08级本科翻译——句子翻译
08阅读翻译
A 阿德里安的―极速前进‖的早期开始，当他的父母意识到，作为一个婴儿，一点也听不到，甚至不大声喧哗。
在特殊学校的听力受损（听觉受损的），他学会了手语，和其他的残疾儿童。
然而，看到所有的残疾儿童相互沟通，打乱了他的母亲。
她想让他过正常人的生活。
所以在上一个顾问，她把他送进私立学校，在那里他学会了读唇语和发音。
后来，阿德里安的父母决定送他去学校。
但校长试图阻止他们这样做的话，普通学校不能照顾有特殊需要的学生。
他的父母决定冒险，要求他每天独自完成他的工作，因为他们想要证明，如果有机会，他可以做任何事。
阿德里安的成绩并获得认可。
这是一个很大的挑战。
速度（节奏）快，所以他不得不坐在教室的前面，非常注重教师，这并不容易。
但他坚持它做了很多额外的工作后，学校。
所作的努力，阿德里安和他的父母了。
阿德里安以优异的成绩毕业，并进入了顶级高中。
他还取得了许多生活以外的学校。
他制定了一个热爱户外活动，前往尼泊尔的登山。
他甚至进入了世界帆船赛05 /06---第一个听障亚洲这么做。
但没有这些成就将是不可能的一个最重要的教训，从他的母亲。
‖―如果你相信自己，努力工作，你就能取得好的成绩。
‖她经常说。
41。
阿德里安是如何与其他儿童在特殊学校？答说。
通过使用手语 C .通过阅读嘴唇通过制造噪音 42。
阿德里安的父母决定送他去普通学校，因为。
他们想让他过正常的生活他们想证明校长错他不会和其他残疾儿童他没有照顾好的特殊学校43。
阿德里安是如何最终成功的学习？他做了很多户外活动。
他被推努力学习每一天。
他参加了私立学校，放学后。
他工作很努力在课后 44。
为什么阿德里安的生活描述为一个―极速前进‖？他做的非常好，在他的研究他成功地进入正规学校他达到他的目标，尽管他的残疾他参加了世界帆船赛05 /06B 困在一个荒岛上？四月，史提夫开始对第二十三柱1–742 后1 史提夫美国夏威夷，每个人。
你最想念什么，至少如果你被困在一个荒岛上？对我来说，这将是四季变化在英国。
08年专升本公共英语真题及解析
08年专升本公共英语真题及解析(第一部分)Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure (40 points)Directions： There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes each sentence， and then write the choice in the brackets.1. John and I _____ friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seenB. have been; have seenC. had been; had seenD. have been; had seen【翻译】我和约翰已是八年的好友，我俩第一次相识在一个圣诞晚会上，在此以前我们曾见过几面。
［考点］谓语动词的时态【解析】 D 从时间短语for eight years 推知，第一句的谓语动词须用现在完成时。
最后一句谓语动词的动作发生在第二句谓语动词动作之前，所以要选用过去完成时。
2. When _____ the education systems of China and Britain， the professor gave his own comment.A. asking to be comparedB. asked him to compareC. asking him to compareD. asked to compare【翻译】当要求对比中英教育体制时，教授提出了自己的看法。
1998-2008年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文
1998-2008年英语专业八级考试真题翻译及参考译文1998年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。
望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。
在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。
世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。
跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……参考译文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation). In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.E-C原文：I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent —e. g. in painting and music —they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. Howmany English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they re ally represent an “English tradition” after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own —and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.参考译文：那么，要谈论美国文学，倒并非意欲断言，它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。
专八口试2008年英译汉答案
专八口试2008年英译汉答案第一篇：专八口试2008年英译汉答案2008年12月英译汉一位美籍教授在欢送外籍教师宴会上的祝酒词女士们，先生们，晚上好！我知道在这个热闹非凡的场合中很难吸引大家的注意，因此我的祝酒词尽量简短些。
我想借此机会，代表所有的外籍教师感谢南平大学的全体教职员工，特别是外事办的工作人员和不同系的同事们，感谢你们2007-2008学年在各方面对我们的帮助，使我们感到家的温暖。
我知道接待外籍教师并不容易，因为我们对于中国很陌生，所以不免为你们增添了许多麻烦。
不像中国的教师一样，刚来时我们需要定位，需要帮助。
于是你们为我们做着一切，从领着我们到小超市到帮我们调试电脑。
学期开始时，又会回答我们无数有关课程的问题以及我们对于这里的教育体制的适应情况。
而这些中国教师都不需要问。
当然，最重要的是，我们呆在中国时，你们还为我们做了许多其他的事情。
比如说和我们一起过假期，带我们去有趣的旅游景点以及向我们介绍中国的传统美食。
然而，到了学期末，我们中的许多人就会离开，你们不得不为接待下一轮的外籍教师重复同样的过程。
年复一年，你们不次劳苦周到地做着这些。
因此今晚，我们想对你们为我们所做的一切事情表示感谢，就比如说今晚这个美好的宴会。
同时还要感谢你们今年投资十万元升级我们的网络服务。
然而，我们还要特别感谢你们每天为我们的生活所做的大事小事，点点滴滴。
请允许我举杯，为南平大学及所有使这个地方工作和生活变得美好的人们，干杯！第二篇：2014年专八翻译及答案2014年英语专八考试汉译英部分真题（网友回忆版）当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。
我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。
可是，我也愿意升学。
我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。
只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。
入学，要交十圆的保证金。
这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。
专业八级翻译讲解汉译英
2.expression errors:
(2)expressions----wordy repeating not clear in meaning illogical (3)style----improperly formal improperly colloquial improperly literary
3.PASSABLE WITH SOME INACCURACIES (6—5)
The translation adequately reflects most of the original passage with occasional errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is, for the most part, readable.
2.expression errors:
(1)words----wrong words no such words (2)expressions----wrong expression no such expression usage error error in collocation awkward
2.GOOD TRANSLATION WITH FEW INACCURACIES(8—7)
The translation reflects almost all the original passage with relatively few significant errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is readable (generally clear, smooth, cohesive)
08年专8翻译
Heart is just an important organ of man, whose inner world ,however, is a scenery.
它是由外部 世界不断地作用于内心渐渐 形成的。
It is came into being by the outside world’s continuous effect.
不是共同承担他们最初 的责任。 像校园男孩会说的那样对半分。 他们发现生活的忧虑成倍增加。
This led to some distressing moments for both our friends.
这让我们的朋友双方有时候都 感到痛苦。
They understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations.
在这个世界上，他们只希望拥 有彼此而不是其它。但那里他 们似乎从未如此强烈地感觉到， 他们仍是现代社会独立的个体。
人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方 面，恐怕 还在于人的内心世界。
The distinction between man and animals, expect the aspects as we all know, is that man has inner world.
心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界 是一种景观。
Hale Waihona Puke 他们突然间明白，他们仍在地而 而不是置身天堂，这使得他们成 为新的法律和规章制度的奴隶。
Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities.
002八级考试翻译练习参考答案
002八级考试翻译练习参考答案第一篇：002八级考试翻译练习参考答案八级考试翻译练习参考答案很少哪个词语的意思比“文明”这个词更不确定了。
它是什么意思呢？它指一个建立在平民意见基础之上的社会。
它意味着：暴力、武士规则和独裁酋长，营地和战争，骚乱和专制，这一切都让位于制定法律的议会，让位于长期维护法律的独立司法机构。
这就是文明——在文明的土壤里逐渐孕育出自由、快乐和文化。
任何一个国家由文明主宰时，人民大众就能够享受更宽松自由、也更少有烦恼的生活，传统得到珍视，先前的贤哲或勇士们留给我们的遗产成为所有人都可以享受和使用的丰富财产。
（2006-2-18）I have made contact with many old people.Some of them have become my good friends.When we meet, we are able to ramble on/ chat away about everything on earth.Through talking with these old people, I have got the feeling that they are often worried about their being idle.These old people have a terrible amount of idle time yet few opportunities to make contact with the outside world.They are often forgotten by their busy younger generation.At home, young people may talk enthusiastically and endlessly with their friends and colleagues, while leaving the elders alone.Sometimes, old people will chip in/ cut in by saying a few words, only to be scolded impolitely.Young people don't understand that the elders like a lively and exciting atmosphere in the home.They don't understand the sadness old people feel towards the cold and indifferent attitude of the young.3 美国现在开始了一场全国性辩论，讨论美国发挥国际作用的各个组成部分，例如美国是唯一剩下的超级大国这个命题。
计算机专业英语词汇词组翻译(08影印版)
UNIT 1application software 应用软件basic application 基础程序communication device 通讯设备compact disc（CD) 高密度磁盘computer competency 计算机能力desktop computer 台式机device driver 设备驱动程序r digital versatile disc（DVD) 数字化通用磁盘digital video disc（DVD) 数字视频光盘end user 终端用户floppy disc 软盘handheld computer 手持式计算机hard disc 硬盘highdefinition（hidef）高清晰度information system 信息系统information technology 信息技术input device 输入设备mainframe computer 大型机midrange computer 中型机notebook computer 笔记本电脑operating system 操作系统output device 输出设备optical disc 光盘（CD和DVD 的统称）palm computer 掌上电脑personal digital assistant（PDA）个人数字助理presentation file 演示文档（PPT）primary storage 主存储器random access memory（RAM）随机存取存储器secondary storage 次级存储specialized application 专业计算机应用system software 系统软件system unit 系统处理单元tablet PC 平板电脑wireless revolution 无线革命worksheet file 工作表文件UNIT 2Advanced Reasearch Project Agency Network （ARPANET）阿帕网auction house site 拍卖行网站business-to-business（B2B）企业对企业的电子商务模式business-to-consumer(B2C) 企业对消费者的电子商务模式Center for European Nuclear Research(CERN)欧洲原子能研究中心（注意是CERN而非CENR）computer virus 计算机病毒consumer-to-consumer 消费者对消费者的电子商务模式digital cash 数字现金directory search 目录检索domain name 域名electronic commerce 电子商务electronic mail 电子邮件file transfer protocol(FTP) 文件传输协议Hypertext Markup Language(HTML)超文本标记语言instant messaging(IM) 即时通讯Internet security 网络安全Internet service provider(ISP) 互联网服务提供商Keyword search 关键字检索metasearch engine 元搜索引擎national service provider 国家级服务提供商online banking 网上银行online shopping 网上购物online stock trading 网上炒股person-to-person auction site 人与人的拍卖网站plug-in 插件程序search engine 搜索引擎search service 搜索服务signature line 签名档social networking 社交网络spam blocker 垃圾邮件拦截器specialized search engine 专用搜索引擎top-level domain(TLD) 顶级域名uniform resource location(URL) 统一资源定位器universal instant messenger 环球即时通讯Web auction 网上拍卖Web-based application 基于Web应用Web-based services 基于Web服务Web page 网页Web utility Web实用程序Wireless modem 无线调制解调器Wireless service provider 无线上网服务提供商UNIT 3analytical graph 分析图AutoContent wizard 内容提示向导bulleted list/numbered list 项目符号列表business suite（productivity suite）商务套装软体character effect 字符效果computer trainer 计算机教师contextual tab 情景标签（上下文选项卡）database management system(DBMS)数据库管理系统database manager 数据库管理器design template 设计模板dialog box 对话框find and replace 查找替换grammar checker 语法检查器graphical user interface(GUI) 图形用户界面home software 家用软件integrated package 集成软件包master slide 幻灯片母板menu bar 菜单栏numeric entry 数字输入personal software 个人软件personal suite 个人软件套装presentation graphics 演示图形relational database 关系数据库software suite 软件套件specialized suite 专业软件套装speech recognition 语音识别spelling checker 拼写检查程序user interface 用户界面utility suite 实用工具套件what-if analysis 假设分析word processor 文字处理软件word wrap 自动换行workbook file 工作表文件UNIT4 artifical intelligence 人工智能artificial reality 人造现实audio editing software 音频编辑软件bitmap image 位图clip art 剪辑艺术desktop publisher 排版者desktop publishing program 排版程序drawing program 绘图程序expert system 专家系统fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑graphical map 图形映射graphics suite 图像处理套件illustration program 插图软件image editors 图像编辑器image gallery 图像库immersive experience 拟真经历industrial robot 工业机器人knowledge base 知识库knowledge-based system 基于知识的系统mobile robot 可动机器人multimedia authoring program 多媒体编辑程序page layout program 排版程序perception system robot 感知系统机器人photo editors 照片编辑器raster image 光栅图像（位图的另一种说法）virtual reality 虚拟现实stock photograph 摄影作品story board 故事板vector illustration 矢量插画vector image 矢量图video editing software 视频编辑软件virtual environment 虚拟环境virtual reality modeling language(VRML)虚拟现实建模语言virtual reality wall 虚拟现实墙Web authoring 网页制作Web authoring program 网页制作程序Web log 网络日志Web page editor 网页编辑器UNIT 5Add Printer Wizard 添加打印机向导antivirus program 反病毒软件backup program 文件备份程序Boot Camp 引导营地cold boot 冷启动computer support specialist 计算机支持专家desktop operating system 桌面操作系统device driver 设备驱动diagnostic program 诊断程序dialog box 对话框Disk Cleaning 磁盘清理Disk Defragmenter 磁盘碎片整理embedded operating system 嵌入式操作系统file compression program 文件压缩程序graphic user interface 图形用户界面language translator 程序语言翻译程序network operating system（NOS）网络操作系统network server 网络服务器One Button Checkup 一键检测software environment 软件环境stand-alone operating system 单机操作系统system software 系统软件troubleshooting program 麻烦纠错程序uninstall program 卸载程序utility suite 套装工具软件warm boot 热启动UNIT 6AC adapter 交流电转接器accelerated graphics port（AGP)图形加速端口arithmetic-logic unit（ALU) 逻辑算术单元，运算器arithmetic operation 算术运算binary coding scheme 二进制编码方案binary system 二进制系统bus line 总线bus width 总线宽度cache memory 高速缓冲存储器carrier package 载波包central processing unit（CPU)中央处理器clock speed 时钟速度complementary metal-oxide semiconductor （CMOS) 互补金属氧化物半导体computer technician 计算机技术员control unit 控制单元，控制器desktop system unit 桌面系统单元dual-core chips 双核心晶片expansion bus 扩展总线expansion card 扩展卡expansion slot 扩展槽FireWire bus 火线总线FireWire port 火线端口flash memory 闪存graphics card 显卡graphics coprocessor 图形协处理器handheld computer system unit掌上电脑系统单元industry standard architecture(ISA)工业标准结构Infrared Data Association(IrDA) 红外数据协会integrated circuit 集成电路logical operation 逻辑运算modem card 调制解调器卡musical instrument digital interface(MIDI)音乐设备数字接口network adapter card 网络适配卡network interface card 网络接口卡,网卡notebook system unit 笔记本电脑系统单元parallel port 并行端口parallel processing 并行处理PC card 个人计算机卡PCI Express(PCIe) 串行总线peripheral component interconnect(PCI)外部控制器接口Plug and Play 即插即用power supply unit 电源单元random-access memory 随机存储器read-only memory 只读存储器RFID tag 无线射频标签serial ATA(SATA) 串行ATAserial port 串行端口silicon chip 硅晶片smart card 智能卡sound card 声卡system board 主板system bus 系统总线system cabinet 主机箱system clock 系统时钟system unit 系统处理单元tablet PC system unit 平板电脑系统处理单元TV turner card 电视卡universal serial bus(USB) 通用串行总线virtual memory 虚拟内存UNIT7active-matrix monitor 有源矩阵显示器bar code 条形码bar code reader 条形码扫描器bar code scanner 条形码扫描器cathode-ray tube(CRT) 阴极射线管combination key 组合键cordless mouse 无线鼠标data projector 投影机digital camera 数码摄像机digital media player 数字媒体播放器digital music player 数字音乐播放器digital video player 数字视频播放器display screen 显示屏幕dot-matrix printer 点阵式打印机dot pitch 点距dots-per-inch(dpi) 每英寸点数dual-scan monitor 双向扫描显示器dumb terminal 哑终端ergonomic keyboard 人体工程学键盘fax machine 传真机flat-panel monitor 平板显示器flatbed scanner 台式扫描仪flexible keyboard 柔性键盘handwriting recognition software手写识别软件high-definition television(HDTV)高清电视ink-jet printer 喷墨打印机intelligent terminal 智能终端Internet telephone 网络电话IP telephony ip电话laser printer 激光打印机light pen 光笔liquid crystal display(LCD) 液晶显示器magnetic-ink character recognition(MICR)磁墨水字符识别mechanical mouse 机械鼠标mouse pointer 鼠标指针multifunctional device(MFD) 多功能设备network terminal 网络终端numeric keypad 数字小键盘optical-character recognition(OCR)光学字符识别optical-mark recognition(OMR)光标阅读器optical mouse 光电鼠标optical scanner 光电扫描仪passive-matrix monitor 无源矩阵显示器personal laser printer 个人激光打印机picture elecments 像素pixel pitch 像素间距platform scanner 平版式扫描仪pointing stick 指点杆portable printer 便捷式打印机portable scanner 便携式扫描仪radio frequency card reader 射频读卡器radio frequency identification 射频识别refresh rate 刷新率roller ball 滚球shared laser printer 共享激光打印机technical writer 技术作家thermal printer 热敏打印机thin film transistor 薄膜晶体管toggle key 切换键touch pad 触摸板touch screen 触摸屏tranditional keyboard 传统键盘Universal Product Code（UPC）通用产品代码Voice over IP（VoIP）网络协议电话Voice recognition system 语音识别系统Wand reader 条形码读入器wheel button 滚轮wireless keyboard 无线键盘wireless mouse 无线鼠标UNIT 8access speed 存取速度CD-R(CD-recordable) 可录入光盘CD-ROM(compact disc-read-only memory)只读光盘CD-ROM jukebox 点唱机CD-RW(compact disc rewritable)可擦写光盘direct access 直接存取disk caching 磁盘缓存DVD-R(DVD recordable) 可录入DVD+R(DVD recordable)DVD-RAM(DVD random-access memory)DVD随机存储器DVD+ROM(DVD-read-only memory)高密度只读光盘DVD-RW(DVD rewritable) 可擦写DVD+RW(DVD rewritable)enterprise storage system 企业存储系统erasable optical disc 可擦除光盘file compression 文件压缩file decompression 文件解压缩file server 文件服务器flash memory card 闪存卡floppy disk 软盘floppy disk drive(FDD) 软驱hard disk 硬盘hard-disk cartridge 硬盘盒hard-disk pack 硬盘组HD DVD(high-definition DVD)head crash 物理碰撞high-capacity disk 高容量磁盘internal hard disk 内置硬盘Internal hard drive 内部硬盘驱动器magnetic tape 磁带magnetic tape reel 磁带盒magnetic tape streamer 磁带条mass storage 大容量存储器mass storage devices 大容量存储设备optical disc 光盘organizational Internet storage 组织网络存储PC Card hard disk pc卡片硬盘RAID system 碟阵列系统redundant array of inexpensive disks(RAID)磁盘阵列sequential access 顺序存取software engineer 软件工程师solid-state storage 固态存储器storage device 存储设备tape cartridge 磁带盒tape library 磁带库write-protection notch 写保护等级UNIT 93G cellular network 3G移动网络analog signal 模拟信号asymmetric digital subscriber line（ASDL）非对称数字用户线路base station 基站bits per second（bps）broadcast radio 无线电波bus network 总线网络cable modem 线缆调制解调器cellular service 移动电话服务client/server network 客户端/服务器网络coaxial cable 同轴电缆communication channel 通信电路communication system 通信系统dial-up service 拨号服务digital signal 数字信号digital subscriber line 数字用户线路distributed data processing system分布数据处理系统domain name servicer 域名服务器external modem 外部调制解调器fiber-optic cable 光导纤维global positioning system(GPS) 全球定位系统hierarchical network 层次网络internal modem 内部调制解调器IP address（Internet Protocol address）IP地址local area network（LAN）局域网low bandwidth 低带宽medium bandwidth 中带宽metropolitan area network 城域网network administration 网络管理员network architecture 网络体系结构network gateway 网络网关network hub 网络集线器network interface card 网络接口卡network operating system（NOS）网络操作系统PC Card modempeer-to-peer network 对等网proxy server 代理服务器ring network 环形网satellite/air connection service卫星连接服务star network 星型网terminal network 终端及网络time-sharing network 分时网络transmission control protocol/Internet protocol(TCP/IP)传输控制协议/互联网协议wide area network（WAN）广域网Wi-Fi（wireless fidelity）无线高保真wireless LAN（WLAN）无线局域网wireless modem 无线猫wireless receiver 无线电接收机UNIT 10ad network cookie 广告网络cookie adware cookie 广告软件cookie anti-spyware 反间谍软件biometric-scanning 生物识别扫描carpal tunnel syndrome 软骨综合症computer crime 计算机犯罪computer ethics 计算机道德Computer Fraud and Abuse Act计算机欺诈和滥用法computer monitoring software 计算机监控软件cumulative trauma disorder 积累性损伤错乱data security 数据安全denial of service(DoS) attack 拒绝服务攻击disaster recovery plan 灾难恢复计划electronic monitoring 电子监控electronic profile 电子个人资料Energy Star 能源之星environmental protection 环境保护Financial Modernization Act 金融服务现代化法Freedom of Information Act 信息自由法案history file 历史文件identify theft 身份盗用illusion of anonymity 匿名幻想information broker 信息经纪人information reseller 信息经销商Internet scam 网络诈骗keystroke logger 键盘嗅探登陆器mistaken identity 张冠李戴physical security 物理安全repetitive motion injury 反复性动作损失repetitive strain injury（RSI）重复性劳损reverse directory 反向目录Software Copyright Act 软件著作权法software piracy 软件盗版spy removal program 间谍软件清除程序surge protector 浪涌电压保护器traditional cookies 传统的信息记录程序Trojan horse 特洛伊木马voltage surge 电压增加Web bug 网页爬虫。
08年翻译解析
1. The term ”business model”first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序).解析：1）找出句子主干2）The term 和“business model”是同位语3）came into widespread use是谓语4）with…短语是主句的伴随状语5）came into widespread use意思是：广泛使用译文：随着个人计算机的发明和空白表格程序的出现，“商业模型”这个术语开始得以广泛应用的。
译文：在空白表格程序发明之前，商业策划一般意味着做出一个单一性预测。
译文：充其量，你只能就某种预测做一些灵敏度分析。
4. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents （could be）analyzed and (could be) tested.1) 复合句：原因状语从句+主句2）从句被动语态，省略译文：这种空白表格程序引入了更强的分析方法来规划商业模式，因为每一个主要项目都能够加以分割，每一个小项和更小的项目都能够加以分析和检验。
5. You could ask what- if questionsabout the critical assumptionson which your business depended（定语从句拆译，重复先行词）-for example,what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?-and with a few keystrokes,you could seehow any change would play out on every aspect of the whole.译文：你可以做任何的“假设式”的疑问，这些疑问是针对你极其重要的商业设想。
翻译2008级 练习 本科 翻译 2010.6.
翻译练习Unit SixStructure1.1) 既然你长大了, 应该学会独立, 不要再依靠父母的帮助。
Now that you are grown up you should learn to be independent of your parents help.2)既然你呆在这个学校已经有一段时间请你给我谈谈你的看法。
Now that you have been in this school for some time，please tell me what you think of it.3) 既然他的病已经完全康复，他就能继续进行他的研究。
Now that he has fully recovered from his illness, he is able to go on which his research.4) 正如人们的预料，这一政策所产生的效果有限。
As might be expected，this policy produced few settlements.5) 高地正如其名字所暗示，系指该国的或山区或丘陵地区。
The High Lands are as the name implies the hilly or mountainous region of the country.Translation:1)You are trying to complete your college career while dealing with the demands ofjob-hunting, interviews, and facing the reality of the end of schooling (at least for the foreseeable future).你一边要设法完成学业，一边要忙于找工作，参加面试，还要正视即将结束学生生涯（至少在可见的将来是不会继续了）这一现实。
08级翻译练习(3)detective story
Detective storyThe detective story has enjoyed an immense popularity ever since Conan Doyle wrote his wonderful stories about the imaginary detective Sherlock Holmes. Every detective story contains a mystery connected with a crime, usually murder. In the typical case, the crime occurs near the beginning of the story. Who did it? Therein lies the interest of the whole book. A detective is called in, he begins his enquiries, and the end comes when the mystery is solved and the criminal brought to justice or punished in some way or other. There are of course variations on this theme. There may be no actual crime at all, but only a suspected one, or one which is feared in the future. Sometimes the criminal is known from the very beginning, and the interest lies in how h commits the crime or why, or how the detective finds out what the reader know already, or how the case can be proved in court. But there is always a mystery or a problem of some kind, and it must always have a logical solution. Some authors deliberately tempt the reader to use his own sense of reason in guessing the criminal before he is revealed, so that the story acquires something of the flavour of a crossword puzzle. Others concentrate less on the detection and more on the crime or crimes, trying to make the reader breathless with suspense or horror. In this case the detective story becomes rather a crime story or thriller. The character of the detective himself is often of considerable interest, and many well-known writers use the same detective in manydifferent stories: Agatha Christie’s Hercule Poirot is a Belgian, Dorothy Sayers’ Peter Wimsey is a lord, G.K. Chesteron’s Father Brown is a priest. But Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes is still the greatest of them all.Direction:This text is to introduce the frequently-seen materials and the common structure of detective stories in which a wealth of legislative terms, literal languages and proper names are included. When doing this translation, close attention should be paid to the general words or the above-mentioned special words (Or the general words and their transferred or extended meaning). To translate the names, transliteration is expected to be used.。
2008级本科专业教学计划公共课程英文翻译.
College Physics
64
4
64
21
必修
130000011
物理实验（上）
General Physics Experimentation
27
1
27
12
必修
130000021
物理实验（下）
General Physics Experimentation
27
1
27
21
必修
130000030
必修
070000100
工程力学a
Engineering Mechanics（a）
56
3.5
52
4
21
必修
070000110
工程力学b
Engineering Mechanics（b）
72
4.5
66
6
21
必修
070000120
弹性力学与有限元
Elasticity Mechanics and FEM
56
3.5
48
8（上机）
31
必修
080000010
电工与电子技术a
Electrical Engineering and Electronic Technology（a）
76
4.5
64
12
22
必修
080000020
电工与电子技术b
Electrical Engineering and Electronic Technology（b）
96
6
必修
32
其余的院（系）
12
120000050
当代世界经济与政治
英语专业八级考试 汉译英部分(原文+参考译文)
英语专业八级考试汉译英部分（原文+参考译文）1995——2010全1995 C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the tastier they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is “important” and what is not.1996 C-E原文：近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。
《实用英汉互译》课程标准
《实用英汉互译》课程标准1.课程说明《实用英汉互译》课程标准课程编码〔20030038/20030039〕承担单位〔外国语学院〕制定〔〕制定日期〔2022年10月20日〕审核〔专业指导委员会〕审核日期〔〕批准〔二级学院（部）〕批准日期〔〕（1）课程性质：本门课程是英语教育专业的基础阶段专业选修课程。
《实用英汉互译》在英语专业二年级开设一学年，每周2学时，共开设30周，是我院英语专业翻译方向的主干课程，是翻译方向其他相关课程的基础课和先修课，处于方向课程群的中心，同时也是英语专业其他方向课程群中的专业技能单项训练课程。
本课程属于理论与实践紧密结合的课程。
其中，在课程内容上大体为翻译理论与实践26学时，实用文本翻译24学时，授课过程中穿插英译汉和汉译英，大体各占一半学时。
教学内容重点强调译员职业素质的培养，在翻译方法与技巧及汉英语言对比与翻译的讲授中，配合多种实用文本的翻译方法和练习，将教师讲解译例、课堂练习讲评、学生课下练习与小组合作评价相结合；除此，还安排8学时讲授计算机辅助翻译与应用、工具书的选择与应用、变译与回译、译员职业实务等翻译实务操作技能，使学生全面了解和掌握翻译职业从业的初步知识与技能。
（2）课程任务：主要针对英语相关等岗位开设，主要任务是培养学生在口笔译岗位的翻译能力，要求学生掌握笔译方法和技巧、笔译业务方面的基本技能。
（3）课程衔接：在课程设置上，前导课程有综合英语、英语阅读、英语语法、英语词汇、英语写作等，后续课程有翻译专业其它课程。
2.学习目标总目标本课程的总目标是使学生具备笔头翻译的基本能力。
通过介绍翻译方法与技巧、汉英两种语言的对比分析以及各类实用文本语言的特点和翻译方法，使学生初步具备英汉互译的能力，了解译员职业，能够基本胜任实用文本翻译工作。
能将中等难度的英语篇章或段落译成汉语，译文准确，忠实原文，语言通顺流畅，速度为每小时250-300个英语单词；能将中等难度的汉语篇章或段落译成英语，速度为每小时150-200个汉字。
八级汉英翻译练习（5篇范例）
八级汉英翻译练习（5篇范例）第一篇：八级汉英翻译练习八级汉英翻译练习(打印部分)1.人际关系问题我们不要太浪漫主义。
人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看的都是他或她的优点。
这点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。
开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。
吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。
愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。
于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。
这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。
........2.(1)只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要填补的时候，我才寂寞。
而有时在我巡回演讲后回家时，在我见了许多人，讲了许多话。
且经历多得需要清理时，我才寂寞。
(2)于是有那么小会儿感觉房子又大又空，我都不知道我的自我藏在哪儿了。
于是我会给植物浇浇水，或者将它们再挨个儿瞅瞅，好像它们是人一样。
这样我才慢慢地重新找回自我。
(3)好大一会儿，我看着水浪花从喷泉中涌出，但只有当世界在我身边逐渐消逝时，那一时刻才会到来，自我又从内心深处的无意识中冒出来，带来我最近的种种经历，让我探究，慢慢领会。
3.(`1)第二天清早，她起早出了门。
她走进批发行商业区，但是每当她走到一个商号，打算进去找工作时，她的勇气就消失了。
她心里骂自己是胆小鬼，所以她继续往前走，走了又走，最后终于走进了一家商号。
结果还是老样子。
她出来时感到命运在和她作对，因此一切努力都是徒劳的。
(2)她不知不觉中来到一个大商场，门口有成群的顾客。
这些立刻使她改变了想法。
她原先就是打算到这里来买新衣服的。
现在为了解愁，她决定进去瞧瞧。
她很想看看那些外套。
有时，一个人尽管想买东西，可是又因心里拿不定主意，所以在心里不断掂量权衡。
世界上再没有比这种中间状态更令人愉悦了。
4.深圳大学学术交流中心是深圳大学唯一的一所涉外宾馆。
中心建筑风格独特，安静而且安全。
拥有各种普通、标准、豪华客房140余间，可同时接纳350多名客人入住。
2008专八翻译.
英译中：
• 本文选自朱厄特的文章《新生活》 • The New Life by Sarah Jewett • 萨拉•奥恩•朱厄特 (Sarah Orne Jewett, 18491909) 生于缅因州南贝里克镇，十几岁时就已开 始写作。初期写的短篇，收集在《深港》里 (Deephaven, 1877)，出版后反应良好，其后又写 了一些短篇，几部小说和诗歌，大部写的都是缅 因州的生活。一八九六年出版的《针枞之乡》 (The Country of the Pointed Firs)是她最著名的作 品。
பைடு நூலகம்
参考译文
• 但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样，当他们最终结 婚后，发现最憧憬的生活变得再实际不过了。他们非但没 有分担各自原先的责任---正如那些学生们所说"一半一半"， 相反却发现生活的重担加倍了。这使得我们那两个结婚的 朋友时常觉得沮丧；他们突然发现自己并没有过着天堂般 的生活而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上，而且成为了新规 则和新约束的奴隶。生活并没有比以前更自由、更幸福， 因为他们要去承担新的责任。既然成立了一个新的家庭， 那就无论如何也要尽一点家庭的义务。他们深情地回想起 订婚的那段时光，曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此而忘掉这个世 界，然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是这个世界的一份 子。
中译英：
• 中文作者：梁晓声 • 标题：《心灵的花园》 • 本文选自英文报Shanghai Daily 翻译大奖 赛 第11期 （07年8月）
• 都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高。今后将更高。拥有一 个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦 想。 • 我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。 人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和 动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有 内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一 种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。 每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至 于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及 至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。
01-14年专八汉译英(附答案)
01到14年专八汉译英真题及答案：2014年本题是一篇典型的文学翻译，原文选自老舍名篇《我的母亲》。
老舍的作品生活气息浓郁，语言朴实直白。
因此，在翻译本篇时不仅要注意忠实于文字意义，更要忠实地再现原文的语言风格，所以要避免用过于高级的词汇表达和句子结构，用平实的语句表达出原文的精神面貌。
当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。
我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。
可是，我也愿意升学。
我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。
只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。
入学，要交十圆的保证金。
这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。
她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。
当我由师范毕业，而被派为小学校校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。
我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。
参考译文：After I graduated from primary school，relatives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress，I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms，books，room and board. To enter the school，I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However，after two weeks' tough effort，mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears afterwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation，mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her，"you can have a rest in the future." but she replied nothing，only with tears streaming down her face.2013年生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。
08级本科翻译——拟声词
如果把“泉水淙淙”改为“泉水淙” 则该句在意 如果把“泉水淙淙”改为“泉水淙”,则该句在意 义和语法上都变得残缺不全、不伦不类。 义和语法上都变得残缺不全、不伦不类。此外 ,汉 汉 语中的 AB 式拟声词一般都具有完整的语义 ,是不 是不 ”“、 可分割的独立整体 ,如“噗唧”“、呼哧”等。 如 噗唧”“ 呼哧” 4 ) ABCD 式结构。只有汉语拟声词有这种 式结构。 结构。例如“哔嘀叭哒” 雨点落地声 雨点落地声) 结构。例如“哔嘀叭哒”(雨点落地声 ，“壁哧啪 泥水中行走声) 齐哩咔嚓” 折断 喳”(破碎声 ,泥水中行走声 ，“齐哩咔嚓”(折断 破碎声 泥水中行走声 稀里呼噜” 迅速吃饭声 人群移动声 人群移动声) 声) ，“稀里呼噜”(迅速吃饭声 ,人群移动声 ， 稀零哗啷” 铁链声 摇铃声 等等 摇铃声) 等等。 “稀零哗啷”(铁链声 ,摇铃声 ,等等。 5 ）ABC式结构。这种结构只存在于英语拟声词当 式结构。 式结构 咚咚的鼓声) 中。例如 ,rub-a-dub(咚咚的鼓声 、rat-a-tat(砰砰 咚咚的鼓声 砰砰 的敲门声) 滴滴答答的脚步声) 等等。 的敲门声 、pit-a-pat (滴滴答答的脚步声 ,等等。 滴滴答答的脚步声 等等
2 ) AA 式结构。AA 式结构也同时存在于汉 式结构。 语拟声词和英语拟声词之中。 语拟声词和英语拟声词之中。在汉语中 ,AA 式拟 声词有“匡匡” 金属响声 、潺潺” 流水声 、 金属响声) 流水声) 声词有“匡匡”(金属响声 “、潺潺”(流水声 “、 飒飒” 风声 、霍霍” 磨刀声 风声) 磨刀声)等 飒飒”(风声 “、霍霍”(磨刀声 等。在英语 噼噼啪啪) 中 ,AA 式拟声词有 crack-crack (噼噼啪啪 、puff噼噼啪啪 puff (扑扑 扑扑)tick-tick(滴答 、zip-zip(飕飕 等。 滴答) 飕飕)等 扑扑 滴答 飕飕 3) AB 式结构。AB 式同样是汉语、英语共同拥有 式结构。 式同样是汉语、 的拟声词结构。 我们可以找到“ 的拟声词结构。在汉语中 ,我们可以找到“吧 我们可以找到 赤足走路声) 金属撞击声) 唧”(赤足走路声 “、梆啷”(金属撞击声 “、嘎 赤足走路声 、梆啷” 金属撞击声 、 物体受压声) 抽出刀剑声)等拟声 吱”(物体受压声 “、呛啷”(抽出刀剑声 等拟声 物体受压声 、呛啷” 抽出刀剑声 词。在英语中 ,人们也不难发现 ding-dong (叮叮当 人们也不难发现 叮叮当 啪哒啪哒) 当) 、pitter-patter (啪哒啪哒 、snip-snap (嘁嘁喳 啪哒啪哒 嘁嘁喳 劈劈啪啪)等拟声词 喳) 、splish-splosh(劈劈啪啪 等拟声词。虽然汉语、 劈劈啪啪 等拟声词。虽然汉语、 英语拟声词中都有 A 式、AA 式和 AB 式结构 ,
2008年英语专业八级考试翻译
看2008年TEM8真题参考答案TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS（2008）TIME LIMIT: 195MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI -LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. You notes will not be market, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task for after the mini- lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task onANSWER SHEET ONE.Use the blank sheet for note- tanking. SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview1. Mary doesn't seem to favour the idea of a new airport becauseA. the existing airports are to be wastedB. more people will be encouraged to travel.C. more oil will be consumed.D. more airplanes will be purchased.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Mary as a potential disadvantage?A. More people in the area.B. Noise and motorways.C. Waste of land.D. Unnecessary travel.3. Freddy has cited the following advantages for a new airport EXCEPTA. more job opportunities.B. vitality to the local economy.C. road construction,D. presence of aircrew in the area.4. Mary thinks that people dont need to do much travel nowadays as a result ofA. less emphasis on personal contact.B. advances in modern telecommunications.C. recent changes in peoples concepts.D. more potential damage to the area5. We learn from the conversation that Freddy is Marys ideas,A. strongly in favour ofB. mildly in favour ofC. strongly againstD. mildly againstSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. A new government was formed after Sundays elections.B. The new government intends to change the welfare system.C. The Social Democratic Party founded the welfare system.D. The Social Democratic Party was responsible for high unemployment.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. The tapes of the Apollo-11 mission were first stored inA. a U.S. government archives warehouse.B. a NASA ground tracking station.C. the Goddard Space Flight Centre.D. none of the above places.8. What does the news item say about Richard Nafzger?A. He is assigned the task to look for the B. He believes that the tapes are probably lost.C. He works in a NASA ground receiving site.D. He had asked for the tapes in the 1970s.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.9. The example in the news item is cited mainly to showA. that doctors are sometimes professionally incompetentB. that in cases like that hospitals have to pay huge compensations.C. that language barriers might lower the quality of treatment.D. that language barriers can result in fatal consequences.10. According to Dr. Flores, hospitals and clinicsA. have seen the need for hiring trained interpreters.B. have realized the problems of language barriers.C. have begun training their staff to be bilinguals.D. have taken steps to provide accurate diagnosis.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheetTEXT AAt the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joons life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p.m. After dinner, its time to hit the books again—at one of Seouls many so-called cram schools. Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning, sleeps less than five hours, then repeats the routine—five days a week. Its a grueling schedule, but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a top university. Some of his classmates study even harder.South Koreas education system has long been highly competitive. But for Lee and the other 700,000 high-school sophomores in the country, high-school studies have gotten even more intense. Thats because South Korea has conceived a new college-entrance system, which will be implemented in 2008. This years 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by the new admissions standard, which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwide SAT-style and other selection tests, which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges.The change was made mostly to reduce what the government says is a growing education gap in the country: wealthy students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs, keeping the children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the new system has had the opposite effect. Before, students didnt worry too much about their grade-point averages; the big challenge was beating he standardized tests as high-school seniors. Now students are competing against one another over a three-year period, and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.Parents and kids have sent thousands of angry online letters to the Education Ministry complaining that the new admissions standard is setting students against each other. "One can succeed only when others fail,” as one parent said.Education experts say that South Koreas public secondary-school system is foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the countrys high schools are almost uniformly mediocre—the result of an egalitarian government education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government, even the brightest students typically have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred on average students. To make up for the mediocrity, zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cramschools. Students in affluent southern Seoul neighbourhoods complain that the new system will hurt them the most.Nearly all Korean high schools will be weighted equally in the college-entrance process, and relatively weak students in provincial schools, who may not score well on standardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages.Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly complain that they cannot select the best students under the new system because it eliminates differences among high schools. Theyve asked for more discretion in picking students by giving more weight to such screening tools as essay writing or interviews.President Roh Moo Hyun doesnt like how some colleges are trying to circumvent the new system. He recently criticized "greedy" universities that focus more on finding the best students than faying to "nurture good students". But amid the crossfire between the government and universities, the countrys 10th graders are feeling the stress. On online protest sites, some are calling themselves a “cursed generation” and “mice in a lab experiment”. It all seems a touch melodramatic, but thats the South Korean school system.11. According to the passage, the new college-entrance system is designed toA. require students to sit for more college-entrance tests.B. reduce the weight of college-entrance tests. C. select students on their high school grades only.D. reduce the number of prospective college applicants.12. What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?A. The system has given equal opportunities to students.B. The system has reduced the number of cram schools.C. The system has intensified competition among schools.D. The system has increased students study load.13. According to critics, the popularity of private education is mainly the result ofA. the governments egalitarian policy.B. insufficient number of schools:C. curriculums of average quality.D. low cost of private education.14. According to the passage, there seems to be disagreement over the adoption of the new system between the following groups EXCEPTA. between universities and the government.B. between school experts and the government.C. between parents and schools.D. between parents and the government.15. Which of the following adjectives best describes the authors treatment of the topic?A. Objective.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Biased.TEXT BWilfred Emmanuel-Jones was a teenager before he saw his first cow in his first field. Born in Jamaica, the 47-year-old grew up in inner-city Birmingham before making a career as a television producer and launching his own marketing agency. But deep down he always nurtured every true Englishmans dream of a rustic life, a dream that his entrepreneurial wealth has allowed him to satisfy. These days hes the owner of a thriving 12-hectare farm in deepest Devon with cattle, sheep and pigs. His latest business venture: pushing his brand of Black Fanner gourmet sausages and barbecue sauces. “My background may be very urban,” says Emmanuel-Jones.“But it has given me a good idea of what other urbanites want.”And of how to sell it. Emmanuel-Jones joins a herd of wealthy fugitives from city life who are bringing a new commercial know-how to British farming. Britains burgeoning farmers markets -numbers have doubled to at least 500 in the last five years—swarm with specialty cheesemakers, beekeepers or organic smallholders who are redeploying the business skills they learned in the city. "Everyone in the rural community has tocome to terms with the fact that things have changed." Says Emmanuel-Jones. "You can produce the best food in the world, but if you dont know how to market it, you are wasting your time. We are helping the traditionalists to move on."The emergence of the new class of superpeasants reflects some old yearnings. If the British were the first nation to industrialize, they were also the first to head back to the land. "There is this romantic image of the countryside that is particularly English," says Alun Howkins of the University of Sussex, who reckons the population of rural England has been rising since 1911. Migration into rural areas is now running at about 100,000a year, and the hunger for a taste of the rural life has kept land prices buoyant even as agricultural incomes tumble. About 40 percent of all farmland is now sold to "lifestyle buyers" rather than thedwindling number of traditional farmers, according to the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.Whats new about the latest returnees is their affluence and zeal for the business of producing quality foods, if only at a micro-level. A healthy economy and surging London house prices have helped to ease the escape of the would-be rustics. The media recognize and feed the fantasy. One of the big TV hits of recent years, the "RiverCottage" series, chronicled the attempts of a London chef to run his own Dorset farm. Naturally, the newcomers cant hope to match their City salaries, but many are happy to trade any loss of income for the extra job satisfaction. Who cares if theres no six-figure annual bonus when the land offers other incalculable compensations?Besides, the specialist producers can at least depend on a burgeoning market for their products. Todays eco-aware generation loves to seek out authentic ingredients. "People like me may be making a difference in a small way," Jan McCourt, a onetime investment banker now running his own 40-hectare spread in the English Midlands stocked with rare breeds.Optimists see signs of far-reaching change: Britain isnt catching up with mainland Europe; its leading the way. “Unlike most other countries, where artisanal food production is being eroded, here it is being recovered," says food writer Matthew Fort. “It may be the mark of the next stage of civilization that we re discover the desirability of being a peasant.” And not an investment banker.16. Which of the following details of Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones is INCORRECT?A. He was born and brought up in Birmingham.B. He used to work in the television industry.C. He is wealthy, adventurous and aspiring.D. He is now selling his own quality foods.17. Most importantly, people like Wilfred have brought to traditional British farmingA. knowledge of farming.B. knowledge of brand names.C. knowledge of lifestyle.D. knowledge of marketing,18. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the emergence of a new class of farmers?A. Strong desire for country life.B. Longing for greater wealth,C. Influence of TV productions.D. Enthusiasm for quality food business.19. What is seen as their additional source of new income?A. Modern tendency to buy natural foods.B. Increase in the value of land property.C. Raising and selling rare live stock. VD. Publicity as a result of media coverage.20. The sentence in the last paragraph “...Britain isnt catching up with mainland Europe; its leading the way" implies thatA. Britain has taken a different path to boost economy.B. more authentic foods are being produced in Britain.C. the British are heading back to the countryside.D. the Europeans are showing great interest in country TEXT CIn Barcelona the Catalonians call them castells, but these arent stereotypical castles in Spain. These castles are made up of human beings, not stone. The people who perform this agile feat of acrobatics are called castellers, and to see their towers take shape is to observe a marvel of human cooperation.First the castellers form what looks like a gigantic rugby scrummage. They are the foundation blocks of the castle. Behind them, other people press together, formingoutward-radiating ramparts of inward-pushing muscle: flying buttresses for the castle. Then sturdy but lighter castellers scramble over the backs of those at the bottom and stand, barefoot, on their shoulders—then still others, each time adding a higher "story".These human towers can rise higher than small apartment buildings: nine “stories”, 35 feet into the air. Then, just When it seems this tower of humanity cant defy gravity any longer, a little kid emerges from the crowd and climbs straight up to the top.Arms extended, the child grins while waving to the cheering crowd far below.Dressed in their traditional costumes, the castellers seem to epitomize an easier time, before Barcelona became a world metropolis arid the Mediterraneans most dynamic city. But when you observe-them tip close, in their street clothes, at practice, you see theres nothing easy about what the castellers do - and that they are not merely reenacting an ancient ritual.None of the castellers can-give a logical answer as to why they love doing this. But Victor Luna, 16, touches me on the shoulder and says in English: "We do it because its beautiful. We do it because we are Catalan."Barcelona’s mother tongue is Catalan, and to understand Barcelona, you must understand two words of Catalan: seny and rauxa. Seny pretty much translates as common sense, or the ability to make money, arrange things, and get things done. Rauxa is reminiscent of our words “raucous” and “ruckus”.What makes the castellers revealing of the city is that they embody rauxa and seny. The idea of a human castle is rauxa—it defies common sense—but to watch one going up is to see seny in action. Success is based on everyone working together to achieve a shared goal.The success of Carlos Tusquets bank, Fibanc, shows seny at work in everyday life. The bank started as a family concern and now employs hundreds. Tusquets said it exemplifies how the economy in Barcelona is different.Entrepreneurial seny demonstrates why Barcelona and Catalonia—the ancient region of which Barcelona is the capital—are distinct from the rest of Spain yet essential to Spains emergence, after centuries of repression, as a prosperous, democratic Europeancountry. Catalonia, with Barcelona as its dynamo, has turned into an economic powerhouse. Making up 6 percent of Spain’s territory, with a sixth of its p eople, it accounts for nearly a quarter of Spains production—everything from textiles to computers—even though the rest of Spain has been enjoying its own economic miracle.Hand in hand with seny goes rauxa, and theres no better place to see rauxa in action than on the Ramblas, the venerable, tree-shaded boulevard that, in gentle stages, leads you from the centre of Barcelona down to the port. There are two narrow lanes each way for cars and motorbikes, but it’s the wide centre walkway that makes the Ramblas a front-row seat for Barcelonas longest running theatrical event. Plastic armchairs are set out on the sidewalk. Sit in one of them, and an attendant will come and charge you a small fee. Performance artists throng the Ramblas—stilt walkers, witches caked in charcoal dust, Elvis impersonators. But the real stars are the old women and happily playing children, millionaires on motorbikes, and pimps andwomen who, upon closer inspection, prove not to be.Aficionados (Fans) of Barcelona love to c ompare notes: “Last night there was a man standing on the balcony of his hotel room,” Mariana Bertagnolli, an Italian photographer, told me. "The balcony was on the second floor. He was naked, and he was talkinginto a cell phone."There you have it, Barcelonas essence. The man is naked (rauxa), but he is talking into a cell phone (seny).21. From the description in the passage, we learn thatA. all Catalonians can perform castells.B. castells require performers to stand on each other.C. people perform castells in different formations.D. in castells people have to push and pull each other.22. According to the passage, the4mplication of the performance is thatA. the Catalonians are insensible and noisy people.B. the Catalonians show more sense than is expected.C. the Catalonians display paradoxical characteristics.D. the Catalonians think highly of team work.23. The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT __________ to show seny at work.A. development of a bankB. dynamic role in economyC. contribution to national economyD. comparison with other regions24. In the last but two paragraph, the Ramblas is described as “a front-row seat for Barcelona’s longest running theatrical event”. Wh at does it mean?A. On the Ramblas people can see a greater variety of performances.B. The Ramblas provides many front seats for the performances.C. The Ramblas is preferred as an important venue for the events.D. Theatrical performers like to perform on the Ramblas.25. What is the main impression of the scenes on the Ramblas?A. It is bizarre and Outlandish.B. It is of average quality.C. It is conventional and quiet.D. It is of professional standard.TEXT DThe law firm Patrick worked for before he died filed for bankruptcy protection a year after his funeral. After his death, the firms letterhead properly included him: Patrick S. Lanigan,1954-1992. He was listed up in the right-hand corner, just above the paralegals. Then the rumors got started and wouldnt stop. Before long, everyone believed he had taken the money and disappeared. After three months, no one on the Gulf Coast believed that he was dead. His name came off the letterheadas the debts piled The remaining partners in the law firm were still together, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages and the bank notes, back when they were rolling and on the verge of serious wealth. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy. Since Patricks departure, they had tried every possible way to divorce one another, but nothing would work. Two were raging alcoholics who drank at the office behind locked doors, but nevertogether. The other two were in recovery, still teetering on the brink of sobriety.He took their money. Their millions. Money they had already spent long before it arrived, as only lawyers can do. Money for their richly renovated office building in downtown Biloxi. Money for new homes, yachts, condos in the Caribbean. The money was on the way, approved, the papers signed, orders entered; they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner—Patrick—snatched it at the last possible second.He was dead. They buried him on February 11, 1992. They had consoled the widow and put his rotten name on their handsome letterhead. Yet six weeks later, he somehow stole their money.They had brawled over who was to blame. Charles Bogan, the firms senior partner and its iron hand, had insisted the money be wired from its source into a new account offshore, and this made sense after some discussion. It was ninety million bucks,a third of which the firm would keep, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand. Someone at the bank would talk. Soon everyone would know. All four vowed secrecy, even as they made plans to display as much of their new wealth as possible. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.So Bogan took his share of the blame. At forty-nine, he was the oldest of the four, and, at the moment, the most stable. He was also responsible for hiring Patrick nine years earlier, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.Doug Vitrano, the litigator, had made the fateful decision to recommend Patrick as the fifth partner. The other three had agreed, and when Patrick Lanigan was added to the firm name, he had access to virtually every file in the office. Bogan, Rapley, Vitrano, Havarac, and Lanigan,Attorneys and Counselors-at-Law. A large ad in the yellow pages claimed "Specialists in Offshore Injuries." Specialists or not, like most firms theywould take almost anything if the fees were lucrative. Lots of secretaries and paralegals. Big overhead, and the strongest political connections on the Coast.They were all in their mid- to late forties. Havarac had been raised by his father on a shrimp boat. His hands were still proudly calloused, and he dreamed of choking Patrick until his neck snapped. Rapley was severely depressed and seldom left his home, where he wrote briefs in a dark office in the attic.26. What happened to the four remaining lawyers after Patricks disappearance?A. They all wanted to divorce their wives.B. They were all heavily involved in debts.C. They were all recovering from drinking.D. They had bought new homes, yachts, etc.27. Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?A. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.B. …they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner...C. …, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages...D. …, and for this he had received no small amount of gr ief.28. According to the passage, what is the main cause of Patrick stealing the money?A. Patrick was made a partner of the firm.B. The partners agreed to have the money C. Patrick had access to all the files in the firm.D. Bogan decided to hire Patrick nine years earlier.29. The lawyers were described as being all the following EXCEPTA. greedy.B. extravagantC. quarrelsome.D. bad-tempered.30. Which of the following implies a contrast?A. …, an d it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand.B. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy.C. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.D. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet31. The largest city in Canada isA. Vancouver.B. Montreal.C. TorontoD. Ottawa.32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested inA. the Federal Government.B. the Supreme Court.C. the Cabinet.D. the Congress.33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand isA. the President.B. the Governor-General.C. the British monarch,D. the Prime Minister.35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work byA. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th -century Britain EXCEPTA. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Lessing.D. Muriel Spark.38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?A. A simple sentence.B. A coordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence.D. None of the 40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is calledA. hyponymy.B. synonymy.C. polysemy.D. homonymy.PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高，今后将更高。
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三、 Appositive clauses:同位语从句
1. Apposition, a state of affairs in grammar in which one simple sentence contains two or more noun phrases that describe the same person or thing and are used in the same way, appears more frequently in English than in Chinese. The following methods are usually used to translate appositive clauses. Keeping to the original order: 1. He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望能再来中国访问。 2. We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。 3. She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly. 她不明白自己为什么突然想到了他。
英汉句子翻译
一、Objective Clauses:宾语从句
Generally speaking, there is no need to change the position of the object clause in translation. However, in some cases, when “it” functions as the formal object of a complex sentence, or sometimes, preceded by a preposition, a change of order is necessary. 1．I understand that he is well qualified, but I feel that he needs more experience. 我知道他完全够条件，但我觉得他需要更多的经验。 2. I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him. 我理所当然的认为， 你会来跟他谈这件事的。 3. I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 我被选参加会议， 感到十分荣幸。
4. Changing the relation between the noun and the appositive clause, the noun being converted into a verb. 1. An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the sky-lab should be sent back. 已下命令将现在在航天实验室里的研究人员送回来。 2. Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error. 即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的 实验结果。 3. However, the writing of chemical symbols(化学符号) in the form of an equation(等式) does not give any assurance that the reaction shown will actually occur. 但是将化学符号写成反应式， 并不意味着所表示的 反应确实会发生。
3. Using punctuation marks or specific words: Punctuation marks such as colon冒号, dash 破折号or such expressions as “这样”, “这种”， “即” etc. , are usually used to introduce appositive clauses. 1．But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实地考虑一下， 我们不得不承认这样一个事 实：我们的前景并不妙。 2. The fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the center of the earth explains many things. 地球引力把一切东西都吸引向地心这一事实解释了许 多现象。 3. Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this “waste” material could be turned into plastics. 不久前， 科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现， 即可 以把这种废物变为塑料。
2. Converted into an attributive clause（定语从句） or an independent clause: 1．Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored. 然而， 从一开始， 我仍活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视 了。 2. They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender. 对于他宁愿自杀也不投降这种假设， 他们是很怀疑的。 3．It doesn’t alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 延迟应由他负责， 这个事实是改变不了的。
二、Predicative Clauses:表语从句
English predicative clauses, like object clauses, are generally translated without changing their original position. 1. This is where the shoe pinches. 这就是问题的症结所在。 2. Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。 3. His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him. 他对新闻界的看法是， 记者们不是支持他， 就是反 对他。