英语中常见的省略

英语中常见的省略

省略是为了避免重复，突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。【词的省略】

一.省略介词

I spent two hours ( in ) playing basketball .

二.省略连接词that

在know , think , consider , suppose , find , believe ,say , decide ,等动词后的宾语从句中that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可以省略，其余的不可以省略。

I believe ( that ) you will succeed .

I’m sure（that）Mr. Smith will help you .

注意：在宾语从句中，当有两个以上并列从句时，第一个that可以省略，以后的均不可省略。

He said ( that ) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart .

三.省略关系代词

在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that , which , who , whom可省略，非限制性定语从句中的关系词不能省略。

I will give you all ( that ) I have.

Mike read the book ( which ) I bought yesterday .

The girl ( who / whom / that ) the teacher spoke to is Lily .

【句子成分的省略】

一.省略主语。如：

Beg your pardon. ( Beg前省略了主语I )

Take care ! ( Take前省略了主语you )

Looks as if it is going to rain . ( Looks前省略了主语it )

二.省略谓语。如：

Who next? ( Who后面省略了谓语comes )

The lake was deep and the ice thin .( ice后面省略了was ) We will do the best we can . ( can后面省略了动词do ) 三.省略表语。如：

-Are you ready?

-Yes ,I am . ( am后省略了ready )

四.省略宾语。如：

Let’s do the dishes . I’ll wash and you’ll dry . ( wash 和dry后面省略了宾语dishes )

五.省略状语。如：

Tom was not hurt . Strange ! ( Strange前面省略了状语how ) 六.在由and和but连接的句子中，为了避免重复，常省略一些重复的词或词组。

1.省略共同的主语或状语。

Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and ( Mr. Smith )

handed it to a policeman .

2.若主语不同而谓语助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的情态动词或助动词。

Jack must have been playing football and Mary ( must have been ) doing her homework .

3.若主语与谓语相同，则省略后面的主语成分。

His advice made me happy , but ( his advice made ) Jim angry .

4.若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。

I was born in winter 1998 and Bob ( was born in winter ) in 1989 .

5.省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。

He was late because he had overslept and ( because he had ) missed the train .

【特别提醒】

一.省略句可同时省略掉句子的几个成分。如：

What exciting news ! ( = What exciting news it is ! ) Pity he has failed . ( It is a pity that he has failed .)

二.英语中有一些固定的省略结构：

1.在以if , when , while ,till ,though ,as soon as , whenever ,

as if , as , whether , than , unless 等连词引导的状语从句中，如从句中的主要动词是be ，而主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和动词be常省略。如：

If necessary , we shall send a telegram home .

While cycling , don’t forget to see the traffic lights .

I will not go to the party unless ( I am ) invited .

Though ( he was ) tired , he was not disheartened .

I Will go to Beijing next week if ( it is ) possible .

Errors if ( there are ) any , should be corrected .

注意：there be的省略

He got to school earlier than ( he had been ) expected .

2.由固定词组引导的疑问句。如：

What about playing basketball ?

What if it is raining ?

3.在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和句子前部分重复的动词原形而只保留不定式符号to。如：

He may leave if he wishes to .

Don’t go till I tell you to .

4.被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上，但有时省略结构已经定型，如果把省略部分补上，反而不合乎习惯。如：

He is shorter than I am . ( am之后省略short ，补上不合