2012.12.8 研究生基础英语试卷
湖南科技大学研究生考试试题纸
课程名称：__ 基础英语__开课学院：外国语
上课专业：人文、马院、管理、教育、体育、化工等年级：2012 学生人数：
命题教师：朱诗花审核人：考试形式：闭卷
考试时间：2012 至2013 学年第 1 学期考试时量：120 分钟
Ⅰ. Multiple Choices (1*20=20’)
Part A
Direction: choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the italicized part of each sentence.
1.I don’t know anything about art, and I haven’t met an y grand pe ople, and I don’t go to a good tailor, and all th at , I’m not what he calls from top-drawe r society.
A. highest
B. lowest
C. outstanding
D. important
2. While watching TV to kill time at night, he draped his legs over the arm of the chair and made himself as comfortable and relaxed as he possibly could.
A. covered
B. arranged
C. hu ng
D. dwelled
3. Skills of the George Washington University medical team, plus his amazing determination and the grit and spirit of his wife, Sarah, pulled Jim through.
A. loyalty
B. coura ge
C. ambition
D. patience
4. Dona’s having a bridal shower for Julie next week. Now she is busy preparing presents and inviting friends.
A. washing
B. party
C. rain
D. water
5. The downside was that I felt pretty intimidated.
A. very close
B. very intimate
C. rather frightened
D. humiliated
6. Don’t cling to your old ideas. Be ready to entertain some new ones, otherwise you will always lag behind others
A. put forward to
B. hold on to
C. run to
D. put up to
7. In order to finish the task in time, he was out in the rain all day and this brought on a bad cold.
A. resulted from
B. resulted in
C. brought up
D. gave up
8. The play shows that Americans have an embarrassment of riches and a paucity of spirituality and morality, focusing on the disillusionment of the American Dream.
A. deficiency
B. scarcity
C. inadequacy
D. deficit
9. Moves to change the way key resources should be allocated have sparkled a rise in turf battle, which could hinder the Internet’s growth as a global information infrastructure.
A. control
B. retard
C. obstruct
D. decrease
10. Video game markers scoff at the notion that their product can cause a psychiatric disorder.
A. shout
B. scream
C. aim
D. mock
11. From the beginning, I hated the way he talked, his whining voice and his vulgar accent.
A. refined
B. rude
C. decent
D. strange
12. To her consternation, she realized that what she had said was true, that a woman couldn’t hide love.
A. shock
B. fascination
C. estimation
D. enjoyment
13. The chemistry between Hepburn and Tracy is obvious. One can easily observe their love
A. similarity
B. branch of science
C. difference
D. attraction
14. The increase in the national debt stems from the last war, which deconstructed and demoralized the country.
A. originates
B. roots
C. booms
D. transmits
15. He saw through all the sham of this club life, the meanness of this worship of success.
A. facet
B. falsity
C. faction
D. fallacy
16. Such products also provide secure application gateways that add value, such as user authentication.
A. administration
B. verification
C. stimulation
D. contemplation
17. In the sentence” Now and then a man exquisitely made can live alone, and must; but coop up most men and you undo them...” the underlined part means .
A. But for most men, if they are confined in a place, they will be destroyed.
B. Keep most men in a hole, and they will get out of it by themselves.
C. But for most men, if they are confined in a place, they will be set free.
D. Keep most men in a coop, and they will be set free.
Part B
Direction: Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in the brackets.
18. Choose the right sentence.
A. Someone has left their purse on the bus.
B. nowadays cars have bought his owners both great convenience and great trouble.
C. Mary and Joe are so exhausted that she thinks she can sleep until bedtime tomorrow.
D. I lifted the pot of hot potatoes carefully, but it slipped out of my hand.
19. Choose the right sentence.
A. James repeatedly failed the math quiz, he decided to drop the course.
B. I have no idea that when she will come back.
C. I know the school which my nephew is learning English.
D. it has been three years since I moved into this apartment.
20. Choose the wrong statement.
A. “The mystical meanings that the Bible lays upon the word. Word are not embraced by everyone” can be paraphrased as the following: The W ord is the word used in the Bible, so its meaning is related to religion. Therefore, not everyone can understand it.
B.I n the sentence “What is surprising is that in the common give and take of daily living, people still rely so little upon the verbal langu age that distinguishes them from the beasts. ”, “give and take of daily living s” means “exchange of everyday food”
C. B y quoting “He winketh with his eyes, he speakth with his feet, he teacheth with his fingers”, the author means that in most cases hum an communication is nonverbal.
D. T he sentence “Even today those principles hold good for Christian employees” can translated into “时至今天，这些原则对基督徒雇员仍然有效”。
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (2*10=20’)
Directions: Read the following two passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage one PEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS: THE SELECTION ISSUE
A In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 British companies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-mortem analysis is traditionally undertaken by accountants and market strategists. Unarguably organizations do fail because of under capitalization, poor financial management, adverse market conditions etc. Yet, conversely, organizations with sound financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen often underperform and fail to meet shareholders' expectations. The complexity, degree and sustainment of organizational performance requires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet and the "paper conversion" of financial inputs into profit making outputs. A more complete explanation of "what went wrong" necessarily must consider the essence of what an organization actually is and that one of the financial inputs, the most important and often the most expensive, is people.
B An organization is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition to acquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection.
C Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in a particular organizational setting. The individual has to "fit" in with the work environment, with other employees, with the organizational climate, style or work, organization and culture of the organization. Different organizations have different cultures (Cartwright & Cooper, 1991; 1992). Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience to working in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey.
D Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman are about ￡ 20,000 (approx. US$ 30,000). The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit (PE-fit) is likely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organizational commitment and employee stress, which affect organizational outcomes i.e. productivity, high labor turnover and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i.e. physical, psychological and mental well-being.
E However, despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticated and more objective selection techniques available, including the use of psychometric tests, assessment centers etc., many organizations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, the interviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial "accept" or "reject" decision. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor predictor of future job performance and fares little better that more controversial methods like graphology and astrology. In times of high unemployment, recruitment becomes a "buyer's market" and this was the case in Britain during the 1980s.
F The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and economic trends in the European community show that Europe's population is falling and getting older, The birth rate
in the Community is now only three-quarters of the level needed to ensure replacement of the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted that more than one in four Europeans will be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be under 20. In a five-year period between 1983 and 1988 the Community's female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51% of all women aged
14 to 64 are now economically active in the labor market compared with 78% of men.
G The changing demographics will not only affect selection ratios. They will also make it increasingly important for organizations wishing to maintain their competitive edge to be more responsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain and develop their human resources. More flexible working hours, the opportunity of work from home or job share, the provision of childcare facilities etc., will play a major role in attracting and retaining staff in the future.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the Passage?
YES if the statement agrees with the writer
NO if the statement does not agree with the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
1. Organizations should recognize that their employees are a significant part of their financial assets.
2. Open-structured 45 minute interviews are the best method to identify suitable employees.
3. The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a positive trend.
4. Graphology is a good predictor of future fob performance.
5. In the future, the number of people in employable age groups will decline.
6. In 2020, the percentage of the population under 20 will be smaller than now.
Questions 7-10
Complete the notes below with words taken from the Passage. Use NO MORE THAN
ONE or TWO WORDS for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.
Passage two The 6 must-have Friends
Friends are like shoes -- and not just because both pals and the perfect pair of pumps can bring you profound joy. Friendship experts agree: Just as your favorite old sneakers aren't perfect for every occasion, neither is every friend. It's crucial to have a colorful assortment of friends -- from comfy
to professional -- to match the varied parts of your life.
Says Jessica, 31, of Dix Hills, New York, "When I feel low, I always think, 'Well, I have a friend who is this and a friend who is that -- the super-successful impressive friend, the crazy creative friend, the beyond-loyal friend, the since-seventh-grade friend' -- and it makes me feel better to be able to say, 'I am so good at having friends that I've got them in all different shapes and sizes!'" Why else are multiple friendships so important? What are some key friendships to foster? And what's the best way to do that when we're always so on the go?
"When we're younger, it's fine to have one or two all-purpose friends," says Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You're Not a Kid Anymore (Rodale, 2004). "But as adults, when our lives and needs and interests become more complex, we need a diverse group of friends who cover all of our dimensions."
Just as you can't expect your great black loafers to work with a strappy sundress, you can't expect your single friend to discuss at length the ins and outs of diaper rash. "It's unrealistic to expect one friend to offer everything," says Jan Yager, PhD, author of Who's That Sitting at My Desk? Workship, Friendship, or Foe?(Hannacroix Creek, 2004). "You're drawing on the strengths and benefits that each one offers, not trying to mold someone into something she isn't."
Seeing different friendships for what they are can preserve and prolong them, as Eleanor, 38, of Syracuse, New York, discovered. "I have a dear friend who's great about doing things only a close friend will, like helping me move," she says. But Eleanor found it frustrating to confide in her pal about her single-woman hardships. "I hated her cool, no-nonsense responses -- she'd basically tell me I just needed to 'get over it.' I would think, 'She has no idea what it's like!' But then it hit me -- her very long-term boyfriend became her husband. She actually does have no idea what it's like!" Since then, Eleanor says, "I've learned to appreciate what we do share: frustrations with work and politics, similar senses of humor. Now I know she's not the one to call about dating blues. I have plenty of other girlfriends who relate to that!"
The Well-Rounded Friends
So what are the five types of friends that will round out your social wardrobe?
The Work Friend. This relationship is so important that Dr. Yager coined a term for it: a "workship." Having an office pal, she says, "boosts productivity, makes the day go faster, and work more fun." Sylvia, 36, of Brookline, Massachusetts, says her workship is the only reason she survives her "heinous job" at all. "She saves my life every day. We bitch about our boss, fantasize about changes we'd make if we overthrew her, share dirt on who's good to work with and who's not.
And we laugh," Sylvia says. "My husband commiserates when I come home, sure, but he's not there."
Just be on guard: If only one of you gets that promotion, things could get uncomfortable. Try to discuss it in advance if you can. Also, if one of you happens to leave the job, the friendship still has promise, says Yager. "Workships often blossom into friendships when they're no longer workships -- because then you can really let down your guard."
The Friend in Your Kid's Class. Your kids are angels, no doubt, but that doesn't mean they have an adult perspective on what's going on in school. "You absolutely need someone to help you check out whether the teacher is really that 'unfair,' the sixth-graders are really dating, or the cliques are really that bad," says Paul. For Nicole, 35, of Charleston, South Carolina, her co-mom keep her not only informed, but also less isolated. "Almost everyone is all coiffed and perfect, and I'm just talking about the kids -- so you can imagine what the moms are like," she says. "My messy self really doesn't fit in. Thank goodness for Lara, the one other mom like me, and the only one I can hang out with at the science fair."
The Friend Who's Known You Forever."This friendship is priceless," says Paul, noting that when she recently bumped into an old crush at the mall, there was only one friend she could call to giggle about it. "She keeps your memories alive by sharing them with you."
"If I met her today we might not be friends -- that's one thing I love most. She's so unlike all the friends I've made more recently," says New Yorker, Melissa, 29, of her dear childhood pal. "Other people can learn all our buzzwords and inside jokes, but she and I invented them!"
Friends you grew up with aren't just fun throwbacks; some can serve as sister stand-ins. "As a single only child with few cousins, I wonder sometimes who'll lend a hand when my parents start to need more help," says Corinne, 35, of Lexington, Massachusetts. "But I also know that my friend Lucy, who's been around since I was 2, will always be there for things like that."(to be continued)
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the Passage?
YES if the statement agrees with the writer
NO if the statement does not agree with the writer
1. You can not expect your single friend to match all of your parts of life..
2. Jessica, of Dix Hills said that it was pleasing to have all kinds of friends.
3. Having friends in the working place can improve productivity and have more fun in work.
4. Nicole of Charleston didn’t feel thankful to her co-mom for her keeping her informed and less isolated.
5. When Paul recently suddenly met someone whom she once fell in love with at the shopping
center, she called her old friend to talk about it.
6. Friends are like shoes only because both of them bring your happiness.
Questions 7-10
Answer questions 1 and 2 by writing the answers in the brackets.
7. Why are multiple friends so important? ( )
8. When will workship turn into friendship? ( )
9. What can you get from the friends in your kid’s class? ( )
10. What does the author mean by saying “I am so good at having friends that I’ve got them in all different shapes and sizes”? ( )
Ⅲ. Cloze (1*10=10’)
Direction: Read the following passage carefully and choose the best word given below to fill in each blank. Change the form where necessary.
Ⅳ. Translation (30’)
Section A
Direction: Choose seven Chinese sentences from below, and translate them into English.
(3*7=21’)
1.这项研究表明神经系统好比一部电话交换机.(be likened to)
2.让外国游客理解与当地人沟通时可能涉及到的文化因素是很困难的。（get across）
3.她不停地对自己说，不管怎样，这很可能是一场误会，没什么大不了的。( in any case)
4.这次会议肩负着重大的历史责任，必然将对该组织的发展产生深远影响。（be destined to）
5.我八岁就开始投身新闻工作啦，这是我母亲的主意。（embark on）
6.由于繁忙的日程安排，我的社交生活已经减少到几乎没有。(dwindle)
7.奥巴马的总统候选人身份最吸引人之处在于他在美国历史上是独一无二的。(unique)
8.本保证不适用于事故或适用不当对机器所造成的损坏。
9.一个合格的执行总裁应该了解各种经济政策以及资源的最优配置。
10.好的婚姻是双方的共同成长和个体的成长。
Section B
Direction: Choose one English sentence from below, and translate them into Chinese. (9’)
1. People indulge in nonverbal communication not basically to be clever or devious but because these ways of communicating are deeply embedded in the habits of the species and automatically transmitted by all cultures. So says Anthropologist Ray Birdwhistell, a pioneer in the study of kinesics, as body language is called. Other experts point out that signaling by movement occurred among lizards and birds, as well as other creatures, even before mammals emerged.
2. The truth of the matter is, that neither he who is a fop in the world is a fit man to be alone; nor he who has set his heart much upon the world, though he has never so much understanding: so that solitude can be well fitted and sit right but upon a very few persons. They must have enough knowledge of the world to see the vanity of it, and enough virtue to despise all vanity; if the mind be possessed with any lust or passion, a man had better be in a fair than in a wood alone.
V. Writing (20’)
Direction: You have to choose one to write. In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should brig what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
1. An English newspaper is currently running a discussion on whether the class attendance should (not) be required in Chinese universities today. Some of the graduate students argue that it’s their freedom to making a choice of attending the class or not if they can achieve the same academic success outside the classroom. Others don’t. And the newspaper is inviting contributions from graduate students, You have been asked to write at least 200 words for the newspaper to air your view.
You should supply a title for your article.
2. All of us would agree that in order to be successful in the present-day society and become a celebrity, we have to possess certain personal qualities that can enable us to realize our aims. What do you think is the most important personal quality of a celebrity? Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:
The Most Important Personal Quality of a Celebrity
3. Friendship is very important to us. We make friends in life. Write a composition of at least 200 words to tell us how you make and keep friends.
You should supply a title for your article.
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