2012年全国高考理综试卷及答案-湖北卷

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高考理综试题及参考答案(全国卷Ⅰ)

2012 年湖北公务员考试行测真题1.2011 年12 月中央经济工作会议提出“牢牢把握发展实体经济这一坚实基础”，下列产业属于实体经济的是：①房地产业务②仓储服务业③旅游产业④收藏业⑤电信产业A.③⑤ B。

②③⑤ C.①②③⑤ D.①②③④⑤2.下列属于邓小平同志1992 年“南方讲话”时提出的是：A.社会主义首先要发展生产力B.社会主义也可以搞市场经济C.中国要警惕“右”，但主要是防止“左”D.搞建设至少不比搞革命容易3.小轿车的挡风玻璃是倾斜的，而大货车的挡风玻璃却是竖直的，下列与挡风设计角度无关的因素是？A..漫反射B.镜面反射C.车身高度D.平面成像4.中国古代戏剧作品塑造了王昭君、李香君、杜丽娘和崔莺莺等经典女性形象，下列作品与上述人物对应正确的是：A.《西厢记》—《汉宫秋》—《桃花扇》—《牡丹亭》B.《西厢记》—《桃花扇》—《汉宫秋》—《牡丹亭》C.《汉宫秋》—《桃花扇》—《牡丹亭》—《西厢记》D.《汉宫秋》—《牡丹亭》—《桃花扇》—《西厢记》5.我国作为非成员国参加的政府间国际组织是：A.上合组织B.东盟十国C.金砖国家D,G2011.下列选项中三国典故与哲学论断对应错误的是：A.士别三日，当刮目相看——用发展的眼光看问题B.草船借箭——人可以认识并利用规律C.张飞醉酒失徐州，借酒破张颌——矛盾是对立统一的D.望梅止渴——理性认识依赖于感性认识12.要了解一件艺术品、一个艺术家，必须正确地假象他们所属的时代精神和风俗概况。

要解读玛丽特·米切尔的《飘》，我们应了解的重大历史事件是：A.美国南北战争B.美西战争C.美国独立运动D.美国西进运动13.下列关于二十四节气说法错误的是：A.雨水、谷雨反映降水现象B.立春、春分反映季节变化C.惊蛰、清明反映自然物候现象D.小满、芒种与农作物成熟和收成有关14.下列表述错误的是：A.维生素是维持生命生长代谢的有机物，但维生素本生不会产生能量B..茶碱具有兴奋中枢神经的作用，但也会刺激胃黏膜，使人产生不适。

2012年全国新课标高考理综试卷及答案

2012年全国新课标高考理综试卷及答案2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试共分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共300分。

在答题前，考生需要认真核对答题卡上的准考证号、姓名和考试科目是否与个人准考证一致。

第I卷的每小题需要用2B铅笔在答题卡上涂黑对应题目的答案标号，如需改动，则需使用橡皮擦干净后再涂其他答案标号。

而第II卷则需要使用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答，答案无效。

考试结束后，监考员将试题卷和答题卡一并收回。

选择题部分包括5道题目，下面是其中的几道题目和答案：1.同一物种的两类细胞各产生一种分泌蛋白，组成这两种蛋白质的各种氨基酸含量相同，但排列顺序不同。

其原因是参与这两种蛋白质合成的是 mRNA碱基序列不同。

2.下列关于细胞癌变的叙述，错误的是原癌基因的主要功能是阻止细胞发生异常增殖。

3.哺乳动物因长时间未饮水导致机体脱水时，会发生的生理现象是肾小管和集合管对水的重吸收作用减弱。

4.当人看到酸梅时唾液分泌会大量增加，对此现象的分析，错误的是酸梅色泽直接刺激神经中枢引起唾液分泌。

5.取生长状态一致的燕麦胚芽鞘，分为a、b、c、d四组。

将a、b两组胚芽鞘尖端下方的一段切除，再从c、d两组胚芽鞘中的相应位置分别切取等长的一段，并按图中所示分别接入a、b两组胚芽鞘被切除的位置，得到a′、b′两组胚芽鞘。

然后用单侧光照射，发现a′组胚芽鞘向光弯曲生长，b′组胚芽鞘无弯曲生长，其原因是 c组尖端的生长素向胚芽鞘基部运输，d组尖端的生长素不能。

6.该动物种群的个体从出生到性成熟需要6个月，因此10月份的出生率可能不为零。

正确叙述应为：该种群10月份的出生率不一定为零。

7.A。

液溴易挥发，应在存放液溴的试剂瓶中加入水封。

B。

能使淀粉KI试纸变成蓝色的物质不一定是Cl2.C。

该溶液中存在I-，但不能确定原溶液的物质。

D。

该溶液含有Cl-或SO42-，但不能确定是否含有Ag+。

2012年高考全国2卷(理综)试题及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试一、选择题（本题共13 小题。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

）i．在人工饲养条件下，如果淡水鱼不排卵，可将同种性成熟鱼的垂体提取液注射到雌鱼体内，促进其排卵。

这一方法主要是利用了垂体细胞合成的 A 甲状腺激素 B 雌激素 C 促甲状腺激素D 促性腺激素ii．切除胸腺的幼年小鼠，其免疫功能表现为A 细胞免疫缺陷、体液免疫功能下降B 细胞免疫、体液免疫功能均正常C 细胞免疫缺陷、体液免疫功能正常D 细胞免疫正常、体液免疫功能下降iii．人体内的细胞外液构成了细胞生活的液体环境，在这个环境中可发生许多生物化学反应，其中有A 蛋白质消化分解成氨基酸B 神经递质和激素的合成C 丙酮酸氧化分解成二氧化碳和水D 乳酸与碳酸氢钠作用生成乳酸钠和碳酸iv．下列有关基因工程中限制性内切酶的描述，错误的是A 一种限制性内切酶只能识别一种特定的脱氧核苷酸序列B 限制性内切酶的活性受温度影响C 限制性内切酶能识别和切割RNAD 限制性内切酶可从原核生物中提取v．右图纵向表示海洋不同深度中鱼类的食物分布状况，曲线甲、乙、丙分别表示三种鱼的数量变化。

下列对此图的分析，错误的是A 海洋中的鱼类具有垂直分层现象B 此图表明鱼类对食物的竞争状况C 此图表明海洋中鱼类的捕食状况D 此图表明海洋中鱼类的共生关系vi．已知：C（s）＋CO2（g）2CO（g）△H＞0。

该反应的达到平衡后，下列条件有利于反应向正方向进行的是A 升高温度和减小压强B 降低温度和减小压强C 降低温度和增大压强D 升高温度和增大压强vii．0.1mol/L NaHCO3溶液的pH最接近于A．5.6 B．7.0 C．8.4 D．13.0viii．能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式是A 醋酸钠的水解反应CH3COO－＋H3O＋＝CH3COOH＋H2OB 碳酸氢钙与过量的NaOH溶液反应Ca2＋＋2HCO3－＋2OH－＝CaCO3↓＋2H2O＋CO32－C 苯酚钠溶液与二氧化碳反应C6H5O－＋CO2＋H2O＝C6H5OH＋CO32－D 稀硝酸与过量的铁屑反应3Fe＋8H＋＋2NO3－＝3Fe3＋＋2NO↑＋4H2Oix．已知：①1 mol H2分子中化学键断裂时需要吸收436kJ的能量②1 mol Cl2分子中化学键断裂时需要吸收243kJ的能量③由H原子和Cl原子形成1 mol HCl分子时释放431kJ的能量下列叙述正确的是A．氢气和氯气反应生成氯化氢气体的热化学方程式是H2(g)＋Cl2(g)＝2HCl(g)B．氢气和氯气反应生成2 mol氯化氢气体，反应的△H＝183kJ/molC．氢气和氯气反应生成2 mol氯化氢气体，反应的△H＝－183kJ/molD．氢气和氯气反应生成1 mol氯化氢气体，反应的△H＝－183kJ/molx．在盛有稀H2SO4的烧杯中放入用导线连接锌片和铜片，下列叙述正确的是A 正极附近的SO42―离子浓度逐渐增大B 电子通过导线由铜片流向锌片C 正极有O 2逸出D 铜片上有H 2逸出 xi ．下列氧化还原反应中，水作为氧化剂的是 A CO ＋H 2O CO 2＋H 2 B 3NO 2＋H 2O ＝2HNO 3＋NO C 2Na 2O 2＋2H 2O ＝4NaOH ＋O 2↑ D 2F 2＋2H 2O ＝4HF ＋O 2xii ．仔细分析下列表格中烃的排列规律，判断排列在第15位烃的分子式是 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 …… C 2H 2 C 2H 4 C 2H 6 C 3H 4 C 3H 6 C 3H 8 C 4H 6 C 4H 8 C 4H 10 ……A C 6H 12BC 6H 14 C C 7H 12D C 7H 14 xiii ．在一定条件下，将钠与氧气反应的生成物1.5g 溶于水，所得溶液恰好能被80mL 浓度为0.50mol/L 的HCl 溶液中和，则该生成物的成分是A Na 2O B Na 2O 2 C Na 2O 和Na 2O 2 D Na 2O 2和NaO 2二、选择题（本题共8小题。

2012年全国新课标高考理综试卷及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

第I卷1至8页，第II卷9至16页，共300分。

考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的准考证号、姓名填写在答题卡上。

考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名、考试科目”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。

2.第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

第II卷用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答，在试题卷上作答，答案无效。

3.考试结束，监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。

第I卷一、选择题：1.同一物种的两类细胞各产生一种分泌蛋白，组成这两种蛋白质的各种氨基酸含量相同，但排列顺序不同。

其原因是参与这两种蛋白质合成的是（B）A. tRNA 种类不同B. mRNA碱基序列不同C.核糖体成分不同D.同一密码子所决定的氨基酸不同2.下列关于细胞癌变的叙述，错误的是（D）A.癌细胞在条件不适宜时可无限增殖B.癌变前后，细胞的形态和结构有明显差别C.病毒癌基因可整合到宿主基因组诱发癌变D.原癌基因的主要功能是阻止细胞发生异常增殖3.哺乳动物因长时间未饮水导致机体脱水时，会发生的生理现象是（B）A.血浆渗透压降低B.抗利尿激素分泌增加C.下丘脑渗透压感受器受到的刺激减弱D.肾小管和集合管对水的重吸收作用减弱4.当人看到酸梅时唾液分泌会大量增加，对此现象的分析，错误的是（C）A.这一反射过程需要大脑皮层的参与B.这是一种反射活动，其效应器是唾液腺C.酸梅色泽直接刺激神经中枢引起唾液分泌D.这一过程中有“电—化学—电”信号的转化5.取生长状态一致的燕麦胚芽鞘，分为a、b、c、d四组。

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖北卷)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）本试题卷共16页，81题。

全卷满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

（听力部分略）第二部分：选择题（共两节，满分30分）第一节：单项选择（每小题1分，满分10分）21. Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.A. sponsorB. launchC. organizeD. plan22. Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and every page of my draft.A. approvedB. quotedC. polishedD. folded23. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to his courage.A. hold upB. keep upC. set upD. take up24. I’m so glad you’ve come here to this matter in person.A. lead toB. see toC. turn toD. refer to25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, butlooks in the garden of a traditional home.A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place26. “Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do about it,” Father suggested to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.A. tentativelyB. thoughtlesslyC. definitelyD. rudely27. Could you tell the difference between “require” and “request”? I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings.A. dramaticB. regionalC. apparentD. subtle28. Whether building in this area should be pull down has remained ; people are still looking for other possible solutions.contradictoryA. unchallengedB. relevantC. controversialD.29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any .A. symptomB. similaritiesC. sampleD. shadow30. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct in applying for a visa.A. patternB. procedureC. programD. perspective第二节：完形填空（每小题1分，满分20分）I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV. One day, a sociologist proposed that the 31 society has been consuming modern humans little by little. For fear that I would become a victim of the consumer society, I 32 hurried to a bicycle shop in my neighborhood. 33 the shopkeeper Mr. Johnson was selling me the bicycle, he said, “This is the best thing you 34 have done. Life has become hopelessly 35 . A bicycle is simple, and it brings to you 36 things: fresh air, sunshine and exercise.” I agreed. Happy as a child, I got on the bicycle and headed out onto the streets. After some time, I 37 at the other end of the town. I was 38 that this simple vehicle could let me 39 long distances in a fairly short time. But how 40 did I really go?Since I hated to be 41 , I went back to Mr. Johnson and ask him to 42 an odometer（里程表） on my bicycle. He agreed, but 43 , “An odometer without a speedometer（速度计）is like a 44 without aknife.” I admitted he was right and in a few minutes, the two devices （装置）were 45 to the handlebars of my bicycle. “ What about a horn?” he then asked. “Look, this horn is no larger than a matchbox and has many 46 .” Attracted by these functions, I bought the horn.“You can’t leave the back part 47 ,” noted Mr. Johnson. He fixed a metal box with buttons 48 the seat, and said, “Is there anything better than this oven when you feel 49 on your way? I can give you special discount.” I was not strong enough to 50 the offer.“I congratulate you once more; this is the best thing you could have done,” said Mr. Johnson in the end.bachelor31. A. adult B. human C. consumer D.32. A. eventually B. immediately C. reluctantly D. gratefully33. A. Although B. Because C. As D. Unless34. A. would B. should C. must D. could35. A. boring B. complicated C. stressful D. tough36. A. natural B. mysterious C. complex D. unique37. A. gave up B. broke down C. calmed down D. ended up38. A. amazed B. amused C. confused D. concerned39. A. march B. drive C. cover D. measure40. A. far B. long C. fast D. deep41. A. unreliable B. impractical C. unprepared D. inaccuraterepair D.lay42. A. fix B. check C.43. A. swore B. added C. replied D. concluded44. A. pencil B. fork C. box D. cake45. A. distributed B. converted C. applied D. attached46. A. shapes B. sizes C. functions D. models47. A. loose B. blank C. bare D. incomplete48. A. beside B. before C. below D. behind49. A. sick B. hungry C. hot D. thirsty50. A. consider B. withdraw C. make D. resist第三部分：阅读理解（每小题2分，满分40）AYou’ve just come home, after living abroad for a few years. Since you’ve been away, has this country changed for the better—or for the worse?If you’ve just arrived back in the UK after a fortnight’s holiday, small changes have probably surprised you—anything from a local greengrocer suddenly being replaced by a mobile-phone shop to someone in your street moving house.So how have things changed to people coming back to Britain after seven, ten or even 15 years living abroad? What changes in society can they see that the rest of us have hardly noticed—or now take for granted? To find out, we asked some people who recently returned.Debi: When we left, Cheltenham, my home town, was a town of white, middle-class families—all very conservative. The town is now home to many eastern Europeans and lots of Australia, who come here mainly to work in hotels and tourism. There are even several shops only for foreigners.Having been an immigrant myself, I admire people who go overseas to find a job. Maybe if I lived in aninner city where unemployment was high, I’d think differently, but I believe foreign settlers have improved this country because they’re more open-minded and often work harder than the natives.Christine: As we flew home over Britain, both of us remarked how green everything looked. But the differences between the place we’d left behind and the one we returned to were brought sharply into focus as soon as we landed.To see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frightening—in Cyprus, they’re very relaxed—and I got pulled over by customs officers just for taking a woolen sweater with some metal-made buttons out of my case in the arrivals hall. Everyone seemed to be on guard. Even the airport car-hire firm wanted a credit card rather than cash because they said their vehicles had been used by bank robbers.But anyway, this is still a green, beautiful country. I just wish more people would appreciate what they’ve got.51. After a short overseas holiday, people tend to .A. notice small changesB. expect small changesC. welcome small changesD. exaggerate small changes52. How does Debi look at the foreign settlers?A. Cautiously.B. Positively.C. Skeptically.D. Critically.53. When arriving at the airport in Britain, Christine was shocked by .A. the relaxed policemenB. the messy arrivals hallC. the tight securityD. the bank robbers54. Which might be the best title for the passage?A. Life in Britain.B. Back in Britain.C. Britain in Future.D. Britain in Memory.BWhen my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days.It goes like this: You can’t take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. We’d take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the tram, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didn’t like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Mom’s friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day.The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal. She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.Once you learn the route map and step with certainly over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just light-rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, ifyou have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet.On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I now when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where’s the stop, and will I get when we go under the river?I’m writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn’t try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me.55. Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days?A. Having a car ride.B. Taking the train twice.C. Buying more than one toy.D. Touring the historic district.56. According to the writer, what was the greateds benefit of her TransportationDays?A. Building confidence in herself.B. Reducing her use of private cars.C. Developing her senses of direction.D Giving her knowledge about vehicles.57. The underlined word "paralyzed" (in Para.5) is closest in meaning to " ".A. displayedB. justifiedC. ignoredD. ruined58. Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of?A. Airplane.B. Subway.C. Train.D. Car.CIt was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland’s oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education. A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers. Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873, the seven-page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on International Women’s Day.The document was discovered buried in the university archives（档案）by part-time history student Lis Smith, who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research. She said:”We knew that Sophia Jex-Blake and her supporters in their effort to open up university medical education for women, had written to the Senatus Academicus（校评议委员会）at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there, but we didn’t now documentary evidence existed. While searching thearchives for information about the university’s higher certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex-Blake wrote.”In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachears or build suitable buildings for medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance-learning degree for women. The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access ot university education in the days before they were admitted as students. It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.Ms Jex-Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicines for Women in 1874. She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. Eventually, she moved back to Edingburgh and opened her own pracitce.59. Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted .A. to carry out a research project thereB. to set up a medical institute thereC. to study medicine thereD. to deliver lectures there60. Lis Smith found Sophia's letter to St Andrews University .A. by the pure chanceB. in the school officeC. with her supporters' helpD. while reading history books61. Sophia's letter resulted in the establishment of .A. the London School of Medicine for WomenB. a degree programme for womenC. a system of medical educationD. the University of Berne62. When did St Andrews University begin to take full-time women students?A. In 1873.B. In 1874.C. In 1877.D. In 1892.DHow is it that siblings（兄弟姐妹）can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brother and sisters are a lasting force in each others’ lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don’tenjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brother and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I “ and “me”.A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that sibling created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their sibling were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.63. The underlined part "in a different family" (in Para.1) means " ".A. in a different family environmentB. in different family traditionC. in a different family crisesD. in different families64. In terms of language development, later-borns .A. get their parents' individual guidanceB. learn a lot from their elder siblingsC. experience a lot of difficultiesD. pick up words more quickly65. What was found about fights among siblings?A. Siblings hated fighting and loved playing.B. Siblings in some families fought frequently.C. Siblings fights led to bad sibling relationships.D. Siblings learned to get on together from fights.66. The word "feminine" (in Para.4) means " ".A. having qualities of parentsB. having qualities of womenC. having defensive qualitiesD. having extraordinary qualitiesEBrrriiinnng. The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning. You jump out of bed, rush into the shower, into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think. A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing. Once at the office, you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters. In that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problem-solving work?The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible,open-minded thinking. Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when we’re unfocused. If you are one of those energetic morning people, your most inventive time come in the early evening when you are relaxed. Sleepy people’s lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving. By not givingyourself time to tune into your wandering mind, you’re missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer. The trip you take to work doesn’t help, either. The stress slows down the speed with which signals travel between neurons（神经细胞）, making inspiratins less likely to occur. And while we all should read a lot about what’s going on in the world, it would not make you feel good for sure, so put that news website or newpaper aside until after the day’s work is done.So what would our mornings look like if we wanted to start them with a full capacity for creative problem solving? We’d set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, following our thoughts where they lead. We’d stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower, stopping thingking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation. We’d take some deep breaths on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic. And once in the office—after we get a cup of coffee—we ‘d click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.67. According to the author, we are more creative when we are .A. focusedB. relaxedC. awakeD. busy68. What does the author imply about newspapers?A. They are solution providers.B. They are a source of inspiration.C. They are normally full of bad news.D. They are more educational than websites.69. By "tune into your wandering mind" (in Para.2), the author means " ".A. wander into the wildB. listen to a beautiful tuneC. switch to the traffic channelD. stop concentrating on anything70. The author writes the last paragraph in order to .A. offer practical suggestionsB. summarize past experiencesC. advocate diverse ways of lifeD. establish a routine for the future第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分50分）第一节：完成句子（共10小题：每小题2分，满分20分）71. With , some animals are facing the danger of dying out. (cut)由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，一些动物正面临着灭绝的危险。

2012年高考全国卷理综(含答案)

2012年高考全国卷理综试卷（含答案）本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

第I卷1至4页，第II卷5至11页。

考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。

请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．。

3.第I卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。

一下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Cl 35.5 K 39 Fe 56 Cu 64 Br 80 Ag 108一、选择题：本题共13小题。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.下列关于膝跳反射的叙述，错误的是A.反射活动由一点的刺激引起B.反射活动中兴奋在突触处双向传递C.反射活动的发生需要反射弧结构完整D.发射活动中需要神经递质参与兴奋的传递2.下列关于叶绿体和线粒体的叙述，正确的是A.线粒体和叶绿体均含有少量的DNAB.叶绿体在光下和黑暗中均能合成ATPC.细胞生命活动所需的ATP均来自线粒体D.线粒体基质和叶绿体基质所含酶的种类相同。

3.一块农田中有豌豆、杂草、田鼠和土壤微生物等生物，其中属于竞争关系的是A.田鼠和杂草B.豌豆和杂草C.豌豆和其根中的根瘤菌D.细菌和其细胞内的噬菌体4.下列关于森林群落垂直结构的叙述，错误的是A.群落中的植物具有垂直分层现象B.群落中的动物具有垂直分层现象第1/17页第2/17页C.动物在群落中的垂直分层与植物的分层有关D.乔木层的疏密程度不会影响草木层的水平结构5、下列关于细菌的叙述，正确的是A 不同种类细菌的生长均需要相同碳源B 常用液体培养基分离获得细菌单菌落C 细菌大量培养过程中，芽孢形成于细菌生长的调整期D 培养基中含有高浓度NaCl 有利于金黄色葡萄球菌的筛选6 、下列关于化学键的叙述，正确的一项是A 粒子化合物中一定含有离子键B 单质分子中均不存在化学键C 含有极性键的分子一定是极性分子D 含有共价键的化合物一定是共价化合物7 、能正确表示下列反应的离子方程式是A 硫酸铝溶液中加入过量氨水 3Al ++3OH=Al(OH)3 ↓B 碳酸钠溶液中加入澄清石灰水 Ca(OH) 2 +23C O -=CaCO 3 ↓ + 2OH -C 冷的氢氧化钠溶液中通入氯气 Cl 2 + 2OH -=Cl O - + Cl -+ H 2OD 稀硫酸中加入铁粉 2Fe + 6 H += 23Fe + + 3H 2 ↑8 、合成氨所需的氢气可用煤和水作原料经多步反映值得，其中的一步反应为CO （g ）+ H 2O(g) −−−→←−−−催化剂CO 2(g) + H 2(g) △H ＜0 反应达到平衡后，为提高CO 的转化率，下列措施中正确的是A 增加压强B 降低温度C 增大CO 的浓度D 更换催化剂9 、反应 A+B →C （△H ＜0）分两步进行 ① A+B →X （△H ＞0） ② X →C （△H ＜0）下列示意图中，能正确表示总反应过程中能量变化的是10 、元素X形成的离子与钙离子的核外电子排布相同，且X的离子半径小于负二级硫的离子半径，X元素为A AlB PC ArD K11、①②③④四种金属片两两相连浸入稀硫酸中都可组成原电池，①②相连时，外电路电流从②流向①；①③相连时，③为正极，②④相连时，②有气泡逸出；③④相连时，③的质量减少，据此判断这四种金属活动性由大到小的顺序是A ①③②④B ①③④②C ③④②①D ③①②④12.在常压和500℃条件下，等物质的量的A g2 ,F E(OH)3 ,NH4HCO3,N a HCO3完全分解，所得气体体积依次是V1\V2\V3\V4.体积大小顺序正确的是A.V3＞V2＞V4＞V1B. V3＞V4＞V2＞V1C.V3＞V2＞V1＞V4D.V2＞V3＞V1＞V413.橙花醇具有玫瑰及苹果香气，可作为香料，其结构简式如下下列关于橙花醇的叙述，错误的是A．既能发生取代反应，也能发生加成反应B．在浓硫酸催化下加热脱水，可以生成不止一种四烯烃C．1mo1橙花醇在氧气中充分燃烧，需消耗470.4氧化（标准状况D．1mo1橙花醇在室温下与溴四氯化碳溶液反应，最多消耗240g溴二，选择题：本题共8题。

2012年全国高考理综试题-湖北卷

试卷类型A 2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）数学（文史类）本试卷共4页，共22题，满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用统一提供的2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方块涂黑。

2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用统一提供的2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。

3.填空题和解答题的作答：用统一提供的签字笔将答案直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

答在试卷、草稿纸上无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1已知集合A{x| 2x-3x +2=0,x∈R } ，B={x|0＜x＜5，x∈N }，则满足条件A ⊆C ⊆B 的集合C 的个数为A 1B 2C 3D 42 容量为20的样本数据，分组后的频数如下表则样本数据落在区间[10,40]的频率为A 0.35B 0.45C 0.55D 0.653 函数f(x)=xcos2x在区间[0,2π]上的零点个数为A 2B 3C 4D 54.命题“存在一个无理数，它的平方是有理数”的否定是A.任意一个有理数，它的平方是有理数B.任意一个无理数，它的平方不是有理数C.存在一个有理数，它的平方是有理数D.存在一个无理数，它的平方不是有理数5.过点P（1,1）的直线，将圆形区域{（x，y）|x2+y2≤4}分两部分，使得这两部分的面积之差最大，则该直线的方程为A.x+y-2=0B.y-1=0C.x-y=0D.x+3y-4=06．已知定义在区间（0.2）上的函数y=f(x)的图像如图所示，则y=-f(2-x)的图像为7.定义在（-∞，0）∪（0，+∞）上的函数f（x），如果对于任意给定的等比数列{a n}，{f（a n）}仍是等比数列，则称f（x）为“保等比数列函数”。

2012年高考全国2卷(理综)试题及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试物理部分二、选择题（本题共8小题。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一个选项正确，有的有多个正确选项正确，全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分）i ．对一定量的气体，下列说法正确的是A 在体积缓慢地不断增大的过程中，气体一定对外界做功B 在压强不断增大的过程中，外界对气体一定做功C 在体积不断被压缩的过程中，内能一定增加D 在与外界没有发生热量交换的过程中，内能一定不变ii ．一列横波在x 轴上传播，在x ＝0与x ＝1cm 的两点的振动图线分别如图中实线与虚线所示。

由此可以得出A 波长一定是4cmB 波的周期一定是4sC 波的振幅一定是2cmD 波的传播速度一定是1cm/siii ．如图所示，PQS 是固定于竖直平面内的光滑的1/4圆周轨道，圆心O 在S 的正上方，在S 和P 两点各有一质量为m 的小物块a 和b ，从同一时刻开始，a 自由下落，b 沿圆弧下滑。

以下说法正确的是A a 比b 先到达S ，它们在S 点的动量不相等B a 与b 同时到达S ，它们在S 点的动量不相等C a 比b 先到达S ，它们在S 点的动量相等D b 比a 先到达S ，它们在S 点的动量不相等 iv ．如图，P 是一偏振片，P 的振动方向（用带有箭头的实线表示）为竖直方向。

下列四种入射光束中，哪几种照射P 时能在P 的另一侧观察到透射光？A 太阳光B 沿竖直方向振动的光C 沿水平方向振动的光D 沿与竖直方向成45°角振动的光v ．氢原子在某三个相邻能级之间跃迁时，可发生三种不同波长的辐射光。

已知其中的两个波长分别为λ1和λ2，且λ1和λ2，则另一个波长可能是A λ1＋λ2B λ1－λ2 C1212λλλλ+ D 1212λλλλ- vi ．如图所示，一带负电的质点在固定的正的点电荷作用下绕该正电荷做匀速圆周运动，周期为T 0，轨道平面位于纸面内，质点的速度方向如图中箭头所示。

2012高考理综考题考卷和答案解析

2012高考理综考题考卷和答案解析
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2012年全国高考理综试题及答案-湖北卷

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

第I卷1至8页，第II卷9至16页，共300分。

考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的准考证号、姓名填写在答题卡上。

考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名、考试科目”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。

2.第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

第II卷用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答，在试题卷上作答，答案无效。

3.考试结束，监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。

第I卷一、选择题：1.同一物种的两类细胞各产生一种分泌蛋白，组成这两种蛋白质的各种氨基酸含量相同，但排列顺序不同。

2012年高考理综湖北卷(含答案)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）理科综合能力测试物理部分二、选择题。

本题共8小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一项符合题目要求，有的有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14.伽利略根据小球在斜面上运动的实验和理想实验，提出了惯性的概念，从而奠定了牛顿力学的基础。

早期物理学家关于惯性有下列说法，其中正确的是A.物体抵抗运动状态变化的性质是惯性B.没有力作用，物体只能处于静止状态C.行星在圆周轨道上保持匀速率运动的性质是惯性D.运动物体如果没有受到力的作用，将继续以同一速度沿同一直线运动15.如图，x轴在水平地面内，y轴沿竖直方向。

图中画出了从y轴上沿x轴正向抛出的三个小球a、b和c的运动轨迹，其中b和c是从同一点抛出的，不计空气阻力，则A.a的飞行时间比b的长B. b和c的飞行时间相同C.a的水平速度比b的小D. b的初速度比c的大16.如图，一小球放置在木板与竖直墙面之间。

设墙面对球的压力大小为N1，球对木板的压力大小为N2。

以木板与墙连接点所形成的水平直线为轴，将木板从图示位置开始缓慢地转到水平位置。

不计摩擦，在此过程中A.N1始终减小，N2始终增大B.N1始终减小，N2始终减小C.N1先增大后减小，N2始终减小D.N1先增大后减小，N2先减小后增大17.自耦变压器铁芯上只绕有一个线圈，原、副线圈都只取该线圈的某部分，一升压式自耦调压变压器的电路如图所示，其副线圈匝数可调。

已知变压器线圈总匝数为1900匝；原线圈为1100匝，接在有效值为220V的交流电源上。

当变压器输出电压调至最大时，负载R上的功率为2.0kW。

设此时原线圈中电流有效值为I1，负载两端电压的有效值为U2，且变压器是理想的，则U2和I1分别约为A.380V和5.3AB.380V和9.1AC.240V和5.3AD.240V和9.1A18.如图，平行板电容器的两个极板与水平地面成一角度，两极板与一直流电源相连。

2012年高考新课标全国卷理综试卷(含答案)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

第I卷1至8页，第II卷9至16页，共300分。

考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的准考证号、姓名填写在答题卡上。

考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名、考试科目”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。

2.第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

第II卷用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答，在试题卷上作答，答案无效。

3.考试结束，监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。

第I卷一、选择题：1.同一物种的两类细胞各产生一种分泌蛋白，组成这两种蛋白质的各种氨基酸含量相同，但排列顺序不同。

2012年全国高考理综试题及答案-新课标

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

第I卷1至8页，第II卷9至16页，共300分。

考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的准考证号、姓名填写在答题卡上。

考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名、考试科目”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。

2.第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

第II卷用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答，在试题卷上作答，答案无效。

3.考试结束，监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。

第I卷一、选择题：1.同一物种的两类细胞各产生一种分泌蛋白，组成这两种蛋白质的各种氨基酸含量相同，但排列顺序不同。

2012年全国高考理综试题及答案-新课标

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试第I卷一、选择题：（每题只有一个选项符合题目要求）7．下列叙述中正确的是【A】A．液溴易挥发，在存放液溴的试剂瓶中应加水封B．能使润湿的淀粉KI试纸变成蓝色的物质一定是Cl2C．某溶液加入CCl4，CCl4层显紫色，证明原溶液中存在I－D．某溶液加入BaCl2溶液，产生不溶于稀硝酸的白色沉淀，该溶液一定含有Ag+8．下列说法中正确的是【B】A．医用酒精的浓度通常为95%B．单质硅是将太阳能转化为电能的常用材料C．淀粉、纤维素和油脂都属于天然高分子化合物D．合成纤维和光导纤维都是新型无机非金属材料9．用N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。

下列叙述中不正确．．．的是【D】A．分子总数为N A的NO2和CO2混合气体中含有的氧原子数为2N AB．28g乙烯和环丁烷（C4H8）的混合气体中含有的碳原子数为2N AC．常温常压下，92g的NO2和N2O4混合气体含有的原子数为6N AD．常温常压下，22.4L氯气与足量镁粉充分反应，转移的电子数为2 N A10．分子式为C5H12O且可与金属钠反应放出氢气的有机化合物有（不考虑立体异构）【D】A．5种B．6种C．7种D．8种11．已知温度T时水的离子积常数为K W，该温度下，将浓度为a mol·L－1的一元酸HA与b mol·L－1的一元碱BOH等体积混合，可判定该溶液呈中性的依据是【C】A．a=b B．混合溶液的PH=7C．混合溶液中，c(H+ -1L D．混合溶液中，c(H+) + c(B+) = c(OH－) + c(A－)A．C7H16 B．C7H14O2 C．C8H18 D．C8H18O13．短周期元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序数依次增大，其中W的阴离子的核外电子数与X、Y、Z原子的核外内层电子数相同。

X的一种核素在考古时常用来鉴定一些文物的年代，工业上采用液态空气分馏方法来生产Y的单质，而Z不能形成双原子分子。

2012年湖北高考试题(理数,word解析版)

考点分析：考察余弦定理的运用.
难易度：★
解析：
12．阅读如图所示的程序框图，运行相应的程序，输出的结果 .
考点分析：本题考查程序框图.
难易度：★★
解析：程序在运行过程中各变量的值如下表示：
第一圈循环：当n=1时，得s=1，a=3.
第二圈循环:当n=2时，得s=4，a=5
第三圈循环：当n=3时，得s=9，a=7
难易度：★
解析：，则或，，又，
所以共有6个解.选C.
10．我国古代数学名著《九章算术》中“开立圆术”曰：置积尺数，以十六乘之，九而一，所得开立方除之，即立圆径.“开立圆术”相当于给出了已知球的体积，求其直径的一个近似公式 .人们还用过一些类似的近似公式.根据判断，下列近似公式中最精确的一个是
5．设，且，若能被
13整除，则
A．0B．1
C．11D．12于
51=52-1， ,
又由于13|52,所以只需13|1+a，0≤a<13,所以a=12选D.
6．设是正数，且，
，，
则
A． B．
C． D．
考点分析：本题主要考察了柯西不等式的使用以及其取等条件.
考点分析：本题考查排列、组合的应用.
难易度：★★
解析：（Ⅰ）4位回文数只用排列前面两位数字，后面数字就可以确定，但是第一位不能为0，有9（1~9）种情况，第二位有10（0~9）种情况，所以4位回文数有种。
答案：90
（Ⅱ）法一、由上面多组数据研究发现，2n+1位回文数和2n+2位回文数的个数相同，所以可以算出2n+2位回文数的个数。2n+2位回文数只用看前n+1位的排列情况，第一位不能为0有9种情况，后面n项每项有10种情况，所以个数为 .