写作常用词替换
英语写作常用同义词替换
英语写作常用同义词替换100个1. people=individuals人们(Those who)2. many people=a majority of people 大多数人3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词）4. a great number of=a large quantity of=considerable amount of很多（可数名词）5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的6. expensive=pricy 贵的7. thing=item 东西，物品8. humans=human beings=human race 人类9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to 有助于（动词）10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词）11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding) 有好处的（形容词）12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词）13. education=schooling 教育14. think=believe=hold 认为15. oppose=object to=be against 反对16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持17. as for me=as far as I am concerned 对我来说18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=personally 我的观点是19. as …develops=with the development of...=with the progress of…=a s…advances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词）20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副词）21. in addition=besides=furthermore=moreover 此外（提出新信息）22. because=as=for=since 因为（加句子）23. because of=due to=owing to 因为（加名词）24. reasons=factors 原因（名词）前面可以与(for)搭配25. so=thus=as a result=therefore=consequently=accordingly 因此26. however=nevertheless然而27. first=in the first place 第一28. on the one hand=in one aspect另外一方面29. in view of=considering=in the respect of=in light of 考虑到（介词短语，加名词后加逗号）30. replace=substitute 取代（动词）31. like=enjoy=be fond of=be fascinated with=prefer 喜欢（注意词性）32. pleasure=enjoyment 欢乐，享受（名词）33. hate=dislike不喜欢=be fed up with=be bored with 厌烦34. monotonous=dull and boring=tedious 无聊的，枯燥的35. pleasant=enjoyable 令人愉快的，享受的36. fast=efficient(efficiently) 快捷的，效率高的37. advantage=merit=strength=pros 优点38. disadvantage=demerit=weakness=cons=drawback 缺点39. if=on condition that=under the circumstance that 如果，在。
写作常用同义词替换
写作常用同义词（一）人类the human race, humanity, man, humankind，human beings, mankind,在当代in contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age，at present, currently, nowadays, recently, these years好处－坏处benefits, blessings, boons—banes, pros—cons, advantages—disadvantages, merit—demerit 对手competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)观点opinion=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) view名声，名誉fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation，eminence老人the old, the elderly, the retired, senior citizen, old people城市居民people living in cities, city residents, urban dwellers，local inhabitants孩子children, infant, kid 年轻人the young ,young people, youngster, youths, adolescents工作，职业job, career, employment, profession, occupation优点，好处advantage, merit, strength, pro, positive aspect, favorable aspect, boon, superiority, virtue缺点，坏处disadvantage, demerit, weakness, drawback, con，negative aspect, unfavorable aspect, bane 责任，任务duty, responsibility, obligation, liability幸福happiness, cheerfulness, well-being娱乐entertainment, enjoyment, recreation, pastime因素、原因reason, factor, cause 顶部、高峰top=peak, summit发展development, advance, progress能力ability, capability, aptitude, capacity, power, skill教育education, schooling, family parenting, upbringing老师，导师teacher, instructor, educator, lecturer成本、花费cost, expense, expenditure影响influence, effect, impact, repercussion[ˌri:pəˈkʌʃən], implication坏处，危险peril, hazard, danger污染pollution, contamination 混乱disorder=disarray [ˌdɪsəˈreɪ], chaos[ˈkeiɔs]结果result=consequence(the results or effects of something)尊敬respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)写作常用同义词（二）解决(及物动词)tackle, address, resolve, combat[ˈkɔmbət]处理solve, combat, tackle, resolve, address, deal with, cope with破坏，损坏(及物动词)endanger, destroy, eradicate, knock down, tear down，impair, undermine, jeopardize[ˈdʒepədaɪz], devastate(最后一个与其最强)影响(名词)impact, repercussions, ramifications, implications从事(及物动词)carry out, conduct, perform, go about增进enhance 代替improve保护preserve 代替protect污染contamination 代替pollution 需要（及物动词）require, necessitate, call for责备，谴责blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)认为think, believe, hold, deem, maintain, argue, assert, declare, advocate, claim, be convinced that, insist，contend评估，评价assess, evaluate, measure, appraise, estimate买buy, purchase培养cultivate, foster, nurture, promote, enhance, boost, shape, form, optimize, motivate, develop, strength 鼓励，刺激encourage, embolden, hearten, inspire, stimulate, spur坚持stick, adhere, cling建立establish, set up, build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL)忽视，忽略neglect, ignore, overlook保证，确保assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge改变change, alter, modify, convert into, transform引起，导致cause, trigger, give rise to, bring about, result in, lead to, contribute to获得acquire, obtain, attain, gain保护，保存conserve, preserve侮辱insult, humiliate (do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)否认deny, negate抱怨complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)表达express, voice, utter, pronounce追求pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek供应supply, provide, offer, afford丰富，扩大enrich, expand, broaden, widen, deepen禁止ban, forbid, prohibit, prevent发生happen, occur, take place取得accomplish, achieve, complete, finish, fulfill减轻ease, lighten，relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe) 减少decrease, lessen, diminish, reduce, abate, dwindle保持keep, retain, remain, withhold, reserve,忍受bear, stand, suffer, endure, abide, tolerate恶化worsen, deteriorate, aggravate[ˈæɡrəveit]迫使force, coerce [kəʊˈɜ:s], force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel断言assert, declare, affirm, protest, avow [əˈvaʊ], allege [əˈledʒ]支持favor, be for, approve of, side with, stand on the side of, consent to, vote for不同意state the objection to, disapprove, vote against, be against疑惑puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle归咎于attribute, ascribe, credit, impute关注，首要任务pay attention to, give priority to, attach importance to, put in the first place, place stress in, give weight to大力干，奋斗struggle for, strive for, spare no effort to, aspire after，make a great effort to do充满be filled with, teemed with从事go in for, embark on, set about, take up, engage in扩大enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)赞扬praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)显示show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.)大的big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal[kəˈlɔsl](use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)避免avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)攻击attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently不喜欢dislike=abhor[æbˈhɔ:] (abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!破坏，废墟ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)总是always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)惊讶surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)热情enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)担心worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)停止stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)基于based on=derived from (can see or notice them very easily)出现appear=emerge(come into existence)整个whole=entire(the whole of something)8满足satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)迷惑puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/herbecause he/she does not understand it)装饰decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive viadecorating it with something else)写作常用同义词（三）明显的dramatic, substantial, considerable, significant, enormous, drastic, market有害的harmful, detrimental, pernicious, adverse, baneful, evil, bad有好处的conducive, beneficial, helpful, advantageous, profitable, rewarding丰富的abundant, copious, profuse, ample, plentiful普遍的，随处可见的common, universal, ubiquitous贫穷的impoverished 代替poor明显的manifest(形容词), apparent, evident, obvious无处不在的prevalent, pervasive大量的a host of, a multitude of, a great/vast number of, numerous, plenty of (后面跟可数名词复数) a great deal of, a great/vast amount of, plenty of (后面跟不可数名词单数)富裕的affluent, wealthy, prosperous 代替rich重要的important =crucial (extremely important),significant，key, crucial, critical, vital, essential, important, primary, fundamental, radical普遍的common=universal, ubiquitous准确的accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)模糊的vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)基本的，主要的primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental公平的fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.) 永远的forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)安静的quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!昂贵的expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)奢侈的luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive无聊的boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)冷cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)热hot=boiling(very hot)危险的dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)唯一的only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;潮湿的wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!错误的wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)困难的difficult=formidable小心的，仔细的careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible) 奇怪的strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)怀疑的dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)吸引人的attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)各种各样的diverse=miscellaneous [ˌmɪsəˈleɪni:əs](a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)普通的ordinary=mundane [ˈmʌnˌdeɪn] (very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)最好的best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/不可思议的unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen.著名的famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)古老的ancient=archaic [ɑrˈkeɪk] (extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)可能的possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)so=consequently, accordingly罕见的rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often贪婪的greedy=rapacious [rəˈpeɪʃəs] (greedy and selfish)。
20组-写作高级词汇替换
新课标高考总复习·英语写作常用的4组高级写作[第一组]名词1.机会 chance = opportunity2 选择choose = alternative3、课程course = curriculum4. 影响effect = influence/impacts.后果result = consequence6,缺点shortcoming =drawback7 方法way = approach8,职业job = career / employment/profession9,老人 old people = the old /the elder/ the aged /senior citizens 10.青少年young people = youngsters/youths/adolescents第二组]动词及动词短语1,看见see-catch sight of2 遇见meet - come across3.遭遇 meet with--encounter4．拥有have- possess5.提高develop/improve-promote6.替代replace- substitute7, 面对face-be faced with.8 容忍bear-put up with9 解决solve-deal with/cope with10,决定decide- determine/make up one's mind11,考虑consider - take into account/consideration12 应该should-be supposed to13.理解understand- make sense of/ figure out14.使用use-employ/make use of/take advantage of15. 道歉apologize- make an apology to somebody16.记住remember- bear/keep in mind17.发生happen- occur/come about18.参观visit- tour/pay e visit to19.感谢thank- appreciate20.帮助某人help sb. →do sb. a favor21. 21节省save >set aside22.想起think of -occur/come up with23.分发hand out -distribute24.站是stand up- get to one's feet25,习惯于be used to - be accustomed to26 一定 be sure to - be bound to27,做准备 prepare for-make preparations for/be prepared for28.反对 against - object to29.厌烦 be tied of -be bored with -be fed up with -30.忙于be busy in (with) -be occupied in (with)/be buried in.31.be famous for- lave a reputation for32.感到舒心feel comfortable- feel at ease33,美化 make our school beautiful- beautify our school34.充耳不闻refuse to listen to -turn a deaf ear to35．成功做某事succeed in doing sth- make it36,想做某事want to do sth, -seek/intend/desire to do sth37.照看look after -attend to38．尽力做某事try one's best to do sth- spare no effort to do sth.39.向某人寻求帮助ask someone for help-turn to sb for help40,我认为I think-in my opinion/es far as I'm concerned}第三组]形容词1,令人惊奇的surprising-amazing/astonishing/shocking.2.贫穷的poor-needy/poverty-stricken3.优秀的excellent-outstanding4. 明题的obvious-apparent/evident5. 常见的common-universal6.充足的enough-adequate7.勤奋的hardworking-diligent8.可用的usable-available9.艰难的difficult-challenging10.坚强的strong-tough11. 重要的important-vital/significant12,不可能的impossible-out of the question13 有趣的interesting-absorbing/striking/appealing14,小心谨慎的careful-cautious15,幸运的lucky--fortunate16.巨大的large-enormous17. 合适的proper-appropriate18 丰富的rich-abundant19.古老的old--ancient20.唯一的only -unique,21 全部的whole-entire22.富裕的rich-wealthy t第四组其他(副词、连词、介词短语、数词)1.突然suddenly - all of a sudden2. 立即 immediately- in a flash3. 有时sometimes - occasionally/once in while/from time to time4. 另外:况且besides- in addition/what's more/moreover5. 因此so -therefore6. 第- first- to begin/star with7. 第二second- in addition/ what's more8. 最终 finally- eventually9. 但是hut-however10. 大多数most-the majority11.许多 a lot of- large quantity/amount of/ endless12.种类繁多的all kinds of-ra variary of/varieties of/various13. 事实上in fact-as a matter of fact/actually14. 例如for example-for instance15.几天前a few days ago -the other day,16.故意on purpose-deliberately by design :17 因为 because of- on account of/due to/owing to/thanks to18 总之. in a word-o gam up/in conclusion/in summary19 由…构成be made up of-consist of20 越来越多 more and more-an increasing number of21因为because-in that22,一...就 as soon as 从句 /on upon +名词（动名词）on arriving=on one’s arrival23.如果if=suppose/supposing/on condition that :24,即将到米 be coming soon=be around/round the corner...。
写作常用替换词
★形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10.有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11.流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive12.重要的：be of great importance=mean a lot=be of vital significance ★动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid★短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad, 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
写作常用替换词
★形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive★动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid★短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad,如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many. 注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
英文写作中常用同意替换词
写作常用同意替换词1Adj.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken积极的，好的：good = conducive =beneficial=advantageous消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated引起：cause = trigger=cause=create=give rise to=lead to=result in解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with拆除：demolish = tear down = knock down消除：eradicate=eliminate培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur=inspire完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold有害于：harm = damage=impair = undermine = jeopardize=devastate 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lightenn. 影响：influence= impact=effect人类：human beings= mankind =humankind= human race青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability职业：job = career = employment = profession娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for写作常用同意替换词21. remember: bear in mind that2. have: enjoy, possess3. be against : disagree with sth, frown on sth4. many: an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of , a host of5. some: quite a few , several, a slice of6. think: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that7. thing: affair, business, matter8. common: shared9. get many benefits: reap huge fruits10. in my opinion: for my part, from my own perspective,11. ..reasons for sth: There are several reasons behind sth12. like : be fond of, love, be crazy about13. helpful: beneficial, rewarding,14. buyer: shopper, client, consumer, purchaser, customer15. very: exceedingly, extremely16. sb take interest in / sb. be interested in: sth appeals to sb; sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb17. attract one's attention: capture one's attention18. play an important role in: be highly significant, be essential/ crucial/ indispensable to19. pollution: contamination20. improve: promote, advance, enhance21. change: transform22. emphasize: highlight, stress23. in modern society: in contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age24. everywhere: widespread, prevalent, rampant25. need: require, necessitate, call for26. rich: wealthy, affluent27. cheap: economical, inexpensive28. crime: delinquency, criminal act29. serious: severe30: forefather: ancestor, predecessor。
英语写作常用替换词
写作中常用词替换Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities — as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specificpercentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts”with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming- and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.1.The primary purpose of the text is to[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies. [B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.[C] propose a temporary solution to a problem. [D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.2.The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causesit to[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm. [B] face potentially crippling fixed expenses.[C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government. [D] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.3.It can be inferred from the text that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federaland local agencies” (line 9, paragraph 1) are[A] more popular with large corporations. [B] more concrete.[C] less controversial. [D] less expensive to enforce.4.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response tofederal requirements (line 1, paragraph 2) was substantial?[A] Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.[B] Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.[C] The figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.[D] The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.5.The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working withminority subcontractors?[A] Annoyed by the proliferation of “front”organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work withminority-owned subcontractors in the near future.[B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversionto government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.[C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughoutthe 1980’s.[D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’smade substantial response impossible.Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social condition that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas andactivities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United State have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and “individual theorists” were in reality connected to a movement —utopian socialism — which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to saint-simonianism European historians’appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their utopia.Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believe that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.1.It can be inferred that the author consider those historians who describe early feminists in the United States as “solitary”to be[A] insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thought.[B] overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848.[C] not focused narrowly enough in their geographical scope.[D] insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference.2.The author’s attitude toward European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians is primarily one of[A] approval of the specific focus of their research.[B] disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the Saint-Simonians’ energy after 1832.[C] approval of their general focus on social conditions.[D] disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts.3.The author mentions all of the following as characteristic of the Saint-Simonians EXCEPT[A] The group included many women among its members.[B] The group believed in a world that would be characterized by sexual equality.[C] The group was among the earliest European socialist groups.[D] Most members believed that women and men were inherently similar in ability and character.4.It can be inferred from the text that the Saint-Simonians envisioned a utopian society having which of the followingcharacteristics?[A] It would be worldwide. [B] It would emphasize dogmatic religious principles.[C] It would most influence the United States. [D] It would have armies composed of women rather than of men.5.According to the text, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by mostSaint-Simonians?[A] A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education.[B] A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal status.[C] A society in which women did not enter public life.[D] A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis oftheir spiritual power。
写作常用词语高级替换系列
写作常用词语高级替换系列重要的(important [ɪm'pɔːt(ə)nt])vital ['vaɪt(ə)l]【例句】She had found out some information of vital importance.【翻译】她已经发现了一些至关重要的信息crucial ['kruːʃ(ə)l]【例句】It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.【翻译】立即着手解决这个问题是至关重要的。
prominent ['prɒmɪnənt]【例句】This considerable increase in investment played a prominent role in fueling economic growth.【翻译】投资的较大幅度增加,对拉动经济增长发挥了明显作用.cardinal ['kɑːd(ɪ)n(ə)l]【例句】Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law.【翻译】尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则。
优秀的(good [gʊd])excellent ['eks(ə)l(ə)nt]【例句】She has always had a high reputation for her excellent short stories.【翻译】她一直因其优秀的短篇小说享有很高的声望。
outstanding [aʊt'stændɪŋ]【例句】The girl who won the scholarship was quite outstanding.【翻译】得奖学金的女孩是相当优秀的。
extraordinary [ɪkˈst rɔːdnri]【例句】Her strength of will was extraordinary.【翻译】她的意志力是非凡的.remarkable [rɪ'mɑːkəb(ə)l]【例句】The economic diplomacy of China is characterized by distinctive features and remarkable achievements.【翻译】中国的经济外交具有鲜明的特点和卓越的成就.有趣的(interesting ['ɪnt(ə)rɪstɪŋ])amusing [ə'mjuːzɪŋ]【例句】Do not hesitate to laugh at anything you find amusing.【翻译】只要觉得好笑就尽管笑。
英语写作常用同义替换词
1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide,supply, afford4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative9认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19 保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20急剧的：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23发生：Happen, occur, take place24原因：Reason, factor, cause25发展：Development, advance, progress26有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27影响：Influence, impact, effect28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely 32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation 35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle高频形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent = pervasive高频动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为：think = assert = hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten高频名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazards3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = humane race5. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力：ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩子：children = offspring = descendant = kid高频短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of。
写作常用替换词
写作常用替换词人们people/ the public/individuals/citizens年轻人the young/juvenile/youth/youngsters老年人the old/the elderly/senior citizens/the aged员工workers/employees/staff/clerks事情，事件thing/stuff/affairs/business/matter不好的，负面的negative/adverse/detrimental/unfavorable/dreadful越来越increasing/growing及其，非常intensely/overwhelmingly/extremely不必要的，不一定的hardly necessary/hardly inevitable对某事感兴趣sth appeals to sb/sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 竞争对手rival/competitor/opponent/adversary/contender特点，特征trait/feature/attribute/characteristic/quality造成结果give rise to/lead to/result in/trigger/pave the way for(后面都接名词或名词词组)缺乏，缺少lack/be lack of/shortage/insufficiency标准，基准benchmark/standard/criteria大量的plenty of/substantial/numerous/a multitude of/a host of可行的practical/feasible/workable重要的essential/crucial/critical/paramount/pivotal/is of great importance贫困poverty/poor/underdeveloped/financially-challenged产生produce/generate/create/pose危险的，有害的dangerous/perilous/hazardous著名的famous/renowned /distinguished解决，处理solve/resolve/settle/tackle/handle/deal with/cope with使用，利用use/utilize/employ/exploit/harness支持，资助support/sponsor/back up/subsidize/finance提高，推动，加强improve/promote/enhance/strengthen/facilitate/boost 改变，转变change/shift/alter/convert重视，强调highlight/emphasize/underline/attach great importance to/give top priority to/priority should be given to…忽视，轻视ignore/neglect/overlook/underestimate。
高考作文常用高级替换词+写作常见错误+56个必备句型
高考作文常用高级替换词+写作常见错误+56个必备句型一、高考作文高级替换词下面这些高级替换词不仅可以用在写作中，翻译的时候也同样适用~注意：首行单词是必须要掌握的同义替换，带星号的是高级表达。
高频动词1、认为/宣称：believe/ insist/ maintain/ hold/ argue／assert/ declare/ claim/ ＊allege/reckon/contend2、反对：disagree/argue against/object/ oppose/contradict/＊dispute/ quarrel/ refute3、同意：agree/ in favor of/＊consent/ comply/concur4、导致：cause/ result in/ lead to/ contribute to/＊bring about/ give rise to5、影响：Influence/ impact/ affect6、解决：solve/work out/＊tackle/ resolve/address( I can address the issue. 我可以解决这个问题)7、处理：deal with/cope with/handle8、从事：carry out/be engaged in/occupy in/＊undertake/ embark on/ devote oneself to9、需要：require/ call for/ demand/ request＊necessitate/ yearn for/ hunger for/ desperate for10、增进/提高/促进/增强：improve/ enhance/ boost/promote/advance ＊strengthen/ optimize/augment11、培养：develop/ cultivate/＊foster/nurture12、确保：assure/ ensure/ guarantee/promise/＊pledge13、减轻（消除）：relieve/ lighten/ take away/ eliminate/＊clear up/ smooth away/alleviate14、相联系：connect with/ relate to/＊contact with/ link to / associate with15、依赖于：depend on/ rely on/ rest on/＊count on/ lean on/ reckon on/ bank on16、忽视：ignore/ overlook/ neglect/ pass over/＊turn a blind eye to/ disregard17、改变：change/vary/alter/transform/convert/＊modify/shift/ reorganize18、认出(辨别）：recognize/tell from/distinguish/＊spot/ pinpoint/differenciate19、伤害：damage/destroy/ weaken/＊devastate/ impair/ ruin/ spoil20、意识到：be aware of/realize/ recognize/＊be apprehensive of21、激发(唤起）：encourage/ motivate /stimulate/＊spur/trigger/intrigue/provoke/evoke22、完成：complete/ finish/＊fulfill/ achieve/accomplish/realize23、保留（保护资源）：keep/ hold/ preserve/ conserve/＊retain/reserve/safeguard24、组成/占据：comprise/ compose/ consist of/ be made up/ occupy/take up/ ＊account for/constitute高频名词1、个人：individuals/ people/folks/persons/＊characters/citizens/dwellers2、老年人：old people/ the old/the elderly/ the aged/＊advancing years/ senior citizens3、孩子/ 青少年：children/ kid/ teenager/ youngster/ youths/ ＊adolescents/juvenile4、影响：impact /influence/effect5、好处：advantages/strengths/ merits/＊the upside/ boons/the strong points6、坏处：disadvantages/ weaknesses/ demerits/＊the downside/banes/ the weak points/drawbacks/flaw7、原因：reason / factor/ cause＊whys/causation8、发展：development/ progress/ growth/＊advancement/ evolution/ innovation/prosperity/blossom9、能力：ability/ power/ skill＊capacity/ competence/talent10、多样性：diversity/ difference/ variety/＊range/ variation/ multiformity11、职业：job/ career/ employment/ vocation/ position /＊profession / occupation12、压力：stress/ burden/ pressure/＊tension/ strain/ stresses/ strains13、娱乐：enjoyment/entertainment/amusement/＊pastimes/recreation14、老师：teachers/educators/ lecturers/tutor＊instructors15、教育：education/schooling/＊family parenting / upbringing16、环境：environment/circumstance/＊surroundings/ atmosphere/ ambience17、社会（公众）：society/ public/ general public＊community / the masses高频形容词1、重要的：important/ significant/ vital/ key/ pivotal/＊critical/ crucial/ indispensable/ imperative/ salient/ paramount 2、积极的/好的：beneficial/ positive/＊favorable/profitable/ rewarding/aspiring/advantageous3、消极的/坏的：harmful/ negative/damaging/detrimental/＊destructive/devastating4、常见的/普遍的：usual/ common/regular/＊widespread/habitual/typical/universal/prevalent 5、充足的/丰富的：adequate/ abundant/ sufficient/ ＊ample/ affulent/ luxious/ lavish6、流行的：popular/ fashionable/ prevailing/＊prevalent/pervasive7、明显的：obvious/ apparent/ remarkable/＊manifest/crystal-clear/conspicuous8、现代的：modern/ current/ present /＊up-to-date/ contemporary/updated9、相似的：similar/ alike/＊resembling10、健康的：healthy/ fit＊robust/ sound/ wholesome11、有活力的：energetic/ vigorous/＊dynamic/ animated高频副词1、急剧地：dramatically/ sharply/ hugely/ markedly/＊drastically/enormously/substantially/significantly/considerably2、平稳地：steadily/ smoothly/＊marginally/gradually/moderately/mildly3、大约：about/ almost/ nearly/＊roughly/approximately4、毫无疑问地：doubtlessly/undoubtedly＊unquestionably/ beyond any shadow of the doubt高频短语1、大量的：a host of/ a vast number of / a vast amount of /a great deal of/＊an array of/ an army of/an ocean of/ a sea of/ a multitude of /a host of/ many..., if not most( many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that...)2、(在)当代：at present/ in contemporary society/ in this day and age/＊in present-day society/ in modern age3、事实上：actually/in fact/ in practice /as a matter of fact/ ＊virtually/in essence/in reality4、换言之：that is to say/in other words/to put it differently/ ＊to put it from another way/ to put it from another angle5、与…相比：compared with/in comparison with/＊by contrast/ on the contrary6、充满了：be filled with/ be full of /＊be inundate with/ be awash with/ be saturated with7、努力：struggle for / strive for /＊spare no efforts for/ aspaire after插入语1、indeed的确2、surely无疑3、obviously显然4、frankly坦率地说5、naturally自然6、luckily (或happily)for sb.算某人幸运，7、fortunately/luckily幸好8、honestly真的9、briefly简单地说10、in other words换句话说11、in a sense在某种意义上12、in general一般说来13、in my view在我看来14、in conclusion总之15、in summary概括地说16、in fact事实上17、in addition此外18、as a matter of fact事实上19、strictly speaking严格地说20、generally speaking一般地说21、judging from…根据……判断22、to be sure无疑23、to sum up概括地说24、to tell the truth老实说25、what is important (serious)重要(严重)的是26、in a few words(或in sum，in short)简而言之27、strange to say说也奇怪28、needles to say不用说29、most important of all最为重要的是30、worse still更糟糕的是31、to my knowledge据我所知二、高考作文常见错误盘点1、主谓不一致1)记尽可能多的新单词是每个英语学习者的愿望。
雅思写作常用同义词替换
大/多的: a great/enormous/tremendous (effort), an incredible/ tremendous amount of interest(devotion)持久的：continuous/persistent/sustained effort重要的：be essential/ important/indispensable/basic/vital to追求：aspire after(to), hunt for, desire for, seek, pursue, in pursuit of, push for, ward for, go after, run after, aim for, contrive to大多数：a (vast/overwhelming ) majority of, a sizable percentage of, a considerable proportion of 许多：a multitude/host of difficulties/problems, the bulk of time/work, the vast body of knowledge 学生：students, school leavers, graduates, boys and girls, college population, classmates教师：faculty, instructors, teachers, professors大学：Universities, colleges, campus, institutions孩子：children, offspring, sons and daughters, babies, infants, teenagers人类：man, humans, human beings, mankind, humanity工作：jobs, work, careers, employment, occupations, professions公司企业：business, company, venture, enterprise, cooperation, organization成就：achievement, accomplishment, success, be successful方法：strategies, techniques, ways, means, approaches, methods优点: merits, advantages, strengths缺点：faults, defects, shortcomings, weaknesses, disadvantages社会：society, realities, the outside world打工take a part-time job, work part-time获得成功：achieve/accomplish success, get somewhere使：make, leave sb. employed/paralyzed, render sth. impossible/ unable to, allow sb. to do sth.缺少：Lack/absence/shortage of足够：sufficient, adequate, enough努力：do one’s best, do everything possible, go to great lengths, spare no effort, make an effort, take pains重视强调：pay attention to, pay much heed to, attach/assign much importance to, place great emphasis/stress/value on, put a premium on过分强调：over-emphasize, overstress忽视: overlook, ignore, disregard, neglect迷惑，困惑：confuse, bewilder, perplex, baffle, puzzle实现梦想：fulfill/realize, dreams, dreams come true, turn dream into reality超越：go beyond, transcend表明、显示：show, demonstrate, display, indicate, suggest, reveal, exhibit能力：capacity, ability, competence, talent, potential, capable of, be able to越来越：be increasingly, be on the rise, the growing number of, the number is increasing处理：deal with, cope with, handle, tackle, treat, address,奋斗：struggle/fight/strive for难以区分：difficult to discriminate/differentiate between, draw distinction between, set/tell them apart人们普遍认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that/accepted that持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom, take traditional/opposite/ view发表看法：voice/express one’s opinion引起人们的注意：claim/call/attract general/public attention to sth.意识到：there is a growing awareness /realization of that/Awaken sb. to the fact/danger, come to realize把什么看做：see …as, think of…as…, view…as…, regard…as…, conceive of…as..., consider…as…, perceive…as…适应新的形势变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change导致造成：lead to/contribute to, cause, give rise to, be responsible for说到：when it comes to, as to, as for, when asked for, when asked about, as/so far as…is concerned接触：be exposed to new ideas/ experiences/problems, come into frequent/close contact with the world/society, keep in touch with提出观点，建议：advance/put forward/come up with arguments/ideas/suggestions灌输思想：indoctrinate ,imbue sb. with idea, inculcate sth. Our football coach has worked hard to inculcate a team spirit in/into the players.影响学习工作：interfere with studies/work, disturb rest对事件人生等造成影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on, influence, affect影响思想，态度，事件的形成：shape one’s thinking/attitude剥夺机会，权利：deprive/rob/strip oneself of the change/right/opportunity, be denied the chance 取代旧的方式:substitute for, take the place of, replace with, a substitute采取措施;take effective measures/ steps, take action控制我们的环境：take/gain control over, bring sth. under control躲避危险、挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenges满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage解释某现象：account for, explain, give an explanation to对什么很好的了解：have a better understanding, have a full appreciation of , have a new perspective on, have a good knowledge of, provide/gain an insight into把某因素考虑进去: take sth. into account(consideration), give much thought to品味人生，自由青春; savor the life/freedom/ youth培养对什么的信心: develop、foster one’s interest/confidence in经历变化，苦难，艰险：Undergo/experience great changes.hardships/experience表现出自信心:show/ project one’s confidence/feeling学习知识，技术：pursue/acquire knowledge, learn, study被看做学习的榜眼，be held up as an good example交流经验，知识share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge发挥起到重要作用play a(an ) important/active/great role/part逃学，逃课skip school/a class/ a meeting/ a lecture知识经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience确立追求目标：set/pursue a goal/ higher standard达到目标：achieve/accomplish/attain the goal/aim/objective克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulties增加：enjoy/experience the increase in, there is a big increase in, increase面临危险苦难：be confronted/faced with/ in the face of danger/ difficulty阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/ barrier to success/growth, hamper/impede/stunt the development of求得帮助：enlist one’s support/help缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf between city and country把成功（错误归于）：attribute/ owe/ascribe the success（failure）to对什么重要：be indispensable/important/vital to, what really counts/matters施加压力：put/exert an academic pressure on把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one’s attention/efforts/ thoughts upon/on提供、给予：Provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb. give, grant, offer抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity得到机会:enjoy/gain access to an opoortunity/information有可能;there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that/ chances/ the odds are that, stand a good chance of展开竞争：Compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of开展运动：conduct/carry on/undertake/initiate/launch/wage a (vigorous/nation wide/publicity/advertising) campaign （for/against）对我很有、没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me带来无穷的幸福，满足：be a source of happiness/satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a course/career很重要、不大重要：make much/a bit/little/no difference改变生活旅程：change/ alter the course of life建立在大量的学习实践上built on tremendous amount of study/practice进行调查，任务conduct/carry out a study /task/experiment辞去工作：leave/quit/give up one’s job/work, resign参加考试竞赛：enter (for) the examination/contest, race参加讨论活动：take part/participate/ be engaged in sports/activities/discussion进入大学，社会，家庭，劳力市场，职业enter a school/ a college/society/ the work force/ professionals实现自己的理想、愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one’s dream/hopes/wish/desire减轻压力，紧张；reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension提高社会地位，生活水平: raise/upgrade living standard, enhance/improve/upgrade social status, rise to the position of leadership提高技术能力; Sharpen/increase/improve/enhance/boost one’s skill/ability社会地位：social status/ social position/standing提高效率：increase/ boost efficiency加快发展：Accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/ fuel /boost/ promote the development/growth of 随着生活节奏加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/ tempo of modern life/society开阔眼界，兴趣：broaden one’s interest/outlook/mind, expand/broaden/enlarge one’s mental horizons有助于了解，解决：Contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of, go a long way to solving the problem迷恋，十分关心名利分数：be obsessed with/preoccupied with grades /fame/ fortune, score-obsessed, score-conscious把时间花，浪费在: spend /waste time doing sth., put in hours’ doing sth.占时间：take up much free time, occupy time利用机会，技术：make(full-better) use of opportunities, take advantage of/ cash in on opportunity/feeling/time, tap/harness technology/potential skills, draw on experience/.memories, capitalize on mistakes/ the situation把知识经验运用到: apply/ put the theory/knowledge/experience… to practice/daily life/ good use 浪费时间，钱: waste/ squander/lavish time/money/energy取得进步:make much progress/strides/ gains in充分发挥潜力，能力：develop one’s ability/ potential to the full, give full play to one’s ability, cultivate/nurture one’s ability充满激情，渴望: have a burning desire/ a great passion for/long for考虑深思：Consider, reflect, ponder, muse, contemplate不同：different, various, diverse, not the same, not similar, not identical, not equivalent难：difficult, not easy蠢：foolish, silly, stupid, not wise, unwise新的：new, different, changed, altered, not old, fresh烦恼的：annoying, irritating, troublesome结束：end, bring … to end, put… to an end需要：require, demand, call for, take, involve, entail Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money超过：excel, outdo, outperform, be adept at, do better than使什么成为不需要：make…unnecessary, do way with, eliminate the need of十类话题26道母题一教育类：1 Many people believe that the main aim for university education is to help graduates to find better jobs, while some people believe that university education has wider benefits for individuals and society . Discuss both views and give your opinion. 大学教工作技能还是理论知识，道德？2 Higher education can be funded by several ways such as the following:1. All costs paid by the government; 2. All costs paid by the students;3. All costs paid by the government loan which students have to pay back after graduation.Please discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of all these three theories above and decide which the best is. 大学学费谁来付3 Schools are no longer necessary, because children can get so much information available through Internet, and they can study just as well at home. What extent do you agree or disagree? 教育方式：因特网学习还是老师教学4 Some people think teachers have a greater influence than parents in the development of a child’s intelligence and social skills. Do you agree or disagree? 谁对孩子发展影响大二科技类：1 It is now possible to perform everyday tasks, such as bank transaction, shopping or even office works, without meeting people face to face. What are the effects it may have on individuals and the society as a whole? 科技对于人际关系的影响2 Many people believe that the increasing use of modern technology at work and in leisure is reducing people’s creativity. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 科技对人类创造力影响3 Food can be produced cheaper if we use improved fertilizers and better machinery. However some of methods may be dangerous for human health, and have negative effects for local communities. What is your opinion? 科技对于食物的影响三政府类：1Some people believe that national sports team should be financially supported by the government. Some other people think they should be funded by private resources such as corporations and individuals. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 政府还是私人投资2 Some people think the government should help citizens adopt healthy lifestyles while others think citizens should live in ways they live. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 政府决定还是个人决定3 Many countries have spent vast sum of money on self-defence. Some people think they should spend money helping the poverty and solving other problems rather than on weapons. To what extend do you agree or disagree？政府预算先考虑哪一块四环境：1 Some people believe that individuals can not improve environment, but only governments and big companies can make a difference. To what extend do you agree or disagree? 环境问题谁解决2 Some people believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and uses up the world's fuel resources. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 空旅对环境的影响3 Some people think it is acceptable to use the animals in any way for benfits of human beings, while others think it is not justifiable. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 人类利用动物五弱势群体：1 In many countries，the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend make positive or negative effects to society？社会老龄化2 Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. Do you agree or disagree? 男女平等问题3 Some people believe that time spent on television, video and computer games can be beneficial to children. Others believe this has negative effects on a child. Discuss both views and give your own ideas. 电视游戏对孩子的影响六媒体：1 Today, there are more images of disasters and violence in the media. What are the causes, influence and what solutions can you offer? 灾难暴力镜头2 Some people think the high sales of products reflect the power of advertising instead of the consumers' demand. To what extend do you agree? 广告的影响力七全球化：1 There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country's identity. What is your opinion?国家交往增加对国家特征影响2 Some people think that charity organizations should help people in greatest need of help, wherever they live. However, others think that they should help people in their own country. Discuss the two arguments and give your opinion？帮本国还是帮世界八犯罪：1 What are the causes of juvenile delinquency and what are your solutions?犯罪原因2 Sending criminals to the prison is not the best method of dealing with them. Education and job training are better ways to help them. Discuss the both views.如何处置犯罪分子九文化：1 Multi-cultured societies are mixtures of many ethnic groups. Some people think the advantages of multi-cultured societies outweigh the disadvantages. Do you agree or disagree? 多元文化利弊 2 Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain people. But others think the purpose of museums is to educate, not to entertain. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 博物馆的作用十社会观念：1 Many people are busy with work and do not have enough time to spend with family and friends. Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a whole?繁忙工作对于个人的影响2 Happiness is very important to individuals, but it is very hard to define. Why is happiness hard to define? What is your definition of happiness?决定快乐的因素。
考研英语写作常用表达同义替换
考研英语写作常用表达同义替换1. 动词（词组）：absorb－>assimilate 吸收agree partly－>agree with reserve 有保留地赞同arouse－>ignite/stimul ate/spur/motivate 引起；鼓励change－>alter 改变consider－>take into account 考虑devote to－>dedicate to 把……奉献于；专注于emphasize－>accentua te 强调expect－>anticipate 期望；预期explain－>interpret/illu strate 解释；说明get into chaos－>with chaos ensuing 陷入混乱hand in－>render 提出join－>participate 参加；参与lead to－>contribute t o/ conduce to/result i n 导致；产生……的结果limit－>stress/hinder/h amper 限制；阻止；阻碍operate－>manipulate 操作；操纵provide－>lend－>offe r 提供；给予publicize－>propagand ize 宣传；公布繁荣（的）（词性不同，注意使用正确形式）sway－>vacillate 影响；摇摆，使摇摆think－>contemplate/m use/meditate/retrospect 思考；考虑；想起thrive－>palmy(a.)/flou rishing(v./a.)/prosperity (n.)undermine－>sap/ener vate/debilitate 破坏；使衰弱，衰竭use－>employ/utilize 使用；利用want－>intend to/tend to/be inclined to 希望；倾向于want to－>desire 想要2. 形容词/副词：first－>primarily 首先（ad.）hardly－>merely－>ba rely 几乎不（ad.）hurt－>vulnerable 受伤的；易受攻击的inevitable－indispensa ble 必然的；不可缺少的in fact－>actually/virtu ally 事实上；实际上（ad.）key－>crucial/vital/con sequential 关键的；重要的large－>miraculous/ma rvelous 大的；不可思议的（表程度）maybe－>probably 也许；大概（ad.）more and more－>inc reasing/growing 越来越多的obvious－>conspicuou s 明显的；显著的old－>ancient 老的；古老的proper－>apposite 适当的；合适的persuasive－>thorough /sound/specific/convinc ing 有说服力的true－>accurate 正确的；准确的vague－>gratuitous/un warranted/oversimplifie d 模糊的well-known－>outstan ding 著名的3. 名词（词组）：bias－>prejudice/discri minate 偏见；歧视big city－>metropolis 大都市chance－>alternative 机会；选择character－>trait/indivi duality/idiosyncrasy/pe rsonality 品质；特性；个性child－>juvenile 孩子；青少年clash－>conflict/collisi on/rencounter 冲突custom－>convention/t radition 传统；习俗delegate－>representat ive 代表detail－>specific 细节lawmaking－>legislatio n 立法offspring－>descendan t 后代；子value－>merit 价值4. 其他：although－>albeit/notwithstanding 尽管（con j.）because－>in that－>since－>seeing 因为（co nj.）but－>nonetheless/nevertheless 然而；但是（c onj.）through－>in term of/via 通过（prep.）to sum－>to summarize/in conclusion 总之；最后1.随着经济的繁荣with the booming of the economy2.随着人民生活水平的显著提高with the re markable improvement of people's living stand ard3.先进的科学技术advanced science and te chnology4.为我们日常生活增添了情趣add much sp ice / flavor to our daily life5.人们普遍认为It is monly believed that…6.我同意前者(后者)观点I give my vote to the former / latter opinion.7.引起了广泛的公众关注Sth. has aroused wide public concern. / Sth has drawn great p ublic attention.8.不可否认It is undeniable that…9.热烈的讨论/争论a heated discussion / d ebate10.有争议性的问题a controversial issue11.就我而言/就个人而言As far as I am co ncerned, / Personally,12.有充分的理由支持be supported by sou nd reasons13.双方的论点argument on both sides14.发挥日益重要作用play an increasingly i mportant role in…15.对…必不可少be indispensable to …16.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:17.对……产生有利/不利的影响exert positi ve / negative effects on…18.利远远大于弊The advantages far outwei gh the disadvantages.19.导致，引起lead to / give rise to / cont ribute to / result in20.复杂的社会现象a plicated social pheno menon21.责任感/成就感sense of responsibility / achievement22.竞争与合作精神sense of petition and c ooperation23.开阔眼界widen one's horizon / broaden one's vision24.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills25.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychol ogical burden26.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into consideration27.从另一个角度from another perspective28.做出共同努力make joint efforts29.对……有益be beneficial to / be conduc ive to…30.为社会做贡献make contributions to the society31.打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation f or…32.综合素质prehensive quality33.致力于/投身于be mitted / devoted to…34.应当承认Admittedly,35.不可推卸的义务unshakable duty36.满足需求satisfy / meet the needs of...37.可靠的信息源a reliable source of infor mation38.宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resourc es39.因特网the Internet (一定要有冠词，字母I大写)40.方便快捷convenient and efficient41.在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life42.环保的材料environmentally friendly mate rials43.社会进步的体现a symbol of society pr ogress44.大大方便了人们的生活Sth. has greatly facilitated people's lives.45.对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue46.在一定程度上to some extent47.理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice48.……必然趋势an irresistible trend of…49.日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly ke en social petition50.眼前利益immediate interest/ short-term interest51.长远利益long-tem interest52.……有其自身的优缺点…has its own m erits and demerits / pros and cons53.对……有害do harm to / be harmful to / be detrimental to54.交流思想/情感/信息exchange ideas / e motions / information55.跟上…的最新发展keep pace with / kee p abreast with the latest development of…56.……的健康发展the healthy development of…57.重视attach great importance to…58.社会地位social status59.把时间和精力放在……上focus one's ti me and energy on…60.扩大知识面expand one's scope of know ledge61.身心两方面both physically and mentally62.有直接/间接关系be directly / indirectly related to…63.导致很多问题give rise to / lead to / s pell various problems64.可以替代think的词believe, claim, maint ain, argue, insist, hold the opinion / belief / view that65.缓解压力/减轻负担relieve stress / burd en66.优先考虑/发展……give (top) priority to sth.67.与……比较pared with…/ in parison wit h68.可降解的/可分解的材料degradable / de posable material69.代替replace / substitute / take the place of70.提供就业机会offer job opportunities71.反映了社会进步的mirror the social pro gress/advance72.增进相互了解enhance / promote mutual understanding73.充分利用make full use of / take advant age of74.承受更大的工作压力suffer from heavier work pressure75.保障社会稳定和繁荣guarantee the stabi lity and prosperity of our society76.更多地强调put more emphasis on…77.适应社会发展adapt oneself to the socia l development78.实现梦想realize one's dream79.主要理由列举如下The main / leading r easons are listed as follows:80.我们还有很长的路要走We still have a l ong way to go.下面给出写好一篇作文的注意事项： 1.适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观地反映事实。
英语写作常用同义词替换
英语写作常用同义词替换英语写作常用同义词替换提笔忘字，一个单词一篇文章重复不下十遍，就是不知道该怎么替换？各类词汇，多做储备；各类文章多做输入，何愁不会才思如泉涌？下面，李向老师给你整理了英语写作中常用的同义词替换，赶紧背起来！形容词贫穷的：poor 、 needy 、 impoverished 、poverty-stricken＝destitute富裕的：rich 、 wealthy 、 affluent 、well-to-do 、 well-off优秀的：excellent 、 eminent 、 top 、outstanding积极的，好的：good 、conducive 、beneficial、advantageous消极的，不良的：bad 、 detrimental、baneful 、undesirable明显的：obvious 、 apparent 、 evident 、manifest健康的: healthy 、 robust 、 sound 、wholesome惊人的：surprising 、amazing 、extraordinary 、 miraculous美丽的：beautiful 、attractive 、gorgeous 、 eye-catching有活力的：energetic 、dynamic 、vigorous 、animated流行的：popular 、prevailing 、prevalent、 pervasive普遍的：everywhere、widespread、prevalent、overflow、rampant好的：good、beneficial、advantageous有害的：harmful、Inhumane、detrimental、baneful富有的：rich、wealthy、affluent、well-off贫穷的：poor、impoverished、destitute、needy严重的：serious、severe明显的：obvious、manifest、apparent、evident便宜的：cheap、Economical、Inexpensive、cost－saving重要的：key、crucial、critical、important、significant、vital、substantial、 indispensable、 imperative 有害的：bad、 baneful evil、 harmful、detrimental急剧地：dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably 平稳地：steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly有益的：useful、 helpful、 beneficial、profitable、 rewarding， advantageous 明显的：clear、obvious、evident、self-evident、manifest、apparent、crystal-clear动词提高，加强：improve 、 enhance、 promote 、strengthen 、 optimize引起：cause 、 trigger 、 endanger解决：solve 、resolve 、address 、tackle 、cope with 、 deal with拆除：destroy 、 tear down 、 knock down 、eradicate培养：develop 、 cultivate 、 foster 、nurture激发，鼓励：encourage 、 motivate 、stimulate 、 spur认为： think 、 assert、 hold 、 claim 、argue完成：complete 、 fulfill 、 accomplish、achieve保留：keep 、 preserve 、 retain 、 hold 有害于：destroy 、 impair 、 undermine 、jeopardize减轻: ease 、 alleviate 、 relieve 、lighten提高：improve、promote、advance、enhance、boost改变：change、Transform、vary强调：emphasize、highlight、stress、address培养：develop、agriculture、cultivate、nurture破坏：break、impair、undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏jeopardize、devastate保存：keep、preserve、conserve 保护资源解决：deal with、tackle、address、resolve 需要：need、require、necessitate、call for 解决：solve、 deal with、 cope with、handle、 resolve、 address、 tackle 损害：damage、 hurt、 injure、 harm、impair、 undermine、 hamper、 jeopardize 给与：give、 offer、 render、 impart、provide、 supply、 afford培养：develop、 cultivate、 foster优势：advantage、merit、virtue、benefit、 upside、 strength缺陷：disadvantage、 demerit、 drawback、downside、 weakness使迷惑：puzzle、 bewilder、 perplex、baffle认为：think、 believe、 insist、 maintain、assert、 conclude、 deem、 hold、 argue、 be convinced、 be firmly convinced、 be fully convinced保护：protect、 conserve、 preserve确保：assure、 ensure、 guarantee、 pledge 要求：request、demand、needs、requisition消除：eliminate、 clear、 remove、 clear up、 take away、 smooth away导致：lead to、 bring about、 result in、cause、 spark off、 conduce to、 procure、induce、 generate因此：so、 therefore、 thus、 hence、consequently、as a consequence、accordingly、 as a result、 because of this、as a result of this增长至：grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to降低至：dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to保持稳定：level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out 宣称：allege、 assert、 declare、 claim 发生：happen、 occur、 take place原因：reason、 factor、 cause发展：development、 advance、 progress 影响：influence、 impact、 effect占：comprise、 take up、 account for、constitute、 consist of、 make up、 occupy、hold、 compose与…相比：compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to 对比而言：by contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary、，conversely展示：show、reveal、illustrate、demonstrate、 depict、 present、 represent、describe大约：approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly波动：fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation事实上：practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that换言之：namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle名词影响：influence、 impact危险：danger 、 perils 、hazard污染：pollution 、 contamination人类：human beings、 mankind 、 human race 老人：old people、the old 、the elderly 、 the aged 、 senior citizens 幸福：happiness 、cheerfulness 、well-being老师：teachers 、instructors 、educators 、 lecturers教育：education 、 schooling 、 family parenting 、 upbringing青少年：young people 、 youngsters 、youths 、 adolescents优点：advantage 、merits 、superiority 、 virtue责任： responsibility 、 obligation 、duty 、 liability能力： ability 、 capacity 、 power 、skill职业： job 、 career 、 employment 、profession娱乐：enjoyment 、pastimes 、recreation、 entertainment孩子：children 、offspring 、descendant、 kid祖先：forefather、ancestor、predecessor 不同：difference、gap、distinction犯罪：crime、delinquency、criminal act 环境：environment、circumstance、atmosphere、surrounding、ambience污染：pollution、contamination人类：human、the human race、humanity、humankind危险：danger、peril、hazard在当今社会：in modern society、in contemporary society In present-day society In this day and age短语充满了：be filled with 、 be awash with 、be inundate with 、 be saturated with 努力：struggle for 、 aspire after 、strive for 、 spare no efforts for从事： embark on 、 take up 、 set about 、go in for在当代： in contemporarysociety 、 in present-day society、 in this day and age 大量的：a host of 、 a multitude of 、 a vast number of 、 a vast amount of插入语indeed的确，surely无疑，however然而，obviously显然，frankly坦率地说，naturally自然，luckily (或happily)for sb算某人幸运，fortunately、luckily幸好，honestly真的，briefly简单地说、strange to say说也奇怪，needless to say不用说，most impor tant of all最为重要是，worse still更糟糕的是，in a few words(或in sum，in short)简而言之，in other words换句话说，in a sense在某种意义上，in general一般说来，in my view在我看来，in conclusion总之，in summary概括地说，in fact事实上，in the first place首先，in addition此外，of course当然，to my knowledge据我所知，for instance(或example)例如，as a matter of fact事实上、strictly speaking严格地说，generally speaking一般地说，judging from…根据……判断、to be sure无疑，to sum up概括地说，to tell the truth老实说、I am sure我可以肯定地说，I believe我相信，I wonder我不知道，that is也就是说，it seems看来是，as I see it照我看来，what is important (serious)重要(严重)的是★其它individuals、characters、folks替换people 、personspositive、 favorable、 rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的) perfect、 pleasurable、excellent、 outstanding、 superior替换good dreadful、 unfavorable、 poor、 adverse、ill (有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语，可以be less impressive替换EgAn army of college students indulge themselves in playing games、enjoying romance with girls、boys or killing time passively in their dorms When it approaches to graduation 、as a result、 they find their academic records are less impressive(an army of、 an ocean of、 a sea of、 a multitude of 、a host of、 many、 if not most)替换many注：用many、 if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
申论作文素材替代词汇
申论作文素材替代词汇
申论作文素材替代词汇如下：
1. 替代－代替、取代、更换、替换、代理、替补
2. 素材－材料、资料、信息、内容、素材库、素材来源
3. 标题－题目、名目、头衔、字号、命名、标题栏
4. 相同－类似、一致、相似、相符、相匹配、相等
5. 文字－字词、表述、文字表达、语言、句子、短语
6. 文中－正文、文章、段落、内容、篇章、故事
7. 不要－避免、不应、勿、无需、禁止、忌用
8. 不能－不可、不允许、禁止、无法、不得、难以
9. 有－包含、具有、拥有、含有、存在、表现
10. 相同的－一样的、相似的、类似的、相等的、一致的、同样的
请注意使用这些词汇要在适当的语境下使用，以保持句子的流畅和准确性。
写作常用高级替换词
写作常用高级替换词重要的important [im'pɔːt(ə)nt] vital ['vait(ə)l] vital importance. She had found out some information of 她已经发现了一些至关重要的信息crucial['kruːʃ(ə)l] It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately. 立即着手解决这个问题是至关重要的。
prominent ['prɒminminəənt] This considerable increase in investment played a prominent role in fueling economic growth. 投资的较大幅度增加,对拉动经济增长发挥了明显作用。
cardinal ['kɑːd(i)n(i)n(əə)l] Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law. 尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则。
优秀的good [gʊd] excellent ['eks(ə)l()l(əə)nt] excellent short stories. She has always had a high reputation for her 她一直因其优秀的短篇小说享有很高的声望。
outstanding [aʊt'stæt'stændindiŋŋ] ndioutstanding. The girl who won the scholarship was quite 得奖学金的女孩是相当优秀的。
extraordinary [ikˈstrdnri] strɔːɔːɔːdnri] Her strength of will was extraordinary. 她的意志力是非凡的. remarkable [ri'mɑːkəb(b(əə)l] The economic diplomacy of China is characterized by distinctive features and remarkable achievements. 中国的经济外交具有鲜明的特点和卓越的成就. 有趣的 interesting ['int(ə)risti ŋ] amusing [ə'mjuːz i ŋ] Do not hesitate to laugh at anything you find amusing . 只要觉得好笑就尽管笑。
英语写作常用同义词替换
英语写作常用同义词替换100个１、peｏple=indiviｄuals人们（Tｈose who）ﻫ2、 manｙ people=ａｍajorｉty of people 大多数人ﻫ3、 a lot of=a grｅat deａl of=ｐleｎt y of 很多（修饰不可数名词)ﻫ4、 a ｇｒｅat ｎumber of＝a large qｕａnｔity oｆ=conｓideraｂｌｅ amount of很多（可数名词)5、ｐｌentiful=aｂunｄanｔ丰富得，大量得6、ｅｘpensive=priｃｙ贵得ﻫ7、 thing=itｅｍ东西，物品ﻫ８、 hum aｎs=ｈuman ｂｅinｇs=huｍａn ｒace 人类9、 benefit＝coｎｄｕce to=help=cｏｎtribｕte to 有助于（动词)10、haｒm＝damａｇe=eｎｄanｇer=undｅrmine 危害（动词）ﻫ1１、bene ｆｉcial=ｈelpful=coｎdｕcive（rewarding）有好处得(形容词)12、 hａrmfｕｌ=ｄetｒiｍｅntａｌ=damａginｇ有害得（形容词)１3、 educatioｎ=ｓchoｏling 教育ﻫ14、 tｈiｎk=ｂelieｖe=ｈｏlｄ认为16、suｐpｏrt=bｅｉn ﻫ15、ｏppose=objｅct to＝be agａinｓt 反对ﻫfaｖor of=be fｏr 支持ﻫ1７、ａs for ｍe=aｓｆａr as I ａm cｏncer ned 对我来说1８、 in my opinioｎ=from my persｐecｔiｖe=in mｙ viewｐoｉｎt=per sonaｌly 我得观点就是ﻫ19、 as …deｖｅlops=wiｔh the deｖｅloｐment of、、、=ｗitｈ the progｒess ｏf…=aｓ…ａdvances随着…得发展(注意什么时候用动词,什么时候用名词）ﻫ2０、ｑｕiｃkly=rａpｉdly=ａt an amazi ｎg ratｅ＝ａt aｎstａｇgeｒinｇ rate 很快（副词）ﻫ２1、ｉｎ aｄditioｎ=bｅｓides=ｆurｔhermorｅ=ｍoreｏveｒ此外(提出新信息)22、 becaｕｓｅ=as=for=ｓｉｎce 因为(加句子)23、 becａuｓe of=due to=owinｇ to 因为(加名词)25、 s 24、ｒeasoｎs=ｆａｃｔoｒs 原因 (名词)前面可以与（ｆor）搭配ﻫo=ｔhuｓ=ａs ａ result=ｔheｒｅforｅ=consｅqｕently=aｃcｏrdiｎgｌｙ因此２6、however=neｖertｈｅｌｅｓｓ然而27、 first＝ｉn the firｓt plaｃe 第一２8、ｏn ｔhe one hand=in oｎe ａsｐecｔ另外一方面ﻫ29、 iｎ vieｗｏf=ｃoｎｓidering＝in tｈe rｅspect of=in lｉght of 考虑到(介词短30、replaｃe=ｓubstitｕte 取代（动词）语，加名词后加逗号)ﻫ3１、ｌike=enjoy=ｂe ｆond of=be fascinated wｉｔh=pｒｅfｅr 喜欢（注意词性）３2、plｅａｓurｅ=eｎjoyment 欢乐,享受（名词）33、 hate＝disｌike不喜欢=be fｅd uｐ wｉth=bｅ boｒed witｈ厌烦ﻫ３４、 moｎoｔｏnｏｕs=dull ａnｄ boring＝tediouｓ无聊得，枯燥得35、 pｌeａsaｎt=ｅnjoyａｂle 令人愉快得，享受得36、fast＝eｆficｉｅnｔ（ｅfｆicｉentｌy）快捷得，效率高得ﻫ3７、38、ｄisadvaｎtaｇe=de aｄvantaｇe=ｍｅriｔ＝ｓtrｅngth=pｒos 优点ﻫｍｅrｉt=weａｋｎeｓｓ=ｃons=drawｂａck 缺点３9、 iｆ=ｏｎ cｏnｄition ｔｈat＝unｄeｒ the cｉrcｕmｓｔａnce th40、ａｓ loｎg as=provｉdeｄｔhat…只要ａt 如果，在。
英文写作常用的30个高级词替换
1.individuals,characters, folks 替换people ,persons2.positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good3.dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的) 替换 bad如果bad做表语，可以用 be less impressive 替换eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most 替换many注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
5.a slice of, quiet a few , several 替换some6.harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换think (因为是书面语，所以要加that)7.affair ,business ,matter 替换 thing8.shared 替换common9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits10.for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion11.Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式,所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词时，副词用increasingly)12.little if anything, little or nothing 替换hardly13.beneficial, rewarding 替换helpful14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser 替换customer15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable 替换unnecessary, avoidable17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb takeinterest in / sb. be interested in18.capture one's attention 替换attract one's attention19.facet,demension,sphere 替换aspect20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of 替换indicate, suggest ,fear21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause22.There are several reasons behind sth 替换reasons for sth23.desire 替换want24.pour attention into 替换pay attention to25.bear in mind that 替换 remember26.enjoy, possess 替换have (注意process是过程的意思)27.interaction 替换 communication28.frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth29.to name only a few, as an example 替换for example, for instance30.next to / virtually impossible 替换nearly,almost impossible。
雅思写作常用同义词替换
写作常用同义词动词解决(及物动词)tackle, address, resolve, combat破坏(及物动词)undermine, jeopardize, devastate(最后一个与其最强)影响(名词)impact, repercussions, ramifications, implications从事(及物动词)carry out, conduct, perform, go about增进enhance 代替improve保护preserve 代替protect污染contamination 代替pollution 需要（及物动词）require, necessitate, call for忽视，忽略neglect=ignore追求pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek责备，谴责blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)认为think, believe, hold, deem, maintain, argue, assert, declare, advocate, claim, be convinced that, insist，contend, sate ,评估，评价assess, evaluate, measure, appraise, estimate买buy, purchase培养cultivate, foster, nurture, promote, enhance, boost, shape, form, optimize, motivate, develop, strength 鼓励，刺激encourage, embolden, hearten, inspire, stimulate, spur坚持stick, adhere, cling建立build, erect, establish, set =erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish忽视，忽略neglect, ignore, overlook保证，确保assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge改变change, alter, modify, convert into, transform引起，导致cause, trigger, give rise to, bring about, result in, lead to, contribute to获得acquire, obtain, attain, gain保护，保存conserve, preserve侮辱insult, humiliate (do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)否认deny, negatecomplain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)表达express, voice, utter, pronounce追求purse, seek ,woo供应supply, provide, offer, afford丰富，扩大enrich, expand, broaden, widen, deepen处理solve, combat, tackle, resolve, address, deal with, cope with禁止ban, forbid, prohibit, prevent发生happen, occur, take place取得accomplish, achieve, complete, finish, fulfill减轻relieve, alleviate, ease, =alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe) 减少decrease, lessen, diminish, reduce, abate, dwindle保持keep, retain, remain, withhold, reserve,忍受bear, stand, suffer, endure, abide, tolerate恶化worsen, deteriorate, aggravate破坏，损坏endanger, destroy, impair, undermine, jeopardize迫使force, coerce, compel force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel断言assert, declare, affirm, protest, avow, allege支持favor, be for, approve of, side with, stand on the side of, consent to, vote for不同意state the objection to, disapprove, vote against, be against破坏destroy, eradicate, knock down, tear down疑惑puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle归咎于attribute, ascribe, credit, impute关注，首要任务pay attention to, give priority to, attach importance to, put in the first place, place stress in, give weight to大力干，奋斗struggle for, strive for, spare no effort to, aspire after，make a great effort to do充满be filled with, teemed with从事go in for, embark on, set about, take up, engage in扩大enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)赞扬praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)显示show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.)大的big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)避免avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)攻击attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently不喜欢dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!破坏，废墟ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)总是always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)4惊讶surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(thesame as astound)热情enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)#担心worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)停止stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)基于based on=derived from (can see or notice them very easily)出现appear=emerge(come into existence)整个whole=entire(the whole of something)8满足satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure andsatisfaction)迷惑puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/herbecause he/she does not understand it)装饰decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive viadecorating it with something else)/名词人类the human race, humanity, man, humankind ，human beings, mankind,在当代in contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age，at present, currently, nowadays, recently, these years好处－坏处benefits, blessings,boons—banes,pros—cons,advantages—disadvantages, merit—demerit顶部、高峰top=peak, summit对手competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)观点opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) view 名声，名誉fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation，eminence老人the old, the elderly, the retired, senior citizen, old people城市居民people living in cities, city residents, urban dwellers，local inhabitants孩子children, infant, kid年轻人the young ,young people, youngster, youths, adolescents工作，职业job, career, employment, profession, occupation优点，好处advantage, merit, strength, pro, positive aspect, favorable aspect, boon, superiority, virtue 缺点，坏处disadvantage, demerit, weakness, drawback, con negative aspect, unfavorable aspect, bane 责任，任务duty, responsibility, obligation, liability幸福happiness, cheerfulness, well-being娱乐entertainment, enjoyment, recreation, pastime因素、原因reason, factor, cause发展development, advance, progress能力ability, capability, aptitude, capacity, power, skill教育education, schooling, family parenting, upbringing老师，导师teacher, instructor, educator, lecturer成本、花费cost, expense, expenditure影响influence, effect, impact, repercussion, implication坏处，危险peril, hazard, danger污染pollution, contamination结果result=consequence(the results or effects of something)尊敬respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)形容词明显的dramatic, substantial, considerable, significant, enormous, drastic, market有害的harmful, detrimental, pernicious, adverse, baneful, evil, bad有好处的conducive, beneficial, helpful, advantageous, profitable, rewarding丰富的abundant, copious, profuse, ample, plentiful普遍的，随处可见的common, universal, ubiquitous贫穷的impoverished 代替poor明显的(形容词)manifest, apparent, evident, obvious无处不在的prevalent, pervasive大量的a host of, a multitude of, a vast number of (后面跟可数名词复数) a great deal of, a vast amount of(后面跟不可数名词单数) a host of, a great/vast number of, numerous，a great deal of, a great amount of, plenty of富裕的affluent/wealthy prosperous, wealthy, 代替rich重要的important =crucial (extremely important),significant，key, crucial, critical, vital, essential, important, primary, fundamental, radical普遍的common=universal, ubiquitous丰富的abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful准确的accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) accurate, precise, exact模糊的vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)基本的，主要的primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental公平的fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.) 永远的forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)安静的quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!昂贵的expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)奢侈的luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive无聊的boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)冷cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)热hot=boiling(very hot)危险的dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)/ {唯一的only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;明显的obvious=apparent, manifest潮湿的wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!错误的wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)困难的difficult=formidable小心的，仔细的careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful andsensible)奇怪的strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, orhis/her opinion is different from most people)怀疑的dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)吸引人的attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds ofthings)混乱disorder=disarray, chaos普通的ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)最好的best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/不可思议的unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen.著名的famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)古老的ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)可能的possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)so=consequently, accordingly罕见的rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often贪婪的greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。
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57. fund=subsidize 资助（动词）
58. poor=impoverished贫穷的=sb./sth with a tight budget 缺钱的（形容人）
59. underdeveloped=backward area 落后的（形容地区）
60. waste=lavish 浪费（动词）
77. speed up=accelerate 加速，使…迅速发展（动词）
78. fund-capital 资本（名词） ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
79. buy-purchase 购买（动词）
80. get rid of=do away with=eliminate消除（动词）
20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副词）
21. in addition=besides=furthermore=moreover 此外（提出新信息）
22. because=as=for=since 因为（加句子）
18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=personally 我的观点是
19. as …develops=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…advances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词）
73. necessary=essential=indispensable 必要的，必不可少的
74. more and more=increasingly修饰动词
75. more and more=an increasing number of…修饰名词
76. better than=superior to 比…好（形容词）
10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词）
11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding) 有好处的（形容词）
12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词）
66. likely=similarly 同样地(用于比较)
67. in the other hand另外一方面=by contrast与之对比=on the contrary相反的（用于对比）
68. change=reshape 改变，重新塑造（动词）
69. decrease=decline 减少（动词）
61. trendy=stylish 时髦的（形容词）
62. fashion= vogue= trend时尚
63. houses=shelters 房子，住所
64. tax=revenue 税收，第二个指国税
65. income=earnings 收入（注意何时加s）
30. replace=substitute 取代（动词）
31. like=enjoy=be fond of=be fascinated with=prefer 喜欢（注意词性）
32. pleasure=enjoyment 欢乐，享受（名词）
33. hate=dislike不喜欢=be fed up with=be bored with 厌烦
81. a lot, very much , greatly=considerably, significantly, dramatically (修饰动词)
82. relatively=comparatively 相对地，比较而言地
83. suggestion=proposal 提议
38. disadvantage=demerit=weakness=cons=drawback 缺点
39. if=on condition that=under the circumstance that 如果，在。。。情况下
40. as long as=provided that…只要
92. be different不同的=vary=differ不一样（动词）
93. serious=severe 严重的（形容词）
94. method=approach 方法
95. way of…=means of…方式
96. financial=economic 经济的
2. many people=a majority of people 大多数人
3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词）
4. a great number of=a large quantity of=considerable amount of很多（可数名词）
84. propose=advocate 提议，提倡（动词）
85. controversial…=….in dispute 争议性的（注意词的位置）
86. trend=tendency 趋势
87. worry=concern 担忧，令人担忧（既是动词也是名词）
34. monotonous=dull and boring=tedious 无聊的，枯燥的
35. pleasant=enjoyable 令人愉快的，享受的
36. fast=efficient(efficiently) 快捷的，效率高的
37. advantage=merit=strength=pros 优点
26. however=nevertheless然而
27. first=in the first place 第一
28. on the one hand=in one aspect另外一方面
29. in view of=considering=in the respect of=in light of 考虑到（介词短语，加名词后加逗号）
88. family=household 家庭
89. solve=tackle 解决（动词）
90. carry out=implement 实施（动词）
91. many=a wide range of=a diversity of各种各样的（表示种类繁多）
48. age=time=era 时代
49. improve=enhance 改进，提高（动词）
50. ease=relieve=alleviate 减轻（动词）
51. develop=cultivate=foster 开发， 培养（动词）
52. offer=provide=supply 提供（动词）
97. numerous=countless 数不清的
98. surprising=staggering 令人惊讶的
99. cheap=inexpensive 便宜的
45. speaking of=talking about=when it comes to…谈到…的时候（短语，后加逗号）
46. in summary=to sum up=to conclude=in the final analysis 总而言之（后加逗号）
47. expense=spending 花费（名词，第一个可数，第二个不可数）
70. increase=grow=rise=soar 增长(只能在前面加主语)
71. drop=fall =decrease=decline下降(只能在前面加主语)
72. important=significant=crucial=of importance=vital 重要的
53. chance=opportunity 机会，opp指“好的机会”
54. lead to=cause=give rise to=result in导致（动词）
55. lack=be short of缺少（动词）
56. shortage=scarcity 短缺（名词）
41. influence=affect 影响（动词）
42. effect=influence=impact 影响，冲击（名词）
43. favorable=good 有利的，好的
44. negative=unfavorable=bad 不好的，负面的
编辑 | 删除 | 权限设置 | 更多▼ 更多▲ 设置置顶 推荐日志 转为私密日志 转载自 天荒、地已老 转载于2010年04月12日 21:45 阅读(1) 评论(0)
分类： 天下杂侃 权限: 公开
1. people=individuals 人们 (Those who)
13. education=schooling 教育
14. think=believe=hold 认为
15. oppose=object to=be against 反对
16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持
17. as for me=as far as I am concerned 对我来说
23. because of=due to=owing to 因为（加名词）
24. reasons=factors 原因 （名词）前面可以与(for)搭配
25. so=thus=as a result=therefore=consequently=accordingly 因此
5. plentiful-abundant 丰富的，大量的
6. expensive=pricy 贵的
7. thing=item 东西，物品
8. humans=human beings=human race 人类