如何选择自动化测试框架

Michael Kelly在《Choosing a test automation framework》一文中提到测试自动化框架是一组假设、概念和惯例的集合，用于支持自动化测试。（A test automation framework is a set of assumptions, concepts, and practices that provide support for automated software testing.）

Michael Kelly把自动化测试框架划分为5大类：

（1）模块化框架（test script modularity）。

（2）函数库结构框架（test library architecture）。

（3）关键字驱动测试框架（keyword-driven/table-driven testing）。

（4）数据驱动测试框架（data-driven testing）。

（5）混合型框架（hybrid test automation）。

模块化框架（test script modularity）

首先编写底层的三级脚本，例如：

Sub Main

Window Set Context, "Caption=Calculator", ""

'5

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=10"

'+

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=20"

'6

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=14"

'=

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=21"

'11

Result = LabelUP (CompareProperties, "Text=11.", "UP=Object Properties")

End Sub

Sub Main

Window Set Context, "Caption=Calculator", ""

'20

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=11"

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=8"

'-

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=19"

'10

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=7"

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=8"

'=

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=21"

'10

Result = LabelUP (CompareProperties, "Text=10.", "UP=Object Properties")

End Sub

底层脚本可以作为测试脚本开发任务，分模块下发给每个测试工程师负责开发。然后用一个二级脚本来组织和整合这几个底层的脚本，例如下面是计算器的标准视图下组合底层测试脚本的例子：

'Test Script Modularity Framework

'Script for Standard View

Sub Main

'Test Add Functionality

CallScript "Test Script Mod Framework - Add"

'Test Subtract Functionality

CallScript "Test Script Mod Framework - Substract"

'Test Divide Functionality

CallScript "Test Script Mod Framework - Divide"

'Test Multiply Functionality

CallScript "Test Script Mod Framework - Multiply"

End Sub

最后，最顶层的测试脚本（一级脚本）再去把二级脚本组织和整合在一起执行，例如下面的脚本组合了计算器的标准视图和科学视图的测试脚本：

'Test Script Modularity Framework

'Top level script - represents test case

Sub Main

'Test the Standard View

CallScript "Test Script Mod Framework - Standard"

'Test the Scientific View

CallScript "Test Script Mod Framework - Scientific"

End Sub

库结构框架（test library architecture）

把测试脚本做成函数，通过函数之间互相调用来组织测试用例。例如下面的一个函数实现了

计算器标准视图的测试：

'Header File

'Test Library Architecture Framework

"Functions Library

Declare Sub StandardViewFunction BasicLib "Functions Library" (OperandOne As Integer, _

'Library Source File

'Test Library Architecture Framework

'Functions Library

Sub StandardViewFunction (OperandOne As Integer, _

OperandTwo As Interger, _

Operation As String)

'Click on first operand

Select Case OperandOne

Case 0

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=8"

Case 1

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=7"

Case 2

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=11"

Case 3

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=15"

Case 4

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=6"

Case 5

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=10"

Case 6

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=14"

Case 7

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=5"

Case 8

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=9"

Case 9

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=13"

End Select

'Click on second operand

Select Case OperandOne

Case "+"

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=8"

Case "-"

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=7"

Case "*"

PushButton Click, "ObjectIndex=11"