身份困惑与伦理选择--爱德华.阿尔比戏剧研究(张连桥)思维导图
建构学习法.思维导图
记忆(memory)是脑对过去经历过的事物的反映。它可以是个体 过去经历过，出现在面前——再现出现在面前——回忆 按信息加工理论的说法，记忆是指对输入信息通过编码、复习而予 以储存，并在一定条件下进行检索和提取的过程。
记忆的故事
二、记忆分类及特点
根据内容：形象记忆、词语记忆、情绪记忆与动作记忆。 形象：是以感知过的事物形象为内容的记忆。 词语：是以语词所概括的逻辑思维结果为内容的记忆。亦即以概念、 判断和推理为内容的记忆。 情绪：以体验过的情绪、情感为内容的记忆。 动作：以个体的动作、运动及其系统为内容的记忆。
记忆的故事
三、记忆的基本环节：识记、保持、回忆与再认。
1.识记： 与要记忆的事物接触，接受它的刺激作用并对所接受的信息进 行加工。编码（encoding），指个体在讯息处理时，经由心理运作， 将外在刺激的物理性特征（如声音、形状、颜色等等），转换成另一 种抽象的形式，以便在记忆中贮存并备供以后取用的心理表征。 2、保持和遗忘 保持是人的知识、经验在头脑中的贮存过程。保持就是把所识记的 东西纳人到自己的经验体系中，以备后用。它是记忆过程的又一个环 节。 忘遗就是指对识记过的材料不能回忆或再认，或者表现为错误的回 忆或再认。 3、回忆与再认 是经验恢复的过程，回忆与再认是经验恢复的过程
建构学习法
建构主义是一种关于知识和学习的理 论，强调学习者的主动性，认为学习是学 习者基于原有的知识经验生成意义、建构 理解的过程，而这一过程常常是在社会文 化互动中完成的。 瑞士的皮亚杰(J.Piaget)。他是认知发 展领域最有影响的一位心理学家，他的理 论充满唯物辩证法，坚持从内因和外因相 互作用的观点来研究认知发展。
思维导图.建构学习法
尹丽芳 2015年7月
简爱思维导图-13张(15页)
简爱思维导图1. 简爱简介作者：夏洛蒂·勃朗特出版日期：1847年故事背景：19世纪的英国2. 主要人物简·爱：故事的主人公，一个聪明、独立、勇敢的女性罗切斯特先生：富有的庄园主，简·爱的雇主和爱人阿黛尔：罗切斯特先生的私生女圣约翰·里弗斯：简·爱的表兄，传教士3. 故事情节简·爱的童年：在孤儿院和寄宿学校度过的艰苦岁月到桑菲尔德庄园工作：简·爱成为罗切斯特先生的管家罗切斯特先生与简·爱的爱情：他们之间的感情逐渐升温罗切斯特先生的秘密：他的妻子贝拉·英格拉姆的疯狂和存在简·爱的离开：在发现罗切斯特先生已婚后，简·爱决定离开桑菲尔德简·爱的成长：在莫尔顿村度过的时光，成为教师和独立女性罗切斯特先生的困境：他的妻子贝拉·英格拉姆的死亡简·爱与罗切斯特先生的重逢：他们再次相遇并重新燃起爱情结局：简·爱与罗切斯特先生结婚，过上了幸福的生活4. 主题思想女性独立与自主：简·爱通过自己的努力和坚持，最终实现了自我价值和幸福爱情与婚姻：简·爱与罗切斯特先生的爱情经历了重重考验，但最终获得了幸福社会阶级与性别歧视：故事中反映了19世纪英国社会对女性和低阶层人士的压迫和不公5. 影响与评价简爱对女性文学的影响：成为女性独立和自主的象征文学评论家的评价：被誉为英国文学史上最伟大的小说之一简爱思维导图1. 主要角色简·爱：孤儿，性格坚强，勇敢，聪明罗切斯特先生：庄园主，性格复杂，对简·爱有深厚的感情阿黛尔：罗切斯特先生的私生女，天真无邪圣约翰·里弗斯：简·爱的表兄，传教士，性格严肃2. 故事情节简·爱的成长：在孤儿院和寄宿学校的经历，塑造了她坚强的性格桑菲尔德庄园：简·爱成为罗切斯特先生的管家，两人逐渐产生感情罗切斯特先生的秘密：他的妻子贝拉·英格拉姆的疯狂和存在，导致简·爱离开桑菲尔德简·爱的成长：在莫尔顿村度过的时光，成为教师和独立女性罗切斯特先生的困境：他的妻子贝拉·英格拉姆的死亡简·爱与罗切斯特先生的重逢：他们再次相遇并重新燃起爱情结局：简·爱与罗切斯特先生结婚，过上了幸福的生活3. 主题思想女性独立与自主：简·爱通过自己的努力和坚持，最终实现了自我价值和幸福爱情与婚姻：简·爱与罗切斯特先生的爱情经历了重重考验，但最终获得了幸福社会阶级与性别歧视：故事中反映了19世纪英国社会对女性和低阶层人士的压迫和不公4. 影响与评价简爱对女性文学的影响：成为女性独立和自主的象征文学评论家的评价：被誉为英国文学史上最伟大的小说之一5. 分析与讨论简爱的性格特点：坚强、勇敢、聪明，面对困境从不退缩罗切斯特先生的角色：他的复杂性格和秘密，对简·爱产生了深远的影响故事的象征意义：桑菲尔德庄园、孤儿院、莫尔顿村等地点的象征意义简爱思维导图1. 主要角色简·爱：孤儿，性格坚强，勇敢，聪明罗切斯特先生：庄园主，性格复杂，对简·爱有深厚的感情阿黛尔：罗切斯特先生的私生女，天真无邪圣约翰·里弗斯：简·爱的表兄，传教士，性格严肃2. 故事情节简·爱的成长：在孤儿院和寄宿学校的经历，塑造了她坚强的性格桑菲尔德庄园：简·爱成为罗切斯特先生的管家，两人逐渐产生感情罗切斯特先生的秘密：他的妻子贝拉·英格拉姆的疯狂和存在，导致简·爱离开桑菲尔德简·爱的成长：在莫尔顿村度过的时光，成为教师和独立女性罗切斯特先生的困境：他的妻子贝拉·英格拉姆的死亡简·爱与罗切斯特先生的重逢：他们再次相遇并重新燃起爱情结局：简·爱与罗切斯特先生结婚，过上了幸福的生活3. 主题思想女性独立与自主：简·爱通过自己的努力和坚持，最终实现了自我价值和幸福爱情与婚姻：简·爱与罗切斯特先生的爱情经历了重重考验，但最终获得了幸福社会阶级与性别歧视：故事中反映了19世纪英国社会对女性和低阶层人士的压迫和不公4. 影响与评价简爱对女性文学的影响：成为女性独立和自主的象征文学评论家的评价：被誉为英国文学史上最伟大的小说之一5. 分析与讨论简爱的性格特点：坚强、勇敢、聪明，面对困境从不退缩罗切斯特先生的角色：他的复杂性格和秘密，对简·爱产生了深远的影响故事的象征意义：桑菲尔德庄园、孤儿院、莫尔顿村等地点的象征意义简爱思维导图1. 主要角色简·爱：孤儿，性格坚强，勇敢，聪明罗切斯特先生：庄园主，性格复杂，对简·爱有深厚的感情阿黛尔：罗切斯特先生的私生女，天真无邪圣约翰·里弗斯：简·爱的表兄，传教士，性格严肃2. 故事情节简·爱的成长：在孤儿院和寄宿学校的经历，塑造了她坚强的性格桑菲尔德庄园：简·爱成为罗切斯特先生的管家，两人逐渐产生感情罗切斯特先生的秘密：他的妻子贝拉·英格拉姆的疯狂和存在，导致简·爱离开桑菲尔德简·爱的成长：在莫尔顿村度过的时光，成为教师和独立女性罗切斯特先生的困境：他的妻子贝拉·英格拉姆的死亡简·爱与罗切斯特先生的重逢：他们再次相遇并重新燃起爱情结局：简·爱与罗切斯特先生结婚，过上了幸福的生活3. 主题思想女性独立与自主：简·爱通过自己的努力和坚持，最终实现了自我价值和幸福爱情与婚姻：简·爱与罗切斯特先生的爱情经历了重重考验，但最终获得了幸福社会阶级与性别歧视：故事中反映了19世纪英国社会对女性和低阶层人士的压迫和不公4. 影响与评价简爱对女性文学的影响：成为女性独立和自主的象征文学评论家的评价：被誉为英国文学史上最伟大的小说之一5. 分析与讨论简爱的性格特点：坚强、勇敢、聪明，面对困境从不退缩罗切斯特先生的角色：他的复杂性格和秘密，对简·爱产生了深远的影响故事的象征意义：桑菲尔德庄园、孤儿院、莫尔顿村等地点的象征意义简爱思维导图13张(15页)1. 简爱思维导图概述简爱思维导图是一个组织性的工具，用于帮助读者更好地理解和记忆夏洛蒂·勃朗特的经典小说《简爱》。
《廊桥遗梦 梅丽尔 斯特里普主演 》读书笔记思维导图PPT模板下载
Ashes
A Letter from France...
Postscript:The Tacom...
Interview with “Nigh...
开篇
廊桥遗梦
罗伯特·金凯德 弗朗西丝卡
古老的夜晚，远 方的音乐
星期二的桥
又有了能翩翩起 舞的天地
大路和远游客
灰烬 弗朗西丝卡的信
后记：塔科马的夜鹰
最新版读书笔记，下载可以直接修改
《廊桥遗梦 梅丽尔 斯特里普主演 》
思维导图PPT模板
本书关键字分析思维导图
生命
梦
生活
几世
重心
地方
我会
弗朗西 丝卡
廊桥遗梦
激情
茧
隐秘
爱情
家庭
蒙上
电影
一生
我心
经典
目录
01 The Beginning
03 Postscript:The Ta c o m . . .
02 THE BRIDGES OF MADIS...
“夜鹰”·卡明斯谈话录
读书笔记
谢谢观看
The Beginning
THE BRIDGES OF MADIS...
Robert Kincaid Francesca
Ancient Evenings, Di...
The Bridges of Tuesd...
Room to Dance Again
The Highway and the ...
04 Interview with “Nigh...
梦
08
“夜鹰”·卡明斯谈话 录
生活结为茧壳，爱情仍在心底！打动全球千万读者的《廊桥遗梦》，由其改编的同名电影入选美国电影协会 百年百部爱情电影，著名学者、资深翻译家资中筠女士经典译本。小说讲述了一对兄妹在整理母亲的遗物时翻出 了一段尘封往事。中年女性弗朗西丝卡婚后生活平静琐碎，缺乏激情。《国家地理》杂志摄影师罗伯特·金凯德 为拍摄麦迪逊县的廊桥而来，与居于此地的弗朗西丝卡相遇、相识和相恋。面对迟来的爱情与家庭责任，弗朗西 丝卡选择了后者，而罗伯特则选择了成全。四天的完美之恋换来了半生的彼此怀念。
简爱思维导构图
5.简爱得知罗切斯特残废
3.感情吐露
3.1 简爱和罗切斯特相互表白
3.2 求婚
4.婚礼变故
4.1 简爱得知罗切斯特结过婚，妻子
就在桑菲尔德府
5.简爱离开罗切斯特
.
精品文档
6.桑菲尔德府失火 6.1 罗切斯特的“疯妻”跳楼死了 6.2 罗切斯特残废
简爱找到罗切斯特，两人结婚
.
1.彭斯患肺病死去
2.简爱在洛伍德当老师
1.傲慢冷漠
3.潭波尔结婚离开伍洛德
事件
4.简爱登报找工作
5.简爱去到桑菲尔德府工作
简爱还击表兄，反抗代替隐忍
简爱被送到伍洛德上学
桑菲尔德府
沼泽山庄
时间
1.简爱成年后
人物
人物
1.圣约翰
1.罗切斯特
1.1 简爱表哥
1.1 简爱的雇主
1.1.1 被宗教驯化了天性
1.2 独断专行
一心要去印度传教
1.3 爱上简爱
事件
事件
1.简爱被沼泽山庄收留
1.引发嫉妒
2.简爱在当地当小学老师
1.1 罗切斯特和其他人
打情骂俏
3.简爱得到失散舅舅的遗产
1.2 逼迫简爱直面自己对罗切
斯特的内心感情
2.救人一命
3.1 得知圣约翰是自己表哥
2.1 夜晚罗切斯特房间
4.简爱拒绝圣约翰的求婚
失火简爱救了罗切斯特
精品文档
《简. 爱》
盖茨海德
洛伍年与青年时期
简爱
人物
孤女
1.海伦彭斯
贫穷
独立、自尊自爱
1.1 简爱在洛伍德的第一个朋友
简爱的舅妈
1.2 深受宗教毒害
1.3 逆来顺受
思维导图UNIT1-READING-1
Step 3 Discussion 1. What can we do to protect the cultural relics？ 2. Now China has tens of thousands of cultural relics， should all be saved? Discuss
2. Ability aims: Enable students to talk about the history of the Amber Room。 3。Learning strategies aims： Enable the students to read the passage fast to get the
Frederick I
Pass down
思维导图：48张图了解48种主义
思维导图：48张图了解48种主义思维导图：48张图了解48种主义伦敦设计师Genis Carreras 用最简单的线条、形状和色块对它们进行了诠释。
哲学家建立了事物的基本概念，我们在讨论中遵循它，有时误用它，有时颠覆它。
以下48 个基本概念常常出现在公共讨论里，伦敦设计师Genis Carreras 用最简单的线条、形状和色块对它们进行了诠释。
1. absolutism 绝对主义/ 色盲绝对主义认为在任何一种学说里，某种观点必定是绝对正确或者绝对错误的。
2. absurdism 荒诞主义/ 恶搞“荒诞主义”是对人生的极端反叛，认为人生的意义并不存在，所以可以活得很无厘头都无所谓。
3. aestheticism 唯美主义/ 外貌协会唯美主义者的人生目的就是去创造和享受一切美的东西。
4. altruism 利他主义/ 雷锋精神利他主义者是一种随时都在无私地为他人福利着想的行为，在道德判断上，认为别人的幸福快乐比自己的来得重要。
利他主义在许多思想和文化中是一种美德。
5. anarchism 无政府主义/ 互联网精神“无政府”一词并不代表混乱、虚无或道德沦丧的状态，而是一种由自由的个体自愿结合，以建立互助、自治、反独裁主义的和谐社会。
庄子被认为是最早的无政府主义者。
6. anthropocentrism 人类中心主义/ “以人为本”人类中心主义认为人类是地球上最核心或者最重要的物种，评价现实的真实与否依靠人类的视角。
人类中心主义是环境伦理学和环境哲学的主要概念，被认为是人类为何与自然环境发生冲突的根本原因，但这种理念已经根植在大多数人类的心中。
7. atheism 无神论/ "上帝已死"无神论并没有统一的哲学思想，一些无神论者可能完全否定任何超自然事物，但另一些无神论者可能相信诸如占星术等伪科学。
无神论经常同不可知论、反神论或反有神论相混淆。
无神论者是认为没有神，不可知论者是认为神的存在是不可知，而反神论者是直接明确反对有神论。
the Renaissance Period 思维导图英美文学选读
the Renaissance period•time:between the 14th and mid-17th centuries.•it first started in Italy. painting,sculpture and culture.•marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world.•is a movement stimulated by a series of historical events.o the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.o the new discoveries in geography and astrology.o the religious reformation and the economic expansion.•in essence,is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe,to introdue new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie,and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.•the Renaissance was slow in reaching Englando England's separation from the Continento its domestic unrest.•show its effect in Englando it was not until the reign of Henry VIII(from 1509 to 1547)▪The Oxford reformers,scholars and humanists introduced classicalliterature to England.▪religious reformation from the Continent.▪Martin Luther(1483-1546)a German Protestant,who initiatedthe Reformantion.who believed that every true Christian washis own priest and was entitled to interpret the Bible forhimself.▪the colorful and dramatic ritual of the CatholicChurch was simplified.Indulgences,pilgrimages andother practices were condemned.▪in the early stage of the continental Reformantion,he was regardedas a faithful son of the Catholic Church and named "Defender of theFaith",by the pope.▪his need for a legitimate male heir,and hence a new wife,led him tocut ties with Rome.the common english people had long beendissatisfied with the corruption of the church and inspired by thereformers'ideas from the Continent.▪1534,he was the Supreme Head of the Church of England,▪Bible in English was placed in every church andservices were held in English instead of Latin.so thatpeople could understand.▪Edward VI,Henry's son, the reform of the church's doctrine andteaching was carried out▪After Mary ascended the throne ,there was a violent swing toCatholicism▪by the middle of Elizabeth's reign,Protestantism had been firmlyestablished,with a certain extent of compromise between Catholicismand Protestantism.•had no sharp break with the past,Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and Reformation.•Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.o it sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on itsconscious,intellectual side,for the Greek and Roman civilization was based onsuch a conception that "man is the measure of all things"o Renaissance humanists found in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capableof individual development in the direction of perfection,and that the worldthey inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question,explore,andenjoy.Thus ,by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importanceof the present life,they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have theright to enjoy the beauty of this life,but had the ability to perfect himself andto perform wonders.o Humanism began to take hold in England when the Dutch scholar Desiderius Erasmus(1466-1536) came to teach the classical learning,first at Oxford andthen at Cambridge.o Thomas More,Christopher Marlowe,William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.•Strong national feeling in the time of the Tudors gave a great incentive to the cultural development in England.o English schools and universities were established in place of the old monasteries.with classical culture and the Italian humanistic ideas coming intoEngland,the English Renaissance began flourishing.o William Caxton,for he was the first person who introduced printing into England.▪printed Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales" and Malory's "Morte Darthur".▪with the introduction of printing, an age of translation came into being.▪Plutarch's"Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans" wastranslated by North.▪Ovid's"Metamorphoses" by Golding▪Homer's "The Iliad" by Chapman▪Montaigne's"Essays" by Florio.•The first period of the English Renaissanc was one of imitation and assimilation.o Academies after the Italian type were founded.o Petrarch was regarded as the fountainhead of literature by the English writers.▪he and his successors who established the language of love and sharply distinguished the love poetry of the Renaissance from itscounterparts in the ancient world.▪Wyatt and Surrey began engraving the forms and graces of Italian poetry upon the native stock.▪Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.▪Surrey brought in blank verse.▪Sidney followed with the sestina and terza rima and withvarious experiments in classic meters.▪Marlowe gave new vigor to the blank verse with his "mightylines"▪"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love", innocent.o Spenser's "The Shepheardes Calender" pastoral.•in the early stage of the Renaissance,poetry and poetic drama were the most outstanding literary forms.o they were carried on especially by Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.o The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.▪Lively,vivid native English material was put into the regular form of the Latin comedies of Plautus and Terence,Tragedies were in the styleof Seneca.▪the most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe,William Shakespeare,and Ben Jonson. •Francis Bacon(1561-1626) the first important English essayist,he was also the founder of modern science in England.•VIP Writerso William Shakespeare(1564-1616)▪playwright and poet.with his 38 plays,154 sonnets and 2 long poems.▪born into a merchant's family in Stratford-on-Avon.his father,John Shakespeare,his wife Anne Hathaway gave birth to threechildren:Susanna,and the twins,Judith and Hamnet.1586 or 1587 heleave home to London.▪he worked as actor and playwright in King's Men,Robert Greene,"University Wits" declared him to be" an upstart crow"▪ 2 long narrative poems,"Venus and Adonis" and "The Rape of Lucrece",they were dedicated to the Earl of Southampton.(1593-1594) ▪his dramatic career is divided into four periods.▪the first period- one of apprenticeship.▪five history plays:"Henry VI,Parts I,II,and III" "RichardIII" and "Titus Andronicus"; four comedies:"TheComedy of Errors" "The Two Gentlemen of Verona""Taming of the Shrew" "Love's Labour's Lost"(5,4,0)▪second period-style and approach became highlyindividualized.▪five histories: "Richard II" "King John" "Henry IV,PartsI and II" "Henry V"; six comedies:"A MidsummerNight's Dream" "The Merchant of Venice" "Much AdoAbout Nothing" "As You Like It" "Twelfth Night" "TheMerry Wives of Windsor"; two tragedies:"Romeo andJuliet" "Julius Caesar"(5,6,2)▪third period-greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies.▪two comedies:"All's Well That Ends Well" "Measurefor Measure": seven tragedies:"Hamlet" "Othello""Macbeth" "King Lear" "Antony and Cleopatra""Troilus and Cressida" "Coriolanus"(0,2,7)▪last period-romantic tragicomedies and two final plays.▪four romantic tragicomedies:"Pericles" "Cymbeline""The Winter's Tale" "The Tempest"; two finalplays:"Henry VIII" "The Two Noble Kinsmen".▪prevalent Christian teaching ofatonement.he seems to have entered animagined pastoral world.he could achievewhat he failed to in the real world.▪"The Tempest",the characters areallegorical and the subject full ofsuggestion.the humanly impossibleevents can be seen occurringeverywhere in the play. the wildstrom becomes magic,answeringProspero's every signal.,it is a typicalexample of his pessimistic viewtowards human life and society in hislate years.▪154 sonnets▪1-126 are addressed to a young man,beloved of the poet,of superior beauty and rank but of somewhat questionablemorals and constancy.▪127-152,they involve a mistress of the poet, a mysterious "Dark Lady",who is sensual,promiscuous,and irresistible.▪153-154,they are translations or adaptations of some version of a Greek epigram,and they evidently refer to the hot springsat Bath.▪99,126,154,three exceptions,▪history plays▪mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.▪romantic comedies▪an optimistic attitude toward love and youth.▪"The Merchant of Venice" ,praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio.to idealize Portia as a heroine of greatbeauty,wit,and loyalty.and to expose the insatiable greed andbrutality of the Jew.▪after centuries' abusing of the Jews,especially theholocaust committed by the Nazi Germany duringthe Second World War,it is very difficult to seeShylock as a conventional evil figure.and manypeople today tend to regard the play as a satire ofthe Christians' hypocrisy and their false standards offriendship and love,their cunning ways of pursuingworldliness and their unreasoning prejudice againstJews.▪romantic tragedy▪"Romeo and Juliet",which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness.though a tragedy,ispermeated with optimistic spirit.▪great tragedies▪each portrays some noble hero,who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whosefate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.each hero has his weakness of nature.▪"Hamlet",the melancholic scholar-prince,faces thedilemma between action and mind,▪base on northernEurope,Denmark,Claudius,his father'sbrother,who murdered his father,taken bothhis father's throne and widow.By revealingthe power-seeking,the jostling for place,thehidden motives.the courteous superficialitiesthat veil lust and guilt,Shakespearecondemns the hypocrisy and treachery andgeneral corruption at royal court.▪"Othello",his inner weakness is made use of by theoutside evil force.▪"King Lear",who is unwilling to totally give up hispower makes himself suffer from treachery andinfidelity;▪he has shown to us the two-foldeffects,exerted by the feudalist corruptionand the bourgeois egoism,which havegradually corroded the ordered society.▪"Macbeth" ,his lust for power stirs up his ambitionand leads him to incessant crimes.▪selected reading▪sonnet 18▪is one of the most beautiful sonnets written byShakespeare,in which he has a profound meditationon the destructive power of time and he eternalbeauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves.Anice summer's day is usually transient,but the beautyin poetry can last for ever.Thus Shakespeare has afaith in the permanence of poetry.▪"The Merchant of Venice"▪An impoverished young Venetian,Bassanio,asks hisfriend, Antonio,for a loan so that he might gain inmarriage the hand of Portia,a rich and beautifulheiress of Belmont.Antonio's money is all invested inmercantile expeditions;in order to help Bassanio hehas to borrow from Shylock,the Jewishusurer.Shylock has made a strange bond thatrequires Antonio to surrender a pound of his flesh ifhe fails to repay him within a certain period of time.▪"Hamlet"▪to live on in this world or to die;to suffer or to takeaction.o John Milton(1608-1674)▪born in London,his father was both a scholar and a cated at St.Paul's School and Cambridge.1638 travelon the Continent.▪he once had an ambition to write an epic which England would "not willingly let die",but the English Revolution broke out his dream.hewas entirely occupied with the thoughts of fighting for humanfreedom.1649,he was appointed Latin Secretary to Cromwell'sCouncil of State. 1652,blind because strains.after the restoration ofCharles II,he was imprisoned for a short time and then retired toprivate life.▪"Paradise Lost" was finished in 1665,after 7 years' labor in darkness.▪"Paradise Regained",1666 started,▪"Samson Agonistes",1671,last important work.the most powerful dramatic poem on the Greek model.▪three groups▪the early poetic works▪"Lycidas"(1637),composed for a collection of elegiesdedicated to Edward King,a fellow undergraduate ofMilton's at Cambridge,who was drowned in the IrishSea.▪the middle prose pamphlets▪"Areopagitica"(1644) is probably his mostmemorable prose work.it is a great plea for freedomof the press.rather smooth and calm.▪the last great poems▪after the Restoration in 1660,when he was blind and suffering,and when he was poor and lonely,Miltonwrote his three major poetical works:▪"Paradise Lost",the only generallyacknowledged epic in English literature since"Beowulf"▪divided into 12 books.taken fromGenesis 3:1-24 of the Bible.thetheme is the "Fall of Man".the poemgoes on to tell how Satan tookrevenge by tempting Adam andEve,the first human beings createdby God,to eat fruit from the tree ofknowledge against God'sinstructions.Eden.intending toexpose the ways of Satan andto"justify the ways of God tomen"and then the tragedy was re-enacted,but with a difference-"Manshall find grace",but he must lay holdof it by an act of free will.thefreedom of the will is the keystone ofMilton's creed.▪"Paradise Regained"▪show how mankind,in the person ofChrist,withstands the tempter and isestablished once more in the divinefavor.▪"Samson Agonistes",is the most perfectexample of verse drama after the Greek stylein English.▪Milton again borrows his story fromthe Bible.but this time he turns to amore vital and personal theme.thewhole poem strongly suggestsMilton's passionate longing that hetoo could bring destruction downupon the enemy at the cost of hisown life.in this sense,Samson isMilton.in his life,Milton showshimself a real revolutionary, a masterpoet and a great prose writer,Hefought for freedom in all aspects asa Christian humanist,while hisachievements in literature make himtower over all the other Englishwriters of his time and exert a greatinfluence over later ones.▪selected reading▪"Paradise Lost"▪the story is taken from the Old Testament.Satan andother angels rebel against God,but they are defeatedand driven from Heaven into Hell.。
英美文学选读 英国文学部分思维导图-高清脑图分享
John Milton Herman Melville
knightly adverntures
popular in the mediecal period
a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society
Chaucer
The Canterbury Tales
154 sonnets 2 long poems
sonnet 18 Venus and Adonis The Rape of Lucrece
His plays are written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity
seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expressions
instruct and correct human beings
fixed laws and rules
prose: precise, direct, smooth and flexible poetry: lyrical, epical, didactic, satiric or dramatic
the economic expansion
get rid of old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe
essence
introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie
Pericles
思维导图“三招七步”构图法
思维导图“三招七步”构图法全脑思维升级训练思维导图的魅力源于它的简单。
表面上，它只是一幅绘制了信息的彩色图纸。
然而，它却能有效地刺激大脑皮层的工作，通过调动善于逻辑分析的左脑和善于创造的右脑，激发全脑思维。
左右脑思维方式分工的概念，最早是在美国艺术家贝蒂·艾德华发表其开创性著作——《像艺术家一样思考》之后，才开始普及的。
该书于1979年出版，是基于爱德华博士对神经系统科学的理解而完成的，其中特别借鉴了斯佩里博士后来荣获诺别尔奖的左右脑分工理论，这一了理论曾帮助爱德华博士创立了一种新的绘画和教学方法。
她提出，大脑通过左右分工的方式感知和处理现实：左脑支配言语和分析，右脑支配视知觉和感知。
她的教学方法提倡减少左脑的过度分析，而释放右脑的表现力。
后来她创立了脑半球研究教育应用中心，这项工作至今影响着全世界的艺术家和教师。
“三招七步”构图法那么在实践中该怎样构建思维导图呢？让我们从制作一幅简单的思维导图开始。
入门你需要准备：✔一大张白纸✔一些彩色水笔或铅笔✔大脑✔开放的思维✔想象力✔一个想要探究的主题一幅合格的思维导图具备三个基本特征：（1）一幅中心图，代表你要探究的中心主题。
例如，要用思维导图计划一个项目，你可以在图的中心画一个文件夹的图像。
画思维导图并不需要专业的绘画技巧。
（2）由中心图延伸出的若干主干。
这些主干分别代表与中心主题相关的一级主题，要用不同的颜色呈现。
进而由主干延伸出下一级分支——如果你喜欢，可以将它们叫作枝干，依次为二级、三级分支，代表相关联的二级、三级主题。
（3）每条分支上有一幅关键图或一个关键词。
第一步将纸横向放在你面前。
随后用至少三种不同的颜色在纸的正中心画一幅中心图，代表你要思考的主题，如示例中的主题是“莎士比亚的戏剧”。
如果你不想画这位大诗人的头像，可以用一支羽毛笔或其他简单的图像来代替。
中心图将会激发你的想象力并触发联想。
如果你想用一个词作为中心，就要把它与图像结合起来，并呈现出可多向放射的状态。
爱德华_阿尔比戏剧研究在中国
爱德华·阿尔比戏剧研究在中国张连桥内容提要：本文主要从四个方面梳理回顾了爱德华·阿尔比戏剧在国内的研究：阿尔比戏剧的荒诞性、阿尔比戏剧的批判性、阿尔比戏剧的生态性和阿尔比戏剧的现代性特点。
同国外的研究现状相比，国内的阿尔比研究存有四点不足：一是研究作品过于集中，缺乏对阿尔比戏剧研究的整体观照；二是方法上缺乏中国学者的研究视角；三是阿尔比作品及研究成果的译介工作滞后；四是阿尔比戏剧演出与剧评工作投入不够。
文章从四个层面归纳了阿尔比戏剧在中国受到冷遇的原因：社会需求层面、思想层面、艺术层面和传播媒介层面。
为了从深度和广度上推进我国阿尔比戏剧研究，文章提出了四点建议：加强阿尔比戏剧的译介工作、加强阿尔比戏剧的专题研究、加大对阿尔比戏剧的演出及其剧评工作和增加对阿尔比国际学术研讨会的投入。
关键词：爱德华·阿尔比中国戏剧研究述评作者介绍：张连桥，华中师范大学文学院比较文学与世界文学专业博士生，铜仁学院讲师，研究方向：欧美文学。
本文为2011年贵州省教育厅高等学校人文社科研究项目“美国荒诞派戏剧伦理思想研究”［项目编号：11QN014］阶段性成果。
Title：A Review of Edward Albee Studies in ChinaABSTRACT：The studies of Edward Albee's dramas in China have mainly focused on four aspects：absurdity，modernity，critical force and ecological features in Albee's work．Compared with Albee studies abroad，the studies of Albee's dramas in China face four challenges：firstly，there is a lack of a comprehensive study of Albee's dramas；sec-ondly，Chinese scholars have not developed their own theoretical approaches to study his work；thirdly，the translation of Albee's dramas and Albee criticism has failed to keep pace with the times；fourthly，there is a lack in the performance and review of Albee's dramas．The causes of the neglect of Albee's dramas in China can be analyzed on four lev-els：the social，the ideological，the artistic and the mass media．This essay argues that in爱德华·阿尔比戏剧研究在中国order to promote and strengthen comprehensive studies of Albee's dramas in China，foursteps could be taken：the first is to promote the translation of Albee's dramas；the secondis to encourage monographic studies of Albee's dramas；the third is to improve the per-formance and review of Albee's dramas；the fourth is to create more opportunities for inter-national discussions of Albee's work．Keywords：Edward Albee，China，drama studies，reviewAuthor：Zhang Lianqiao＜lianqiaozh@yahoo．com．cn＞is a Ph．D．candidate of Comparative Literature and World Literature at Central China Normal University，Wuhan，China（430079）and a lecturer of Tongren College of Guizhou，Tongren，China（554300）．His major research field is European and American literature．爱德华·阿尔比（Edward Albee，1928—）是美国剧坛的常青树，三次普利策戏剧奖的获得者。
《红楼梦》的读后感思维导图
《红楼梦》的读后感思维导图英文版"The Dream of Red Mansions" is a masterpiece of Chinese classical literature written by Cao Xueqin in the 18th century. The novel tells the story of the decline of the Jia family, one of the most prominent noble families in the Qing Dynasty. Through the intricate relationships and vivid characters, the novel explores themes of love, power, and the inevitable passage of time.One of the most striking aspects of "The Dream of Red Mansions" is its rich and complex characters. From the lively and rebellious Lin Daiyu to the calculating and ambitious Xue Baochai, each character is carefully crafted and multi-dimensional. The novel delves deep into the inner thoughts and emotions of these characters, making them feel incredibly real and relatable.Another key theme in the novel is the exploration of the role of women in traditional Chinese society. Through characters like Lin Daiyu, Wang Xifeng, and Xue Baochai, the novel sheds light on the struggles and limitations faced by women in a society dominated by Confucian values and patriarchal norms. The complex relationships between the male and female characters in the novel highlight the power dynamics and societal expectations that shape their lives.Overall, "The Dream of Red Mansions" is a timeless masterpiece that continues to captivate readers with its intricate plot, rich characters, and profound themes. It serves as a window into the cultural and social complexities of 18th-century China, while also exploring universal themes that resonate with readers across time and space.中文版《红楼梦》是18世纪中国古典文学的杰作，是曹雪芹创作的。
《相遇与埋伏 巴别塔诗典系列 》读书笔记思维导图
《相遇与埋伏 巴别 塔诗典系列 》
思维导图PPT模板
本书关键字分析思维导图
女人
老师
结局
地方
米洛德安 杰利斯
声音
文学
现代诗歌
宇宙
面孔
队伍
父亲
日子
一位
世界地图
一滴水 头
对话
眼睛
目录
01 间歇和结局(19731974)
02 类比(1976)
03 毫米(1983)
04 面孔之地(1985)
队伍
一九四一年八月三十 一日
和父亲的对话 户外
在肺里 你会不会蒙住眼睛
在鲍斯高慈幼会士间 蒙菲拉托的传说
一父之遥(1989)
“有可能拯救那些被 包围的人。有可能理
解夏...
歌
电报 保护我，我的护身符
“对着头脑” 光的构建
我在熟悉的一月划船 年鉴
简历(1999)
01
历史学
02
保莱塔
04
水上飞机场
06
内部的挖掘
03
无言的地图
05
多纳泰拉
那天生的反应力 唯一的日子
在传递的心里 半决赛
诀别(2005)
01
我们将在星 期天见面
02
无声的景象
03
找到血管
04
我们的远方
06
夜晚的拜访
05
阿尔图宾馆
默默走入庭院的黑暗中(2010)
1
时刻的字母表
2
包围的结局
3
阴暗的干渴
4
小曲
5
声音
相遇与埋伏(2015)
之二 相遇与埋伏
之一 堑壕战
传记阅读思维导图(实用)
传记阅读思维导图之邯郸勺丸创作一、传记作品整体阅读1、传记的定义与分类定义：遵循真实性原则，用形象化的方法记叙人物的生活经历、精神风貌以及其历史布景的一种叙事性文体。
分类：从叙述人称看，可分为自传和他传从表达方式看，可分为一般传记和评传（记叙与评论各半）2、传记的文体特征人物的时代性和代表性选材的真实性和典型性选文兼具史实性与文学性3、传记阅读四要素线——要梳理出传主的人生经历、人生轨迹。
事——要筛选出“事”，传主有哪些“事迹”“行为”“贡献”“成就”“经验”等。
理——要清楚作者传达了传主什么样的思想、观点、人格等。
情——要了解作者对传主的情感态度。
4、传记阅读五步调标——标识表记标帜出传主的人生成长经历或轨迹，这是文章的线索。
筛——筛选出“事”，传主有哪些“事迹”“成就”“贡献”“行为”“经验”等。
寻——寻找传主生活的时代布景和社会环境，并体会其意图。
品——找出刻画传主的细节并体会其作用。
思——思考作者传达了转折怎样的思想、性格、观点；思考传记中的评论性语句蕴含作者的情感态度。
二、筛选整合信息、分析传主形象的3大考点考点一：传主事迹：筛选整合基础上的归纳概括梳理主要事件：1、找出时间变更的语句2、画出地点变更的语句3、标出职位（工作）变更的语句4、列出人物在时间、地点、工作等变更时做了的事情恰当运用概括模板：“某人在某时某地做某事。
”考点二：传主形象：精神品质、人格魅力的概括分析1、事迹（人物的言行）2、作者对传主议论性描述3、文章引用的他人对传主的评价4、细节描写5、传主和各方面的关系考点三：归纳内容要点，概括中心意思1、如何准确、全面地筛选整合文本信息？纵观意识（什么问题、观点态度、怎样顺序）结构意识2、归纳内容要点有哪些类型和方法？内容：归纳段落要点归纳条理要点方法：合并摘取法化实为虚法（事实与事理）点面结合法（先面后点）三、理解词句、掌控观点2大考点考点一：理解文中重要词语和句子的含意（内看特点，外看语境）理解词句的含意：（从重要词语入手、从句子位置入手、从句子表达技巧入手，从人物形象和事迹入手）理解词句的作用：内容上、结构上、表示手法（修辞手法）上考点二：文本评价1、评价传主的观点态度和基本倾向3角度（生平事迹、典型事件细节、作者褒贬爱憎）2、评价传主发生的社会价值和影响3关注（详细记叙传主某个人生阶段）（传主生活的时代布景和社会环境）（理解文中某些抒情性、议论性的句子）3、对传记文本的某种特色作深度思考和判断5角度（从表示传主的性格特征、精神品质等方面思考）（从文本的真实性、主旨和有利于突出作者创作意图思考）（从选材和组材的角度思考）（从读者的角度思考）（从作者的经历、所处时代、作品影响力思考）四、分析文体特征和表示手法2大考点考点一：分析文体特征（选材与组材）分析角度：作者是如何包管和突出了它的真实性的作者是如何包管传记的凝练和高度的概括性的作者是如何在包管真实性的基础上增强可读性的考点二：分析表示手法4角度角度一：怎样分析传记中的对比衬托手法1、从正面表示传主2、内容和情节的需要3、由点及面，深化主题角度二：传记中的细节描写有哪些表示作用1、通过传主的日常生活细节，刻画传主形象2、呈现传主的内心世界，折射出传主的精神品质3、使传主的形象更加丰富而鲜活4、增强文章的可读性和感染力角度三：传记中的引用有哪些类型和作用1、直接引用2、引用诗词3、引用故事4、引用传主在书信、日记中的表达以及传主的话5、引用他人的话角度四:如何分析鉴赏传记的语言特色1、传记的类别2、语意和句式3、修辞的角度4、语言风格五、文本探究2大考点考点一：发掘人生价值，探求时代精神，探讨作者的写作布景和意图1、如何解答人生价值和时代精神类探究题梳理成长历程捕获主要资料由浅入深解读选择审视角度2、探讨写作布景和写作意图应注意什么整体感知文本信息，从解读文章主旨中探讨作者的创作意图从作者的经历、所处的时代、作品的影响等方面探讨创作意图考点二：探究文本中的问题，表达个人的见解1、探究问题、表达见解应遵循怎样的步调研究探究对象寻求文本依据提出探究设想展示探究过程掌握答题“捷径”。