外文翻译文献综述-精选文档
文献综述及外文翻译
关于钢铁制造企业的物料控制研究参考文献综述学号408417011320，姓名党杨前言：依美国生产及库存管理学会(American Production and Inventory Control Sociery,APICS)的定义，物料（Materials）是指制造产品或提供服务时所需直接或间接投入的物料。
物料一词所涉及的范围相当广泛，除企业生产过程中所需直接投入的物料外，还涉及所需间接投入的物料。
而物料控制简称物控，是指对企业生产经营活动所需各种物料的储存、请购与采购、收发、保管与搬运等业务活动进行的计划、实施及控制。
随着全球经济一体化进程的加快，制造企业正面临市场预测不准、计划多变、物料控制难度大、物流成本居高不下等严峻问题。
如何建立高效的物料控制运作体系，提高物料控制对生产与销售计划变动的适应性和快速反应能力；如何有效控制物料消耗，控制物料库存和在制品占用；如何强化采购业务管理，提升物料跟催力敌，确保物料供应；如何根据ISO9000和TS16949国际质量认证要求，实行物料从入库接收、储存保管到出库、配送全过程规范管理等，已成为制造企业降低物流成本、提升对市场需求快速反应能力的关键。
从查找的文献来看，我们了解到目前针对物料控制的研究越来越多，解决方法也各不相同，本文从近几年我国学者研究物料控制以及成本计划的相关文献20余篇中选择了其中的10篇，来说明我国物料管理的一些现实问题和发展方向。
在研读文献之后，笔者可以获知目前国内学者对物料控制的研究主要有以下三个方向：1.面向订单的物料控制；2.面向供应链的物料控制；3.面向物料清单管理的物料控制。
正文：物料控制的研究早在18世纪70年代的英国就已经初现雏形。
傅和彦的《现代物料管理》指出，自工业革命开始后，工厂制度逐渐形成。
物料的采购、储存、存量管制、加工及呆废料的处理问题等处处影响工厂经营的绩效与盈亏，物料控制因而逐渐引起普遍的重视，18世纪70年代单边检验的应用及双边检验的出现，开创了物品品质检验的里程碑。
文献综述英文参考文献
文献综述英文参考文献When delving into the realm of scholarly research, it's crucial to recognize the value of a comprehensiveliterature review. References, particularly in English,offer a window into the global dialogue surrounding a topic. Here are a few examples of English references for aliterature review, keeping in mind the need for variety in expression and avoiding formal transitions.One noteworthy study conducted by Smith and Johnson examined the impact of digital media on youth culture. They argue that social media platforms have revolutionized how young people communicate and form identities. Theirfindings provide valuable insights into the modern landscape of youth engagement.In a different vein, Brown's analysis of environmental policy focuses on the role of science in shaping policy decisions. She argues that while scientific data is crucial, political agendas and public opinion often play a largerrole in determining environmental outcomes. Her work highlights the complexity of environmental policymaking.On the topic of education, Davis explores the challenges faced by rural schools in providing quality education. He notes the lack of resources and limited access to technology as major obstacles. Davis's insights offer a unique perspective on the disparities in education across geographic regions.Moving to the realm of healthcare, Thompson's study focuses on the impact of mental health on overall well-being. She argues that mental illnesses are often overlooked, despite their significant impact onindividuals' daily lives. Thompson's work sheds light on the need for greater awareness and support for mental health issues.Lastly, Lee's investigation into the history of feminism provides.。
英语笔译文献综述
英语笔译文献综述Here is an essay on the topic of "A Literature Review on English-Chinese Translation" with over 1000 words, written in English without any additional punctuation marks in the body of the text.The field of English-Chinese translation has been a subject of extensive research and study for decades. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the demand for accurate and effective translation services has grown significantly. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the current state of research in this field, highlighting key themes, methodologies, and areas for further exploration.One of the primary focuses in English-Chinese translation research has been on the linguistic and cultural challenges inherent in the process. Scholars have examined the differences in grammatical structures, idioms, and cultural references between the two languages, and how these disparities can impact the quality and accuracy of translations. Studies have explored strategies for navigating these challenges, such as the use of machine translation, the role of human translators, and the importance of cultural awareness and adaptation.Another area of research has been the impact of technological advancements on the translation industry. The rise of machine translation, computer-assisted translation tools, and cloud-based platforms has transformed the way translation services are delivered. Researchers have investigated the strengths and limitations of these technologies, as well as the implications for the role of human translators in the future. Additionally, studies have examined the ethical considerations surrounding the use of artificial intelligence in translation, such as issues of data privacy, bias, and the potential displacement of human workers.The quality and evaluation of English-Chinese translations have also been the subject of extensive research. Scholars have developed frameworks and methodologies for assessing the accuracy, fluency, and overall effectiveness of translations, taking into account factors such as linguistic equivalence, cultural appropriateness, and the intended purpose of the translation. These evaluation methods have been applied to a wide range of translation contexts, including literary works, technical documents, and business communications.Another area of focus in the field of English-Chinese translation is the training and professional development of translators. Researchers have explored the skills, knowledge, and competencies required for effective translation, and have investigated the bestpractices for educating and training translators. This includes the use of translation-specific curricula, the integration of technology into the learning process, and the importance of ongoing professional development and certification.In addition to these core areas of research, scholars have also examined the role of English-Chinese translation in various domains, such as international business, education, and healthcare. These studies have explored the unique challenges and considerations that arise in these specialized contexts, and have provided insights into the strategies and approaches that can lead to successful translations.Despite the significant progress that has been made in the field of English-Chinese translation, there are still many areas that require further research and exploration. For example, the impact of globalization and the increasing use of English as a lingua franca on translation practices is an emerging area of interest. Additionally, the ethical implications of translation, such as the potential for misrepresentation or the perpetuation of cultural biases, warrant deeper examination.Furthermore, the field of English-Chinese translation would benefit from more interdisciplinary collaboration, drawing on insights from fields such as linguistics, cognitive science, and cultural studies. By fostering a more holistic and multifaceted approach to translationresearch, scholars can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities and nuances involved in the process.In conclusion, the field of English-Chinese translation has been the subject of extensive research and study, yielding valuable insights into the linguistic, cultural, and technological challenges involved in the translation process. As the demand for translation services continues to grow, it is crucial that researchers and practitioners work together to advance the field, develop innovative solutions, and ensure the highest quality of translation services. By doing so, they can contribute to greater cross-cultural understanding and effective communication in an increasingly globalized world.。
文献综述英文作文
文献综述英文作文1. The study by Smith et al. (2018) focused on the impact of social media on mental health among teenagers. The findings revealed a significant correlation between excessive social media use and symptoms of anxiety and depression.2. In a different study conducted by Johnson and Brown (2017), the researchers explored the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in older adults. The results indicated that regular exercise was associated with improved memory and cognitive abilities.3. A recent meta-analysis by Lee and Kim (2019) examined the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for reducing stress and anxiety. The analysis found that mindfulness practices were effective in reducing symptoms of stress and anxiety across various populations.4. The research by Garcia et al. (2020) investigatedthe impact of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance. The study demonstrated that sleep deprivation led to impairments in attention, memory, and decision-making abilities.5. Another study by Patel and Jones (2016) explored the role of nutrition in mental health. The findings suggested that a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids was associated with lower rates of depression and anxiety.6. The review by Wang and Li (2018) examined the prevalence of smartphone addiction among college students. The review highlighted the negative consequences of excessive smartphone use, including decreased academic performance and social isolation.7. A study by Chang et al. (2019) investigated the relationship between social support and resilience in individuals facing adversity. The findings indicated that strong social support networks were associated with higher levels of resilience and psychological well-being.8. The research by Taylor and Smith (2017) explored the impact of music therapy on individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The study found that music therapy interventions were effective in improving social skills, communication, and emotional regulation in individuals with autism.。
3000字外文文献翻译
Human resource management more and more drives value. Under the system that economy development mature, human resource management have to match with fight for the best resources performance, if out of character of the manpower form couples out of character of post, the resources performance be not only whole have no, or may have already exhaust. The modern economy stress balance and match, promote management effect and quality vegetable, will human resource match with make balance, the inside contents establish human resource structure frame, use most in keeping with of the person do most in keeping with of work. Establishment human resource terrace is a communication and collection information way, everyone's opinion comprehensive, give up short take long, with processing salary, welfare etc. affair. Human resource most the importance be a training and development, human resource development have to investment at training aspect, with exertive each stratum of human resource potential.人力资源管理愈来愈被重视。
文献综述及外文文献翻译
⽂献综述及外⽂⽂献翻译华中科技⼤学⽂华学院毕业设计（论⽂）外⽂⽂献翻译（本科学⽣⽤）题⽬：Plc based control system for the music fountain 学⽣姓名：_周训⽅___学号：060108011117 学部（系）: 信息学部专业年级: _06⾃动化（1）班_指导教师：张晓丹___职称或学位：助教__20 年⽉⽇外⽂⽂献翻译（译成中⽂1000字左右）：【主要阅读⽂献不少于5篇，译⽂后附注⽂献信息，包括：作者、书名（或论⽂题⽬）、出版社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。
提供所译外⽂资料附件（印刷类含封⾯、封底、⽬录、翻译部分的复印件等，⽹站类的请附⽹址及原⽂】英⽂节选原⽂：Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of a PLC controller. CPU itself is usually one of the microcontrollers. Aforetime these were 8-bit microcontrollers such as 8051, and now these are 16-and 32-bit microcontrollers. Unspoken rule is that you’ll find mostly Hitachi and Fujicu microcontrollers in PLC controllers by Japanese makers, Siemens in European controllers, and Motorola microcontrollers in American ones. CPU also takes care of communication, interconnectedness among other parts of PLC controllers, program execution, memory operation, overseeing input and setting up of an output. PLC controllers have complex routines for memory checkup in order to ensure that PLC memory was not damaged (memory checkup is done for safety reasons).Generally speaking, CPU unit makes a great number of check-ups of the PLC controller itself so eventual errors would be discovered early. You can simply look at any PLC controller and see that there are several indicators in the form. of light diodes for error signalization.System memory (today mostly implemented in FLASH technology) is used by a PLC for a process control system. Aside form. this operating system it also contains a user program translated forma ladder diagram to a binary form. FLASH memory contents can be changed only in case where user program is being changed. PLC controllers were used earlier instead of PLASH memory and have had EPROM memory instead of FLASH memory which had to be erased with UV lamp and programmed on programmers. With the use of FLASH technology this process was greatly shortened. Reprogramming a program memory is done through a serial cable in a program for application development.User memory is divided into blocks having special functions. Some parts of a memory are used for storing input and output status. The real status of an input is stored either as “1”or as “0”in a specific memory bit/ each input or output has one corresponding b it in memory. Other parts of memory are used to store variable contents for variables used in used program. For example, time value, or counter value would be stored in this part of the memory.PLC controller can be reprogrammed through a computer (usual way), but also through manual programmers (consoles). This practically means that each PLC controller can programmed through a computer if you have the software needed for programming. Today’s transmission computers are ideal for reprogramming a PLC cont roller in factory itself. This is of great importance to industry. Once the system is corrected, it is also important to read the right program into a PLC again. It is also good to check from time to time whether program in a PLC has not changed. This helps to avoid hazardous situations in factory rooms (some automakers have established communication networks which regularly check programs in PLC controllers to ensure execution only of good programs). Almost every program for programming a PLC controller possesses various useful options such as: forced switching on and off of the system input/outputs (I/O lines),program follow up in real time as well as documenting a diagram. This documenting is necessary to understand and define failures and malfunctions. Programmer can add remarks, names of input or output devices, and comments that can be useful when finding errors, or with system maintenance. Adding comments and remarks enables any technician (and not just a person who developed the system) to understand a ladder diagram right away. Comments and remarks can even quote precisely part numbers if replacements would be needed. This would speed up a repair of any problems that come up due to bad parts. The old way was such that a person who developed a system had protection on the program, so nobody aside from this person could understand how it was done. Correctly documented ladder diagram allows any technician to understand thoroughly how system functions.Electrical supply is used in bringing electrical energy to central processing unit. Most PLC controllers work either at 24 VDC or 220 VAC. On some PLC controllers you’ll find electrical supply as a separate module. Those are usually bigger PLC controllers, while small and medium series already contain the supply module. User has to determine how much current to take from I/O module to ensure that electrical supply provides appropriate amount of current. Different types of modules use different amounts of electrical current. This electrical supply is usually not used to start external input or output. User has to provide separate supplies in starting PLC controller inputs because then you can ensure so called “pure” supply for the PLC controller. With pure supply we mean supply where industrial environment can not affect it damagingly. Some of the smaller PLC controllers supply their inputs with voltage from a small supply source already incorporated into a PLC.中⽂翻译：从结构上分，PLC分为固定式和组合式（模块式）两种。
外文翻译与文献综述模板格式以及要求说明
外文翻译与文献综述模板格式以及要求说明
外文中文翻译格式：
标题：将外文标题翻译成中文，可以在括号内标明外文标题
摘要：将外文摘要翻译成中文，包括问题陈述、研究目的、方法、结果和结论等内容。
关键词：将外文关键词翻译成中文。
引言：对外文论文引言进行翻译，概述问题的背景、重要性和研究现状。
方法：对外文论文方法部分进行翻译，包括研究设计、数据采集和分析方法等。
结果：对外文论文结果部分进行翻译，介绍研究结果和统计分析等内容。
讨论：对外文论文讨论部分进行翻译，对研究结果进行解释和评价。
结论：对外文论文结论部分进行翻译，总结研究的主要发现和意义。
附录：如果外文论文有附录部分，需要进行翻译并按照指定的格式进行排列。
文献综述模板格式：
标题：文献综述标题
引言：对文献综述的背景、目的和方法进行说明。
综述内容：按照时间、主题或方法等进行分类，对相关文献进行综述，可以分段进行描述。
讨论：对综述内容进行解释和评价，概括主要研究成果和趋势。
结论：总结文献综述，概括主要发现和意义。
要求说明：
1.外文中文翻译要准确无误，语句通顺流畅，做到质量高、符合学术
规范。
2.文献综述要选择与所研究领域相关的文献进行综述，覆盖面要广，
内容要全面、准确并有独立思考。
4.文献综述要注重整体结构和逻辑连贯性，内容要有层次感，段落间
要过渡自然。
5.外文中文翻译和文献综述要进行查重，确保原文与译文的一致性，
并避免抄袭和剽窃行为。
英语笔译文献综述
英语笔译文献综述English:In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the field of English translation studies, particularly in the context of Chinese academia. Scholars have been exploring various aspects of translation, including theories, methodologies, and practical applications. Some key research areas include the analysis of translation strategies, the examination of cultural implications in translation, and the investigation of translator competence. Additionally, the impact of technology on translation practice and the role of ethics in translation have also been important areas of focus. Studies in English translation literature have provided valuable insights into the complexities and challenges of cross-cultural communication, highlighting the importance of accurate and effective translation in fostering mutual understanding and communication between different linguistic and cultural communities.中文翻译:近年来，在英语翻译研究领域，特别是在中国学术界，越来越受到关注。
外文翻译及文献综述规范与要求
English Translation Title (外文原文标题)English Translation is a good work. English Translation is a good work. English Translation is a good work. English Translation is a good work. English Translation is a good work. English Translation is a good work. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………注意：英文翻译标题格式： Times New Roman－四号－加粗；英文正文： Times New Roman－五号－单倍行距。
From：外文译文标题英文翻译是个好工作。
英文翻译是个好工作。
英文翻译是个好工作。
英文翻译是个好工作。
英文翻译是个好工作。
英文翻译是个好工作。
英文翻译是个好工作。
英文翻译是个好工作。
英文翻译是个好工作。
英文翻译是个好工作。
英文翻译是个好工作。
英文翻译是个好工作。
英文翻译是个好工作。
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………注意：中文译文标题格式：宋体－三号－加粗；正文格式：宋体－五号－行距：1.25倍行距。
（1）翻译的资料必须与毕业设计有关（2）翻译后至少有2000汉字（3）文字简练、准确（特别注意术语）、流畅出处：关于××××××研究——文献综述湖州师范学院信息与工程学院（信息与工程系）060833 张三摘要：本文归纳了…和…研究中的关键问题，分析了…及其…的研究现状和发展趋势。
英语文献综述范文
Introduction:Social media has become an integral part of daily life for adolescents worldwide. While it offers numerous benefits such as communication, entertainment, and information sharing, it also poses potential risks to their mental health. This review aims to summarize the recent studies on the impact of social media on adolescents' mental health, highlighting the key findings and discussing the implications for future research and interventions.1. Social Media Use and Mental Health:Several studies have explored the relationship between social media use and mental health in adolescents. A study by Twenge et al. (2018) found that increased social media use was associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety in adolescents. Similarly, an analysis by Primack et al. (2017) revealed that heavy social media use was linked to poor mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.2. Social Comparison and Body Image:Social media platforms often promote unrealistic beauty standards and can lead to social comparison among adolescents. A study by Tiggemann and Slater (2011) indicated that exposure to idealized images on social media was associated with body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Furthermore, an investigation by Zaki and Nairne (2018) demonstratedthat social comparison on social media can negatively impactadolescents' self-esteem and body image.3. Cyberbullying:Cyberbullying is a significant concern in the context of social media use among adolescents. A study by Hinduja and Patchin (2010) revealed that cyberbullying is prevalent among adolescents and is associated with negative mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Moreover, an analysis by Smith et al. (2017) found that victims of cyberbullying are more likely to experience mental health problems compared to non-victims.4. Social Media and Sleep Patterns:Social media use has also been linked to sleep disturbances among adolescents. A study by Walsh et al. (2016) indicated that excessive use of social media before bedtime can lead to poor sleep quality and duration. Furthermore, a meta-analysis by Cai et al. (2018) suggested that social media use before bedtime is associated with increased sleep latency and reduced sleep efficiency.5. Interventions and Prevention:Given the potential negative impacts of social media on adolescents' mental health, several studies have explored interventions and prevention strategies. A study by Soenens et al. (2017) examined the effectiveness of a school-based program aimed at reducing cyberbullying and promoting positive social media use among adolescents. The findings suggested that the program was successful in improving mental health outcomes and reducing cyberbullying incidents. Additionally, an investigation by Zha et al. (2019) explored the role of parental monitoring and communication in mitigating the negative effects ofsocial media on adolescents' mental health.Conclusion:The recent studies on the impact of social media on adolescents' mental health have provided valuable insights into the potential risks and benefits associated with social media use. While social media offers numerous advantages, it also poses significant risks to adolescents' mental health, including social comparison, cyberbullying, and sleep disturbances. Future research should focus on developing effective interventions and prevention strategies to mitigate these risks and promote positive social media use among adolescents. Additionally, policymakers and educators should be aware of these findings and take appropriate measures to support adolescents in navigating the complexities of social media.。
外文翻译及文献综述规范与要求
毕业设计（论文）——外文翻译（原文）Electrode layout of ZnO pyroelectric sensorsAbstractIn the present study, an electrode layout of pyroelectric sensors is developed to improve electric signals. Voltage responsivity is a main target to enhance the performance of pyroelectric sensors. A partially covered, top electrode has been proven to effectively increase the voltage responsivity of pyroelectric sensors. In the experimental results, the proposed electrode layout with an array type in ZnO pyroelectric sensors possessed higher voltage signals, about 3.6 times that of a fully covered type, and about 2 times that of a partially covered type. Moreover, a finite element model is used to explore the temperature variation rate in ZnO pyroelectric sensors for both the fully covered and the partially covered electrodes. In the simulation results, the partially covered electrode can indeed improve the temperature variation rate in the ZnO layer.Keywords: MEMS; Pyroelectric; Sensor; ZnO1. IntroductionMultilayer pyroelectric sensors have been successfully used in many applications, such as pollution monitoring, hot image detectors, intruder alarms, and gas analysis. They possess many advantages including non-cooled detection, room-temperature operation, lower system costs, fast speeds, port-ability, having a wide spectral response with high sensitivity and being integrable with on-chip circuitry [1-3]. The conventional pyroelectric sensors are comprised of a pyroelectriclayer sandwiched between top and bottom electrodes. The topside is exposed to a heat source. The dynamic response currentof pyroelectric sensors is proportional to the temperaturevariation rate of pyroelectric layers [1]. A higher temperaturevariation rate in the pyroelectric layer leads to a higher response current for the pyroelectric sensors. A partially covered,top electrode has been proven to result in a higher responsivity than that of a fully covered electrode because it opens windows for the ZnO layer to directly come into contact with theheat source [4]. Therefore, the electrode layout plays an important role in pyroelectric sensors. This concept has been expanded to etch a three-dimensional pattern on the respon- sive element of LiTaO3; lateral temperature gradients will beinduced on the sidewall of responsive elements under homogenous irradiation. Therefore, the temperature variation rates of responsive elements increases, which can increase the voltage responsivity of pyroelectric sensors [5].ZnO is a unique material because it possesses various prop-erties like semiconductivity, piezoelectricity, and pyroelectricity. Wide band-gap wurtzite phase ZnO has attracted attentiondue to its versatility in many promising applications, such as blue and ultraviolet light emitters, transparent conductors,solar cell windows, gas sensors, photovoltaic devices, pyroelectric imaging sensors, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR). ZnO films have been synthesized by numerous methods, such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, atomic layer deposition, spray pyrolysis, the filtered cathodic vacuum arctechnique, and the sol-gel process. The quality of ZnO films obtained by these methods depends on the growth methods and conditions. Thus, preferential orientation of ZnO films depends on growth conditions. The most densely packed and thermodynamically favorable growth orientation in a ZnO wurtzite structure is the one with the c-axis perpendicular to a substrate. ZnO films, with the c-axis normal to the substrate, are preferred in many applications, such as ZnO pyroelectric devices [4, 6] and film bulk acoustic resonators [7]. The pyroelectricity of ZnO is attributable to non-centro-symmetrical crystals and has a specific polar axis along the direction of spontaneous polarization [1, 2]. Given that ZnO is subjected to temperature variations, its internal polarization will produce an electric field. ZnO films are usually deposited by RF sputtering. The properties of ZnO are affected by sputtering conditions such as the composition of mixed process gases, working注意：英文翻译标题格式： Times New Roman－四号－加粗；英文正文： Times New Roman－五号－单倍行距。
翻译报告英文文献综述
翻译报告英文文献综述Introduction:In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the study of [topic]. Several research articles have been published, investigating various aspects of this field. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research in [topic], highlighting the key findings and methodologies employed.Methodology:To conduct this literature review, an extensive search was carried out across various academic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The search strategy involved using a combination of relevant keywords and search terms, such as [keywords]. The inclusion criteria for selecting articles included relevance to the topic, publication in peer-reviewed journals, and availability of full-text articles in English.Literature Review:1. Study 1: [Title]The first study by [Author] explored [specific aspect of topic]. The researchers conducted [brief description of research methodology], and their findings revealed [summary of key findings]. This study highlights the importance of [topic] in [relevant field] and suggests that [implications of findings].2. Study 2: [Title]In the second study by [Author], the focus was on [specific aspect of topic]. The researchers adopted [brief description of research methodology], and their results indicated [summary of key findings]. This study contributes to the understanding of [topic] by providing insights into [implications of findings].3. Study 3: [Title]Another study conducted by [Author] examined [specific aspect of topic]. The research design involved [brief description of research methodology]. The findings demonstrated [summary of key findings]. This study adds to the existing literature by [implications of findings].4. Study 4: [Title][Author] conducted a study investigating [specific aspect of topic]. The researchers employed [brief description of research methodology], and the results indicated [summary of key findings]. This study offers valuable insights into [implications of findings] and suggests further avenues for research in [topic].Discussion:The reviewed studies collectively contribute to the understanding of [topic]. They provide evidence regarding [aspects of topic], highlighting [implications of findings]. However, it is important to note that there are still gaps in the current knowledge, suggesting the need for further research in [topic].Conclusion:In conclusion, this literature review provides an overview of the recent research conducted in the field of [topic]. The reviewed studies contribute to the existing literature by offering valuable insights into [aspects of topic]. Based on the findings, it is evident that [implications of findings]. Future research should focus on addressing the existing gaps and expanding the knowledge base in [topic].References:1. [List of references cited in the literature review]。
经典英文文献综述范文
经典英文文献综述范文English:A classic English literature review typically provides an overview and analysis of key works in a particular field or topic. It often begins with an introduction that outlines the scope and purpose of the review, followed by a discussion of the historical context and the evolutionof the topic. The literature review then delves into a detailed examination of the most influential and significant texts, identifying key themes, arguments, and methodologies employed by the authors. The review also seeks to identify gaps or unresolved issuesin the existing research, and may propose avenues for future exploration in the field. This type of literature review is valuable for scholars and researchers seeking to gain a comprehensive understanding of the state of knowledge in their area of study, and often serves as a foundation for new research projects and critical debates within the academic community.中文翻译:经典的英文文献综述通常提供了一个特定领域或主题关键作品的概述和分析。
文献综述英文翻译
文献综述英文翻译Literature Review English TranslationA literature review is a process of reviewing the available literature related to a particular subject or topic. It is a comprehensive summary and evaluation of existing research that has been conducted on the topic, which may be organized in different ways such as thematically, methodologically, or chronologically.The purpose of a literature review is to provide an overview of the existing body of research on a given topic. It serves to identify gaps in the existing literature, assess the quality of research findings, and point out areas forfuture research. It is also used to establish the theoretical framework for a research project, and can be used to inform decision-making or policy development.When translating a literature review from English to another language, it is important to consider the target audience and the context of thetranslation. The translator should have a good understanding of both the source language and the target language, as well as the relevant cultural, historical, and political contexts.In addition to having a good understanding of the source language, the translator must also have an in-depth knowledge of the subject matter being discussed in the literature review. This includes understanding the terminology used in the original text, as well as the key concepts and theories that are discussed. The translator must also be familiar with the writing style and conventions of thetarget language, and should ensure that the translated text follows the same conventions.When translating a literature review, the translator should pay attention to the structure and organization of the original text. If the original text was divided into sections or subsections, these should also be followed in the translation. The translator should also pay close attention to the language used in the originaltext, and ensure that the translated text is written in the same style.The translator should also ensure that all citations and references in the original text are accurately translated. This includes making sure that any foreign names or terms are correctly transliterated, and that any links to online sources are still valid after the translation. Finally, the translator should make sure that the translated text reads fluently and logically, and that the ideas expressed in the original text are faithfully rendered in the translated version.。
英文文献综述(推荐文档)
外文文献Human Resource Management System as a tool at this stage is mainly used in the management of human resources to deal with all the quantitative issues such as employee time and attendance, payroll calculations are relatively common, there are some normative management, such as personnel files directory specification, identification of the labor contract situation real-time monitoring and so on, these are the premise down standardized quantitative management, management more standardized, dynamic, procedures, and management is greatly reduced manual work routine occupation human resource managers the proportion of time, improve the efficiency of human resource management, which is the primary objective of many companies to introduce human resource management system.As market competition intensifies, the needs of enterprise development, the use of information technology is only used to process these quantitative problem is far behind, the more important is adequate to IT and existing information combined with the use of certain the mathematical model of creative strategic analysis and forecasting, as its core business enterprises to provide forward-looking strategic planning, to enable enterprises to gain the initiative in the market competition. For example, employees of professional and technical personnel structure echelon analysis and forecasting of the core business of talent flow analysis and forecasting, etc., and the result of intelligence for business decision to provide alternative solutions based on the analysis. This is the main reason many companies urgently exploitation of human resources management information system.A good human resources management information system should first be the perfect blend of advanced management technology and information technology, which requires human resource managers must master the modern human resources management system, professional system of content and business processes, digestion and absorption of advancing human resource management concept, it can be interpreted in the software to optimize and standardize the entire contents of the energy flow of human resource management, human resource management department become information technology, standardization, personalized management platform. In addition, a reasonable and sound human resources management information system should also be able to take advantage of the wealth of information stored in the system, to provide fast, convenient and various statistical analysis for the HR department, and thus able to provide human resources to achieve corporate strategic objectives elements of decision support.With the development of computer technology, database technology, network technology, communication technology, establish a "ready, timely, uniform, efficient, safe," the human resources management information system has become possible, but also for the full range of human resources, dynamic management provided the conditions. On the one hand, it can be done to change the majority of companies today use multiple systems at the same time the situation and overcome the existing sub-professional information system information can not be shared weaknesses, human resources information management more scientific and standardization. On the other hand, can be done to meet the multi-level, require non-professional management, human resource managementinformation across the enterprise even wider range of shared, thus saving labor costs and improve efficiency. In addition, employees can do for self-service, human resources management has become relatively open from the previous closing. Hysteresis management becomes advanced and more. These benefits certainly can improve the human resources department of the highest corporate decision-makers as well as the quality of service of the staff, and the entire staff can participate in human resource management activities in the past.(A) improve the efficiency of human resource management.1. data sharing capabilitiesHuman resources management, including many aspects, such as staff management, labor management, appointment management cadre, staff training management, insurance planning, management, and so on. Establishment of a Human Resources Information System, as long as the employee information management department staff input into the computer, other departments can directly query and use, to achieve data sharing.2. Quick search functionHR information system on the basis of established data sharing, employee information can be linked, the staff only need to enter the employee's name, you can quickly find all kinds of useful information staff through print directly to obtain the necessary information.3. to achieve accurate information inquiriesIn the absence of established human resources information systems, employee information is scattered established, resulting in a work inconvenience. And as a result of the establishment of the human resources information system so that employees the information is unique, there is parity function while entering information, check discrepancy does not arise, ensuring the accuracy of the information inquiries.4. to achieve flexibleHuman resources management requires a lot of statistical reports, generate each report, you need at least one to two weeks. Human resources information systems usually accumulate information data, you can generate the required reports in minutes, easy to grasp the human resources department about the situation.(B) specification of information sources of the modern human resource management human resource management, mutual exchange of information between both. Therefore, in the establishment of human resources management information system, to consider a unified data source, unified data type, a unified coding standard, so that the whole system of data transfer in the network, data conversion to normal operation. This further standardize the source of corporate human resources information management, human resources management information also gradually move closer to international standards.(C) regulate the flow of human resources managementModern and efficient human resource management must develop a clear division oflabor in general, the effective management on the basis of the division of labor.Although the human resources information management system is a management tool, but its program of management, human resource management processes can be standardized, you can make the management of the program in the past has become blurred clarity, so that more perfect human resource management system, regulatory agencies more reasonably stable, manage data more scientific integrity.(D) for business leaders to provide effective services DecisionHuman resources management randomness is sometimes necessary to provide timely and accurate data. Due to human resource information system database data is modified at any time, to maintain full use of human resources information systems to share information. Therefore, you can easily, quickly and accurately from many sides, comprehensive analysis of human resource information, and to provide reliable data basis for leadership decision-making, thereby reducing the blindness of leadership decisions.人力资源管理系统作为一种工具，现阶段主要是在人力资源管理中用来处理所有定量的问题，比如员工考勤、薪酬计算是比较常用的，还有一些规范性的管理，如人事档案目录的规范、劳动合同鉴定情况的实时监控等等，这些都是在定量的前提下来规范管理，使管理更加标准化、动态化、程序化、与手工管理比较大大降低了例行性工作占用人力资源管理人员时间的比例，提高了人力资源管理部门的工作效率，这也是许多企业引入人力资源管理系统的首要目的。
文献综述英文版
文献综述英文版The process of conducting a literature review is a crucial step in academic research, as it enables researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the existing body of knowledge on a particular topic. A well-executed literature review serves several important functions, including identifying gaps in the current research, highlighting areas that require further investigation, and providing a strong foundation for the development of new research questions and hypotheses.One of the primary goals of a literature review is to provide a critical analysis of the relevant literature, synthesizing the key findings, theories, and methodologies that have been employed in previous studies. This involves carefully examining and evaluating the quality, reliability, and validity of the existing research, as well as identifying any biases or limitations that may be present. By doing so, the researcher can gain a deeper understanding of the current state of the field and identify areas where further research is needed.In the process of conducting a literature review, the researchershould strive to be as comprehensive and objective as possible, considering a wide range of sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles, books, conference proceedings, and other relevant materials. It is important to use a systematic and rigorous approach to searching for and selecting the relevant literature, employing appropriate search strategies and inclusion/exclusion criteria to ensure that the review is representative and unbiased.One of the key challenges in conducting a literature review is the sheer volume of information that is available on most research topics. With the rapid growth of academic publishing, researchers are often faced with the daunting task of sifting through a vast array of potentially relevant sources. To address this challenge, it is important to develop effective strategies for organizing and managing the literature, such as using bibliographic management software, creating detailed search logs, and organizing the literature into thematic or conceptual categories.Another important aspect of a literature review is the synthesis and integration of the existing research. This involves identifying the key themes, theories, and methodologies that emerge from the literature, and then weaving these elements together into a cohesive and coherent narrative. This process requires the researcher to move beyond simply summarizing the existing research to identifying the underlying connections and relationships between the variousstudies.In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of the existing literature, a well-executed literature review can also serve as a foundation for the development of new research questions and hypotheses. By identifying gaps or inconsistencies in the existing research, the researcher can identify areas that merit further investigation and develop new research projects that have the potential to make a meaningful contribution to the field.One of the key challenges in writing a literature review is striking the right balance between breadth and depth. On the one hand, the review should be comprehensive, covering a wide range of relevant sources and perspectives. On the other hand, the review should also be focused and cohesive, with a clear organizational structure and a well-developed argument. Achieving this balance requires the researcher to carefully select and synthesize the most relevant and meaningful information, while also maintaining a clear and concise writing style.In conclusion, the literature review is a critical component of academic research, serving to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing body of knowledge on a particular topic, identify gaps and areas for further investigation, and lay the groundwork for the development of new research questions and hypotheses. Byemploying a systematic and rigorous approach to the literature review process, researchers can enhance the quality and impact of their work, and make a meaningful contribution to the advancement of knowledge in their field.。
外文翻译文献综述
齿轮传动多轴头应用与设计
1.齿轮传动多轴头应用 2.齿轮传动多轴头的总体设计 齿轮传动多轴头加工机床的组成 机床的选择 联接部件和传动部件的结构 导向部件 多轴头加工的夹具
齿轮传动多轴头应用与设计
3.齿轮传动多轴头设计 齿轮传动多轴头组成 齿轮传动多轴头的设计步骤 齿轮传动多轴头的传动系统设计计算 4.机床夹具设计 机床夹具的作用 机床夹具的分类 专用夹具的组成 钻床夹具 钻床夹具的设计要点
文献综述的写作要求
文献综述的结论 文献研究的结论，概括指出自己对该课题的研 究意见，存在的不同意见和有待解决的问题等 文献综述的附录 列出参考文献，说明文献综述所依据的资料， 增加综述的可信度，便于读者进一步检索。 文献综述要文字简洁，围绕课题研究的“问 题”，尽量避免大量引用原文，要用自己的语 言把作者的观点说清楚，从原始文献中得出一 般性结论。
机械加工工艺与工装设计
1.工艺和工装设计介绍 2.生产过程与工艺过程: 3.工艺过程的组成: 4.机械加工工艺规程及其作用: 5.齿轮的材料、热处理和毛坯 6.齿轮轮齿的加工方法 7.圆柱齿轮加工工艺和常用工艺装备 8.光滑尺寸的检查及量具设计
箱体零件加工工艺
.1.结构特点及技术要求 2.毛坯和材料的选择 3.加工工艺的设计 1）.加工顺序安排 2）.定位基准的选择 3）.主要表面的加工方法 4）.孔系加工
文献综述的写作要求
文献综述的基本特征： 1. 综合性 （对某一时期同一课题的所有主要研究 成果的综合概括） 2. 描述性 （对被介绍的观点作客观性的描述） 3. 评价性 （表明自己的观点和主张。“述”与 “评’）
文献综述例文英文翻译
文献综述例文英文翻译Literature Review ExampleIntroduction:This literature review explores the concept of mindfulness and its relationship with mental health. Mindfulness is commonly defined as the awareness that arises from paying attention, on purpose, to the present moment, without judgment. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in mindfulness as a tool for improving mental health. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current literature on mindfulness and mental health, and to highlight some of the key findings from this research.Method:To conduct this literature review, a comprehensive search of electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO was undertaken. The search terms included “mindfulness”, “mental health”, “anxiety”, “depression”, “stress”, “psychological distress” and “well-being”. The articles included in this review were limited to those published in peer-reviewed journals between the years 2000 and 2020, in English.Results:The results of this literature review indicate that mindfulness-based interventions are effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. Studies have found that mindfulness training can lead to significant improvements in individual well-being, reduced stress, and increased positive affect. One study found that mindfulness meditation was more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in individuals with major depressive disorder. Other studies have found that mindfulness-based interventions can improve cognitive functioning, attention, and emotion regulation.Discussion:The findings of this literature review suggest that mindfulness-based interventions hold promise as effective tools for improving mental health. The results indicate that mindfulness training can provide individuals with the tools they need to manage symptoms of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. Given the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions, it appears that these practices have the potential to become an important addition to conventional treatments for mental health disorders.Conclusion:In conclusion, this literature review highlights the importance of mindfulness-based interventions in improving mental health. The results of this review suggest that mindfulness training canlead to significant improvements in individual well-being, reduced stress, and increased positive affect. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which mindfulness-based interventions work. Nonetheless, the practical applications of mindfulness practices in treating anxiety, depression, and psychological distress suggest that these interventions have the potential to become an important component of mental health treatments.。
文献综述和外文翻译
近年来，政府转型和政府角色定位成为我国学术界探讨的重点，而与此同时社会问题的频发也为政府执政提出更为严峻的考验。由西方发端的公共治理理论在政府与社会关系的讨论方面为政府职能改革提供了新的参考，现在及今后一段时期内将对政府角色定位产生深刻影响。
三、存在问题
公共治理理论在我国发展时间不久，虽然很多学者对其进行了研究与论述，但是普遍的社会认知尚未达到。我国目前正处于社会转型的关键时期，贫富差距拉大趋势明显，人民内部矛盾凸显，虽然我国政府一直在寻求很好的解决这些问题，但是收效甚微。公共治理理论可以为转型期我国政府角色定位提供理论参考，但是具体结合仍是问题根结所在，本文力图找到两者的结合点并提出建议。
摘要：在公共行政的讨论中，治理的概念被更为常见的使用，但这一词的含义并不总是很清楚。有越来越多的可以被归纳为"没有政府的治理“的欧洲文献强调：网络、伙伴关系和市场（尤其是国际市场）具有的重要性。这一机构的文献与相关的新的公共管理相关；然而，它有许多独特的元素。这篇文章讨论了它的优缺点和其在美国的公共京：社会科学文献出版社2000
《治理与善治》是国内出版的第一本有关治理问题的译著，它的最大价值就是将治理的国际思考首次介绍到中国来，为有兴趣研究治理问题的人提供了一本有益的参考书。这本书收录了目前西方治理理论研究中几位代表人物的文章，它们分别从不同的学科、不同的国别表达了对治理与善治的不同观点。书末所附的若干案例，是有关国家善治竞赛中的获奖项目，从中可以形象地看到不同国家的善治实践。
河北师范大学本科生毕业论文（设计）翻译文章
参阅外文篇目及文献翻译：
Governance Without Government? Rethinking Public Administration
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6. 上缴翻文及PDF的原文
艺流程 多轴加工设计内容 包括：齿轮、轴的设计、机床夹具、多轴加工、钻床改造
设计 组合机床液压传动设计内容 包括：液压传动、液压阀、泵、液压缸、液压站、液压技
术
文献综述的写作要求
文献综述的基本特征： 1. 综合性
（对某一时期同一课题的所有主要研究 成果的综合概括） 2. 描述性 （对被介绍的观点作客观性的描述） 3. 评价性 （表明自己的观点和主张。“述”与 “评’）
性 11.组合机床组成 12.组合机床工艺方案制定
齿轮传动多轴头应用与设计
1.齿轮传动多轴头应用 2.齿轮传动多轴头的总体设计 齿轮传动多轴头加工机床的组成 机床的选择 联接部件和传动部件的结构 导向部件 多轴头加工的夹具
齿轮传动多轴头应用与设计
3.齿轮传动多轴头设计 齿轮传动多轴头组成 齿轮传动多轴头的设计步骤 齿轮传动多轴头的传动系统设计计算 4.机床夹具设计 机床夹具的作用 机床夹具的分类 专用夹具的组成 钻床夹具 钻床夹具的设计要点
文献综述的写作要求
文献综述的结论 文献研究的结论，概括指出自己对该课题的研
究意见，存在的不同意见和有待解决的问题等 文献综述的附录 列出参考文献，说明文献综述所依据的资料，
增加综述的可信度，便于读者进一步检索。 文献综述要文字简洁，围绕课题研究的“问
题”，尽量避免大量引用原文，要用自己的语 言把作者的观点说清楚，从原始文献中得出一 般性结论。
外文翻译基本要求
1. 正式出版发行的外文科研论文 2. 2. 提交译文和原文 3. 翻译语句通顺 4. 格式满足学校要求
具体要求和注意点：
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主 （Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可 以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称、关键词、摘要、 前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
文献综述的写作要求
文献综述格式一般包括 文献综述的引言
包括撰写文献综述的原因、意义、文献的范围、 正文的标题及基本内容提要； 文献综述的正文 是文献综述的主要内容，包括某一课题研究的 历史 (寻求研究问题的发展历程)、现状、基本 内容 (寻求认识的进步)， 研究方法的分析(寻求 研究方法的借鉴)，已解决的问题和尚存的问题， 重点阐述对当前的影响及发展趋势
组合机床设计
1.组合机床组成及特点 2.组合机床的工艺范围 3.确定组合机床工艺方案的基本原则 4.组合机床方案分析比较的主要指标 5.组合机床行业发展历史概况 6.组合机床的设计思想 8.组合机床常用工艺方法 9确定组合机床工艺方案的原则 10.组合机床不同配置形式的特点及适应
机械加工工艺与工装设计
1.工艺和工装设计介绍 2.生产过程与工艺过程: 3.工艺过程的组成: 4.机械加工工艺规程及其作用: 5.齿轮的材料、热处理和毛坯 6.齿轮轮齿的加工方法 7.圆柱齿轮加工工艺和常用工艺装备 8.光滑尺寸的检查及量具设计
箱体零件加工工艺
.1.结构特点及技术要求 2.毛坯和材料的选择 3.加工工艺的设计
1）.加工顺序安排 2）.定位基准的选择 3）.主要表面的加工方法 4）.孔系加工
箱体零件加工工艺
4.夹具设计 5.光滑尺寸的检查及量具设计 6.切削刀具材料选择及设计
液压系统设计文献综述
1.组合机床的液压传动 2.液压传动的组成与类型 3.液压系统的拟定 4.选择液压回路 5.液压系统图的拟定 6.液压元件的选型 7.液压控制阀组的集成化设计 8.液压站的设计
如何找外文原文
手工查找图书馆期刊部收藏的外文期刊 检索图书馆外文数据库 利用网络检索 google 、google scholor （scholor.google）等外文学术收索引擎。
题目相关内容
工艺工装设计内容 包括：各种切削加工及工艺、齿轮加工、机床夹具、齿轮
的制造方法、箱体的加工 组合机床设计内容 包括：组合机床设计、机床设计、机床夹具、组合机床工