2018年高考英语天津专版二轮复习文档专题一 语法知识 第十讲 Word版含答案

第十讲形容词与副词

考点1 形容词与副词的语境辨析

1.OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs’death,smart-phonesdefeated________PCsinsales.

(2017·江苏,29) A.controversialB.contradictory

C.confidentialD.conventional

答案D

解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年之后,智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。语境提到smart-phones(智能手机),与之对应的PCs(personalcomputers)应该用形容词conventional修饰,表示“传统的”。controversial有争议的;contradictory自相矛盾的;confidential机密的。故选D。2.Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.But________explanat ionsarehardtofind.(2017·江苏,34)

A.alternativeB.aggressive

C.ambiguousD.apparent

答案A

解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞,但也难以找到别的解释。空格处与前面的“未必”(notnecessarily)呼应,这里用alternative表示“另外的,可替代的”。aggressive好斗的,挑衅的;ambiguous模棱两可的,不明确的;apparent显而易见的,明白的。3.—IwanttoseeMrWhite.Wehaveanappointment.

—I’msorry,butheisnot________atthemoment,forthemeetinghasn’tended.

(2017·天津,3) A.busyB.active

C.concernedD.available

答案D

解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:——我想见怀特先生。我们已经约好了。——很抱歉,但是此刻他没空(available),因为会议还没有结束。D项available可表示“(人)有空的”,符合语境。busy忙碌的;active活跃的;concerned担忧的。4.Hiscomprehensivesurveyshaveprovidedthemost________statementsofhow,andonwhatbasis,data arecollected.(2016·江苏,31)

A.explicitB.ambiguous

C.originalD.arbitrary

答案A

解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:他全面的调查提供了关于如何收集信息及在什么基础上收集信息的最清楚明确的说明。explicit清楚的,明晰的,详述的;ambiguous模棱两可的,含糊不清的;original起初的,原来的;arbitrary任意的,随心所欲的。5.Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,________ifyouaretravellingathighspeed.

(2016·浙江,13) A.eventuallyB.strangely

C.merelyD.especially

答案D

解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为:突然停下来可能是一次非常可怕的经历,尤其是你正在高速行驶时。especially特别,尤其,符合语境。eventually最终;strangely奇怪地;merely仅仅,只。6.Inthisarticle,youneedtobackupgeneralstatementswith________examples.

(2016·浙江,16) A.specificB.permanent

C.abstractD.universal

答案A

解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:在这篇文章里,你需要用具体的例子来支持你的总体性陈述。specific具体的,特定的;permanent永久的;abstract抽象的;universal通用的,普遍的。根据句意可知选A。

7.I’mso________toallthosevolunteersbecausetheyhelpedmyterribledayendhappily.

(2015·安徽,26) A.specialB.superior

C.gratefulD.attractive

答案C

解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:我非常感激所有那些志愿者,因为他们帮我愉快地结束了糟糕的一天。special特殊的;superior优越的;grateful感激的;attractive有吸引力的。根据句意可知,这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情,故选C。

8.Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople’shomeeither________orthroughtheircompanies.

(2015·安徽,31) A.legallyB.sincerely

C.personallyD.deliberately

答案C

解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为:他们或者个人或者通过他们的公司给敬老院捐款。legally合法地,法律上;sincerely真诚地;personally亲自,当面,个别地,就自己而言;deliberately故意地,谨慎地,慎重地。根据throughtheircompanies可知personally为正确答案。

9.Itwas________ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.(2015·福建,23) A.carelessB.considerate

C.patientD.generous

答案B

解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:迈克尔通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心,他想得真周到。本句使用了Itis/wasconsiderateofsb.todosth.这一结构。careless粗心的;considerate考虑周到的;patient有耐心的;generous慷慨的,大方的。

考点归纳

解决词义辨析题的关键是牢记某些高频词的词义,掌握词义的有效办法就是通过语境去记忆,通过背诵句子来记忆词汇的音、形、义。

1.—Didhebreakitaccidentally (=byaccident/bychance)?

—No,purposely (=onpurpose).

——他是不小心把它打碎了吗?

——不是,是故意地。

2.Searchyourheartandaskifyou’reequallytoblame.

扪心自问,你是不是同样也应该受到谴责。

3.I’mespecially (=particularly) fondofpopsongs.

我尤其喜欢流行音乐。

4.Eventually (=Finally),hemadeit.

他终于成功了。

创设语境牢记下列高考高频词汇:

increasingly,largely,meanwhile,merely,completely,partly,practically,rarely,accessible,accurate,adaptable,addicted,adorable,affordable,aggressive,alternative,apparent,artificial ,available,casual,cautious,complex,confident,constant,contradictory,controversial,dra matic,effective,flexible,frequent,individual,inevitable,optional,permanent,potential,rel evant,skeptical,secure,sensitive,responsible,subtle,transparent,unique等。

考点2 形容词和副词的比较等级1.IhavealwaysenjoyedalltheeventsyouorganizedandIhopetoattend________inthecomingyears.(2016·浙江,18)

A.littlemoreB.nomore

C.muchmoreD.manymore

答案D

解析考查比较级。句意为:我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动,希望在未来几年里能参加更多的活动。manymore后省略了events。根据句意可知选D。

2.Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itis________hehasevergot.(2015·四川,7)

A.abetterB.thebetter

C.abestD.thebest

答案D

解析考查形容词的最高级。句意为:安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。根据hehasevergot可以推知这是“他得到的最好的玩具”,故选D。

考点归纳

1.否定词与比较级连用表达最高级的意义。

Ican’tagreemore.

我完全同意。

2.比较级+thananyother+单数名词/any of the other+复数名词/theothers/any of the others表示“某人/物比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”,含义是“某人/物最……”。TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.

长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。

3.在倍数表达结构中,要把倍数放在比较结构前。

Ataroughestimate,NigeriaistwicebiggerthanGreatBritain.

粗略估算,尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的3倍。

4.比较级前可用still,much,even,far,alot,abit,agreatdeal,以及分数、百分数等修饰,此时注意它们要放在比较级前。

You’redrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabitmoreslowly?

你开得太快了。你能开得慢些吗?

考点3 形容词作状语

—CouldyoupleaseexplaintheassignmentforMonday,MissSmith?

—Certainly.Readthenextchapterandcometoclass________todiscusswhatyou’veread.

(2015·江苏南京、盐城一模,24) A.preparingB.prepared

C.toprepareD.tobeprepared

答案B

解析句意为:——史密斯小姐,请说明一下周一的任务好吗?——当然可以。阅读下一章,来上课的时候准备好讨论你所读的内容。根据句子结构可知设空处应为状语,表示状态。此处prepared 为过去分词转换为形容词,强调状态,说明到学校的时候已经准备好了。

考点归纳

形容词或形容词短语作状语时,一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开。这种状语可位于句首、句末和句中,相当于一个状语从句,可表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间、条件、结果或让步。有时像非限制性定语从句一样,表示意义上的增补,其逻辑主语多为句子的主语。

考点4 常见的连接性副词

1.Thanksforyourdirectionstothehouse;wewouldn’thavefoundit________.

(2014·江西,23) A.nowhereB.however

C.otherwiseD.instead

答案C

解析考查副词词义辨析。nowhere无处;however然而;otherwise否则,要不然;instead反而。句意为:谢谢你为我们指路,要不然我们找不到那所房子。故C项正确。

2.It’sourhopethatwewillplayagreaterroleinthemarketplaceand,______,supplymorejobs.

(2014·安徽,33) A.howeverB.anywhere

C.thereforeD.otherwise

答案C

解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为:我们希望的是,我们能在市场发挥更大作用,因此,提供更多的就业机会。however然而,表转折关系;anywhere无论何处,表条件;therefore因此,表因果关系;otherwise否则,表相反的结果。根据句意选C。

考点归纳

1.表示增补:besides,further,then,similarly,likewise,moreover

2.表示等同:similarly,likewise,equally

3.表示对比:rather,oppositely

4.表示概括:altogether,generally

5.表示列举:first(ly),second(ly),finally

6.表示条件:otherwise

7.表示让步:however,still,yet,nevertheless,though,anyway

8.表示结果:therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus

9.表示时间过渡:meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally

10.表示同位关系:namely

11.表示着重特指:mainly,mostly,particularly,especially

考点5 形容词和副词的一些固定表达

1.Theidea“happiness,”________,willnotsitstillforeasydefinition.(2014·江苏,28) A.toberigidB.tobesure

C.tobeperfectD.tobefair

答案B

解析考查动词不定式短语意义辨析。toberigid刻板地说,死板地说;tobesure诚然,的确,无可否认;tobeperfect完美地说,说得完美些;tobefair公平而言,说句公道话。本句主干是Theidea “happiness”willnotsitstillforeasydefinition.,其意思是:给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事。根据四个动词不定式短语的意义和句子主干的意思,我们可以选择B项tobesure。综合考虑可知

题干句意为:诚然,给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事。2.—Whatdidyoudolastweekend?

—Oh,nothing________.(2014·大纲全国,35)

A.muchB.else

C.everD.yet

答案A

解析句意为:——上周末你干什么了?——哦,没(干)什么事。nothingmuch和nothingelse是固定短语,nothingmuch意为“没什么事”,nothingelse意为“没有别的东西,没有别的事情”;nothing 不和ever构成固定短语,但可以一起用在句中,表示“没有什么事情曾经……”;nothing和yet 也不能构成固定短语,但也可以同时出现在句中。由语境可知,此处显然是表示“没什么事”,故A项正确。

考点归纳

1.tobesure诚然,无疑

toberigid刻板地说,死板地说

tobeperfect完美地说

tobefair公平而言

tobefrank坦率地讲

2.good/niceand...很,非常,完全

3.muchless=stillless(承接前述否定内容)更不用说

stillmore还有更多;更进一步

4.somuchthebetter那样更好

forbetteror (for) worse不论是好是坏,不论是福是祸

5.Nota/one (little) bit!一点也不!

6.lastbutnotleast=lastbutbynomeansleast最后但同样很重要的是

方法1形容词词义辨析法

形容词的考查在高考试题中比较多,具体在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。[典例1]Listeningisthusanactive,nota________,behaviorconsistingofhearing,understandingandremembe ring.(2015·浙江,14)

A.considerateB.sensitive

C.reliableD.passive

答案D

解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:聆听是一种积极的行为,而不是被动的接受,它包括听、理解和记忆。passive被动的,消极的,与前面的active对应。considerate体贴的,体谅的;sensitive

易受伤害的,易受影响的,敏感的;reliable可靠的,可信赖的。

[典例2]Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand________reviewofthecase.

(2015·江苏,31) A.comprehensiveB.complicated

C.consciousD.crucial

答案A

解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:警官们决定对该案件进行一次彻底、详尽的审查。comprehensive综合的,详尽的;complicated复杂的;conscious有意识的;crucial至关重要的。根据and判断,所填词和thorough(彻底的,细致的)意思相近,故选A项。

方法2副词词义辨析法

副词的考查在高考试题中也比较多,具体在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。具体来说,要注意:(1)一些副词的具体含义;(2)一些副词在具体句子中的辨析。

[典例1]Mostofus,ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom,understandthateverybiteputintoour mouthswas________alive.(2015·浙江,13)

A.steadilyB.instantly

C.formerlyD.permanently

答案C

解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为:我们大多数人,如果对食物来源多少知道一点点的话,就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是有生命的。formerly以前,从前,符合语境。steadily稳固地,坚定地,不动摇地;instantly立刻,马上;permanently永久地,长期不变地。

[典例2]Doyouthinkshoppingonlinewill________taketheplaceofshoppinginstores? A.especiallyB.frequently

C.merelyD.finally

答案D

解析especially特别,尤其;frequently经常地,频繁地;merely仅仅;finally最终。句意为:你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗?故选D项。

强化练(十)

1.ChinaDaily is________anewspaper;itishelpfultousall.(2017·河东区二模,3) A.lessthanB.nomorethan

C.morethanD.notmorethan

答案C

解析句意为:《中国日报》不只是一份报纸,它对我们所有的人都有用。morethan不只是,符合句意。lessthan少于,不足;nomorethan只是,只不过;notmorethan至多,不超过。2.Theycarryout________checksonmilkproductstomakesurethattheyareofhighquality.

(2017·和平区一模,14) A.commonB.natural

C.ordinaryD.regular

答案D

解析句意为:他们对奶制品进行定期的检查以确保高质量。regular定期的,符合句意。common 普遍的;natural自然的;ordinary普通的。

3.Mikewas________knownbeforethisaward,butinfacthewasacampusstarinballgamesandrunningeve nwhenhewasinhighschool.(2017·河西区一模,1)

A.mostB.little

C.bestD.well

答案B

解析句意为:迈克在获奖以前鲜为人知,但实际上高中的时候他就是学校各项球类运动和跑步的明星了。根据转折连词but的前后语境可知,需用否定副词little修饰形容词known(知名的)。4.Theoldcouple,________countrylife,wereunwillingtomovetothecitytolivewiththeirson.

(2017·天津十二所重点中学一模,6) A.accustomedtoB.buriedin

C.addictedtoD.exposedto

答案A

解析句意为:那对习惯了乡村生活的老夫妇不愿意搬到城市里和他们的儿子住在一起。beaccustomedto习惯于……,符合句意。beburiedin埋头于……;beaddictedto对……有瘾;beexposedto暴露在……。

5.Iftheythrowstonesatyou,don’https://www.360docs.net/doc/2119385783.html,ethemtobuildyourownfoundation________.(2017·江苏南京三模,27)

A.somehowB.anyway

C.insteadD.nevertheless

答案C

解析句意为:如果别人朝你扔石头,不要扔回去。留着作你建高楼的基石。instead反而,反倒,符合句意。somehow以某种方式,不知怎么地;anyway无论如何;nevertheless然而,尽管如此。6.He’snotvery________.Youcan’talwaysdependonhimtodowhathepromisesto.

(2017·河东区一模,4) A.dependentB.independent

C.reliableD.flexible

答案C

解析句意为:他不太可靠。你不能总是指望他做他答应做的事。根据空后的句子可知,他不太可靠。reliable可靠的,可信赖的,符合句意。dependent依靠的,依赖的;independent自主的,独立的;flexible灵活的。

7.Itwasn’taseriousaccident.Thecarwasonly________damaged.(2017·和平区二模,14) A.heavilyB.slightly

C.nearlyD.narrowly

答案B

解析heavily严重地;slightly轻微地;nearly几乎;narrowly狭窄地,勉强地。根据语境“这场事故不严重”,可知选B。

8.Wehaveonlytwentyminutesleft,sopleasegettothepointanddon’tsayanythingthatisn’t________to ourproblem.(2017·天津十二所重点中学二模,11)

A.relevantB.sensitive

C.familiarD.similar

答案A

解析句意为:我们只剩下二十分钟的时间了,所以请说重点,不要说任何与我们的问题无关的事情。berelevantto与……有关,符合语境。besensitiveto对……敏感;befamiliarto为……所熟悉;besimilarto与……相似/类似。9.—HowdidyoufindyourtriptotheWaterParkinthesummerof2016?

—Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.Itwas________thanIexpected.(2017·南开区三模,8) A.evenmuchinteresting

B.farmoreinteresting

C.sofarinteresting

D.farfrominteresting

答案B

解析句意为:——你觉得你2016年夏天的水上公园之行怎么样?——我玩得痛快极了。它比我预想的要有趣得多。由than可知此处应用比较级,故选B。far修饰比较级,用于加强语气。10.SinceIamnowpreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination,myparentsarevery________tome.(201 7·红桥区二模,10)

A.constantB.conscious

C.considerateD.grateful

答案C

解析句意为:因为我现在正在准备高考,我的父母对我很体贴。considerate体贴的,符合句意。constant不断的,持续的;conscious有意识的,神志清醒的,自觉的,刻意的;grateful感激的,感谢的。

11.Inourcompany,I’minarather________position,asmyjobisdifferentfromanyoneelse’s.(2017·天津一中3月考,6)

A.uniqueB.abnormal

C.tiresomeD.random

答案A

解析unique独一无二的,独特的;abnormal反常的,变态的;tiresome令人讨厌的;random随意的。根据句意可知,因为我的工作与其他任何人的不同,我应该在一个独特的职位上,故选A。12.JanehopestotalkwithhergrandparentsinChinese.________,sheplanstochooseChineseasanoptional coursethisterm.(2017·天津一中4月考,4)

A.HoweverB.Otherwise

C.ThereforeD.Besides

答案C

解析however然而;otherwise否则;therefore因此;besides此外。句意表达的是因果关系,故选C。

13.—Irisisalwayskindand________tothesufferingofothers. —Nowondershechoosestobeareliefworker.(2017·江苏南京二模,26)

A.allergicB.immune

C.relevantD.sensitive

答案D

解析句意为:——Iris总是很善良并且能体谅他人的痛苦。——难怪她选择当一名救援工作者。besensitiveto对……体谅/敏感,符合句意。beallergicto对……过敏;beimmuneto对……有免疫力,不受……影响;berelevantto与……有关。

14.I’mnotsurewhetherIcanpersuadehimtogiveuptheadventure.________,Iwilltrymybest.(2017·红桥区二模,4)

A.AnyhowB.Somehow

C.BesidesD.Therefore

答案A

解析句意为:我不确定我是否能说服他放弃冒险。无论怎样,我都会尽力。anyhow不管怎样,无论如何,符合句意。somehow不知怎么地;besides而且,此外;therefore因此,所以。15.Thisproductcontainsno________colors;onlynaturalsubstancesareused.

(2017·和平区二模,2) A.commercialB.beneficial

C.officialD.artificial

答案D

解析commercial商业的;beneficial有益的;official官方的;artificial人造的。根据句意“该产

品仅使用了自然物质,不含人工色素”及所给选项分析可知,选D。16.Thecarboncontentofsteellargelydeterminesitsusefulnessfor________applications.

(2016·河西区三调,6) A.specificB.tough

C.fantasticD.typical

答案A

解析句意为:钢的碳含量在很大程度上决定了其特定用途的实用性。specific意为“具体的,特定的”,符合句意。tough强硬的,坚韧不拔的;fantastic极好的;typical特有的,典型的。17.Thedog________attackedpassers-byandthereforewaskeptonachainbytheowner.

(2016·天津五校联考,19) A.eventuallyB.fortunately

C.frequentlyD.similarly

答案C

解析句意为:这条狗经常地袭击过路者,因此被主人用链子拴住了。frequently频繁地,经常地,符合句意。eventually最后;fortunately幸运地;similarly同样地。故选C。18.Thereasonwhyhersonisalwaysthinisthatheis________aboutwhatheeats.

(2016·天津十二区县二模,14) A.curiousB.concerned

C.particularD.crazy

答案C

解析句意为:她儿子瘦弱的原因是她儿子挑食。beparticularabout对……挑剔;becuriousabout 对……感到好奇;beconcernedabout对……关心;becrazyabout对……疯狂,痴迷。19.Thefogwasveryheavyand________alltheflightswerecancelled.(2016·河西区三调,5) A.consequentlyB.constantly

C.continuouslyD.consistently

答案A

解析句意为:这场雾很大,因此所有的航班都被取消了。consequently意为“因此,所以”,符合语境。constantly持续不断地,经常地;continuously不断地,连续地;consistently一致地,始终如一地。

20.Thegovernmentmustbevery________aboutsettingpoliciesandmakenodecisionuntiltheyarequitesure itistherightone.

A.seriousB.concerned

C.cautiousD.nervous

答案C

解析句意为:政府必须谨慎制定政策,直到十分确定这是对的,才能作出决定。becautiousabout

对……谨慎。serious严肃的;beconcernedabout对……关心;nervous紧张的。故选C。

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专题能力训练五单项填空(五)(单项填空综合训练) 一、A组 1.(2017·天津卷,6)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming, as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A.regard B.is regarded D.regards :如今,骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样,被认为是最全面的锻炼形式之一。本句的主语是 因此谓语动词用单数形式;cycling与regard之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态。当“AalongwithB”结构出现在句首时,谓语动词的形式应与A保持一致。类似的词(组)还有 with,togetherwith,ratherthan,aswellas等。故选B项。 2.(2017·天津河东区一模,2)This is our contribution to world of the 21st century, world of independence and mutual understanding. A.the;a B./;a D.the;/ :这是我们对21世纪世界的贡献,一个独立的、互相理解的世界。第一个空填the,名词 the;第二个空填a,是泛指“一个独立的,互相理解的世界”。故 选A项。 3.—Aren’tyoucold? —.I’mboilinghot. A.Farfromit B.Takeiteasy D.Notalittle :——你不冷吗?——一点儿也不冷。我很热。farfromit“远非这样,远 ,不着急”;that’sallright“没关系,不客气”;notalittle“非常”,根据语境选A项。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/2119385783.html,stweek,mybrotherwasappointed chiefengineeroftheproject,whichwillbecompletedin18-monthperiod. A.a;an B.the;the D./;the :上周,我哥哥被任命为这项工程的总工程师,该工程要用18个月的时间来完成。第一空 ,因为chiefengineer在此做主语补足语,表示一个职务,前面不加冠词;第二空表泛指,应用不定冠词an。故选C项。 5.—WhatareyourplansforThanksgiving,Todd? —Oh,it’sa inmyfamilytogotomygrandpa’shouseandhaveabigdinnerthere. A.culture B.rule D.principle :——你感恩节有什么计划,托德?——哦,到我祖父家聚餐是我们家族的一个传统。 6.—Wherewouldyouliketogothissummervacation?ShanghaiorBeijing? —.Iwouldliketokeepmyparentscompanyathome. A.Either B.Neither D.Both :——今年暑假你想去哪里?上海还是北京?——哪儿也不去。我想在家陪父母。根据答 ,答话者两个地方都不想去,故选B 项。

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