2012年江苏高考英语试卷及答案解析

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2012年江苏省高考英语试卷解析

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语答案解析第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）21. 【考点】名词词义辨析【答案】C【解析】句意为：——我可以帮你吗？——我感激你的提议“offer”，但我自己能设法做的。

offer意为“提议”，符合题意。

A意为“建议，劝告”；B意为“问题”；D意为“想法，主意”。

【难度】一般22. 【考点】定语从句—关系代词【答案】B【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。

故选B项。

【举一反三】由who引导的定语从句关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。

如：A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.教师是传授知识的人。

（关系代词在从句中作主语）The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。

（关系代词who在从句中作主语）【难度】一般23. 【考点】代词辨析—neither/ none【答案】D【解析】句意为：Sophia等候答复，但没有任何答复。

根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，所以排除A项和B项。

neither意为“两者都不”；none意为“三者或三者以上都不”。

根据前半句中的“a reply”提示可知，故选D项。

【难度】一般24. 【考点】交际用语—安慰【答案】A【解析】句意为：——妈妈，别担心。

医生说只是流感。

——我可以松口气了。

我要告诉爸爸没有什么严重的。

A项意为“可以松口气了”，符合语境。

B项意为“祝贺”；C项意为“多么令人惊讶啊”；D项意为“我很抱歉”。

根据句意，应选A项。

【难度】一般25. 【考点】特殊句式—反义问句【答案】A【解析】根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。

2012年高考江苏英语试卷解析(精析word版)-教师版

【试题总体说明】整张试卷充分体现了新课标的理念，给英语教学指明了方向，不失为一份比较成功的试卷。

听力题沿用了全国命题的材料，话题涉及购物、餐饮、度假等，与平时训练材料一致。

语速与去年相仿，材料基本上从短到长。

最后一段改用了对话，替代了以前的独白。

单项填空比以往更重生活实际，语言简洁明了，有效诠释了语法在交际中的语用功能。

同去年有所不同的是，减少了词汇辨析题，增加了一道交际题和反义疑问句考题(25道)。

完形填空第一次改变了文体，由原先夹叙夹议、叙述为主的文章，变成了一篇纯议论文，长句、难句明显增多，没有故事与情节，从而大大增加了难度。

阅读理解篇改变了顺序，应用文放在了第一篇。

其次是创新，原先的猜词题变成了猜短语与猜句子。

任务型阅读难度与去年接近，但词性变化题、理解题较多，考生不易把握。

书面表达是一篇表格类的看图作文，要求以冲突为话题，描述给定情境，分析现象并提出建议。

话题贴近时代，贴近生活，贴近学生，提示内容少，发挥空间大，考生有话可写，体现了新课标背景下的命题方向。

第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20 分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5 小题;每小题1 分,满分5分)听下面5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?A. ￡19. 15.B. ￡9. 15.C. ￡9. 18.答案是B。

第二节(共15 小题;每小题1 分,满分15 分)听下面5 段对话。

每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5 秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5 秒钟的做答时间。

每段对话读两遍。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江苏卷英语

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江苏卷（英语）解析版第Ⅰ卷（选择题共50分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。

听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将您的答案转涂到客观答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下小题，每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. ξ19.15.B. ξ9.15.C. ξ9.18答案是B。

1.Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroomC. In a library2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20B. 7:15C.7:003.What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. T heir friend Jane.B. A weekend tripC.A radio programme4.What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a trainB. See the man offC. Go shopping5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late deliveryB. She went to the wrong placeC. She couldn’t take the cake back第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出的最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2012年高考试题——英语(江苏卷)解析版

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语第Ⅰ卷（选择题共50分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。

听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将您的答案转涂到客观答题卡上。

例：How much is the shirt?A. ξ19.15.B. ξ9.15.C. ξ9.18答案是B。

1.Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroomC. In a library2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20B. 7:15C.7:003.What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend tripC.A radio programme4.What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a trainB. See the man offC. Go shopping5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late deliveryB. She went to the wrong placeC. She couldn’t take the cake back 第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出的最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2012年高考英语(江苏卷)含答案

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。

请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.短小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。

第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20 分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5 小题;每小题1 分,满分5分)听下面5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20B. 7:15.C. 7:003. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn’t take the cake back.第二节(共15 小题;每小题1 分,满分15 分)听下面5 段对话。

2012年高考英语江苏卷-答案

2012普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语答案解析第一部分听力略第二部分英语知识运用21.【答案】C【解析】名词的词义辨析。

advice“建议，忠告”；question“问题，询问”；offer“提议，好意”；idea“主意，想法”。

根据句意，故选C。

【考点】名词的词义辨析。

22.【答案】B【解析】分析句子成分可知此句为定语从句，各先行词people代入定语从句后为：people urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive，可知先行词在从句中作主语，所以排除C项；what不能引导定语从句，故排除D项；因为先行词为“人”，所以排除A项。

故答案为B项。

【考点】关系代词。

23.【答案】D【解析】根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，所以排除A、B两项。

neither意为“两者都不”；none意为“三者或三者以上都不”。

根据前半句中的“a reply”提示可知，选D项。

【考点】不定代词。

24.【答案】A【解析】A真让人轻松；B恭喜你！C真让人惊讶；D对不起；根据句中上下文的理解，应该是让人觉得轻松的事情，所以选择A。

【考点】感叹句。

25.【答案】A【解析】反问时，应和主句的主语保持一致。

这句话和There is little doubt一致，little“几乎没有”是否定词，遵循前否后肯的原则，反意问句用is there？故选A。

【考点】反义疑问句。

26.【答案】D【解析】A项run off with表示“与某人私奔，偷走”；B项run up against表示“遭遇（困难）”；C项run out of表示“用完，耗尽”；D项run away with表示“躲开，躲避，回避（责任等）”；根据句意，D项与题意相符。

故答案选D。

【考点】动词短语。

27.【答案】B【解析】分析句子成分可知，本题是同位语从句，中心名词notice和同位语从句“the meeting would be postponed”虽然被分隔开来，增加了试题难度，但前后仍然是解释说明关系，从句成分齐全，故选用that，选择B。

2012年江苏省高考英语试卷解析版

2012年江苏省高考英语试卷解析版参考答案与试题解析第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上．录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上．1．（1分）Where does this conversation probably take place（发生）？A．In the hostipal．B．In a classroomC．In a library．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略2．（1分）At what time will the film begin？A.7：20B.7：15C.7：00．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略3．（1分）What are the two speakers mainly talking about？A．Their friend Jane．B．A weekend trip．C．A radio programme．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略4．（1分）What will the woman probably do？A．Catch a train． B．See the man off． C．Go shopping．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略5．（1分）Why did the woman apologize？A．She made a late delivery．B．She went to the wrong place．C．She couldn't take the cake back．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略6．（2分）听第6段材料，回答第6、7题．6．Whose CD is broken？A．Kathy's．B．Mum's．C．Jack's．7．What does the boy promise to do for the girl？A．Buy her a new CD．B．Do some cleaning．C．Give her 10 dollars．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】CB【点评】略7．（2分）（1）What did the man think of the meal？A．Just so﹣so．B．Quite satisfactory．C．A bit disappointing．（2）What was the 15% on the bill paid for？A．The food．B．The drinks．C．The service．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】BC【点评】略8．（3分）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题．10．Why is the man at the shop？A．To order a camera for his wife．B．To have a camera repaired．C．To get a camera changed．11．What colour does the man want？A．Pink． B．Black． C．Orange．12．What will the man do afterwards？A．Make a phone call．B．Wait until further notice．C．Come again the next day．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】CAB【点评】略9．（4分）听第9段材料，回答第13至16题．13．What would Joe probably do during the Thanksgiving holiday？A．Go to a play． B．Stay at home． C．Visit Kingston．14．What is Ariel going to do in Toronto？A．Attend a party． B．Meet her aunt． C．See a car show15．Why is Ariel in a hurry to leave？A．To call up Betty． B．To buy some DVDs C．To pick up Daniel．16．What might be the relationship between the speakers？A．Classmates． B．Fellow workers． C．Guide and tourist．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】BACB【点评】略10．（4分）听第10 段材料，回答第17至20 题．17．Where does Thomas Manning work？A．In the Guinness Company．B．At a radio station．C．In a museum．18．Where did the idea of a book of records come from？A．A bird﹣shooting trip．B．A visit to Europe．C．A television talk show．19．When did Sir Hugh's first book of records appear？A．In 1875．B．In 1950．C．In 1955．20．What are the two speakers going to talk about next？A．More records of unusual facts．B．The founder of the company．C．The oldest person in the world．【考点】17：短文理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．11．（1分）﹣Can I help you with it？﹣I appreciate your _______，but I can manage it myself．（）A．advice B．question C．offer D．idea【考点】35：名词的词义辨析．【分析】﹣﹣我可以帮你吗？﹣﹣我感激你的好意，但我自己能行．【解答】答案C．考查名词的词义辨析．advice"建议，忠告"；question"问题，询问"；offer"提议，好意"；idea"主意，想法"．根据句意，故选C．【点评】把握具体语境，推敲出最佳答案．12．（1分）After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，_______urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive．（）A．which B．who C．where D．what【考点】59：关系代词．【分析】洪灾过后，那个地区的人们正在受苦．为了生存，他们急需干净的水、药品和住所．【解答】答案B．分析句子成分可知此句为定语从句，将先行词people代入定语从句后为：people urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive，可知先行词在从句中作主语，所以排除C项；what不能引导定语从句，故排除D项；因为先行词为"人"，所以排除A项．故答案为B项．【点评】做从句题时，首先看从句是否缺少成份，如果缺少就在关系代词里找引导词；如果不缺少成分，就在关系副词里选择引导词．13．（1分）Sophia waited for a reply，but _______came．（）A．either B．another C．neither D．none【考点】54：不定代词．【分析】Sophia等候答复，但没有任何答复．【解答】根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，所以排除A、B两项．neither意为"两者都不"；none意为"三者或三者以上都不"．根据前半句中的"a reply"提示可知，选D项．【点评】考查代词辨析：neither/none14．（1分）﹣Don't worry，Mum．The doctor said it was only the flu．﹣_______!I'll tell Dad there's nothing serious．（）A．What a relief B．CongratulationsC．How surprising D．I'm so sorry【考点】GA：感叹句．【分析】句意为：﹣﹣不要担心，医生说这只是一个感冒．﹣﹣真让人轻松！我告诉爸爸没有什么大不了的．【解答】答案：A考查感叹句在情景交际中的运用．A真让人轻松；B恭喜你！C真让人惊讶；D对不起；根据句中上下文的理解，应该是让人觉得轻松的事情，所以选择A．【点评】英语中日常交际用语比较多，诸如打电话、购物、问候、看医生等涉及到生活的方方面面．平时的英语学习要对这些场景所用的英语有一定的了解，知道各个场景下的习惯用语及固定句型．同时，也可以通过排除法对题目进行解答．15．（1分）There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，_______？（）A．is there B．isn't thereC．is he D．isn't he【考点】G8：反意疑问句．【分析】你几乎不怀疑他是无辜的，是吗？【解答】答案A．主从句的反意疑问句，反问时，应和主句的主语保持一致．这句话和There is little doubt一致，little"几乎没有"是否定词，遵循前否后肯的原则，反意问句用is there？故选：A．【点评】主从句的反意问句，反问时，应和主句的主语保持一致．但当主句是I think，I suppose，I believe，I imagine等时，反意问句是和从句决定．如果是否定前移，反意问句是肯定．16．（1分）﹣OK，I've had enough of it．I give up．﹣You can't _______your responsibilities．（）A．run off with B．run up againstC．run out of D．run away from【考点】A9：动词短语．【分析】句意：﹣﹣好了，我已经受够了，我选择放弃．﹣﹣你不能逃避你的责任．【解答】答案D．A项run off with表示"与某人私奔，偷走"；B项run up against表示"遭遇（困难）"；C项run outof 表示"用完，耗尽"；D项run away with表示"躲开，躲避，回避（责任等）"；根据句意，D项与题意相符．故答案选D．【点评】本题考查动词短语辨析．解答此类题目首先要读懂句意，其次要熟悉每个选项中动词短语的具体意思，然后根据语境具体定位正确短语．17．（1分）The notice came around two in the afternoon_______ the meeting would be postponed．（）A．when B．that C．whether D．how【考点】59：关系代词．【分析】通知说会议将推迟到下午两点左右．【解答】答案B．分析句子成分可知，本题是同位语从句，中心名词notice和同位语从句"the meeting would be postponed"虽然被分隔开来，增加了试题难度，但前后仍然是解释说明关系，从句成分齐全，故选用that，选择B．【点评】做这类题目时，要首先分析句子成分，是什么从句，再看从句中是否缺少成分，然后进行关系词的选择．18．（1分）Days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but _______say where he was．（）A．mustn't B．shouldn't C．wouldn't D．mightn't【考点】A6：情态动词．【分析】句意：几天之后，我弟弟打来电话说他一切都很好，可总是不愿意说出他到底在哪．【解答】答案C．选项A mustn't"禁止"；选项B shouldn't"不应该"；选项D mightn't"可能不（可能性较小）"选项C wouldn't"总是不，不愿意"．结合句子的意思"总是不愿意说出他到底在哪"，C项符合语境，故选C．【点评】本题考查情态动词．解答此类题目关键是要读懂句意，并且对每个情态动词的基本用法和特殊用法都要熟知，然后根据语境辨析锁定答案．19．（1分）﹣Thank God you're safe!﹣I stepped back，just _______ to avoid the racing car．（）A．in time B．in case C．in need D．in vain【考点】8B：介词短语．【分析】句意：﹣谢天谢地，我们终于安全了！﹣我向后退了一步，及时避开驶来的汽车．【解答】答案A．B选项"以防，万一"；C选项"需要"；D选项"徒劳"；A选项"及时；迟早"；A项符合语境，故选：A．【点评】本题考查介词短语辨析．解答此类题目首先要理解题干的意思，其次要知道各选项词组的意思，然后依次把各个选项意思放入句子中进行比较，不难选出正确答案．关键还是在平时学习的过程中，多积累多总结多记忆．20．（1分）One's life has value _______ one brings value to the life of others．（）A．so that B．no matter howC．as long as D．except that【考点】92：从属连词．【分析】句意：一个人的生命是有价值的，只要它给别人的生活带来价值．【解答】答案：C A项"以便，为了"；B项"无论怎样"；C项"只要"；D项"除…之外"．根据句意此处表示条件，as long as符合题意，故选：C．【点评】考查状语从句的连接词．只要弄清每个连接词的意思，再根据句意做出选择即可．21．（1分）_______an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later．（）A．Based B．Basing C．Base D．To base【考点】B3：现在分词．【分析】以情绪做出重要的决定而不是以原因，你迟早会后悔的．【解答】答案B 现在分词作状语．因为句子的主语you和动词base之间是主动关系．相当于条件状语从句 if you base…on…而A项表示被动，可用作be based on．C项只能作谓语；D项不定式，一般表示将要发生的动作．故选：B．【点评】考查现在分词作状语．主要看句子的主语和分词之间构成主动关系还是被动关系，如果是主动关系，就用现在分词，被动关系就用过去分词．22．（1分）The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _______ some European business partners．（）A．would meet B．is meeting C．meets D．had met【考点】E9：过去完成时．【分析】句意：据说经理在巴黎与欧洲的一些生意合作伙伴洽谈之后已经回来了．【解答】答案D．此题的突破口在"sb be said to have done sth"这个结构意思的理解上，意为"某人据说已经做过某事"．由语境可知，句中"经理从巴黎回来"是过去发生的动作，而从句中的动作是在他回来之前已经发生的，属于"过去的过去"行为，故用过去完成时，D项符合语境，故选D．【点评】本题考查时态的用法．解答此类题目的关键是要读懂句意，正确理解句中的固定结构，分析上下文的语境，判断时态，锁定答案．23．（1分）﹣Honey，the cat's stuck in the tree．Can you turn off the TV and get a ladder…？﹣Oh，it jumped off．_______．（）A．Never mind B．All right C．No problem D．Take care【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】句意：﹣﹣亲爱的，猫咪在树上下不来了，你能关掉电视把梯子拿来吗？﹣﹣它跳下来了，算了，不用了．【解答】答案A．B项"好的，对，行"通常用于1．作对方建议或劝告的应答语.2．作对方想法或请求的应答语．C项"没问题"；D项"当心，小心"；A项"没关系，不要担心"通常用于1．作道歉的回答"没关系，没什么".2．用来安慰某人"别着急，不要紧".3．谢绝别人的提供"不用啦，别费事了".4．用来否定某一想法或建议"算了"．根据句意：上句"猫咪在树上下不来了，你能关掉电视把梯子拿来吗"；下句"它跳下来了，算了，不用了"可知，A项符合语境，故选A．．【点评】本题考查情景交际．解答此类题目首先应该读懂句意，分析上下文语境和逻辑关系．其次对每个选项中的交际用语的适用情况要掌握，根据语境锁定正确答案．关键平时学习中要对交际用语多积累多总结反复记忆．24．（1分）The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he_______．（）A．has started B．startsC．started D．will start【考点】E2：一般过去时．【分析】总统希望在他离职的时候人们要比他上台的时侯要富裕一些．【解答】答案C．根据句意可知他已经是总统了，那么他上台是一个过去发生的事情，故使用一般过去时．故选：C．【点评】时态题的考查关键是抓住句子的上下文含义和句中的时间状语．要根据时间状语来选择合适的时态，在平时的学习中要注意积累有关时态的用法和各种时态的特殊之处．25．（1分）﹣Happy birthday!﹣Thank you!It's the best present I _______ for．（）A．should have wished B．must have wishedC．may have wished D．could have wished【考点】GJ：虚拟语气．【分析】句意：﹣﹣生日快乐！﹣﹣谢谢你！这很可能是我所能期望的最好的礼物了！【解答】答案：D．A．"should have wished"表示本应该期望而实际上并非如此 B．"must have wished"表示对过去的肯定推测，一定很希望．C．"may have wished"表示对过去可能性的推测，可能性比较小，或许（没准儿）很希望 D．"could have wished"表示很可能希望．根据句意可知，应该选D．【点评】本题考查虚拟语气．could have done 有两个意思：1．本可以做而没有做．2．表示可能性．本题倾向于第二个意思，表示这很可能是我期待的最好的礼物．很多同学对第二个意思不熟，故很容易做错．第二节：完形填空（共1小题；每小题20分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．26．（20分）The concept of solitude （独处）in the digital world is almost non﹣existent．In the world of digital technology，e﹣mail，social networking and online video games，information is meant to be（1）shared．Solitude can be hard to discover（2）once it has been given up．In this respect，new technologies have（3）shaped our culture．The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a（n）（4）end as we've known it．People have become so （5）reachable in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted （6）even if they'd rather not be．Today we can talk，text，e﹣mail，chat and blog （写博客），not only from our（7）computers，but from our mobile phones as well．Most developed nations have become （8）dependent on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it，and at this point not（9）using it would make them an outsider．（10）Also，many jobs and careers require people to be （11）connected．From this point of view，technology has changed the culture of work．Being reachable might feel like a（12）burden to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times．I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who （13）really wants it．Computers can be shut （14）down and mobile phones can be turned off．The ability to be"connected"and"on"has many （15）advantages，as well as disadvantages．Travelers have ended up （16）lost on mountains，and mobile phones have saved countless lives．They can also make people feel（17）trapped and forced to answer unwanted calls or（18）reply to unwanted texts．Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society（19）vary across generations．Some find today's technology a gift．Others consider it a curse．Regardless of anyone's view on the subject，it's hard to imagine what life would be like （20）without daily advancements in technology．（1）A．updated B．received C．shared D．collected（2）A．though B．until C．once D．before（3）A．respected B．shaped C．ignored D．preserved（4）A．edge B．stage C．end D．balance（5）A．sensitive B．intelligent C．considerate D．reachable（6）A．even if B．only if C．as if D．if only（7）A．media B．computers C．databases D．monitors（8）A．bent B．hard C．keen D．dependent（9）A．finding B．using C．protecting D．changing（10）A．Also B．Instead C．Otherwise D．Somehow（11）A．connected B．trained C．recommended D．interested（12）A．pleasure B．benefit C．burden D．disappointment（13）A．slightly B．hardly C．merely D．really（14）A．out B．down C．up D．in（15）A．aspects B．weaknesses C．advantages D．exceptions（16）A．hidden B．lost C．relaxed D．deserted（17）A．trapped B．excited C．confused D．amused（18）A．turn B．submit C．object D．reply（19）A．vary B．arise C．spread D．exist （20）A．beyond B．within C．despite D．without【考点】IK：科普知识与现代技术；L4：议论文．【分析】本文是一篇议论文，文章讲述了在数字世界里独处的概念几乎是不存在的，电子邮件，社交网络，网上视频游戏都可以共享，一旦我们失去了独处再找回来就很难了，接着讲述了数字世代对我们生活的影响，很多的发达国家对数字世界已经有了依赖性，因为他们已经习惯了．如果不用的话，他们就会成为一个局外人，对这一世代的变化，有的人是感觉非常幸运赶上了这样一个时代，而有的人则认为这样反而是一种压力，不管态度怎么样，我们难以想象如果没有这种先进的技术我们的生活将是什么样子．【解答】36． C 考查动词辨析．根据第一句话"The concept of solitude （独处）in the digital world is almostnon﹣existent．"在数码时代里，独处的概念几乎是不存在的"可知，此处表示信息是被共享的．故选C 项．37．C 考查连词辨析．根据上下无奈语境，一旦被放弃孤独是很难发现的．once意为"一旦"，符合语境．though意为"尽管"；until意为"直到"；before意为"在…之前"．都不符合题意．故选C．38．B 考查动词辨析．根据上下文，句意：在这方面，新技术塑造着我们的未来．respect意为"尊重"；shape意为"塑造，使成形"；ignore意为"忽视"；preserve意为"保护"．根据语境可知，应选B项．39． C 考查动词辨析．根据本句中的connect（连接）可知，此处表示终止孤独．end意为"结束，终止"，符合语境．故选C．40． D 考查形容词辨析．根据后半句"and connections that one can oftenbe contacted 41 they'd rather not be．人们能够经常被联系"可知，在网络连接世界中，人们已经变得如此地可达到．reachable意为"可达到的，可获得的"，符合语境．故选D．41．A 考查连词辨析．根据上下文可推知，在网络连接世界中，人们已经变得如此地可达到以致即使不愿意被联系，也可能经常被联系．根据语境可知，应选A项．even if意为"即使"；only if意为"只要"；as if意为"似乎"；if only意为"要是…该多好"．故选A．42． B 考查名词辨析．根据上文中的network可知，交谈、发短信、法电子邮件等等应与电脑有关．故选B．43．D 考查动词辨析．根据后半句"they've grown accustomed to it"可知，许多发达国家已经依赖于数码技术．dependent（on）意为"依靠的"，符合语境．bent （on）意为"决心的"；hard（on）意为"严厉的"；keen （on）意为"爱好，喜欢"．故选D．44． B 考查动词辨析．根据前半句"Most developed nations have become43 on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it"可知，此处意为：不使用它会让他们成为局外人．故选B．45． A 考查副词辨析．根据语境可知，此处表示进一步陈述人们与新技术的联系．故选A项．46．A 考查动词辨析．根据语境可知，许多工作和职业需要人们被联系．根据上下文多次提到connect和contact可知，故选A．47． C 考查名词辨析．根据后半句"may not want to be able to be contacted atall times"可知，经常被联系是一种负担．A项意为"愉悦"；benefit意为"利益"；disappointment意为"失望"，均与语境不符．故选C．48．D 考查副词辨析．根据语境可知，独处对于真正想要独处的人来说仍然是可能的．slightly意为"稍微"；hardly意为"几乎不"；merely意为"仅仅"；really意为"真正地"． really符合语境．故选D．49． B 考查动词短语辨析．根据后半句中的"turn off"可知，此处应为意义一致的短语，shut down意为"关闭"，符合语境．shut out意为"关在外面，遮住"；shut up意为"住口"；shut in意为"关进"．故选B．50． C 考查动词辨析．根据disadvantages可知这句的句意，"除了劣势之外，还有很多优势"．故选C．51． B 考查形容词辨析．根据后半句"mobile phones have saved countlesslives．"，可知此处指旅游者在山上迷路了．故选B．52． A 考查形容词辨析．根据本句中的"force和unwanted"可知，手机还使人们人感到困窘（trapped），被迫回答不必要的电话或者回复不必要的短信．excited意为"兴奋的"；confused意为"混乱的，困惑的，糊涂的"；amused意为"愉快的"．故选A．53．D 考查动词短语辨析．根据上一题的解析可知，此处为回复短信．turn to意为"转向；求助于"，submit to意为"提交；服从"；object to意为"反对"，均与语境不符．故选D项．54． A 考查动词辨析．根据下文，说到人们对现在的技术的态度可知，态度在不同时代有所变化．vary意为"变化，改变"，符合语境．arise意为"出现"；spread意为"传播"；exist意为"存在"．故选A．55．D 考查介词辨析．根据上下文，句意：如果没有每日的技术进步，难以想象生活会是什么样．根据本句宾语从句中所用的虚拟语气可知，应选without，意为"没有"．beyond意为"超过，超越"；within意为"在…之内"；despite意为"尽管"．故选D．【点评】解答此类题目可遵循以下步骤：第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象，同时初选出一批较有把握的答案．第二步，边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格．如果短文难度较大，则可复读几遍，核对和确定答案．有些空一时决定不了，可作个记号，待复查时再确定．第三步，复查定稿．从整体理解角度出发，仔细审核答案，确保意义上、语法上没有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格作最后选择．第三部分：阅读理解（共4小题；每小题6分，满分30分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑27．（6分）（1）According to the survey，people left alone on a desert island would most want their C．A．MP3 playerB．dogC．spouse/partnerD．celebrity（2）Which of the following is true about George Clooney？BA．He has been trained in wilderness survival．B．He may not be able to help you survive．C．He does not think Roseane is beautiful．D．He is the choice of most South African women．（3）The survey results are analyzed in terms of the respondents'A．A．sex，age and nationalityB．race，nationality and sexC．marriage，age and raceD．age，sex and marriage．【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．【分析】本文是一篇调查报告，调查了关于"如果你一个人独自留在一个孤岛上，你最需要什么？"的这个话题，不同的人给出了不同的结果．需要配偶或伴侣的占82%，需要MP3的占32%，而需要名人或宠物狗则占27%或28%．【解答】56．答案：C．细节理解题．根据第一段第三句"Respondents in all 16 countries surveyed said their spouse or partnerwould be their first choice to have with them．"可知，16个国家的被调查者的第一选择都是希望他们的配偶或伴侣在他们身边．57．答案：B．推理判断题．根据第一段第五行中"…and who knows if George Clooney or Penelope Cruz has taken coursesin wilderness survival training？"可推知，此处表示"谁知道乔治，克鲁尼（美国著名男演员）和佩内洛普克鲁兹（西班芝牙著名女演员）是否参加过野外生存训练呢？"，即如果你独自一人被留在沙漠里或一座小岛上，他们或许不能帮助你逃生．58．答案：A．推理判断题．根据四个大标题"Spouse/Partner"、"Clooney/Cruz"、"MP3Player"和"Dog"下面的段落中的关键词"the South African wo men"、"the Indian women"、"Russian men"、"the Mexican men"、"older than 45"等可以看出，是从调查对象的性别（ sex）、年龄（age ）、国籍（nationality）这三个方面来分析调查结果的．【点评】这类阅读题主要考察学生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对较容易．28．（8分）Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic （流行病） sweeping across America's farmland．It has little to do with the usual challenges，such as flood，rising fuel prices and crop﹣eating insects．The country's farmers are getting older，and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place．National agricultural census （普查） figures show that the fastest﹣growing group of farmers is the part over 65．Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012statistics are completed．Merrigan，a former college professor，is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture．Aside from trying to stop the graying of America's farmers，her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No.1on a list of"useless"college degrees．Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting，and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country．"There couldn't be anything that's more incorrect，"Merrigan said．"We know that there aren't enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture．"In addition，a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050，she said．"I truly believe we're at a golden age of agriculture．Global demand is at an all﹣time record high，and global supplies are at all﹣time record lows，"said Matt Rush，director of the Texas Farm Bureau．"Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture．"The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food．The National Young Farmers'Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers．Ryan Best，president of Future Farmers of America，has been living out of a suitcase，traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture．The 21﹣year﹣old Best hopes his message﹣that this is a new time in agriculture﹣will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics．"Never before have we had the innovations （创新） in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been，"he said．"There's really a place for everybody to fit in．"59．What is the new challenge to American agriculture？AA．Fewer and older farmers．B．Higher fuel prices．C．More natural disasters．D．Lower agricultural output．60．Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country？DA．To draw federal agriculture officials'attention．B．To select qualified agriculture graduates．C．To clarify a recent blog posting．D．To talk more students into farming careers．61．According to Matt Rush，American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people because C．A．the government will cover production costsB．global food supplies will be even lowerC．investment in agriculture will be profitableD．America will increase its food export62．What do the underlined words"to turn around the statistics"in the last paragraph mean？CA．To re﹣analyze the result of the national census．B．To increase agricultural production．C．To bring down the average age of farmers．D．To invest more in agriculture．【考点】O5：科教类阅读；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．【分析】本文是一篇科技文，主要介绍了美国在农业方面临农民人数少，年龄偏大的问题，同时还缺少专业大学生从事农业生产．该怎么样解决这个问题．【解答】59．答案：A．细节理解题．根据第一段第三句"The country's farmers are getting older，and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place．"可知，美国农业正面临农民越来越少，年龄越来越大的挑战．故选A．60．答案：D．细节理解题．根据第二段第一句中的"…is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture"可知，Merrigan访问大学是想鼓励更多的学生从事农业生产行业．故选D．61．答案：C．推理判断题．根据第五段第二句中的"Global demand is at an all﹣time record high，and global supplies are at all﹣time record lows"可知，Matt Rush认为，全球对农业的需要达到了最高，而全球的供应则达到了最低．所以可推断出，在农业上投资肯定会获利．故选C．62．答案：C．猜测词义题．根据最后一段第二句中的"…this is a new time in agriculture﹣will motivate the next generation…"可知，此处表示的是"农业的新时机将会激励下一代来参与，即农民的平均年龄将会年轻化"．所以画线短语意为"减小农民的平均年龄"．故选C．【点评】做此类题时应做到：通读全文，了解大意；带着问题，复读原文；理解识别，推断归纳．29．（6分）Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure．One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule，protecting them from the body﹣and the body from them﹣until they can be released at just the right spot．There are lots of ways to trigger （引发） this release，including changing temperature，acidity，and so on．But triggers can come with their own risks﹣burns，for example．Now，researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date：shining near﹣infrared light （NIR，近红外线） on the drug in the capsule．The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new．Researchers around the globe have developed polymers （聚合物） and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet （UV，紫外线）or visible light．But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light，which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin，where the light can reach the capsule．NIR light largely passes through tissues，so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger．But few compounds （化合物）absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes．That changed last year when Adah Almutairi，a chemist at the University of California，San Diego，reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light．Their polymer used a commercially available NIR﹣absorbing group called o﹣nitrobenzyl （ONB）．When they catch the light，ONB groups fall off the polymer，leading to its breakdown．But ONB is only a so﹣so NIR absorber，and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer．So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better．This one consists ofa long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer．Cresol contains reactive（易反应的）components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form，a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage．After polymerizing the cresols，they cap each reactive component with a light﹣absorbing compound called Bhc．When the Bhcs absorb NIR light，the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains．Shining additional light continues this breakdown，potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule．What's more，Almutairi says，Bhc is 10times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to。

江苏卷英语-2012年高考试题解析

听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将您的答案转涂到客观答题卡上。

例：How much is the shirt?A. ξ19.15.B. ξ9.15.C. ξ9.18答案是B。

1.Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroomC. In a library2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20B. 7:15C.7:003.What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend tripC.A radio programme4.What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a trainB. See the man offC. Go shopping5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late deliveryB. She went to the wrong placeC. She couldn’t take the cake back第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出的最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2012年江苏高考英语试题及参考答案

绝密★启用前2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。

请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.短小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。

第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Where does this conversation probably take place?A.In a bookstore.B.In a classroom.C.In a library.2.At what time will the film begin?A.7:20B.7:15.C.7:003.What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A.Their friend Jane.B.A weekend trip.C.A radio programme.4.What will the woman probably do?A.Catch a train.B.See the man off.C.Go shopping.5.Why did the woman apologize?A.She made a late delivery.B.She went to the wrong place.C.She couldn’t take the cake back.第二节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)听下面5段对话。

2012江苏高考英语试卷及答案(完整版)(word版)

2012江苏高考英语试卷及答案（完整版）（word版）2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语试题第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20 分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5 小题;每小题1 分,满分5分)听下面5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?A. ￡19. 15.B. ￡9. 15.C. ￡9. 18.答案是B。

1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20.B. 7:15.C. 7:00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radioprogramme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn’t take the cake back.第二节(共15 小题;每小题1 分,满分15 分)听下面5 段对话。

2012江苏高考英语试题含答案

20XX年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语第I卷（三部分共85分）第一部分听力(满分20分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A．￡19. 15. B．￡9. 15. C．￡9. 18.答案是B。

1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20.B. 7:15.C. 7:00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn’t take the cake back.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有几个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2012年江苏高考英语试卷及答案解析

2012年江苏高考英语试卷及答案解析2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(江苏卷)英语试题第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20 分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音 B. ,9. 15. C. ,9. 18.答案是B。

1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20.B. 7:15.C. 7:00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn’t take the cake back.第二节 (共15 小题;每小题1 分,满分15 分)听下面5 段对话。

每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5 秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5 秒钟的做答时间。

每段对话读两遍。

听第6 段材料,回答第6、7 题。

6. Whose CD is broken?A. Kathy’s.B. Mum’s.C. Jack’s.7. What does the boy promise to do for the girl?A. Buy her a new CD.B. Do some cleaning.C. Give her 10 dollars.听第7 段材料,回答第8、9 题。

2012年全国高考英语试题和答案-江苏卷

2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（江苏卷）英语试题第二部分: 英语知识运用(共两节, 满分35 分)第一节: 单项填空(共15小题; 每小题1分,满分15分)请认真阅读下面各题, 从题中所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child _______ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever 答案是B。

21. — Can I help you with it?— I appreciate your _______, but I can manage it myself.A. adviceB. questionC. offerD. idea22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. what23. Sophia waited for a reply, but _______came.A. eitherB. anotherC. neitherD. none24. — Do n’t worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu.—_______! I’ll tell Dad there’s nothing serious.A. What a reliefB. CongratulationsC. How surprisingD. I’m so sorry25. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______?A. is thereB. isn’t thereC. is heD. isn’t he26. —OK, I’ve had enough of it. I give up.—You can’t _______your responsibilities.A. run off withB. run up againstC. run out ofD. run away from27. The notice came around two in the afternoon_______ the meeting would be postponed.A. whenB. thatC. whetherD. how28. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _______say where he was.A. mustn’tB. shouldn’tC. wouldn’tD. mightn’t29. —Thank God you’re safe!— I stepped back, just _______ to avoid the racing car.A. in timeB. in caseC. in needD. in vain30. One’s life has value _______ one brings value to the life of others.A. so thatB. no matter howC. as long asD. except that31. _______an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.A. BasedB. BasingC. BaseD. To base32. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _______ some European business partners.A. would meetB. is meetingC. meetsD. had met33. —Honey, the cat’s stuck in the tree. Can you turn off the TV and get a ladder. . . ?— Oh, it jumped off. _______.A. Never mindB. All rightC. No problemD. Take care34. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he_______.A. has startedB. startsC. startedD. will start35. — Happy birthday!—Thank you! It’s the best present I _______ for.A. should have wishedB. must have wishedC. may have wishedD. could have wished第二节: 完形填空(共20 小题; 每小题1 分, 满分20 分)请认真阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2012年高考真题——英语(江苏卷)解析版

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语第Ⅰ卷（选择题共50分）注意事项：1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。

请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.短小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。

第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20 分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5 小题;每小题1 分,满分5分)听下面5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。