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nicken 中级语法讲义

nicken 中级语法讲义
Nickchen中级语法讲义的内容很丰富，包含各种中级语法的详细解析，以下为您提供讲义中部分内容的详细解释：
首先，讲义中提到了主语从句的定义。

主语从句就是在复合句里面作主语的句子。

这个“作主语”的句子，可以是“动作”的句子，也可以是“状态”的句子。

“动作”
的句子就是我们学过的“主谓宾”句型，包括其他几个动作句型和被动句在内。

“状态”的句子就是“主系表”句型，包括there be句型在内。

也就是说，主语从句本身可以是一个“主谓宾，主系表，there be或者被动句”的句子，当然，主语从句肯定也要有连接词。

以具体的例子来解释：
1.That I love you. 连接词“that”+句子“I love you”，所以属于一个从句。

从句是“主谓
宾”的动作句子。

2.That Oscar is rich. 连接词“that”+句子“Oscar is rich”，所以属于一个从句。

从句是“主
系表”状态句子。

请注意，这只是Nickchen中级语法讲义中很小的一部分内容，为了获取完整的讲义内容，建议直接阅读讲义原文或咨询其相关人员。

中级口译教程第四版参考译文

中级口译教程第四版参考译文Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. 与其关注自己受到的伤害，不如学着去寻找你身边的真善美。

本期答案：Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.How shall we enjoy life, and who can best enjoy life? No perfectionism, no straining after the unattainable, no postulating of he unknowable; but taking poor, modal human nature as it is, how shall we organize our life so that we can work peacefully, endure nobly and live happily? 我们都承认在我们曰常活动中那么忙碌的自我并不完全是真正的自我本期答案：we all agree with the busy self occupied in our daily activities is not quite the real self.。

中级口译教程第四版词汇预习汇总(final)

中级口译教程第四版词汇预习汇总(final)干杯cheers2-4 参观访问高科技园区High-Tech Park业务经理Operation Manager鸟瞰take a bird's-eye view of走马观花cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on horseback言归正传come back to our story项目审批权authorized to approve projects优惠政策preferential policies与国际管理体制接轨under the management system of international standards跨国公司multinationals骨干企业large enterprises of pillar industries生物技术biotechnology高技术产业链high-tech industry chains一条龙服务 a stream-line one-stop service生态型开发ecological conservation 可持续发展sustainable development绿草成茵stretches of green grass流水潺潺streams murmuring鸟儿啁啾birds chirping四季花香fragrant flowers blossoming all years round安保服务security service3-1 欢迎光临邮电post andtelecommunication海外部主任director of the Overseas Department感到骄傲和荣幸be proud and honoredgracious invitation 盛情邀请a distinguished group 一个杰出的团队寄托expectation外宾专用别墅villas for overseas visitorslook over the sea 面向大海幽默感sense of humor字面意思literal meaning下榻live, reside国际机票international flight ticketschool break 学校假期3-2 投资意向翻了两番quadruple投资热investment fever对外全面开放open the whole country up to the outside world沿海城市coastal cities内地interior areas有利可图profitableI'm all ears to…愿闻其祥最大程度上发挥有关双方的优势maximize the strengths of both parties concerned幅员优势massive land, vast expanse税收taxation消费者市场consumer market基础设施infrastructure诱人的投资政策attractive investment policies资金funds管理知识managerial expertise研究资料literature利润profitsenlightening 有启迪的consultant 顾问3-3 合资企业cordless/mobile phone 无绳/移动电话投资意向investment proposal明智的wise制造公司manufacturing companypersuasive 有说服力的express train 快车potential market 潜在市场initially 最初，起始embark on 着手，从事at a moderate rate and a safe scale 稳妥的速度和规模in the vicinity of 大约投资比重share of investment利润分配profits share权益关系the relation of rights and interests营销marketing外汇储备foreign exchange reserve天晴还需防雨天嘛save/keep…fo r a rainy dayconvertible currency 可兑换货币the term of our partnership 我们的合作期限the board of directors 董事会正合吾意coincide with my ideasa rewarding day 大有收获的一天3-4 文化差异settle down 定居for good 永久奥斯卡最佳影片奖the Oscar for the best picture of the yearfirst and foremost 首先long-stemmed rose 长茎玫瑰vigor and vitality 勃勃生机film poster 电影海报make sense 理解举例说明offer examples originality 独创性altruistic dedicate 无私贡献seminar 讨论respond instantaneously 随时回答be obsessed with 喜欢working ethic 工作理念individual-oriented 个人主义moral autonomy 道德自治观Confucianism 儒家学说sing high praises 强调uplift 举起，激励，振作communal harmony 整体和谐take precedence over 高于global integration 全球一体化go bowling 打保龄球The Peony Pavilion 牡丹亭Broadway 百老汇4-1 行在美国据说It's said that…由汽车驱动的国家 a country driven by automobiles夸张的说法exaggeration correct observation 正确的看法way of life 生活方式drive-in bank/restaurant/church 免下车银行/餐馆/教堂以游客的身份访美visit the US with a tourist's visainternational driver's license 国际驾照行车限速speed limitexpressway 高速公路minimum speed 最低速度出公差on a business trip租车服务行业car rental service 付款方式way of paymentdeposit 押金passenger rail service 铁路客运服务long distance coach 长途汽车monthly pass 月票regulated (price) 规定的（票价）shuttle and commuter flights 穿梭于两地之间的航班不尽如人意undesirable subway 地铁cab/cabby 出租车Yellow Pages 黄页telephone directory 电话号码簿4-2 话说口译target audience 目标听众mode of interpretation 口译模式take turns doing sth 轮流…audio system with headsets 有耳机的音频系统soundproof booth 隔音的厢tune in to listen 收听的频率open avenue of dialogue 对话rephrase 转换措辞meet the deadline 在最后期限前完成work in nuance 精细的活儿fine-tune 润色skip to the end of speech 舍前取后mental strain/fatigue 精神压力highly individualistic 因人而异fast drain like sprinting 像冲刺般快速消耗stretch both memory and intellect 记忆能力和思维能力personal observations 个人看法connection fee 接通费advisory 咨询的double-check 仔细确认Bon appétit 祝你们好胃口4-3 经营之道business communication style商务沟通模式work ethic 工作理念，工作观念counterpart 相对应的人或物prospective business contact 未来的生意伙伴the "get-down-to-business-first" mentality“公务为先”的心态time-consuming 耗时的keep to 遵循the "bottom-up, then top-down and then bottom-up" principle“先自下而上，然后自上而下，然后再自下而上”的原则top management 最高层管理人士business practices商务活动咄咄逼人的aggressivestraightforward 直截了当管理模式type of managementthe top-down management “自上而下”的管理efficiency效率give priority to 优先frustrate 打击，挫败fulfillment 完成，成就membership会员身份，资格a sense of belonging in a community 团体归属感individual oriented个人倾向的，个体取向的accomplishment 成果，成就dedication 奉献利与弊merits and demerits; advantages and disadvantagesOriental 东方的executive 管理人士4-4 音乐天才debut album首张专辑忌讳wouldn't askinquiry 提问the press people 新闻记者献给。

中级英语语法课件_Chapter_04

1
Review and Preview
PRESENT AND PAST VERBS
give take love find be
Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max. is loves
gave Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter. found Jenna _____ very good care her dog. takes
finished stopped waited saw made put
finished stopped waited seen made put
IRREGULAR VERBS
past perfect tense present perfect tense
4
4-1 LET’S PRACTICE
SIMPLE FORM
a snake.
16
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
_________________ a shark? Has Justin ever seen
Justin see ever
17
4-2 LET’S PRACTICE
PRESENT PERFECT
Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town, has South Africa.
He __ a great dog. is
2
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE
She has forgotten his name.
3
4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

剑桥中级英语语法第四版中文版讲解

剑桥中级英语语法第四版中文版讲解【原创版】目录1.剑桥中级英语语法第四版中文版的概述2.剑桥中级英语语法第四版中文版的主要内容3.剑桥中级英语语法第四版中文版的特点4.剑桥中级英语语法第四版中文版的适用对象5.剑桥中级英语语法第四版中文版的评价正文剑桥中级英语语法第四版中文版讲解剑桥中级英语语法第四版中文版是由外语教学与研究出版社出版的一本英语语法书籍。

这本书旨在帮助学习者掌握英语语法知识，提高其语言运用能力。

本文将从概述、主要内容、特点、适用对象和评价等方面对这本书进行讲解。

1.概述《剑桥中级英语语法》第四版中文版是 2002 年由外语教学与研究出版社出版的图书，作者是（英）墨菲。

本书为学习者提供了一套全面、系统的英语语法知识体系，适用于中等水平的英语学习者。

2.主要内容《剑桥中级英语语法》第四版中文版共包括 158 个练习题，每个练习题针对书中的某一特定部分。

书中的语法点并不是按难易程度排列，而是根据英语语法的功能和结构进行编排。

书中主要包括时态、语态、情态动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、连词和句子结构等内容。

3.特点《剑桥中级英语语法》第四版中文版的主要特点如下：(1) 结构清晰，内容系统。

本书按照英语语法的功能和结构进行编排，使学习者能够更好地理解和掌握英语语法知识。

(2) 练习题丰富。

本书共包括 158 个练习题，每个练习题针对书中的某一特定部分，帮助学习者巩固所学知识。

(3) 适用对象广泛。

本书适用于中等水平的英语学习者，无论是学生还是教师，都可以从本书中受益。

(4) 修订版。

本书为修订版，对原有的内容进行了一定的更新和优化，使学习者能够更好地掌握英语语法知识。

4.适用对象《剑桥中级英语语法》第四版中文版适用于中等水平的英语学习者，包括学生、教师和英语爱好者。

同时，本书也可以作为英语语法课程的教材或参考书。

5.评价《剑桥中级英语语法》第四版中文版受到了广大学习者的好评。

学习者认为，本书的结构清晰、内容系统，练习题丰富，能够帮助他们更好地掌握英语语法知识。

中级语法汇总

안녕하세요?中级语法汇总基本助词이/가1 作主格助词，主语+이/가+动词/形容词예) 사람이많다. 人多2. 作补格助词，通常用于2种情况：a ...이/가아니다b ...이/가되다께서主格助词이/가的敬语形式아버지께서는왜안오셨어요? 爸爸为什么没来？께〈에게〉的敬称。

선생님～인사를드립니다. / 向老师敬礼아버지～편지를을/를宾格助词，宾语+을/를+动词/形容词예) 책을읽다. 读书바지를사다．买裤子은/는1 作主格助词，相当于이/가2 作补助词，通常用于比较和强调동생은미국에있습니다. 弟弟在美国。

나는선생이다. / 我是老师의冠形格助词，用于名词后面，表示“......的”，注意几个缩写：저의-->제, 나의-->내, 너의-->네에/에서1 에서作主格助词，即场所作主语+에서정부～성명을발표했다. / 政府发表了声明2 에/에서作副词格助词，a ...에+오다/가다表示目的地예) 서울에가요. 去首尔。

b ...에서+오다/가다表示出发点예) 서울에서왔어요. 从首尔来。

c ...에+있다/없다表示存在/不存在예) 사과가가방에없어요. 苹果不在包里。

d ...에서+动词表示“在...地方做...事”예) 영화관에서친구를만났어요. 在电影院和朋友见面了。

3 에作副词格助词，还可以用于a 时间+에，但오늘（今天）, 어제（昨天）, 언제（何时）词后面不加에b 数量+에表示衡量的单位.예) 한개에500원一个500元에게/에게서한테/한테서副词格助词，用于对象的后面a 에게/한테表示对象的目的地,通常后面用주다예) 오빠에게선물을줘요.给哥哥礼物。

b 에게서/한테서表示对象的出发点,通常后面用받다예) 할머니한테서선물을받아요. 从奶奶那儿拿了礼物께副词格助词，에게/한테的敬语形式우리부모님께우리는잘지내고있다고전해주세요.请转告我们父母，我们都很好。

(으)로副词格助词，含有多种意思：*注意：以ㄹ结尾的词后面跟로.1表示方向예) 어디로가세요? 去哪儿啊？2表示工具、手段、方式、方法에) 한국말로말씀하세요. 请用韩语讲。

对外汉语初中级(HSK4级)语言点整理

对外汉语初中级(HSK4 级)语言点语法结构(grammar frame):1. ……(time)就要……了；快要……了我明天就要回美国了。

*我明天快要回美国了。

2.从……回到(了)……从……v.到(了)…… (V：回；走；来；拿)学生们从各个地方回到了学校。

3.……离……(不)很远/近张天明的家离学校很远。

4. ……帮……搬…………帮……V……我帮新生搬行李。

5. ……对……有/没有好处运动对身体有好处。

6.……有益于……(……对……有好处)运动有益于身体健康。

(运动对身体健康有好处。

) 7. ……的时候，……我来中国的时候，妈妈给我买了很多衣服。

8.等……(的时候/以后)，……等事业真正发展起来了，房子会有的，车子也会有的。

9. 等……才……我等写完功课以后才看电影。

10. 一+V (V：写；吃；听；尝)一+V+就+vp他说外面下雨了，我一看，真的下雨了。

今天的语法很容易，我一听就懂了。

11.又……又……中国菜又好吃又便宜。

12. 少/多＋V 点儿(+O)吸烟对身体没有好处，你要少吸点儿烟。

13. 总的来说……总的来说，中国菜是对身体健康有好处的。

14. 一般来说……在美国，一般来说，老师重视自由发展。

15. ……，这就要看……V/adj+不+V/adj+了A：你一个小时可以做完功课吗？B ：这就要看功课多不多了。

16．……，就是……这家餐厅的菜很好吃，就是有点儿贵。

17. adj +是+ adj ，就是(可是，不过)……这件衣服漂亮是漂亮，就是太贵了。

18. ……还是……的，就是……这套房子还是比较好的，就是房租有点儿贵。

19. 非……不可……(一定要……)张天明买衣服非名牌不可。

20. 对……来说，……对美国人来说，写汉字很难。

对学校来说，学生的安全最重要。

21. ……，就拿……来说(吧) ，……我觉得在家庭里，男女已经很平等了。

就拿我家来说吧，我爸爸跟妈妈分担家务。

22. ……，像……等等妈妈给他买了几件衣服，像 T 恤衫、毛衣、牛仔裤等等。

剑桥BEC真题中级第四辑口语解析Part2MiniPresentation

第四辑Test 1Topic A: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Planning a presentation● Audience● Equipment needed【词汇&短语】农民工 migrant worker 被期望，被期待做某事 be expected to 图表，曲线图 graph 相应的，转而 in turn术语 technical words 最后但并不是最不重要的last but not least 准备行动，待命 stand by 备用的 spare 【句型点击】 ● 回到原话题To turn to the topic ….To get back to what I was saying…To go back to what you were saying about… ● 引起新话题 About…. I think… That reminds me of….. Talking of…., I know….. 【参考范例】When planning a presentation, speakers should first be clear about the composition of audience. The types of audience determine the techniques and languages they are going to use in the presentation. For example, if the speaker is faced with a group of migrant workers with poor educational background, he is supposed to use simple language with less graphs and technical words.Secondly, a good presentation depends on the support of equipment. Speakers must cooperate with the organizers to ensure that all needed equipment stands by and there should always be spare equipment in case anything goes wrong during the presentation. Meanwhile, the lighting and seating arrangement are to be fully prepared before the presentation.Moreover, to give a good presentation, the speaker is expected to have a thorough research on the topic. A good preparation will make the speaker confident of his performance, which in turnwill arouse the audience’s enthusiasm. Last but not least, a knowledge person is not necessarily a good presenter, so in order to improve the quality of his presentation; the speaker must learn presentation skills and practice them.Topic B: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Selecting an interpreter for a meeting with foreign clients● Experience ● Reliability【词汇&短语】需要，要求call for 正直；诚实integrity积累accumulate 忽视，未注意到overlook环境，条件，情况circumstance 核心core结果outcome 互动interaction准确的accurate 咨询，协商consultation【句型点击】●常用礼貌打断语Can I ask a question?Can I interrupt for a moment?Just to change the subject for a moment, do you….?●概括性论述In most cases…..Generally speaking…On the wholeBy and large【参考范例】When selecting an interpreter for a meeting with foreign clients; to begin with, we must consider the related work experience of the interpreter. Interpretation is a skilled job which calls for a great deal of practice. A good interpreter must have accumulated plenty of experience and known how to respond quickly under different circumstances.Reliability is another important factor when choosing an ideal interpreter because he is the bridge connecting the two sides. A good business outcome depends on his accurate and fluent interpretation. Meanwhile, his personal integrity of occupation shouldn’t be overlooked because he grasps some business secrets and has the chance to touch the core technology.In addition, the personality of an interpreter should also be taken into consideration when selecting one for a meeting with foreign clients. Good personality will smooth the communication and encourage the interaction of the both sides. To some extent, a good interpreter will affect the result of business consultation.Topic C: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Introducing a new product range onto the market●Timing●Advance publicity【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】产品系列product range 结束，终结terminate确保，担保ensure 提前宣传advance publicity在很大程度上to a great extent促销活动promotional events不合时宜的ill-timed 方向，定位orientation【句型点击】●常用口头衔接语Well, the point I’m trying to make it is that…Well, what I am trying to say is that…And don’t forget…●常用开场白I’d like to begin by saying…I’d like to begin by raising the issue/question of….There are two points I’d like to make…【参考范例】When introducing a new product range onto the market, timing is the most important factor. A perfect timing can ensure the success of the product range to a great extent while an ill-timed launch will terminate the development of new products.Besides, advance publicity is very important in warming up the market and arousing people’s interest in the coming of new product range. Advanced publicity is usually conducted through advertisement campaign. Good advance publicity will make people wait anxiously for the new products. And when the products are finally on sale, they couldn’t wait to possess them. At the same time, the company should organize various promotional events to stimulated people’s enthusiasm still further.What’s more, to successfully introduce a new product range onto the market, the company should have a clear orientation of the potential customers, or in other words, the product range should have target customers. Nowadays, people like to show their personality over the things they use. So the fate of a new product range heavily depends on its followers or fans.第四辑Test 2Topic A: WHAT IS IMP ORTANT WHEN ……?Aiming to improve career prospects●Reading business articles●Learning a foreign language【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】职业规划career prospect 保证guarantee系统的organic 职业能力proficiency开阔视野broaden the horizon 语言能力command of language【句型点击】Take… into account.Give you a clue of….….is becoming increasingly popular.….helps you step forward.【参考范例】When aiming to improve career prospects, I would take four factors into account, namely a good reading habit, a good command of foreign language, a further education and an organic frame of the world. To start with, a good reading habit can enrich your knowledge. When you are reading business articles, the latest business events will give you a clue of what to do on your own position. Secondly, foreign language learning is becoming increasingly popular in companies because it guaranteeseffective communication with overseas business partners. Thirdly, further education helps you to step forward. With more training, your proficiency will be improved. Last but not least, an organic knowledge system also plays an important part in the career development. A broadened horizon would enhance your professional skills.Topic B: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Deciding how to transport goods●Destination●Speed目的地destination 运输中in transit立即发货prompt delivery 装货过程loading process快递流通fast turnover 最佳报价best over【句型点击】In order to…With regard to… 基于Other things being equal…同等条件下【参考范例】When you are deciding how to transport goods, the destination of the delivery is the prime element to be considered. For the sake of convenience, various means of transportation should be adopted with regard to different distance of the delivery. Furthermore, we can’t overlook speed. A more prompt delivery means a faster turnover. On the other hand, delivery and loading of the goods shouldn’t be neglected. If the goods are not taken c are of. There could be damages either in transit or during the loading and unloading process or by other reasons. If the percentage of the damaged portion is too high and the goods are in a bad condition, The Company can suffer from a huge loss. And now it comes to the last point price, other things being equal, as long as the transport company can handle the items properly, we would definitely choose the one that grants us the best offer.Topic C: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Purchasing new machinery●Level of automation●Maintenance requirement【词汇&短语】生产线the production line 付款条件payment terms由电脑控制的computerized 严格检查strict inspection提高效率raise efficiency 全自动的fully automatic极具清楚crystal clear 假设出来的情况hypothetical case【句型点击】We should aware of…My interes t is towards….If we don’t take this seriously…..【参考范例】When purchasing new machinery for production line, the level of the automation should be considered first. Just imagine how much labor it will save if the whole process is computerized and fully automatic, that is exactly the reason why we buy new machineries to save labor and raise efficiency. Moreover, we should be aware of the maintenance requirement of the machineries we bought. It should be stated crystal clear in the payment terms whether it is the responsibility of the buyer or the seller to get the maintenance covered. Furthermore, quality should be viewed before the purchase. The machinery has to pass strict inspection to guarantee qualified productions of goods. Finally, if I were in charge of the purchase, my interest will be towards safety. The visual of some worker getting caught in the blade of the machinery is horrifying. If we don’t take this seriously, this image will not be a hypothetical case.第四辑Test 3Topic A: WHAT IS IMPORTAN T WHEN ……?Selecting a retail sales assistant●Previous experience●Appearance【词汇&短语】销售经理sales manager 促进销售sales promotion推销潜力sales potential 销售利润selling profit代理商Selling agent【句型点击】●表达现状We can’t ignore the fact that….No one can deny the fact….This phenomenon attracts people’s interest in…【参考范例】When selecting a retail sales assistant, several factors should be taken into consideration. Firstly, I think if the candidate has some previous experience, he or she may get a priority or privilege for the position, because as may other employers, I attach great importance to it for that matter.Secondly, I would pay attention to the personal appearance of the applicants. A good appearance can make the publicity of the company better and easier, and the clients and customers will have deep impression of a decent, neatly dressed sales assistant.Thirdly, some basic skills and qualities are necessary, such as communication skills and analysis skills. And also, to keep contact with customers is very important. It can help us to improve our achievements and make sure we have sustainable resources for the future development.Topic B: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Contacting clients by telephone●Calling at the right time●Listening carefully【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】客户支持clients support 打扰disturb可供利用的available 热情的enthusiastic令人反感的annoying 时间把握timing【句型点击】I am in the middle of…我正在忙着To put it in another way..….is the key point.One of the best ways to…. Is…..【参考范例】When contacting clients by telephone, we have to cover the whole range of business matter in a limited time, so we have to be very brief and efficient in every minute available. As a matter of a fact, we talk all day, but how to talk is obviously a somewhat neglected art.To be specific, firstly, you should make sure that you call your clients at the right time, because it is impropriate, impolite and very annoying to disturb your clients when they are in the middle of something. To put it in another way, the perfect timing is the key point. Secondly, when contacting clients by telephone you should listen carefully, because one of the best ways to show your respects to your clients is to become a good listener.Thirdly, you need to have a positive attitude and to let your clients feel that you are positive and enthusiastic. Also, you can keep a harmonious circumstance between you and the clients. Of course, there are other details that you should pay attention to, such as do not hang up first. We often say that the details determine you will succeed or fail. Note that the details can help a lot to solve the problems effectively.Topic C: WHAT IS IMPORTANT W HEN ……?Managing change●Clear objectives●Communication【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】企业目标business goal 蓝图blueprint核心竞争力core competence 与时俱进keep pace with time大的市场份额The lion’s share【参考范例】In this information age, the capacity to manage change is becoming increasingly important. Consequently, more and more managers begin to put this issue in the spotlight. In my perspective, when managing change, several factors should be taken into consideration. The first one is to set a clear objective, because it is the blueprint of a company’s future development. Without the guide of a clear objective, one will get lost in the business jungle.The second factor is communication skill. An effective communication can promote cooperation, and communication is usually considered as an inevitable way to effective management.The third one is technology and qualified personnel. They are the core competitiveness of the enterprises and they are the software and hardware that drive the enterprise to work in a full speed. Without them, it is hard to keep pace with the time. The last but not the least, creativity is also important. Even a single innovative idea may be capable of helping an enterprise to take the lion’s share of the market.第四辑Test 4Topic A: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Considering setting up a staff canteen●Employee’s opinions●Cost to the company【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】至关重要的crucial 策略战术tactic能被利用的available 注意be aware of….交换意见compare notes 或者alternatively长期预定long-tern reservation 可行性feasibility以员工为中心的employee-oriented 建筑，建造construction【句型点击】As far as…..concernedWith respect to….关于….To be specific 具体来说Be supposed to….应该……Conserve no effort to…不遗余力地【参考范例】With respect to setting up staff canteens, I suggest that we should be aware of the following four factors. To start with, employees’ opinions are supposed to play a crucial role. Undoubtedly, we should conserve no effort to meet the needs of the employees. We can benefit a lot from this employee-oriented tactic. To be specific, we can compare notes with employees from different departments, or, alternatively, we can make them vote for a decision.Secondly, the cost of the company deserves to be taken into consideration. If there can be other more economic options, why bother to build an extra canteen? I mean, if the company can make a long term reservation with a restaurant probably, it saves time and money.Thirdly, the financial situation tends to interfere in the decision making. If building a canteen is a better choice compared with ordering foods from restaurants in the long run, we still have to consider the expenses in building the canteen--------an undergoing construction is a big deal for the company anyway. Lastly, the location of the canteen is also quite important. If you want to build a canteen, there should be space available for it.Top ic B: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Working as a teacher●Sharing expertise●Deciding responsibilities【词汇&短语】求助于resort to 零碎的piecemeal处理tackle with 前提premise倾向于apt to 灵活的策略flexible policy指派assign 唤起情绪invoke有机的，整体的organic 同时simultaneously【句型点击】The prime concern is… 首要考虑是..Given this pr emise…. 基于这样的前提Be expected to…被期待做某事，应该做某事【参考范例】When working as a teacher, the prime concern is sharing expertise. The need of the students should receive careful consideration. Through systematic training and teaching, the students should be able to resort to the professional skill of the teacher for reasonable solution of whatever problem they may come across in working experience.Secondly, the teacher is expected to decide the responsibility of his/her fellowman. In this case, it is better to tackle with the whole thing in an organic way rather than a piece meal basis. In other words, the person on the teaching position should be crystal clear of the strength and weakness of every student and assign them to the right positions based on this judgment. Given this premise, the whole team can work in an efficient way.Another crucial issue is how to monitor the students. Here we should adopt a flexible policy. It takes wisdom to let the students know that their behavior will be noticed b the supervisor and simultaneously to invoke the creative spirit out of them. In this way, we can improve the behavior pattern of the students and make full of their potentialities.Topic C: WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN ……?Negotiating a contract with a customer●Customer needs●Available budget【思路点拨】【词汇&短语】可持续的sustainable 共同愿望common desire双赢win-win 建立贸易机会conclude business互惠互利mutual benefit 一致coincides with通力合作close cooperation 报价quotations最新商品价格目录表latest catalogues 履行合同observe the contract商业信誉commercial integrity 国际惯例international practices【句型点击】I have some comment on…..The products meet with great favor.How to precede with 怎样来进行How to put…. Into practice….【参考范例】If I am negotiating a contract with a customer, I will firstly take the customers’ needs into consideration. The reason is ve ry simple. It is the basis of the undergoing negotiation; we are sitting around the negotiation table because we need something from each other. It is our common desire to conclude the business.On the other hand, the success of the negotiation depends on the available budget. Without financial support, all the rounds of discussin g and bargaining won’t make any sense. That is why it is an international practice to consider about the budget first and reasonable design of the contract comes after that.Besides the above mentioned points, long-term cooperation is also an essential element. Although the well-being of our own party is the main concern of us, we should insure that the prices we offered are very favorable, or we may even make some readjustment in our offer if the customer insists. The drive behind these behaviors is that sustainable profit and win-win outcome will make sure the contract can be held good for a long term. That is why we ought to make it our permanent principle to honor the contract and maintain commercial integrity.。

《中级汉语教程》语法总结

《中级汉语教程》语法总结顾不得“顾”，动词，照管、注意的意思。

肯定形式一般要在“顾”前加“只、光、就、净”的副词。

例如：他只顾看书，没有发现有人进来了。

“顾不得”，动补结构，意思是因为眼前有更重要的事情，没有时间和精力做另外的事情。

例如：这几天我忙着考试，顾不得踢球了。

招呼动词。

1、“叫、呼唤”的意思。

例如：听到他招呼我，我就赶紧过来了。

2、用语言和行动表示问候。

常做动词“打”的宾语。

例如：路上碰到熟人，他总是热情地打招呼。

3、“吩咐”的意思。

例如：需要帮忙的话，只要招呼一下就行了。

好容易“好容易”，副词。

意思是很不容易地（完成某种动作、办成某种事情或出现某种情况）。

“好容易”多用在动词谓语前做状语，后边多和“才”搭配，并带有感叹语气。

“好不容易”和“好容易”都是“很不容易”的意思。

例如“我好容易才找到那家电影院”；“我好不容易才找到那家电影院”。

一个劲儿表示不停地、连续地。

一般在句中作状语。

例如：雨一个劲儿地下。

顺动词。

意思是方向相同。

反义词是“逆”。

不得了1、表示程度深，用于“得”后作补语。

例如：听到妈妈病重的消息，他急得不得了。

2、表示情况很严重，前面常用副词“可”。

例如：这件事情让她知道了可不得了。

忍不住动补结构。

意思是“不能忍住”，控制不住自己的感情。

常用在另一个动词前作状语。

例如：一听到音乐，他就忍不住要跳起舞来。

另：“禁不住”有承受不住的意思。

（韩）来不及表示因为时间短促，无法顾到或赶上。

后面可带动词或单独作谓语。

例如：今天你来不及回去了，就在我这儿住一夜吧。

在“来不及”的前后可以重复同一动词，要跟“也、都”配合，例如：那本书我看都来不及看，哪有时间做笔记呢。

凡是表示在某个范围内无一例外，有“只要是”的意思。

后面常有“都、全、没有不”等与之呼应。

“凡是”居与句首，多用于书面语。

例如：凡是认识他的人，都说他有才干。

轻易副词。

表示“随随便便”的意思，多做状语。

例如：任何一种语言都不是轻易可以学好的，一定要下苦功夫。

BEC中级第四辑阅读真题解析(完美打印版)

第四辑真题解析T1P1首先得搞明白的是这篇文章到底讲的什么。

不用看具体内容，有两个地方直接告诉了。

一个是题目说明的第一句话，另一个是正文的标题。

从这两个地方就可以看出全文探讨的是公司未来接班人——也就是潜力股——的培养问题。

A段讲了TLRG这个贯穿全文的研究组织诞生的原因：现行的研究满足不了需要，于是大多数公司只能自己探索发掘接班人的模式；（即第五题的答案）B段讲了直属经理（line managers）对于发掘接班人的重要性（真是干什么都要从基层抓起），以及经理们的一些疑虑；C段讲的是接班人问题对公司的重要性，并且应该让院线经理们明白这种重要性；D段是针对前面列出的问题，提出的解决建议，什么专家协助等等。

整篇文章分为四个部分，层层递进，有很强的逻辑性。

拿这样的文章来做阅读材料应该是相对容易把握的。

题目解析：图中蓝色的线为答案潜伏的地方。

7个题干基本是将原文中的句子用另外的词语和句型表述出来，所以题干中的关键词都能在正文里找到与之匹配的，比如第四题题干里的expert 对应D段的specialists,第六题的too busy to对应于B段里的heavy workloads，第七题的interest对应于C段的appeal。

第一题说“经理们必须采取措施使潜力股们相信他们对公司的价值”，也就是要让潜力股们对公司忠诚，即C段说的creating “attraction centres”和loyalty。

第二题说“组织必须把目光投向正在培养中的潜力股以外的地方”，即D段最后两句话所说的寻找新一代的潜力股。

第三题和B段的最后一句话完全是一个意思：怕培养潜力股的投入收不回成本。

第四题说开发潜力股，经理们需要在公司内部得到专家支持。

答案是D段的第一句话：公司的人力资源专家需要采取行动。

HR specialists就是expert。

第五题说公司现在没有在指导策略的支持下辨别潜力股。

也就是说公司是依靠自己来发掘人才的。

中级口译语法知识点总结

中级口译语法知识点总结一、句子结构1. 主谓宾结构主谓宾（SVO）结构是英语句子的基本句型形式，由主语、谓语和宾语构成。

在口译中，要注意主语、谓语和宾语之间的搭配和语序，以确保译文表达清晰准确。

2. 主谓补结构主谓补（SVC）结构是指宾语补足语与谓语构成的句子结构，宾语补足语通常是形容词、名词、介词短语等，用来对宾语进行补充或补充说明。

在口译中，要注意原句中宾语补足语的含义和表达方式。

3. 主谓双宾结构主谓双宾（SVOO）结构是指句子有两个宾语，一个是直接宾语，一个是间接宾语。

在口译中，要注意双宾结构的处理方式，确保翻译准确。

4. 主谓宾宾补结构主谓宾宾补（SVOOC）结构是指句子同时包含宾语和宾语补足语。

在口译中，要注意处理这种结构时需要对宾语和宾语补足语的关系进行准确理解，并做出合适的翻译。

二、时态和语态1. 时态时态是表示动作发生时间的一种语法形式，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时等。

在口译中，时态的选择要根据上下文和句子的意思进行准确把握。

2. 语态语态包括主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

在口译中，要根据原文句子的语态选择适当的翻译方式，确保句子表达准确。

三、从句结构1. 定语从句定语从句是修饰名词的从句，用来对名词进行描述或限定。

在口译中，要注意定语从句的关系代词的使用和从句与主句的关系，确保翻译准确。

2. 状语从句状语从句是修饰动词、形容词或副词的从句，用来对动作、状态或程度进行修饰。

在口译中，要注意状语从句的引导词和从句与主句的关系，确保翻译流畅准确。

3. 名词性从句名词性从句是在句中充当名词成分的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

在口译中，要根据名词性从句在句中的作用选择适当的翻译方式，以确保句子表达准确。

四、词性和词序1. 词性英语词汇包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、介词等不同的词性，每种词性在句子中有不同的作用和位置。

德语中级语法 23-4- 第一虚拟式的用法

Beispiel A: mehrere dass-Sätze
→ In seiner Rede sagte der Politiker, dass er seine Politik nicht ändern werde. Er stellte klar, dass er in der Vergangenheit alles richtig gemacht habe und dass sicher nicht alles verstanden worden sei, aber er unterstrich erneut, dass er sich von anderen Kritikern nicht verrückt machen lassen werde. 间接引语可以由dass引导，如果要转述的部分比较长，一般来说只需要在开始时用dass.
8. 祈使句改一虚如果表示“要求”用sollten、表示礼貌地“请求”用mögen、“命令”用müsse。相应地，要省略 “！”。 a) „Komm bitte zu mir!“ → Er bat darum, er möge zu ihm kommen. b) Der Lehrer zu den Schülern: „Schreibt einen Aufsatz!“ → Er forderte sie dazu
3. 间接引语中，可以不使用一虚。
如果对事件不持怀疑态度（unbezweifelbar），以及在口语（Umgangssprache ）中，间接引语也不使用第一虚拟式。
4. 如果一虚和直陈式相同，则用二虚代替一虚。在间接引语中，通常使用第一虚拟式。如果第一虚拟式和直陈式相同，则用第二虚拟式替代。 Sie sagten: “Wir haben es erledigt.” Sie sagten, dass sie es erledlte ins Kino gehen.“

中级英语语法大全-精讲教程

第一主题高中英语语法系统全解（一）第1章动词时态2-4楼第2章被动语态5-7 楼第3章虚拟语气9-11 楼第4章情态动词12-16楼第5章动词不定式17-20 楼第6章动词的ing形式21-24楼第7章过去分词25-27楼第8章独立主格结构28－30楼第9章名词性从句31－33楼第10章定语从句35－40楼第11章状语从句（一）40－45楼第11章状语从句（二）第12章直接引语和间接引语第13章倒装第14章强调第15章省略第16章主谓一致动词时态－－一般时第一章动词时态（一）在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。

一、一般时一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。

A.一般现在时1．一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。

主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。

They want good jobs.他们想要好的工作。

The coat matches the dress.外衣和裙子很相配。

This work does not satisfy me.这项工作我不满意。

Do you understand?你懂了吗?2．一般现在时的用法①一般现在时的基本用法a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态He always takes a walk after supper.晚饭后他总是散散步。

Everyone is in high spirits now.现在大家都情绪高涨。

b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起在西方落下。

Sound travels faster through water than it does through air.声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。

Time and tide wait for no man.时间不等人。

北京四中中考英语语法知识难点大全

北京四中中考英语语法知识难点⼤全北京四中中考英语语法知识难点⼤全英语语法知识难点（⼀）编稿：李俊和审稿：李俊和责编: 张晓俊（⼀）形容词和副词I．要点A．形容词1、形容词的⽤法形容词是⽤来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。

如：He is honest and hardworking.I found the book interesting.某些形容词与定冠词连⽤表⽰⼀类⼈作主语时，谓语通常⽤复数形式。

如：The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.The English like to be with their families.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态（描述性）+形状⼤⼩+新旧⽼少+颜⾊+国籍+材料+名词。

如：the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.2、形容词⽐较等级的形式（1）规则形式⼀般说来，单⾳节词及少数双⾳节词在后加-er; --est 来构成⽐较级和最⾼级；其他双⾳节词及多⾳节词在前加more, most.如：great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-more important-(the)most important（2）不规则形式good (well)-better-bestbad (ill)-worse-worstmany (much)-more-mostlittle-less-least（3）形容词⽐较等级的⽤法①表⽰两者的⽐较，⽤形容词的⽐较级+than. 如：He is cleverer than the other boys.This one is more beautiful than that one.②表⽰两者以上的⽐较，⽤"the +形容词最⾼级（+名词）+of(in) …"如：He is the cleverest boy in his class.③表⽰两者是同等程度，⽤"as +形容词原级+as". 如：He is as tall as I.I have as many books as you.④越… 越…例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.⑤You can never be too careful. 越⼩⼼越好⼜如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.你怎么赞扬这个⽼师也不过分。

外研社版职场实用英语交际教程(中级)教学课件unit4精选全文

职场实用英语交际ying-out
Bill needs to prepare to present his proposal. Imagine you are Bill. What will you include in your proposal and how will you arrange the structure of the proposal?
Task:
1. Discuss the questions with your partner
2. Write down your ideas ·The reasons for upgrading the product ·The problems responded from customers (price, efficiency, etc.) ·Structure: Introduction, Body, Ending
职场实用英语交际教程（中级）——Unit 4
Inputting
Language points
1. Well, some of them are about late delivery, some about the short warranty period, and others about the slow heating rate. 2) warranty period: a particular period of time in which a company promises to repair or replace the sold product 保修期 e.g. The warranty period is half a year from the date of shipment. 保修期为自发货日起半年。

中级口译教程梅德明第四版句子精炼单元全

句子精炼(S e n t e n c e s i n F o c u s) Unit 2 接待口译（机场迎宾、宾馆入住、宴会招待、参观访问）1. This is a fantastic airport, absolutely one of the top-notch international airports.（这个机场太美了，绝对是一个顶尖的国际机场。

）2. I’m very bad with a jet-lag. But I will be all right in a couple of days.（我倒时差很慢，但两天后自然就回复了。

）3. I’d like to have a 7 o’clock morning call, breakfast sent up to my room, laundry done, some documents photocopied, an express mail sent out, and something like that.（我要早上7点钟叫醒，早餐送到我房间，衣服要熨，文件要复印，邮件要快递，诸如此类的事情需要服务。

）4. We all maneuvered successfully to get our job done, so to speak.（可以说我们每个人都成功的使我们的使命得以完成。

）5. Let’s delight ourselves completely in the foods that Mother Nature grants us.（让我们尽情享受大自然赋予我们的食物吧。

）6. 我要是没认错的话，您一定是从伦敦来的泰莱科教授吧。

(You must be Prof. Tallack from London, if I’m not mistaken.)7. 我是海通集团人力资源部经理。

(I’m manager of Human Resources, the Haitong Group.)8. 感激您不辞辛劳，从百忙之中抽空来我公司指导。

英语语法分级

英语语法分级
英语语法分级是指将英语语法知识按照难易程度划分为不同级别，以便学习者可以按照自己的水平和需求逐步提高自己的语法能力。

一般来说，英语语法分为初级、中级和高级三个级别。

初级语法主要包括基本的句子结构和常用的词汇形态，如动词的时态和语态、名词的单复数等。

中级语法则涉及更复杂的句型和语法结构，如条件句、间接引语和被动语态等。

高级语法则更加深入和复杂，包括复合句、状语从句和同位语从句等等。

掌握英语语法分级，可以帮助学习者有条理地安排学习计划，有针对性地提高自己的语法水平，从而更加自信地运用英语与人交流。

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2021年专四语法知乎

羽毛球赛工作总结引言概述：羽毛球赛是一项受欢迎的运动，作为赛事组织者，我们承担了许多重要的工作。

在这篇文章中，我将从五个大点来总结我们在羽毛球赛中的工作，这些大点包括：赛前准备工作、场地布置与设备准备、裁判与工作人员的组织、参赛队伍的管理以及比赛过程中的协调与监督。

正文内容：1. 赛前准备工作：1.1 确定比赛日期、地点和规模，与相关单位进行沟通，确保场地的可用性。

1.2 制定详细的比赛规则和赛程安排，确保比赛的公平性和顺利进行。

1.3 宣传和推广比赛，吸引更多的参赛队伍和观众。

1.4 筹备比赛所需的物资，如羽毛球、网、计分板等，并进行检查和调试。

2. 场地布置与设备准备：2.1 根据比赛规则，合理布置比赛场地，确保场地的安全和合理性。

2.2 检查并准备比赛所需的设备，如网、计分板、计时器等，并确保其正常运行。

2.3 设置观众席位和安全警示标识，确保观众的安全和秩序。

3. 裁判与工作人员的组织：3.1 招募和培训裁判员，确保他们具备足够的裁判知识和技能。

3.2 安排裁判员的工作时间表，确保比赛期间有足够的裁判员进行比赛的监督和判决。

3.3 组织工作人员，如计分员、场地管理员等，确保比赛期间的工作有序进行。

4. 参赛队伍的管理：4.1 确认参赛队伍的报名情况，与队伍联系并提供相关信息。

4.2 安排参赛队伍的抽签和分组，确保比赛的公平性和竞争性。

4.3 提供参赛队伍的相关资料，如队员名单、队服要求等，以便他们做好准备。

5. 比赛过程中的协调与监督：5.1 协调比赛过程中的各方关系，如裁判、参赛队伍和观众之间的沟通与协作。

5.2 监督比赛过程中的秩序和规则执行情况，及时处理纠纷和问题。

5.3 确保比赛的顺利进行，如及时调整比赛时间表、处理突发事件等。

总结：在羽毛球赛中，我们通过赛前准备工作、场地布置与设备准备、裁判与工作人员的组织、参赛队伍的管理以及比赛过程中的协调与监督等方面的工作，确保了比赛的顺利进行。