太阳能电池专业英语
太阳能电池行业英语词汇3
KkT, 热学能量(k= Boltzmann常数, 1.381x10-23 J/K, T = Kelvin绝对温度)kWh：千瓦时，能量的单位。
1kW=1000瓦，是一千瓦的灯泡亮一个小时锁消耗的能量. kWp, peak：指的是最大的功率点，单位是千瓦，一般太阳能逆变器的功率就是指的是最大功率。
LLaminate：一种薄片材料，来保护电池板芯片，例如EVA或Tedlar。
通过该物质将电池板芯片整个用透明的物质密封起来，一方面保护电池板芯片，另外一方面还要保持阳光的穿透力。
Light trapping：光的增透，在光完全被电池板吸收前，进入电池板的光通过反射和内表面的阻碍，光的增透对薄层电池板有着非常特别的意义，表面处理技术起着重要的作用。
MMajority charge carrier：多子，描述半导体里的带电体，通常决定于掺杂的类型，例如在p型多子是空穴，n型多子则是电子。
Marginal cost payment time ：接收太阳能发电，向电网传输所获的收益，因此到一定的是将将收回太阳能设备的投资成本，这段时间叫做成本收回时间。
Metal-Insolator-Silicon：缩写MIS，金属绝缘硅，这种电池板类型包含与传统电池板的不同是没有PN结，这个电荷分离功能满足这里从打入铯原子的氧化硅里出来的电子反转层。
优点是简化生产过程，不需要高温来掺杂。
Minority charge carrier：少子，描述半导体里的带电体，通常决定于掺杂的类型，例如在n型多子是空穴，p型多子则是电子。
Module effinciency：电池板模块的效率。
Module rated power：额定功率，电池板最大可能的输出功率，当太阳垂直照在电池板上时，单位为瓦特。
Module：电池板模块，将很多的太阳能发电单元联接，然后封闭后的电池板单元。
之后可以灵活串联并联。
Mono crystal silicon：单晶硅Mono crystal Silicon：单晶硅，纯净的晶体硅MPP （max power point）：最大功率点，在这个点上更具I-U曲线，电池板可以提供最大的功率，通过MPP的跟踪和控制可以在各种情况下找到最大功率点从而使电池板的发电效率提高。
太阳的能电池行业英语的词汇3
KkT, 热学能量(k= Boltzmann常数, 1.381x10-23 J/K, T = Kelvin绝对温度)kWh：千瓦时，能量的单位。
1kW=1000瓦，是一千瓦的灯泡亮一个小时锁消耗的能量. kWp, peak：指的是最大的功率点，单位是千瓦，一般太阳能逆变器的功率就是指的是最大功率。
LLaminate：一种薄片材料，来保护电池板芯片，例如EVA或Tedlar。
通过该物质将电池板芯片整个用透明的物质密封起来，一方面保护电池板芯片，另外一方面还要保持阳光的穿透力。
Light trapping：光的增透，在光完全被电池板吸收前，进入电池板的光通过反射和内表面的阻碍，光的增透对薄层电池板有着非常特别的意义，表面处理技术起着重要的作用。
MMajority charge carrier：多子，描述半导体里的带电体，通常决定于掺杂的类型，例如在p型多子是空穴，n型多子则是电子。
Marginal cost payment time ：接收太阳能发电，向电网传输所获的收益，因此到一定的是将将收回太阳能设备的投资成本，这段时间叫做成本收回时间。
Metal-Insolator-Silicon：缩写MIS，金属绝缘硅，这种电池板类型包含与传统电池板的不同是没有PN结，这个电荷分离功能满足这里从打入铯原子的氧化硅里出来的电子反转层。
优点是简化生产过程，不需要高温来掺杂。
Minority charge carrier：少子，描述半导体里的带电体，通常决定于掺杂的类型，例如在n型多子是空穴，p型多子则是电子。
Module effinciency：电池板模块的效率。
Module rated power：额定功率，电池板最大可能的输出功率，当太阳垂直照在电池板上时，单位为瓦特。
Module：电池板模块，将很多的太阳能发电单元联接，然后封闭后的电池板单元。
之后可以灵活串联并联。
Mono crystal silicon：单晶硅Mono crystal Silicon：单晶硅，纯净的晶体硅MPP （max power point）：最大功率点，在这个点上更具I-U曲线，电池板可以提供最大的功率，通过MPP的跟踪和控制可以在各种情况下找到最大功率点从而使电池板的发电效率提高。
光伏太阳能专业英语词汇集锦
AC交流电Alternating currentAmorphous silicon solar cell 非晶硅太阳能电池Thin-film solar cells are usually produced by evaporating several semi-conductor films onto a so-called "substrate"Ampère 安培Unit indicating the strength of electric currentAssembling system 集成系统System to install solar modules on roofs, façades or in the field.Azimuth angle 方位角Describes the deviation from the South towards East-western directionBuilding-integrated PV (BIPV)Used to describe a structure where PV replaces conventional materials and is integrated into the building. Typically, a photovoltaic array is incorporated into the roof or walls of a building. Roof tiles with integrated PV cells can now be purchased. Arrays can also be retrofitted into existing buildings; in this case they are usually fitted on top of the existing roof structure. Alternatively, an array can be located separately from the building but connected by cable to supply power for the building.By-pass diode 旁路二极管Conducts the electricity automatically past a module in case it is shadowed in one series. This is supposed to prevent any destruction due to overheating.Circuit 电路A system of conductors that convey electricity.CdTe solar cell碲化镉太阳能电池Thin-film solar cell made of very thin CdTe semi-conductor films (< 3 microns)CIS solar cellThin-film solar cell made of several films of differently doped copper-indium-diselenideCircuit breaker 断路开关A safety device that shuts off power when it senses too much current.Combiner box 和路箱Where the electrical wiring from the PV modules is joined together in parallel to combine electrical currents.Conductor 导体A material that is used to convey electricity, i.e. wires.Conversion efficiency 转换效率The percentage of electricity that is created by a solar cell as compared to the amount of energy needed to generate that electricity.Current 电流The flow of electricity between two points. Measured in amps.DC 直流电Direct currentEnergetic amortization period 能量偿还期Period of time a photovoltaic system requires to produce the energy required for production. Efficiency 功率The ratio of output energy to input energy.Electrical grid 电网A large distribution network that delivers electricity over a wide area.Electrode 电极A conductor used to lead current into or out of a nonmetallic part of a circuit.Energy 能量Usable power. Measured in kWh.Energy audit 能量审核A process that determines how much energy you use in your house or apartment.Energy yield 能量输出Electric energy indicated in kWh yielded by a photovoltaic systemENSEquipment to control the grid with attributed all-pole control element in series. The ENS includes a redundant voltage and frequency control of the electricity grid and evaluates any leaps ascertained in the grid impedance. If the set limits are exceeded, the ENS will switch off the inverter. When the line voltage is re-established, the inverter will restart operation automatically. European efficiency rateWeighted efficiency rate is calculated by weighting different partial load efficiency rates and the full-load efficiency rate in line with the frequency of their appearance.Facade system 正面系统Photovoltaic system installed on the facade of a building or an integral part of a facade.Feed-in meter 输入计Measuring instrument for the supply of electric energy into the public power grid (unit in kWh) Mismatching interconnection of better and worse modules in one string as a consequence of which the worst module of one series determines the electricity.Field system 野外系统Photovoltaic system installed in a fieldFlat-roof system 平台屋顶系统Photovoltaic system installed on a flat roof.Fossil fuels 矿物燃料Fuels that are formed underground from the remains of dead plants and animals. i.e. oil, natural gas, and coal are fossil fuels.Global radiation 总辐射Sum of diffuse, direct and reflected solar radiation onto a horizontal surface.Greenhouse effect 温室效应When heat from the sun becomes trapped in the Earth's atmosphere due to certain gases. Greenhouse gases 温室气体The gases responsible for trapping heat from the sun within the Earth's atmosphere. i.e. water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrogen oxides.Grid 电网A distribution network, including towers, poles, and wires that a utility uses to deliver electricity. Grid-connected PV system 并网光伏系统When the electricity grid is available but electricity from a clean source (solar) is desired, solar panels can be connected to the grid. Provided that sufficient panels are placed, the appliances inthe house/building will then run on solar electricity. A grid-connected solar electricity system basically consists of one or more solar panels, an inverter, cables, the electric load and a support structure to mount the solar panels.Hertz (HZ) 赫兹The frequency of electrical current described in cycles per second, i.e. Appliances in the United States use 60 HZ.Inverter 逆变器Converts the DC output of the PV system into usable AC output that can be fed directly into the building load.Irradiance 辐照度the amount of solar energy that strikes a surface during a specific time period. Measured in kilowatts.I-V curve IV曲线A graph that plots the current versus the voltage from the solar cell as the electrical load (or resistance) is increased from short circuit (no load) to open circuit (maximum voltage). The shape of the curve characterizing cell performance. Three important points on the IV curve are the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and peak or maximum power (operating) point. Junction box The point on a solar module where it connects, or is strung, to other solar modules. In-roof installation 镶嵌屋顶系统Photovoltaic system which is integrated into the roof claddingIsland system 独立系统Grid-independent power supply systemkWh – kilowatt hourUnit indicating energy/work and corresponding with the performance of one kilowatt during a period of one hourkWp - Kilowatt peakUnit indicating the maximum performance under standard test concitions (STC)Load 负载The amount of electrical demand used in the building at any given time.Mono-crystalline silicon solar cell 单晶硅太阳能系统Basic raw material is a monocrystal drawn from melted silicon.Multi-crystalline silicon solar cell 多晶硅太阳能电池Basic raw material is solar silicon cast in blocks.National Electrical Code (NEC) 国家电气代码The U.S. minimum inspection requirements for all types of electrical installations, including solar systems.National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) 国家电力生产商协会The U.S. trade association that develops standards for the electrical manufacturing industry. NREL The National Renewable Energy Laboratory 国家可再生能源实验室A national lab that concentrates on studying and developing renewable energy sources.Open circuit voltage 开路电压Maximum voltage in an electric circuit which is generated when the electricity I equals zero (depending on termperature).Performance guarantee 性能质保Extended guarantee of the module producer for the performance of the solar modules. Performance tolerance 性能公差Tolerance stated by the producer with regards to the nominal power.Poly-cristalline solar cell 多晶硅太阳能电池See multi-crystalline silicon solar cell.PSC 电力供应公司Power supply companies.Peak load 最大负荷The largest amount of electricity being used at any one point during the day.Photovoltaic (PV) 光伏the conversion of light into electricity. The term "photo" comes from the Greek "phos," meaning light. "V oltaic" is named for Alessandro V olta (1745-1827), a pioneer in the study of electricity for whom the term "volt" was named. Photovoltaics, then, means "light electricity."Photovoltaic (PV) module 光伏组件A number of photovoltaic cells electrically interconnected and mounted together, usually in a sealed unit of convenient size for shipping, handling and assembling into arrays. The term "module" is often used interchangeably with the term "panel.Photovoltaic array 光伏阵列An interconnected system of solar modules that function as a single electricity-producing unit. Photovoltaic cell 光伏电池（格）This is the basic unit of a solar module that collects the sun's energy.Photovoltaic system 光伏系统A complete set of components that converts sunlight into usable electricity.Rectifier 整流器Transforms alternating current into direct currentRoof inclination 屋顶倾斜度Angle of a roof towards the horizontalRated power 额定功率Nominal power output of an inverter; some units cannot produce rated power continuously. Semiconductor A material that has an electrical conductivity in between that of a metal and an insulator. Typical semiconductors for PV cells include silicon, gallium arsenide, copper indium diselenide, and cadmium elluride.Short-circuit electricity 短路电流Maximum electricity in an electric circuit, which is generated when the voltage U at the terminals equals zero (proportional to solar radiation).Solar generatorSum of solar modules.Specific energy yield 能量生产率（比能率）Electric energy indicated in kWh and yielded by a photovoltaic system divided by the installed performance (kWp).Standard Test Conditions – STC 标准测试条件General conditions under which the perfomance of a solar module is measured in a laboratory. Constant factors for measuring are: Irradiance of 1,000W/m²5f; light spectrum after penetration of 1.5fold density of the atmosphere (AM1,5); temperature of the solar cell 25°C.Supply meter 电源表Measuring instrument for the supply of electric energy from the public power grid (unit in kWh) Termperature coefficient 温度系数Indicates to what extent the individual factor changes with the temperature. Temperature-independent factors are voltage, electricity and consequently also performance.Thin-film solar cell 薄膜太能能电池Roughly a hundred times thinner than crystalline cells. Industrial production procedure (evaporation, atomization procedure…) onto the substrate lowers the cost. Doping specif ic contamination of purest silicon with impurity atoms. In a so-called diffusion procedure, impure atoms (e.g. borum, phosphor), which can give off electrons, are transported below the surface of the wafers.Three-phase voltage control 三相电压控制器Equipment to control the grid. Voltage control of the three phases. If a voltage falls below a stipulated limit, the equipment will be switched off.Tilt angle 倾斜角The angle of inclination of a module measured from the horizontal.Transformer 变压器Used to step up or down the voltage emerging from the inverter to match the required voltage of the onsite load or the utility interconnection.V olt 伏特Unit indicating the voltage.Watt 瓦特Unit indicating the performance.WhUnit indicating the watthour.WpUnit indicating the wattpeak.。
太阳能电池专业英语
太阳能电池行业英语词汇A,Ampere的缩写, 安培a-Si:H, amorphous silicon的缩写, 含氢的, 非结晶性硅.Absorption, 吸收.Absorption of the photons:光吸收;当能量大于禁带宽度的光子入射时，太阳电池内的电子能量从价带迁到导带，产生电子——空穴对的作用，称为光吸收。
Absorptions coefficient, 吸收系数, 吸收强度.AC, 交流电.Ah, 安培小时.Acceptor, 接收者, 在半导体中可以接收一个电子.Alternating current, 交流电，简称“交流. 一般指大小和方向随时间作周期性变化的电压或电流. 它的最基本的形式是正弦电流. 我国交流电供电的标准频率规定为50赫兹。
交流电随时间变化的形式可以是多种多样的。
不同变化形式的交流电其应用范围和产生的效果也是不同的。
以正弦交流电应用最为广泛，且其他非正弦交流电一般都可以经过数学处理后，化成为正弦交流电的迭加。
AM, air mass的缩写, 空气质量.直射阳光光束透过大气层所通过的路程，以直射太阳光束从天顶到达海平面所通过的路程的倍数来表示。
当大气压力P=1.013巴，天空无云时，海平面处的大气质量为1。
amorphous silicon solar cell:非晶硅太阳电池（a—si太阳电池）用非晶硅材料及其合金制造的太阳电池称为非晶硅太阳电池，亦称无定形硅太阳电池，简称a—si太阳电池。
Angle of inclination, 倾斜角，即电池板和水平方向的夹角，0-90度之间。
Anode, 阳极, 正极.BBack Surface Field, 缩写BSF, 在晶体太阳能电池板背部附加的电子层, 来提高电流值. Bandbreak, 在半导体中, 价带和导带之间的空隙,对于半导体的吸收特性有重要意义. Becquerel, Alexandre-Edmond, 法国物理学家, 在1839年发现了电池板效应.BSF, back surface field的缩写.Bypass-Diode, 与太阳能电池并联的二极管, 当一个太阳能电池被挡住, 其他太阳能电池产生的电流可以从它处通过.CCadmium-Tellurium, 缩写CdTe; 位于II/VI位的半导体, 带空隙值为1,45eV, 有很好的吸收性, 应用于超薄太阳能电池板, 或者是连接半导体.Cathode, 阴极，或负极，是在电池板电解液里的带负电的电极，是电池板电解液里带电粒子和导线里导电电子的过渡点。
太阳能英语专业术语
太阳能专业词汇名词解释字母AAA, Ampere的缩写, 安培a-Si:H, amorph silicon的缩写, 含氢的, 非结晶性硅.Absorption, 吸收.Absorption of the photons:光吸收;当能量大于到禁带宽度的光子入射时，太阳电池内的电子能量从价带迁导带，产生电子——空穴对的作用，称为光吸收。
Absorptions coefficien t, 吸收系数, 吸收强度.AC, 交流电.Ah, 安培小时.Acceptor, 接收者, 在半导体中可以接收一个电子.Alternating current, 交流电，简称“交流. 一般指大小和方向随时间作周期性变化的电压或电流. 它的最基本的形式是正弦电流. 我国交流电供电的标准频率规定为50赫兹。
交流电随时间变化的形式可以是多种多样的。
不同变化形式的交流电其应用范围和产生的效果也是不同的。
以正弦交流电应用最为广泛，且其他非正弦交流电一般都可以经过数学处理后，化成为正弦交流电的迭加。
AM, air mass的缩写, 空气质量.直射阳光光束透过大气层所通过的路程，以直射太阳光束从天顶到达海平面所通过的路程的倍数来表示。
当大气压力P=1.013巴，天空无云时，海平面处的大气质量为1。
amorphous silicon solar cell:非晶硅太阳电池（a—si太阳电池）用非晶硅材料及其合金制造的太阳电池称为非晶硅太阳电池，亦称无定形硅太阳电池，简称a—si太阳电池。
Angle of inclination, 倾斜角，即电池板和水平方向的夹角，0-90度之间。
Anode, 阳极, 正极.太阳能专业词汇名词解释字母BBack Surface Field, 缩写BSF, 在晶体太阳能电池板背部附加的电子层, 来提高电流值.Bandbreak, 在半导体中, 价带和导带之间的空隙,对于半导体的吸收特性有重要意义.Becquerel, Alexandre-Edmond, 法国物理学家, 在1839年发现了电池板效应.BSF, back surface field的缩写.Bypass-Diode, 与太阳能电池并联的二极管, 当一个太阳能电池被挡住, 其他太阳能电池产生的电流可以从它处通过.太阳能专业词汇名词解释字母CCadmium-Tellurid, 缩写CdTe; 位于II/VI位的半导体, 带空隙值为1,45eV, 有很好的吸收性, 应用于超薄太阳能电池板, 或者是连接半导体.Cathode, 阴极，或负极，是在电池板电解液里的带负电的电极，是电池板电解液里带电粒子和导线里导电电子的过渡点。
太阳能行业专业术语中英文对照汇总
太阳能行业专业术语中英文对照汇总1. 太阳能发电系统 Solar Power Generation System2. 光伏板 Photovoltaic Panel3. 太阳能电池 Solar Cell4. 太阳辐射 Solar Radiation5. 光伏效率 Photovoltaic Efficiency6. 光伏薄膜 Photovoltaic Film7. 太阳能阵列 Solar Array8. 阳光能够转换的源能量 Potential Energy Converted by Sunlight9. 太阳能热发电 Solar Thermal Power Generation10. 光伏发电 Photovoltaic Power Generation11. 太阳能板 Solar Panel12. 逆变器 Inverter13. 太阳能光伏发电系统 Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System14. 太阳能热水系统 Solar Water Heating System15. 太阳能电池组 Solar Battery Pack16. 漏电保护器 Leakage Protector17. 太阳能光伏电池组 Solar Photovoltaic Battery Pack18. 太阳能光伏电动车 Solar Photovoltaic Electric Vehicle19. 太阳能光伏发电机组 Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Unit20. 太阳能发电塔 Solar Power Generation Tower21. 太阳能发电站 Solar Power Generation Plant22. 太阳能光伏逆变器 Solar Photovoltaic Inverter23. 太阳能电池板 Solar Cell Panel24. 太阳能电力系统 Solar Power System25. 碳排放 Carbon Emissions26. 绿色能源 Green Energy27. 可再生能源 Renewable Energy28. 太阳集热器 Solar Collector29. 太阳能集热器箱体 Solar Collector Box30. 太阳能热发电站 Solar Thermal Power Plant31. 太阳能发电设备 Solar Power Generation Equipment32. 光伏组件 Photovoltaic Module33. 太阳能光伏组件 Solar Photovoltaic Module34. 太阳能发电功率 Solar Power Generation Capacity35. 太阳能发电效益 Solar Power Generation Efficiency36. 太阳能热发电效率 Solar Thermal Power Generation Efficiency37. 太阳能供暖系统 Solar Heating System38. 太阳能温水器 Solar Water Heater39. 太阳能光伏装置 Solar Photovoltaic Device40. 太阳能热力系统 Solar Thermal System41. 太阳能电池片 Solar Cell Wafer42. 太阳能热发电板 Solar Thermal Power Generation Board43. 太阳能热发电效益 Solar Thermal Power Generation Benefit44. 太阳能热发电塔式反应器 Solar Thermal Power Generation Tower Reactor45. 光伏面板 Photovoltaic Panel46. 太阳能光伏面板 Solar Photovoltaic Panel47. 太阳能热板 Solar Thermal Plate48. 太阳能直驱泵 Solar Direct Drive Pump49. 太阳能冷水机组 Solar Cooling Unit50. 太阳能蓄电系统 Solar Battery Charging System。
太阳能电池行业英语词汇
Photovoltaic (PV) Array— An interconnected system of PV modules that function as a single electricity-producing unit. The modules are assembled as a discrete structure, with common support or mounting. In smaller systems, an array can consist of a single module.Photovoltaic (PV) Cell— The smallest semiconductor element within a PV moduleto perform the immediate conversion of light into electrical energy (direct currentvoltage and current). Also called a solar cell.Photovoltaic (PV) Conversion Efficiency— The ratio of the electric power produced by a photovoltaic device to the power of the sunlight incident on the device.Photovoltaic (PV) Device— A solid-state electrical device that converts light directly into direct current electricity of voltage-current characteristics that are a function of the characteristics of the light source and the materials in and design of the device. Solar photovoltaic devices are made of various semiconductor materials including silicon, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, and gallium arsenide, and in single crystalline, multicrystalline, or amorphous forms.Photovoltaic (PV) Effect— The phenomenon that occurs when photons, the "particles" in a beam of light, knock electrons loose from the atoms they strike. When this property of light is combined with the properties of semiconductor s, electrons flow in one direction across a junction, setting up a voltage. With the addition of circuitry, current will flow and electric power will be available.Photovoltaic (PV) Generator— The total of all PV strings of a PV power supply system, which are electrically interconnected.Photovoltaic (PV) Module— The smallest environmentally protected, essentially planar assembly of solar cells and ancillary parts, such as interconnections, terminals, [and protective devices such as diodes] intended to generate direct current power under unconcentrated sunlight. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can either be the top layer (superstrate) or the back layer (substrate).Photovoltaic (PV) Panel— often used interchangeably with PV module (especially in one-module systems), but more accurately used to refer to a physically connected collection of modules (i.e., a laminate string of modules used to achieve a required voltage and current).Photovoltaic (PV) System— A complete set of components for converting sunlight into electricity by the photovoltaic process, including the array and balance of system components.Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) System— A photovoltaic system that, in addition to converting sunlight into electricity, collects the residual heat energy and delivers both heat and electricity in usable form. Also called a total energy system.Physical Vapor Deposition— A method of depositing thin semiconductor photovoltaic films. With this method, physical processes, such as thermal evaporation or bombardment of ions, are used to deposit elemental semiconductor material on a substrate.P-I-N— A semiconductor photovoltaic (PV) device structure that layers an intrinsic semiconductor between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor。
太阳能电池英语单词
太阳能电池英语单词Solar Cells: The Heart of Photovoltaic Energy Generation.Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert sunlight into electrical energy. They are the fundamental building blocks of solar panels and play a crucial role in harnessing the vast and renewable resource of solar energy. The concept of solar cells dates back to the early 19th century, but it was not until the20th century that significant progress was made in their development and commercialization.Working Principle of Solar Cells.Solar cells work on the photovoltaic effect, a physical process whereby photons from sunlight knock electrons out of their atoms, creating a flow of electricity. This flow of electricity, known as a photocurrent, can be harnessed and used to power electronic devices.The core of a solar cell is typically made up of silicon, a semiconductor material. When sunlight hits the silicon surface, it excites the electrons in the atoms, causing them to jump out of their original orbit and leave behind positively charged atoms, known as holes. These electrons and holes then migrate to different sides of the cell, creating a separation of charges and resulting in a voltage difference, or a potential difference, across the cell.Types of Solar Cells.Solar cells can be classified into several types based on their structure and materials used. Some of the common types include:1. Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: These are the most common type of solar cells and are made from silicon wafers. They are further classified into monocrystalline and polycrystalline varieties. Monocrystalline solar cells are made from a single crystal of silicon and have higherefficiency but are more expensive to produce. Polycrystalline solar cells are made from multiple silicon crystals and are less efficient but cheaper to produce.2. Thin-Film Solar Cells: These solar cells are made from very thin layers of semiconducting materials, such as silicon, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and amorphous silicon. They are less efficient than crystalline silicon solar cells but are cheaper to produce and can be applied to flexible substrates, making them suitable for use in curved surfaces and lightweight applications.3. Multi-junction Solar Cells: These solar cells are composed of multiple layers of semiconducting materials, each optimized to absorb a different part of the solar spectrum. They are typically used in spacecraft and high-efficiency solar power systems where weight and space are limited.4. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC): These solar cells use a photosensitive dye to absorb sunlight and convert itinto electricity. They are relatively new and still in the research and development stage but offer the potential for low-cost and efficient solar energy conversion.Applications of Solar Cells.Solar cells have a wide range of applications, from powering small electronic devices to large-scale solar power plants. Some of the common applications include:1. Residential Solar Power Systems: Solar cells can be installed on rooftops or in open spaces to generate electricity for household use. This reduces dependency on grid electricity and can help homeowners save money on their utility bills.2. Utility-Scale Solar Power Plants: Large-scale solar power plants use thousands of solar cells mounted on trackers or fixed mounts to generate electricity for commercial use. These plants can supply power to utilities and distribute it to customers through the electric grid.3. Mobile and Portable Devices: Solar cells are often used to power mobile phones, laptops, and other portable electronic devices. They can be integrated into the devices themselves or attached as external power packs.4. Spacecraft and Satellites: Solar cells are essential for powering spacecraft and satellites. They provide a reliable and efficient source of electricity in space, where there is no access to fossil fuels or othertraditional power sources.Advantages and Challenges of Solar Cells.Solar cells offer several advantages as a renewable energy source:Renewable and Sustainable: Solar energy is an infinite resource, and solar cells convert it into electricity without emitting greenhouse gases or other pollutants.Low Maintenance: Solar cells have no moving parts and require minimal maintenance once installed.Scalable: Solar cells can be scaled up or down to meet different power requirements, from small devices to large-scale power plants.However, there are also some challenges and limitations to solar cell technology:Cost: Although solar cell technology has become more affordable in recent years, the initial investment cost can still be high compared to traditional power sources.Efficiency: The efficiency of solar cells, measured as the percentage of sunlight converted into electricity, is still relatively low compared to fossil fuel-based power plants.Weather Dependence: Solar cells rely on sunlight to generate electricity, so their performance can be affected by cloudy or rainy weather.Conclusion.Solar cells are a crucial component of solar energy systems and play a vital role in harnessing the vast potential of solar energy. With continued research and development, solar cell technology is expected to become more efficient, affordable, and widely used, contributing to a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.。
太阳能电池 (Solar cell)
同质结电池
同质结电池
异质结电池
异质结电池
肖特基结电池
肖特基结电池
光电化学电池
Photogaluanic cell
光电化学电池
Photogaluanic cell
Voc = 0.175 V η = 0.03%
光电化学电池
Semiconductor/electrolyte cell
光电化学电池
太阳能电池 (Solar cell)
主要种类
同质结电池 (homojunction cell) 异质结电池 (heterojunction cell) 肖特基结电池 (Schottky solar cell) 光电化学电池 (photoelectrochemical cell)
太阳能电池专业英语
A1.中文：暗饱和电流英文：Dark Saturation Current解释：没有光照的条件下，将PN结反偏达到饱和时的电流。
降低暗饱和电流利于提高电池品质在以下的理想二极管公式中，I =流过二极管的总电流; I0 = “暗饱和电流”, V = 加在二极管两端的电压B1.中文：包装密度英文：Packing density解释：组件中被太阳能电池覆盖的面积对比于整个组件的面积。
它影响了组件的输出功率及工作温度2.中文：背电场英文：Back Surface Field解释：在电池背面由于重掺杂引起的电场。
该电场会排斥少数载流子以使它们远离高复合率的背表面3.中文：背面反射/底面反射英文：Rear Surface Reflection解释：穿过电池而未被吸收的长波光会被电池背面的金属或染料反射回电池，增大吸收概率4.中文：本底掺杂英文：Background Doping解释：电池衬底的掺杂浓度5.中文：表面制绒英文：Surface Texturing解释：用物理或化学的方法将平滑的硅电池表面变得粗糙，增大光捕获，减小反射6.中文：并网系统英文：Grid-connected Systems解释：并网系统指由光伏组件供电的，接入公用电网的光伏系统。
这类系统无须蓄电池7.中文：薄膜太阳能电池英文：Thin-film Solar Cells解释：薄膜太阳能电池是通过在衬底上镀光伏材料薄层制成的，厚度从几微米到几十微米不等。
成本较低但效率普遍较低8.中文：复合英文：Recommbination解释：又称为载流子复合，是指半导体中的载流子（电子和空穴）成对消失的过程。
9.中文：表面复合速率英文：Surface Recombination Velocity解释：当少子在表面消失时，由于浓度梯度，少子会从电池体流向表面。
表面复合速度表征表面复合的强弱。
C1.中文：掺杂英文：Doping解释：在本征半导体里加入施主或受主杂质（通常是磷或硼）使半导体内自由载流子浓度变高并使其具有p型或n型半导体的性质2.中文：串联电阻英文：Series Resistance解释：由电池体、电极接触等产生的分压电阻。
专业英语-太阳能电池
太阳能电池行业英语词汇
太阳能电池行业英语词汇A,Ampere的缩写, 安培a-Si:H, amorphous silicon的缩写, 含氢的, 非结晶性硅.Absorption, 吸收.Absorption of the photons:光吸收;当能量大于禁带宽度的光子入射时，太阳电池内的电子能量从价带迁到导带，产生电子——空穴对的作用，称为光吸收。
Absorptions coefficient, 吸收系数, 吸收强度.AC, 交流电.Ah, 安培小时.Acceptor, 接收者, 在半导体中可以接收一个电子.Alternating current, 交流电，简称“交流. 一般指大小和方向随时间作周期性变化的电压或电流. 它的最基本的形式是正弦电流. 我国交流电供电的标准频率规定为50赫兹。
交流电随时间变化的形式可以是多种多样的。
不同变化形式的交流电其应用范围和产生的效果也是不同的。
以正弦交流电应用最为广泛，且其他非正弦交流电一般都可以经过数学处理后，化成为正弦交流电的迭加。
AM, air mass的缩写, 空气质量.直射阳光光束透过大气层所通过的路程，以直射太阳光束从天顶到达海平面所通过的路程的倍数来表示。
当大气压力P=1.013巴，天空无云时，海平面处的大气质量为1。
amorphous silicon solar cell:非晶硅太阳电池（a—si太阳电池）用非晶硅材料及其合金制造的太阳电池称为非晶硅太阳电池，亦称无定形硅太阳电池，简称a—si太阳电池。
Angle of inclination, 倾斜角，即电池板和水平方向的夹角，0-90度之间。
Anode, 阳极, 正极.BBack Surface Field, 缩写BSF, 在晶体太阳能电池板背部附加的电子层, 来提高电流值. Bandbreak, 在半导体中, 价带和导带之间的空隙,对于半导体的吸收特性有重要意义. Becquerel, Alexandre-Edmond, 法国物理学家, 在1839年发现了电池板效应. BSF, back surface field的缩写.Bypass-Diode, 与太阳能电池并联的二极管, 当一个太阳能电池被挡住, 其他太阳能电池产生的电流可以从它处通过.CCadmium-Tellurium, 缩写CdTe; 位于II/VI位的半导体, 带空隙值为1,45eV, 有很好的吸收性, 应用于超薄太阳能电池板, 或者是连接半导体.Cathode, 阴极，或负极，是在电池板电解液里的带负电的电极，是电池板电解液里带电粒子和导线里导电电子的过渡点。
太阳能专业词汇中英文版重点词汇
太阳能专业词汇中英文版太阳能电池: solar cell ;solar battery太阳能电池板: solar panel;solar cell panel太阳能热水器: soalr energy water heater;solar water heater;solar hot water heater;solar water collector电加热: electric heating;electrical heating太阳能草坪灯: solar energy lawn light;solar lawn light太阳能路灯: solar energy street lamp;solar street lamp太阳能庭院灯: solar energy courtyard light;solar courtyard light太阳能交通灯: solar energy traffic light;solar energy traffic signal太阳能树脂工艺品: solar energy polyresin crafts;太阳能充电灯: solar energy charging light太阳能空调: solar airconditioning生产设备: production equipment;production facilities保温材料: insulation;thermal-protection material集热管: heat collection电热带保温管: insulation pipe;holding tabe;bubular holder;covered pipe配件: fittings ; fitting生产线：product line测控仪：observe and control水位：waterwater level，water line水温: water temperature ;water temperature光控开关：photoswitch蓄电池: accumulator, secondary, cellstorage, battery,storage cell承压：pressure进水口: infall出水口：osculum，outlet，water outlet，dischatge port，drainage opening，delivery port，water outlet，delivery gate，drain outlet发光二极管：light-emittig diode, LED太阳能供电系统：solar power system控制器：controller;director;control逆变器：inverter;invertor;电线：electrical wire;current lead ;electric line;flex;wire;cord;shoestring;power cord冷阴极灯管：CCFL冷阴极灯：cold cathode lamp节能灯：energy-saving lamp支架：bracket;support;不锈钢：stainless steel反光板：inlluminator铸铝：cast aluminium;aluminum casting;cast aluminum聚光灯/投光灯：spoting light霓虹灯：neon light;neon sign锂电池：lithium cell;lithium power镍镉电池：nickel cadmium cell;nickel-cadmium cell;nickel cadmium battery镍氢电池：nickel hydrogen cell铅酸电池：lead-acid cell;lead-acid battery;灯柱：light staff;lamp post;light staff;lighting column;lighting standard输出电压：output voltage输出电流：current output ;outgoing current ;output current非晶硅：amorphous silicon;non crystallosilicon ;noncrystallosilicon多晶硅：multicrystal silicon; polycrystalline silicon; silicon polycrystal单晶硅：monocrystalline silicon;single crystalline silicon短路电压：short circuit voltage短路电流：shore circuit current ;short circuit current额定功率：nominal power ;normal power ;power rating ;rated horse power ;rated power 硅胶：silica gel环氧树脂：araldite ;epoxide resin ;epoxy resin亮度：brightnesslighteness；lum；luminance；luminosity光强：intensity of light ;lighting intensity ;luminous intensity电压：electric pressure;electric voltage;voltage电流：electric current ;electrical current直流：direct current交流：alternating current ;interflow水箱：water tank;storage cistern;内胆：internal bladder保温层：insulating blanket ;insulating coat ;insulating layer ;insulation course ;thermal barrier ;thermal insulation layer。
太阳能电池专业英语
A, Ampere 的缩写, 安培a-Si:H, amorph silicon 的缩写, 含氢的, 非结晶性硅.Absorption, 吸收.Absorption of the photons:光吸收;当能量大于禁带宽度的光子入射时，太阳电池内的电子能量从价带迁到导带，产生电子——空穴对的作用，称为光吸收。
Absorptionscoefficien t, 吸收系数, 吸收强度.AC, 交流电.Ah, 安培小时.Acceptor, 接收者, 在半导体中可以接收一个电子.Alternating current, 交流电，简称“交流. 一般指大小和方向随时间作周期性变化的电压或电流. 它的最基本的形式是正弦电流. 我国交流电供电的标准频率规定为50 赫兹。
交流电随时间变化的形式可以是多种多样的。
不同变化形式的交流电其应用范围和产生的效果也是不同的。
以正弦交流电应用最为广泛，且其他非正弦交流电一般都可以经过数学处理后，化成为正弦交流电的迭加。
AM, air mass 的缩写, 空气质量.直射阳光光束透过大气层所通过的路程，以直射太阳光束从天顶到达海平面所通过的路程的倍数来表示。
当大气压力P=1.013 巴，天空无云时，海平面处的大气质量为1。
amorphous silicon solar cell:非晶硅太阳电池（a—si 太阳电池）用非晶硅材料及其合金制造的太阳电池称为非晶硅太阳电池，亦称无定形硅太阳电池，简称a—si 太阳电池。
Angle of inclination, 倾斜角，即电池板和水平方向的夹角，0-90 度之间。
Anode, 阳极, 正极.Back Surface Field, 缩写BSF, 在晶体太阳能电池板背部附加的电子层, 来提高电流值.Bandbreak, 在半导体中, 价带和导带之间的空隙,对于半导体的吸收特性有重要意义.Becquerel, Alexandre-Edmond, 法国物理学家, 在1839 年发现了电池板效应.BSF, back surface field 的缩写.Bypas-Diode, 与太阳能电池并联的二极管, 当一个太阳能电池被挡住, 其他太阳能电池产生的电流可以从它处通过.Cadmium-Tellurid, 缩写CdTe; 位于II/VI 位的半导体, 带空隙值为1,45eV, 有很好的吸收性, 应用于超薄太阳能电池板, 或者是连接半导体.Cathode, 阴极，或负极，是在电池板电解液里的带负电的电极，是电池板电解液里带电粒子和导线里导电电子的过渡点。
太阳能专业英语汇总
10.The practicability of selective black Ni-Sn alloy surface by means of electrop- lating is investigated according to the requirements that solar collector surface sho- uld have high absorptance(α_)in visible spectrum and low emittance(ε).
北京清华紫光太阳能技术研究所是致力于太阳能热水器、太阳能集热工程、太阳能光伏等新能源的技术开发，产品生产、市场营销及完善的售后服务为一体的综合型企业，公司集清华大学的特殊优势和17年的市场积累，以品牌、资源及资金为发展支点，开发绿色节能产品，特别是太阳能热水器和太阳能大型集热工程的应用技术，凭借对科技成果产业化的管理能力和经验，逐步发展成为较具规模和引导行业技术发展的企业。收藏指正
太阳能热动力系统Brayton装置与Stirling装置分析与比较收藏指Байду номын сангаас
3.Field Layout and CPC Researches in Tower Solar Power Plants and Roof CPV Design
塔式太阳能热发电站镜场和CPC及屋顶CPV设计研究收藏指正
21.This paper presents a brief description of the construction,characteristics and the application prospects of the space used Solar Dynamic(SD)power system, while in detail,optimizes the thermal parameters withthe total system weight and the cross drag area for an example of a 10kWClosed Brayton Cycle(CBC)SD power device.
太阳能电池行业英语词汇2
AAbsorber— In a photovoltaic device, the material that readily absorbs photons to generate charge carriers (free electrons or holes).AC— see alternating current.Activated Shelf Life— The period of time, at a specified temperature, that a charged battery can be stored before its capacity falls to an unusable level.Activation Voltage(s)— The voltage(s) at which a charge controller will take action to protect the batteries.Adjustable Set Point— A feature allowing the user to adjust the voltage levels at which a charge controller will become active.Alternating Current (AC)— A type of electrical current, the direction of which is reversed at regular intervals or cycles. In the United States, the standard is 120 reversals or 60 cycles per second. Electricity transmission networks use AC because voltage can be controlled with relative ease.Acceptor— A dopant material, such as boron, which has fewer outer shell electrons than required in an otherwise balanced crystal structure, providing a hole, which can accept a free electron.AIC— See amperage interrupt capability.Air mass (sometimes called air mass ratio)— Equal to the cosine of the zenith angle-that angle from directly overhead to a line intersecting the sun. The air mass is an indication of the length of the path solar radiation travels through the atmosphere. An air mass of 1.0 means the sun is directly overhead and the radiation travels through one atmosphere (thickness).Ambient Temperature— The temperature of the surrounding area.Amorphous Semiconductor— A non-crystalline semiconductor material that has no long-range order.Amorphous Silicon— A thin-film, silicon photovoltaic cell having no crystalline structure. Manufactured by depositing layers of doped silicon on a substrate. See also single-crystal silicon an polycrystalline silicon.Amperage Interrupt Capability (AIC)—direct current fuses should be rated with a sufficient AIC to interrupt the highest possible current.Ampere (amp)— A unit of electrical current or rate of flow of electrons. One volt across one ohm of resistance causes a current flow of one ampere.Ampere-Hour (Ah/AH)— A measure of the flow of current (in amperes) over one hour; used to measure battery capacity.Ampere Hour Meter— An instrument that monitors current with time. The indication is the product of current (in amperes) and time (in hours).Angle of Incidence— The angle that a ray of sun makes with a line perpendicular to the surface. For example, a surface that directly faces the sun has a solar angle of incidence of zero, but if the surface is parallel to the sun (for example, sunrise striking a horizontal rooftop), the angle of incidence is 90°.Annual Solar Savings— The annual solar savings of a solar building is the energy savings attributable to a solar feature relative to the energy requirements of a non-solar building.Anode— The positive electrode in an electrochemical cell (battery). Also, the earth or ground in a cathodic protection system. Also, the positive terminal of a diode.Antireflection Coating— A thin coating of a material applied to a solar cell surface that reduces the light reflection and increases light transmission.Array— see photovoltaic (PV) array.Array Current— The electrical current produced by a photovoltaic array when it is exposed to sunlight.Array Operating Voltage— The voltage produced by a photovoltaic array when exposed to sunlight and connected to a load.Autonomous System— See stand-alone system.Availability— The quality or condition of a photovoltaic system being available to provide power to a load. Usually measured in hours per year. One minus availability equals downtime.Azimuth Angle— The angle between true south and the point on the horizon directly below the sun.Back to TopBBalance of System— Represents all components and costs other than the photovoltaic modules/array. It includes design costs, land, site preparation, system installation, support structures, power conditioning, operation and maintenance costs, indirect storage, and related costs.Band Gap— In a semiconductor, the energy difference between the highest valence band and the lowest conduction band.Band Gap Energy (Eg)— The amount of energy (in electron volts) required to free an outer shell electron from its orbit about the nucleus to a free state, and thus promote it from the valence to the conduction level.Barrier Energy— The energy given up by an electron in penetrating the cell barrier; a measure of the electrostatic potential of the barrier.Base Load— The average amount of electric power that a utility must supply in any period.Battery— Two or more electrochemical cells enclosed in a container and electrically interconnected in an appropriate series/parallel arrangement to provide the required operating voltage and current levels. Under common usage, the term battery also applies to a single cell if it constitutes the entire electrochemical storage system.Battery Available Capacity— The total maximum charge, expressed in ampere-hours, that can be withdrawn from a cell or battery under a specific set of operating conditions including discharge rate, temperature, initial state of charge, age, and cut-off voltage.Battery Capacity— The maximum total electrical charge, expressed in ampere-hours, which a battery can deliver to a load under a specific set of conditions.Battery Cell— The simplest operating unit in a storage battery. It consists of one or more positive electrodes or plates, an electrolyte that permits ionic conduction, one or more negative electrodes or plates, separators between plates of opposite polarity, and a container for all the above.Battery Cycle Life— The number of cycles, to a specified depth of discharge, that a cell or battery can undergo before failing to meet its specified capacity or efficiency performance criteria.Battery Energy Capacity— The total energy available, expressed in watt-hours (kilowatt-hours), which can be withdrawn from a fully charged cell or battery. The energy capacity of a given cell varies with temperature, rate, age, and cut-off voltage. This term is more common to system designers than it is to the battery industry where capacity usually refers to ampere-hours.Battery Energy Storage— Energy storage using electrochemical batteries. The three main applications for battery energy storage systems include spinning reserve at generating stations, load leveling at substations, and peak shaving on the customer side of the meter.Battery Life— The period during which a cell or battery is capable of operating above a specified capacity or efficiency performance level. Life may be measured in cycles and/or years, depending on the type of service for which the cell or battery is intended.BIPV (Building-Integrated Photovoltaics)— A term for the design and integration of photovoltaic (PV) technology into the building envelope, typically replacing conventional building materials. This integration may be in vertical facades, replacing view glass, spandrel glass, or other facade material; into semitransparent skylight systems; into roofing systems, replacing traditional roofing materials; into shading "eyebrows" over windows; or other building envelope systems.Blocking Diode— A semiconductor connected in series with a solar cell or cells and a storage battery to keep the battery from discharging through the cell when there is no output, or low output, from the solar cell. It can be thought of as a one-way valve that allows electrons to flow forwards, but not backwards.Boron (B)— The chemical element commonly used as the dopant in photovoltaic device or cell material.Boule— A sausage-shaped, synthetic single-crystal mass grown in a special furnace, pulled and turned at a rate necessary to maintain the single-crystal structure during growth.Btu (British Thermal Unit)— The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit; equal to 252 calories.Bypass Diode— A diode connected across one or more solar cells in a photovoltaic module such that the diode will conduct if the cell(s) become reverse biased. It protects these solar cells from thermal destruction in case of total or partial shading of individual solar cells while other cells are exposed to full light.Back to TopCCadmium (Cd)— A chemical element used in making certain types of solar cells and batteries.Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)— A polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic material.Capacity (C)— See battery capacity.Capacity Factor— The ratio of the average load on (or power output of) an electricity generating unit or system to the capacity rating of the unit or system over a specified period of time.Captive Electrolyte Battery— A battery having an immobilized electrolyte (gelled or absorbed in a material).Cathode— The negative pole or electrode of an electrolytic cell, vacuum tube, etc., where electrons enter (current leaves) the system; the opposite of an anode.Cathodic Protection— A method of preventing oxidation of the exposed metal in structures by imposing a small electrical voltage between the structure and the ground.Cd— see cadmium.CdTe— see cadmium telluride.Cell (battery)— A single unit of an electrochemical device capable of producing direct voltage by converting chemical energy into electrical energy. A battery usually consists of several cells electrically connected together to produce higher voltages. (Sometimes the terms cell and battery are used interchangeably). Also see photovoltaic (PV) cell.Cell Barrier— A very thin region of static electric charge along the interface of the positive and negative layers in a photovoltaic cell. The barrier inhibits the movement of electrons from one layer to the other, so that higher-energy electrons from one side diffuse preferentially through it in one direction, creating a current and thus a voltage across the cell. Also called depletion zone or space charge.Cell Junction— The area of immediate contact between two layers (positive and negative) of a photovoltaic cell. The junction lies at the center of the cell barrier or depletion zone.Charge— The process of adding electrical energy to a battery.Charge Carrier— A free and mobile conduction electron or hole in a semiconductor.Charge Controller— A component of a photovoltaic system that controls the flow of current to and from the battery to protect it from over-charge and over-discharge. The charge controller may also indicate the system operational status.Charge Factor— A number representing the time in hours during which a battery can be charged at a constant current without damage to the battery. Usually expressed in relation to the total battery capacity, i.e., C/5 indicates a charge factor of 5 hours. Related to charge rate.Charge Rate— The current applied to a cell or battery to restore its available capacity. This rate is commonly normalized by a charge control device with respect to the rated capacity of the cell or battery.Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)— A method of depositing thin semiconductor films used to make certain types of photovoltaic devices. With this method, a substrate is exposed to one or more vaporized compounds, one or more of which contain desirable constituents. A chemical reaction is initiated, at or near the substrate surface, to produce the desired material that will condense on the substrate.Cleavage of Lateral Epitaxial Films for Transfer (CLEFT)— A process for making inexpensive Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) photovoltaic cells in which a thin film of GaAs is grown atop a thick, single-crystal GaAs (or other suitable material) substrate and then is cleaved from the substrate and incorporated into a cell, allowing the substrate to be reused to grow more thin-film GaAs.Cloud Enhancement— The increase in solar intensity caused by reflected irradiance from nearby clouds.Combined Collector— A photovoltaic device or module that provides useful heat energy in addition to electricity.Concentrator— A photovoltaic module, which includes optical components such as lenses (Fresnel lens) to direct and concentrate sunlight onto a solar cell of smaller area. Most concentrator arrays must directly face or track the sun. They can increase the power flux of sunlight hundreds of times.Conduction Band (or conduction level)— An energy band in a semiconductor in which electrons can move freely in a solid, producing a net transport of charge.Conductor— The material through which electricity is transmitted, such as an electrical wire, or transmission or distribution line.Contact Resistance— The resistance between metallic contacts and the semiconductor.Conversion Efficiency— See photovoltaic (conversion) efficiency.Converter— A unit that converts a direct current (dc) voltage to another dc voltage.Copper Indium Diselenide (CuInSe2, or CIS)— A polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic material (sometimes incorporating gallium (CIGS) and/or sulfur).Crystalline Silicon— A type of photovoltaic cell made from a slice of single-crystal silicon or polycrystalline silicon.Current— See electric current.Current at Maximum Power (Imp)— The current at which maximum power is available from a module.Cutoff Voltage— The voltage levels (activation) at which the charge controller disconnects the photovoltaic array from the battery or the load from the battery.Cycle— The discharge and subsequent charge of a battery.Czochralski Process— A method of growing large size, high quality semiconductor crystal by slowly lifting a seed crystal from a molten bath of the material under careful cooling conditions.Back to TopDDangling Bonds— A chemical bond associated with an atom on the surface layer of a crystal. The bond does not join with another atom of the crystal, but extends in the direction of exterior of the surface.Days of Storage— The number of consecutive days the stand-alone system will meet a defined load without solar energy input. This term is related to system availability.DC— See direct current.DC-to-DC Converter— Electronic circuit to convert direct current voltage s (e.g., photovoltaic module voltage) into other levels (e.g., load voltage). Can be part of a maximum power point tracker.Deep-Cycle Battery— A battery with large plates that can withstand many discharges to a low state-of-charge.Deep Discharge— Discharging a battery to 20% or less of its full charge capacity.Depth of Discharge (DOD)— The ampere-hours removed from a fully charged cell or battery, expressed as a percentage of rated capacity. For example, the removal of 25 ampere-hours from a fully charged 100 ampere-hours rated cell results in a 25% depth of discharge. Under certain conditions, such as discharge rates lower than that used to rate the cell, depth of discharge can exceed 100%.Dendrite— A slender threadlike spike of pure crystalline material, such as silicon.Dendritic Web Technique— A method for making sheets of polycrystalline silicon in which silicon dendrites are slowly withdrawn from a melt of silicon whereupon a web of silicon forms between the dendrites and solidifies as it rises from the melt and cools.Depletion Zone— Same as cell barrier. The term derives from the fact that this microscopically thin region is depleted of charge carriers (free electrons and hole).Design Month— The month having the combination of insolation and load that requires the maximum energy from the photovoltaic array.Diffuse Insolation— Sunlight received indirectly as a result of scattering due to clouds, fog, haze, dust, or other obstructions in the atmosphere. Opposite of direct insolation.Diffuse Radiation— Radiation received from the sun after reflection and scattering by the atmosphere and ground.Diffusion Furnace— Furnace used to make junctions in semiconductor s by diffusing dopant atoms into the surface of the material.Diffusion Length— The mean distance a free electron or hole moves before recombining with another hole or electron.Diode— An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only. See blocking diode and bypass diode.Direct Beam Radiation— Radiation received by direct solar rays. Measured by a pyrheliometer with a solar aperture of 5.7° to transcribe the solar disc.Direct Current (DC)— A type of electricity transmission and distribution by which electricity flows in one direction through the conductor, usually relatively low voltage and high current. To be used for typical 120 volt or 220 volt household appliances, DC must be converted to alternating current, its opposite.Direct Insolation— Sunlight falling directly upon a collector. Opposite of diffuse insolation.Discharge— The withdrawal of electrical energy from a battery.Discharge Factor— A number equivalent to the time in hours during which a battery is discharged at constant current usually expressed as a percentage of the total battery capacity, i.e., C/5 indicates a discharge factor of 5 hours. Related to discharge rate.Discharge Rate— The rate, usually expressed in amperes or time, at which electrical current is taken from the battery.Disconnect— Switch gear used to connect or disconnect components in a photovoltaic system.Distributed Energy Resources (DER)— A variety of small, modularpower-generating technologies that can be combined with energy management and storage systems and used to improve the operation of the electricity delivery system, whether or not those technologies are connected to an electricity grid.Distributed Generation— A popular term for localized or on-site power generation.Distributed Power— Generic term for any power supply located near the point where the power is used. Opposite of central power. See stand-alone systems.Distributed Systems— Systems that are installed at or near the location where the electricity is used, as opposed to central systems that supply electricity to grids. A residential photovoltaic system is a distributed system.Donor— In a photovoltaic device, an n-type dopant, such as phosphorus, that puts an additional electron into an energy level very near the conduction band; this electron is easily exited into the conduction band where it increases the electrical conductivity over than of an undoped semiconductor.Donor Level— The level that donates conduction electrons to the system.Dopant— A chemical element (impurity) added in small amounts to an otherwise pure semiconductor material to modify the electrical properties of the material. An n-dopant introduces more electrons. A p-dopant creates electron vacancies (holes).Doping— The addition of dopants to a semiconductor.Downtime— Time when the photovoltaic system cannot provide power for the load. Usually expressed in hours per year or that percentage.Dry Cell— A cell (battery) with a captive electrolyte. A primary battery that cannot be recharged.Duty Cycle— The ratio of active time to total time. Used to describe the operating regime of appliances or loads in photovoltaic systems.Duty Rating— The amount of time an inverter (power conditioning unit) can produce at full rated power.Back to TopEEdge-Defined Film-Fed Growth (EFG)— A method for making sheets of polycrystalline silicon for photovoltaic devices in which molten silicon is drawn upward by capillary action through a mold.Electric Circuit— The path followed by electrons from a power source (generator or battery), through an electrical system, and returning to the source.Electric Current— The flow of electrical energy (electricity) in a conductor, measured in amperes.Electrical grid— An integrated system of electricity distribution, usually covering a large area.Electricity— Energy resulting from the flow of charge particles, such as electrons or ions.Electrochemical Cell— A device containing two conducting electrodes, one positive and the other negative, made of dissimilar materials (usually metals) that are immersed in a chemical solution (electrolyte) that transmits positive ions from the negative to the positive electrode and thus forms an electrical charge. One or more cells constitute a battery.Electrode— A conductor that is brought in conducting contact with a ground.Electrodeposition— Electrolytic process in which a metal is deposited at the cathode from a solution of its ions.Electrolyte— A nonmetallic (liquid or solid) conductor that carries current by the movement of ions (instead of electrons) with the liberation of matter at the electrodes of an electrochemical cell.Electron— An elementary particle of an atom with a negative electrical charge and a mass of 1/1837 of a proton; electrons surround the positively charged nucleus of an atom and determine the chemical properties of an atom. The movement of electrons in an electrical conductor constitutes an electric current.Electron Volt (eV)— The amount of kinetic energy gained by an electron when accelerated through an electric potential difference of 1 Volt; equivalent to 1.603 x10^-19; a unit of energy or work.Energy— The capability of doing work; different forms of energy can be converted to other forms, but the total amount of energy remains the same.Energy Audit— A survey that shows how much energy used in a home, which helps find ways to use less energy.Energy Contribution Potential—Recombination occurring in the emitter region of a photovoltaic cell.Energy Density— The ratio of available energy per pound; usually used to compare storage batteries.Energy Levels— The energy represented by an electron in the band model of a substance.。
太阳能电池专业英语
A1.中文：暗饱和电流英文：Dark Saturation Current解释：没有光照的条件下，将PN结反偏达到饱和时的电流。
降低暗饱和电流利于提高电池品质在以下的理想二极管公式中，I =流过二极管的总电流; I0 = “暗饱和电流”, V = 加在二极管两端的电压B1.中文：包装密度英文：Packing density解释：组件中被太阳能电池覆盖的面积对比于整个组件的面积。
它影响了组件的输出功率及工作温度2.中文：背电场英文：Back Surface Field解释：在电池背面由于重掺杂引起的电场。
该电场会排斥少数载流子以使它们远离高复合率的背表面3.中文：背面反射/底面反射英文：Rear Surface Reflection解释：穿过电池而未被吸收的长波光会被电池背面的金属或染料反射回电池，增大吸收概率4.中文：本底掺杂英文：Background Doping解释：电池衬底的掺杂浓度5.中文：表面制绒英文：Surface Texturing解释：用物理或化学的方法将平滑的硅电池表面变得粗糙，增大光捕获，减小反射6.中文：并网系统英文：Grid-connected Systems解释：并网系统指由光伏组件供电的，接入公用电网的光伏系统。
这类系统无须蓄电池7.中文：薄膜太阳能电池英文：Thin-film Solar Cells解释：薄膜太阳能电池是通过在衬底上镀光伏材料薄层制成的，厚度从几微米到几十微米不等。
成本较低但效率普遍较低8.中文：复合英文：Recommbination解释：又称为载流子复合，是指半导体中的载流子（电子和空穴）成对消失的过程。
9.中文：表面复合速率英文：Surface Recombination Velocity解释：当少子在表面消失时，由于浓度梯度，少子会从电池体流向表面。
表面复合速度表征表面复合的强弱。
C1.中文：掺杂英文：Doping解释：在本征半导体里加入施主或受主杂质（通常是磷或硼）使半导体内自由载流子浓度变高并使其具有p型或n型半导体的性质2.中文：串联电阻英文：Series Resistance解释：由电池体、电极接触等产生的分压电阻。
Organic and Polymer Solar Cells
Organic and Polymer Solar Cells太阳能电池是一种将太阳能转化为电能的设备。
它们分为两种类型：有机太阳能电池和聚合物太阳能电池。
这两种太阳能电池各具优点和缺点，但它们都是将太阳能转化为可用能源的重要途径。
有机太阳能电池（OSC）是一种基于有机半导体材料的薄膜太阳能电池。
它们的界面由两个有机材料组成，被薄膜所包围。
OSC的优点在于其低成本、轻量、柔性、可印刷、易于制造和可回收的特点。
此外，有机材料通常具有良好的光学和电学性质，因此它们可以有效地吸收太阳能并将其转化为电能。
因为它们是薄膜形式的，所以它们可以非常方便地整合到建筑、汽车、电子设备等产品中，为这些产品提供绿色的能源解决方案。
聚合物太阳能电池（PSC）是一种基于聚合物半导体材料的薄膜太阳能电池。
与OSC不同，PSC使用聚合物材料来构建薄膜，在光吸收和电子输运方面具有比有机材料更好的性质。
PSC还可以通过改变聚合物结构、添加填料和混合材料等方式来调整器件的性能，从而满足不同的应用需求。
PSC的主要优点在于其具有更高的光电转换效率和更好的稳定性。
尽管OSC和PSC之间存在一些区别，但它们都基于相似的太阳能电池技术，并且都受到日益增长的全球太阳能市场的推动。
全球越来越多的人们意识到太阳能是一种可再生、洁净、可持续的能源，OSC和PSC作为其中一种重要的技术实现方式也受到越来越多的关注。
然而，OSC和PSC还存在一些技术挑战，例如电池效率的提高、电池的长期稳定性、材料的成本和生产效率等。
解决这些挑战需要全球科学家和产业人员共同努力，提高材料和器件的性能，同时降低成本和提高生产效率。
总之，有机太阳能电池和聚合物太阳能电池是两种非常有前景的太阳能技术。
它们具有低成本、轻量、柔性、可印刷、易于制造和可回收的优点，并且在不同的应用场景和市场需求中有其自身的优势。
随着科学技术的不断发展和全球太阳能市场的不断扩大，OSC和PSC将会继续成为太阳能技术发展的重要推动力量。
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英文：Recombination Loss
解释：在被电极收集之前电子与空穴的复合使电能流失。
12.中文：副栅线
英文：Fingers
解释：太阳能电池的电极的一部分，用于收集积累于电池表面的电荷从而形成外电路电流。副栅线通常由丝网印刷金属浆料或者电镀金属形成，宽度小于130微米，与主栅（bus bar）相连。
英文：Grid-connected Systems
解释：并网系统指由光伏组件供电的，接入公用电网的光伏系统。这类系统无须蓄电池
7.中文：薄膜太阳能电池
英文：Thin-film Solar Cells
解释：薄膜太阳能电池是通过在衬底上镀光伏材料薄层制成的，厚度从几微米到几十微米不等。成本较低但效率普遍较低
英文：Contact Resistance
解释：指电流流过半导体与电极金属界面所克服的电阻。该电阻是电池总串联电阻的一部分
11.中文：间接带隙半导体
英文：Indirect Band-gap semiconductor
解释：指半导体的能带图上导带底与价带顶不在同一动量上。需要光子与声子共同作用来激发电子孔穴对。硅就是常见的间接带隙半导体
解释：穿过电池而未被吸收的长波光会被电池背面的金属或染料反射回电池，增大吸收概率
4.中文：本底掺杂
英文：Background Doping
解释：电池衬底的掺杂浓度
5.中文：表面制绒
英文：Surface Texturing
解释：用物理或化学的方法将平滑的硅电池表面变得粗糙，增大光捕获，减小反射
6.中文：并网系统
5.中文：电池互联
英文：Cell Interconnection
解释：将电池板串联一起组成电池组件
6.中文：电池降格
英文：Cell Degradation
解释：电池降格指组件在户外工作一段时间后，效能降低。对晶硅电池来说原因包括：电极脱落或被腐蚀，电极金属迁移透过P-N节而降低了并联电阻，减反膜老化，P型材料中形成了硼氧化物等
解释：对于p-n节来说,指n-type接高电势，p-type接低电势
2.中文：方块电阻率/薄层电阻率
英文：Sheet Resistivity
解释：通常表征发射极掺杂浓度的高低。高掺杂则电阻率低但削弱蓝光响应。可通过四点探针测量
3.中文：非晶硅/无定形硅
英文：Amorphous Silicon
解释：硅的一种同素异形体，它的原子间的晶格网络呈无序排列，不存在晶体硅的延展性晶格结构。无定形硅中的部分原子含有悬空键(dangling bond)，虽然可以被氢所填充，但在光的照射下，氢化无定形硅的导电性能将会显着衰退。
A
1.中文：暗饱和电流
英文：Dark Saturation Current
解释：没有光照的条件下，将PN结反偏达到饱和时的电流。降低暗饱和电流利于提高电池品质
在以下的理想二极管公式中，I=流过二极管的总电流;I0=“暗饱和电流”,V=加在二极管两端的电压
B
1.中文：包装密度
英文：Packing density
2.中文：扩散
英文：Diffusion
解释：是粒子通过随机运动从高浓度区域向低浓度区域的网状的传播。在光伏应用中，扩散用于向衬底中参杂施主或受主原子以形成p-n结或高低结
解释：又名传导带，是指半导体或是绝缘体材料中，一个电子所具有能量的范围。这个能量的范围高于价带（valence band），而所有在导带中的电子均可经由外在的电场加速而形成电流。
4.中文：电池工作温度
英文：Cell Operating Temperature
解释：太阳能电池在受到光照激发产生电流时的实际温度。工作温度通常高于标准测试条件（STC)规定的25摄氏度，并且会影响电池的开路电压
7.中文：电流电压特性
英文：Current-Voltage Charateristic
解释：又称为伏安特性，是电子器件的在外部电压偏置的情况下电流随外部变压变化的特性，常用伏安特性曲线来表征。
8.中文：电子空穴对
英文：Electron-hole Pair
解释：半导体中，吸收了一个光子能量的电子离开原子束缚，成为自由载流电子，原来的原子则产生了正电荷，等效于一个孔穴，它们合称电子空穴对
解释：一种镀膜技术。常用于在晶硅电池表面镀氮化硅，二氧化硅，氧化铝等薄膜。
E
1.中文：额定功率
英文：Rated Power/Rated Watt
解释：太阳能电池板在国际通行标准条件下（光谱AM1.5，光强1000W／平米，温度25C）测试出来的输出功率，实际的输出功率受使用环境影响
F
1.中文：反偏
英文：Reverse Bias
解释：由新南威尔士大学研究中心开发的电极设计。激光刻槽使副栅线深埋入电池，在减少电极遮光的同时保持良好的导电。
2.中文：寄生电阻
英文：Parasitic Resistance
解释：电池串联电阻与并联电阻的总称。
3.中文：价带
英文：Valence Band
解释：通常是指半导体中在绝对零度下能被电子占满的最高能带。全充满的价带中的电子不能在固体中自由运动。
4.中文：分布式光伏系统
英文：Distributed PV Systems
解释：小型模块化、分散式、布置在用户附近的，依靠光伏组件发电的电力系统。
5.中文：分流电阻/并联电阻
英文：Shunt Resistance
解释：在太阳能电池等效电路中，并联于电池两端的漏电阻。该电阻会分流掉部分光电流，因此并联电阻越大越好
4.中文：交错背接触电池
英文：Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) Cell
解释：电池的正负极接触都在背面，并且相互交叉，其结构如图所示。
5.中文：减反膜
英文：Antireflection Coating
解释：在电池表面镀上的薄膜，它使入射光由于干涉相消而减少反射率，理想情况下，单层减反膜可使一个特定波长的光的反射率降为零
解释：指电池对不同波长的单色光的响应。通常以量子效率来呈现这种响应。
5.中文：光学损失
英文：Optical Loss
解释：入射光由于受到电池的表面反射，电极遮挡等因素影响而无法在电池中激发载流子形成的损失。通过光陷阱的设计和对电极遮挡的优化可以有效减少光学损失。
6.中文：光照强度
英文：Light Intensity
解释：这是一个等效概念，表征一天中太阳的辐射总能量。数值上等于一天中太阳的总辐射能量(千瓦时/平方米)除以1千瓦/平方米
9.中文：伏安特性曲线
英文：I-V Curve
解释：用来表征电子器件的在外部电压偏置的情况下电流随外部变压变化的特性曲线。
10.中文：复合
英文：Recommbination
解释：又称为载流子复合，是指半导体中的载流子（电子和空穴）成对消失的过程。
8.中文：复合
英文：Recommbination
解释：又称为载流子复合，是指半导体中的载流子（电子和空穴）成对消失的过程。
9.中文：表面复合速率
英文：Surface Recombination Velocity
解释：当少子在表面消失时，由于浓度梯度，少子会从电池体流向表面。表面复合速度表征表面复合的强弱。
H
1.中文：耗尽区/耗尽层
英文：Depletion Region
解释：指在P-N节中P型与N型的交界面周围的区域，通常有几个微米宽。由于该区域内建电场的存在，多数载流子被排斥而形成耗尽区。
J
1.中文：激光刻槽埋栅太阳能电池
英文：LaserＧrooved, BuriedＣontactＳolar Cells
6.中文：金属化（形成电极）
英文：Metallisation
解释：在电池的正表面或背表面上加上金属使电池形成电极接触
7.中文：金字塔（表面制绒结构）
英文：Pyramids
解释：碱溶液对单晶硅的腐蚀是各项异性的，在制绒过程中单晶硅的特定晶面会暴露出来，使得制绒后的硅表面出现数微米高的金字塔
8.中文：禁带
D
1.中文：大气质量/大气光学质量
英文：Air Mass
解释：定义为1/cos(太阳与法线夹角）。表征太阳光到达电池前穿越的大气厚度。不同的AM值还对应不同的太阳光谱
2.中文：带隙
英文：Band Gap
解释：半导体导带与价带之间的能级差。常温下，本征硅的带隙是1.1eV
3.中文：导带
英文：Conduction Band
英文：Building Integrated PV (BIPV)
解释：是使用太阳能光伏材料取代传统建筑材的一种应用方式，通常利用天窗和外墙是作为最大的接光面，使建筑物本身能够为自身提供能源，可以部分或全部供应建筑用电，而不必用外加方式加装太阳能板。由于在建筑设计阶段提前规划，所以发电率和成本比值最佳。
英文：Forbidden Gap
解释：在能带结构中能态密度为零的能量区间。常用来表示价带和导带之间的能态密度为零的能量区间。
9.中文：单晶硅/晶体硅
英文：Crystalline Silicon/Monocrystalline Silicon
解释：硅的单晶体，具有基本完整的点阵结构，纯度高。
10.中文：接触电阻
6.中文：封装
英文：Encapsulation
解释：指将已互联的电池通过层压密封到电池组件里。封装可以实现电池组件防水，防潮，并且增强电池的机械性能。
7.中文：峰瓦
英文：Peak Watts
解释：组件在理想的标准测试条件下的输出功率，该功率值也是组件的额定功率。
8.中文：峰值日照小时数
英文：Peak Sun Hours
9.中文：独立系统
英文：Stand-alone Systems