist confidence man dressing room horse sense capital idea familiar talk white man Greek gift
the sergeant major （军士 长）
a mother-in-law an assistant secretary of state
some sergeants major
Two mothers-in-law three assistant secretaries of state
my toothbrush
• A. noun +noun ：
• honeybee :honey +bee housework :house +work • dinning room : dinning +room • kingship :king +ship • snowman :snow +man • snowball :snow +ball • snowfall :snow +fall • boyhood ：boy +hood • hitchhiker: hitch +hiker • skyjacker : sky +jacker
• • • • • • •
C. Verb +noun: breakfast driveway jump suit(跳伞服） swearword playboy pick pocket
breakwater chat room work experience
• D verb(-ing) +noun：
a woman-doctor a doctor of philosophy a passerby, a passer-by
our toothbrushes
four women-doctors two doctors of philosophy two passersby, two passers-by
three forms for compound nouns
• 1.open or spaced - space between words (tennis shoe) • 2.hyphenated - hyphen between words (six-minute) • 3.closed or solid - no space or hyphen between words (bedroom ）
3.Claire worked as a part-time keeper at the park. 4.That is an all-too-common mistake.
•
• •
doggerel
The warm-hearted man bought a ready-made
toy (热心的人儿买个现成的玩具)； The hard-working man produced a hand-made toy (勤劳的人儿做个手工的玩具)； The good-looking man loves to eat fat-free food (相貌堂堂的人喜欢低脂食品)； The peace-loving man loves to be well-behaved (热爱和平的人喜爱彬彬有礼)； The one-eyed man was born a baby-faced one (独眼的男子天生有张娃娃脸)； The low-cost journey must be a seven-day one (低成本的旅游当数七日游).
• football :foot +ball daydream :day +dream • shoelace :shoe +lace • weekend :week +end • classroom :class +room • fire-fly（萤火虫）:fire +fly • boy/girl friend :boy/girl +friend policeman :police +man
definition
• compound: In linguistics, a compound
consists of more than one stem. Compounding refers to the faculty and device of language to form new words by combining or putting together. In other words, compound, compounding occurs when a person attaches two or more words together to make them one word.
Compound adjectives
http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMjQ3OTIwMTQ4.html
• 1.A compound adjective is basically an adjective phrase made up of two or more words that serve as a single adjective when used together. • 2.As a general rule, the words in a compound adjective are hyphenated when they come before a noun (a wellknown actor) but not when they come after (The actor is well known). • 3. Also, compound adjectives formed wi百度文库h an adverb ending in -ly (such as rapidly changing) are usually not hyphenated.
Compound noun quiz
• Using compound nouns, can you shorten the following phrases?
• 1.a room for stores • a storeroom • 2. the husband of my daughter • my son-in-law • 3. two periods of three months • two three-month periods
Plural forms of compound nouns
singular In general we make the plural of a compound noun by adding -s to the "base word" (the most "significant" word). Look at these examples: a tennis shoe one assistant headmaster plural three tennis shoes five assistant headmasters
• Verb+ preposition :
• check-out /in get-together take-off
• Noun+ prepositional phrase • mother/father-in-law
• Pronunciation
Compound nouns tend to have more stress on the first word. Stress is important in compound nouns. • a 'greenhouse = place where we grow plants (compound noun) a green 'house = house painted green (adjective and noun) a 'bluebird = type of bird (compound noun) a blue 'bird = any bird with blue feathers (adjective and noun