(完整word版)阅读理解认识总分总结构
语文阅读理解归类
语文阅读理解归类语文阅读理解是语文教学中的重要组成部分，它不仅能够锻炼学生的语言理解能力，还能提升学生的逻辑思维和分析能力。
在进行阅读理解时，我们可以将文章进行归类，以便更好地理解和分析。
以下是一些常见的归类方法：1. 按照文章类型归类- 记叙文：这类文章主要通过叙述事件来表达作者的观点和情感。
在阅读记叙文时，我们需要关注时间、地点、人物、事件等要素，以及作者通过这些要素所传达的信息。
- 议论文：议论文主要是对某一观点或问题进行分析和论证。
在阅读议论文时，要关注作者的论点、论据和论证方法，以及文章的结构和逻辑。
- 说明文：说明文的目的是解释和阐述事物的性质、特点、原因等。
在阅读说明文时，要关注文章的结构、说明方法和语言特点。
2. 按照文章内容归类- 文化类：这类文章通常涉及历史、艺术、风俗等方面的内容，需要读者有一定的文化背景知识。
- 科技类：科技类文章则关注最新的科学发现和技术进展，要求读者具备一定的科学素养。
- 社会类：社会类文章探讨的是社会现象、社会问题等，需要读者关注社会动态和时事。
3. 按照文章风格归类- 抒情风格：这类文章通常情感丰富，语言优美，能够引起读者的共鸣。
- 议论风格：议论风格的文章逻辑性强，语言严谨，旨在传达作者的观点和看法。
- 叙事风格：叙事风格的文章以叙述为主，通过讲述故事来吸引读者。
4. 按照文章结构归类- 总分总结构：文章先提出总的观点或主题，然后分点阐述，最后总结全文。
- 并列结构：文章的几个部分平行并列，各自独立，共同支撑文章的主题。
- 递进结构：文章的各个部分按照一定的逻辑顺序递进，逐步深入。
在进行阅读理解时，我们可以根据文章的特点选择合适的归类方法，这有助于我们更好地把握文章的主旨和结构，从而提高阅读理解的效率和质量。
同时，通过归类练习，我们也能够培养自己的逻辑思维和分析能力，为今后的学习和工作打下坚实的基础。
认识总分总结构
在实际应用中，需要根据不同情境和需求，灵活运用总分总结构，合理安排内容的层次和逻辑关系。
将总分总结构应用于更多领域
写作领域
在各类写作中，如论文、报告、新闻稿等，运用总分总结构可帮 助作者更好地组织思路，使文章结构严谨，逻辑清晰。
演讲领域
在演讲中，使用总分总结构可以让听众更好地理解和记忆演讲内容， 提高演讲效果。
认识总分总结构
目录
• 总分总结构概述 • 总分总结构在写作中的应用 • 总分总结构在演讲中的应用 • 总分总结构在阅读理解中的应用 • 总分总结构在日常生活中的应用 • 总结与展望
01
总分总结构概述
定义与特点
定义
清晰明了
总分总结构是一种常见的文章或演讲结构 ，包括开头总结（总）、中间详细阐述（ 分）和结尾总结（总）三个部分。
明确目标
团队共同讨论并明确任务目标， 确保每个成员对任务有清晰的认
识。
分工合作
根据团队成员的特长和优势，合 理分配任务，确保任务高效完成。
成果汇总
对团队成员完成的任务进行汇总， 评估任务完成质量和效率，为后
续团队协作提供改进建议。
自我提升：设定目标、学习方法、实践反思
设定目标
根据个人兴趣和职业规划，设定明确 的自我提升目标。
通过开头和结尾的总结，使读者或听众能 够快速了解主题和要点。
逻辑性强
易于记忆
中间部分按照一定逻辑顺序进行阐述，使 内容条理清晰。
由于结构简洁明了，总分总结构有助于读 者或听众更好地记忆和理解内容。
应用领域
学术论文
总分总结构有助于组织论文的 主要论点和论据，使论文更具
说服力。
商业报告
总分总结构可以使报告更加简 洁明了，突出重点，便于决策 者快速了解报告内容。
人教版语文阅读理解讲解
人教版语文阅读理解讲解在人教版语文教材中，阅读理解是语文学习的重要组成部分，它不仅能够提高学生的阅读能力，还能培养学生的逻辑思维和分析问题的能力。
阅读理解题目通常要求学生在阅读完一篇文章后，能够理解文章的主旨、作者的观点、文章的结构以及文中的细节信息。
以下是对阅读理解的一些基本讲解：1. 理解文章主旨：阅读文章时，首先要把握文章的中心思想，即作者想要表达的主要观点或情感。
这通常可以通过阅读文章的标题、开头和结尾部分来快速把握。
2. 分析作者观点：在理解文章主旨的基础上，进一步分析作者的观点和态度。
作者可能通过直接陈述、引用他人观点、使用修辞手法等方式来表达自己的观点。
3. 识别文章结构：文章的结构是作者组织材料的方式，常见的结构有总分总、并列、递进等。
通过识别文章结构，可以帮助我们更好地理解文章的逻辑关系。
4. 把握细节信息：在阅读过程中，要注意文章中的细节描写，这些细节往往是理解文章深层含义的关键。
细节信息可能包括人物描写、环境描写、事件发展等。
5. 推理和判断：阅读理解往往需要学生根据文章内容进行推理和判断。
这包括对文章中未明确表述的信息进行推断，以及对作者可能的意图进行猜测。
6. 回答问题：阅读理解题目通常会要求学生回答一些问题，这些问题可能涉及文章的主旨、作者的观点、文章的结构和细节信息等。
在回答问题时，要确保答案准确、完整，并且能够用文章中的具体信息来支持自己的观点。
7. 练习和反思：阅读理解能力的提高需要大量的练习和反思。
通过不断的阅读和练习，可以逐渐提高对文章的理解能力和分析能力。
同时，反思自己的阅读过程和答案，找出不足之处，也是提高阅读理解能力的重要途径。
总之，阅读理解是一个综合性的学习过程，它要求学生不仅要有良好的阅读习惯，还要具备分析和判断的能力。
通过不断的学习和实践，学生的阅读理解能力将得到显著提高。
阅读理解认识总分总结构
第四专题认识总分总结构分总结构是文章经常运用的一种段落结构,即总起——分述——总结。
总起句一般是在第一自然段用一句简练的话概括文章内容;分述部分是围绕总起句展开的,一般都是并列地从几方面表述总起句的内容; 总句一般放在文章结尾部分,对文章进行总结、深化、补充或完善。
例文赏析：还魂草彭万洲①大巴山的槲枥树林里,有一种奇异的小草,大家叫它还魂草。
②走进密密的槲枥树林,温润的沃土上铺着一叠厚厚的落叶,从叶缝间筛下的光斑,在落叶上,像圆圆的邮戳,我们扒开落叶,便会在青青的苔藓上找到还魂草。
它的大小和我们的手掌差不多,茎细如丝,叶子像一片片花瓣,整个草叶看上去就像盛开的花儿。
我们轻轻地拔起它,小心地抖去根部的泥沙,采集多了,带回家,晾干后收藏起来。
老人拿它当茶喝,能明目强身;我们拿它当书签,送给好朋友。
③还魂草真能还魂吗你看,每当我们看书累了,把还魂草从书页中取出,放进盛满清水的杯中,立刻,干细的茎徐徐伸直,干枯的叶片缓缓伸开,颜色又显得那么嫩绿,那么鲜活。
还魂草的生命力就是这么旺盛!④我喜欢普通又神奇的还魂草。
1.请你认真阅读短文,然后完成下面的填空。
短文主要向我们介绍了( ),共( )个自然段。
第①自然段告诉我们大巴山的槲枥树林里,有一种奇异的小草,大家叫它( ）第②自然段共( )句话,分别向我们介绍了还魂草的（ )( )( ）。
第③自然段共( )句话,介绍了还魂草的( )特点。
第④自然段一句话,直接表达了作者的感情——我( )还魂草。
2.现在你能看出②③自然段和前后两个自然段之间有什么联系吗？3.还魂草的神奇表现在什么地方,用“”画出来。
自己来挑战：最后一栋房①一个人应该如何对待自己的学习和工作我们不妨看看下面这篇小事。
②一位上了年纪的木匠准备退休了,他告诉雇主:“我不想再盖房子了,想和我的老伴过一种更加悠闲的生活,虽然很留恋那份报酬,但我该退休了。
”雇主看到他的好工人要走觉得非常惋惜,于是就问他能不能再建一栋房子。
阅读理解的结构化整理(说明文1)-教师版
阅读理解的结构化整理（说明文1）一、说明文结构1. 总分式（1）总分（无结尾）：《苏州园林》（2）总分总：《故宫博物馆》（3）分总2. 并列式文章没有主次轻重之分：《论读书》，三个部分分别谈到了读书的目的、读书的方法、读书的好处。
3. 连贯式各层之间按照事物发展过程安排层次，（时间为线索）前后互相承接。
4. 递进式各层之间的关系是由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质。
各层之间的关系是递进的。
如《向沙漠进军》。
递进结构的主要形式有：①现象——本质；①特点——用途；①原因——结果；①整体——部分；①主要——次要；①概括——具体。
二、说明一项发明或发现结构分析典例分析（2022·吉林·东北师范大学）A joint research team recently have developed a new electronic skin that is similar to human skin in strength, durability and sensitivity. The skin or eskin may play an important role in nextgeneration personalized medicine, soft robotics and artificial intelligence.“The ideal eskin will mimic (模仿) the many natural functions of human skin, such as sensing temperature and touch, accurately and in real time,” says leading researcher Yichen Cai. However, making suitably flexible electronics that can perform such delicate tasks while also used repeatedly is challenging, and each material involved must be carefully engineered.Most eskins are made by putting an active sensor on the surface that attaches to human skin. However, the connection between them is often too weak, which reduces the durability andsensitivity of the material; otherwise, if it is too strong, it won’t be flexible enough, making it more likely to break the circuit.“The landscape of skin electronics keeps shifting at a remarkable pace,” says Cai. “The discovery of 2D sensors has accelerated efforts to turn these quite thin but strong materials into functional, durable artificial skins.”The new manmade skin built by the researchers could sense objects from 20 centimeters away. It could further make a quick response when touched in less than one tenth of a second. “It is a striking achievement for an eskin to maintain toughness after repeated use,” said Shen, “which mimics the softness and rapid recovery of human skin.”This type of eskin could monitor a range of biological information, such as changes in blood pressure, which can be detected from movements of arms and legs. This data can then be shared and stored on the cloud via WiFi.“One remaining problem to the widespread use of eskins lies in mass production of highresolution sensors,” adds group leader Vincent Tung, “however, the latest technology offers new promise.”（1）第一段：发明的内容、好处（eskin）（2）第二段：用途、功能（模仿人类皮肤的功能）（3）第三段：原理（4）第四段：前景（5）第五段：功能、优势（感知物体）（6）第六段：功能、用途（生物）（7）第七段：潜在问题1．What’s the feature of the new eskin?A．It’s flexible and sensitive.B．It is almost the same as human skin.C．It has fragile electronics.D．It has proved important in areas like AI.【解析】根据文章第一段内容“A joint research team recently have developed a new electronic skin that is similar to human skin in strength, durability and sensitivity.(最近，联合研究小组开发出了强度、耐用性、敏感性与人类皮肤相似的新型电子皮肤。
认识总分总结构课件
层次分明，重点突
总结词
总分总结构课件的分述部分ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ主题进行逐点阐述，层 次分明、条理清晰。同时，总结部分对重点和要点进 行强调和突出，使得学习者能够更好地把握课件的核 心内容。
详细描述
在总分总结构课件中，分述部分通常采用逐点阐述的 方式展开，每个点都有明确的标题或段落划分，使得 整个课件层次分明、条理清晰。在总结部分，讲师会 对重点和要点进行强调和突出，如使用粗体字、加大 字号、改变颜色等方式，以引起学习者的注意和记忆。 这种层次分明、重点突出的方式有助于学习者更好地 把握课件的核心内容，提高学习效果。
演讲中的总分总结构实例
总结词
演讲中的总分总结构通常表现为先概述演讲主题和要点，然后逐一展开详细内容，最后总结演 讲的核心观点。
详细描述
在演讲中，总分总结构表现为开场先简要介绍演讲的主题和要点，让听众对演讲内容有个大致 了解。接着，演讲者会逐一展开各个要点，进行深入阐述和论证。最后，在结束时对演讲的核 心观点进行总结，加深听众的印象。
策划中的总分总结构实例
总结词
策划中的总分总结构表现为先明确策划目标，然后制定具体的实施方案和步骤，最后总结评估策划效 果。
详细描述
在策划过程中，总分总结构首先明确策划的目标和意图，然后根据目标制定具体的实施方案和步骤， 包括资源分配、时间安排、人员分工等。最后，对策划效果进行总结和评估，不断优化和完善策划方 案。这种结构有助于确保策划的有效性和可行性。
辑连贯。
02 说服力
通过分述部分提供充分的
证据和解释，增强说服力。
04 吸引力 开头和结尾部分引起和保 持读者兴趣，使内容更具 吸引力。
总分总结构的应用
写作中的应用
01 结构清晰
(完整版)阅读理解基础知识
阅读理解基础知识一、表达方式：记叙、描写、抒情、说明、议论二、表现手法：象征、对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑、托物言志、借物抒情、联想、想象、衬托（正衬、反衬）三、修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶、引用、设问、反问、反复、互文、对比、借代、反语四、记叙文六要素：时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果五、记叙顺序：顺叙、倒叙、插叙六、描写角度：正面描写、侧面描写七、描写人物的方法：语言、动作、神态、心理、外貌八、描写景物的角度：视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉九、描写景物的方法：动静结合（以动写静）、概括与具体相结合、由远到近（或由近到远）十、描写（或抒情）方式：正面（又叫直接）、反面（又叫间接）十一、叙述方式：概括叙述、细节描写十二、说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序十三、说明方法：举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、下定义、分类别、作诠释、摹状貌、引用十四、小说情节四部分：开端、发展、高潮、结局十五、小说三要素：人物形象、故事情节、具体环境十六、环境描写分为：自然环境、社会环境十七、议论文三要素：论点、论据、论证十八、论据分类为：事实论据、道理论据十九、论证方法：举例（或事实）论证、道理论证（有时也叫引用论证）、对比（或正反对比）论证、比喻论证二十、论证方式：立论、驳论（可反驳论点、论据、论证）二十一、议论文的文章的结构：总分总、总分、分总；分的部分常常有并列式、递进式。
二十二、引号的作用：引用；强调；特定称谓；否定、讽刺、反语二十三、破折号用法：提示、注释、总结、递进、话题转换、插说。
二十四、其他：（一）某句话在文中的作用：1、文首：开篇点题；渲染气氛（记叙文、小说），埋下伏笔（记叙文、小说），设置悬念（小说），为下文作辅垫；总领下文；2、文中：承上启下；总领下文；总结上文；3、文末：点明中心（记叙文、小说）；深化主题（记叙文、小说）；照应开头（议论文、记叙文、小说）（二）修辞手法的作用：（1）它本身的作用；（2）结合句子语境。
(完整版)小学阅读理解技巧整理精华版
小学语文阅读分析解题步骤与方法第一部分解题步骤1．通读文章，了解主要内容，揣摩中心思想。
2．认真通读所有题目，理解题意，明确题目的要求。
3．逐条解答，要带着问题，仔细地阅读有关内容，认真地思考、组织答案。
4．检查，看回答是否切题，内容是否完整，语句是否通顺，标点是否正确。
主要题型及其解题方法：第二部分基本知识一、表达方式：记叙、描写、抒情、说明、议论二、表现手法：象征、对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑、托物言志、借物抒情、联想、想象、衬托（正衬、反衬）三、修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶、引用、设问、反问、反复、互文、对比、借代、反语四、记叙文六要素：时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果五、记叙顺序：顺叙、倒叙、插叙（补叙属于插叙的一种）六、描写角度：正面描写、侧面描写、人物描写、场面描写、细节描写七、描写人物的方法：语言、动作、神态、心理、外貌八、描写景物的角度：视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉，动态和静态（形、声、色、态、味）九、描写景物的方法：动静结合（以动写静）、概括与具体相结合、由远到近（或由近到远）十、描写（或抒情）方式：正面（又叫直接）、反面（又叫间接）十一、叙述方式：概括叙述、细节描写十二、说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序十三、说明方法：举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、下定义、分类别、作诠释、摹状貌、引用十四、小说情节四部分：开端、发展、高潮、结局十五、小说三要素：人物形象、故事情节、具体环境十六、环境描写分为：自然环境、社会环境十七、议论文三要素：论点、论据、论证十八、论据分类为：事实论据、道理论据十九、论证方法：举例（或事实）论证、道理论证（有时也叫引用论证）、对比（或正反对比）论证、比喻论证二十、论证方式：立论、驳论（可反驳论点、论据、论证）二十一、议论文的文章的结构：总分总、总分、分总；分的部分常常有并列式、递进式。
二十二、写作特点：写作方法。
构思技巧。
语言特点。
(完整word版)语文阅读理解答题万能模板(word文档良心出品)
语文阅读理解万能答题模板语文阅读解题步骤点拨1．通读文章，了解主要内容，揣摩中心思想。
2．认真通读所有题目，理解题意，明确题目的要求。
3．逐条解答，要带着问题，仔细阅读有关内容，认真地思考、组织答案。
4．检查，看回答是否切题，内容是否完整，语句是否通顺，标点是否正确。
主要题型及解题套路●题型一：归纳段意1．记叙文：回答清楚（什么时间、什么地点）什么人做什么事格式：（时间＋地点）＋人＋事。
2．说明文：回答清楚说明对象是什么，它的特点是什么，格式：说明（介绍）＋说明对象＋说明内容（特点）3．议论文：回答清楚议论的问题是什么，作者的观点怎样，格式：用什么论证方法证明了（论证了）＋论点●题型二：概括中心思想（有很多的问答题都是根据中心解答的）例如：谈谈你的收获；告诉我们什么道理；你有什么启发有些文章可以直接在文中找到中心句。
写人的，主要是赞美主人公的某些优秀品质；写景主要赞美景的美丽可爱。
写物比较复杂一点，单纯写物，就是表达对物的喜欢；借物喻人和借物喻理的文章，在此类文章的结尾部分，仔细地揣摩，看它那些带有议论性的话，如果有写人的成分，那就是借物喻人；如果有说理的意思，那么一定就是借物喻理。
●题型三：理解含义所谓的含义就是蕴含在文章里面的意思，不是一下子就能看出来的，要通过我们仔细的揣摩，采取一找二写的方法来完成。
句子的意思有明暗两种。
明的就是在文章结束那些议论性的话，你把它拿过来，稍加整理，也能回答。
暗的难度大一点，必须在通晓全文的基础之上，把文章中一些重要的事件所反映的思想感情等的关键词摘录出来，用自己的语言表达出来。
●题型四：某句话在文中的作用1.文首：开篇点题；总起下文；2.文中：承上启下；总结上文；引起下文3.文末：点明中心；深化主题；篇末点题；照应开头●题型五：修辞手法的作用1.比喻、拟人：生动形象；答题格式：生动形象地写出了＋对象＋特性。
2.排比：有气势、加强语气、一气呵成等；答题格式：强调了＋对象＋特性3.设问：引起读者注意和思考；答题格式：引起读者对＋对象＋特性的注意和思考4.反问：强调，加强语气等；●题型六：联系上下文解释词语意思方法1. 顾名思义，采用扩充关键字的意思，然后连接成一句话方法2. 找近义词的方法，注意要能替代到文中，仍保持通顺方法3. 结合这个词所描述的对象具体描述●题型七：选择正确读音一般出现的是多音字，根据自己的积累和文章中的词语作出恰当的选择。
阅读理解-认识总分总结构
第四專題認識總分總結構分總結構是文章經常運用の一種段落結構,即總起——分述——總結。
總起句一般是在第一自然段用一句簡練の話概括文章內容;分述部分是圍繞總起句展開の,一般都是並列地從幾方面表述總起句の內容; 總句一般放在文章結尾部分,對文章進行總結、深化、補充或完善。
例文賞析：還魂草彭萬洲①大巴山の槲櫪樹林裏,有一種奇異の小草,大家叫它還魂草。
②走進密密の槲櫪樹林,溫潤の沃土上鋪著一疊厚厚の落葉,從葉縫間篩下の光斑,在落葉上,像圓圓の郵戳,我們扒開落葉,便會在青青の苔蘚上找到還魂草。
它の大小和我們の手掌差不多,莖細如絲,葉子像一片片花瓣,整個草葉看上去就像盛開の花兒。
我們輕輕地拔起它,小心地抖去根部の泥沙,採集多了,帶回家,晾乾後收藏起來。
老人拿它當茶喝,能明目強身;我們拿它當書簽,送給好朋友。
③還魂草真能還魂嗎?你看,每當我們看書累了,把還魂草從書頁中取出,放進盛滿清水の杯中,立刻,幹細の莖徐徐伸直,乾枯の葉片緩緩伸開,顏色又顯得那麼嫩綠,那麼鮮活。
還魂草の生命力就是這麼旺盛!④我喜歡普通又神奇の還魂草。
1.請你認真閱讀短文,然後完成下麵の填空。
短文主要向我們介紹了( ),共( )個自然段。
第①自然段告訴我們大巴山の槲櫪樹林裏,有一種奇異の小草,大家叫它( ）第②自然段共( )句話,分別向我們介紹了還魂草の（ )( )( ）。
第③自然段共( )句話,介紹了還魂草の( )特點。
第④自然段一句話,直接表達了作者の感情——我( )還魂草。
2.現在你能看出②③自然段和前後兩個自然段之間有什麼聯繫嗎?3.還魂草の神奇表現在什麼地方,用“”畫出來。
自己來挑戰：最後一棟房①一個人應該如何對待自己の學習和工作?我們不妨看看下麵這篇小事。
②一位上了年紀の木匠準備退休了,他告訴雇主:“我不想再蓋房子了,想和我の老伴過一種更加悠閒の生活,雖然很留戀那份報酬,但我該退休了。
”雇主看到他の好工人要走覺得非常惋惜,於是就問他能不能再建一棟房子。
(完整word)总分结构及一些阅读练习
总分结构及练习总分结构。
这种结构，段落中句与句之间的关系是先总叙再分述，或者先分述再总叙，或者先总，后分，再总。
例一《翠鸟》中的第一段它的颜色非常鲜艳。
头上的羽毛像橄榄色的头巾，绣满了翠绿色的花纹.背上的羽毛像浅绿色的外衣。
腹部的羽毛像赤褐色的衬衫。
这一段一共写了四句话。
第一句是总的叙述翠鸟的颜色非常鲜艳。
第二、三、四句是围绕总叙的意思，分述了翠鸟“头上的羽毛”、“背上的羽毛”、“腹部的羽毛”的颜色“非常艳鲜”。
例二《松鼠》中的一段松鼠的肉可以吃，尾巴上的毛可以制毛笔，皮可以做衣服。
松鼠真是一种有用的小动物。
这一段话是先分说，后总说。
先分别说明松鼠的用途：“肉可以吃"、“毛可以制笔”、“皮可以做衣”,然后总说，“松鼠真是一种有用的小动物。
”例三这座桥不但坚固，而且美观.桥面有石桥,栏板上雕刻着精美的图案：有的刻着两条互相缠绕的龙，嘴里吐出美丽的水花；有的刻着两条飞龙，前爪互相抵着,各自回首遥望；还有的刻着双龙戏珠。
所有的龙似乎都在游动,真像活的一样。
这一段话是“总——分——总”式的结构.共写了6句话，第一句总说桥不但坚固而且美观。
2—5句分别说栏板上雕刻的三种不同形态的龙如何精美.最后一句总说这些龙“像活的一样"。
一些阅读练习：有趣的小刺猬刺猬是一种有趣的小动物.它的身体活像一只老鼠,只是比老鼠大多了。
它的头尖尖的，眼睛和耳朵很小，牙齿非常锋利，门牙特别长。
刺猬的四（肢枝）很短，跑起来很快。
它的爪子像老鹰的爪子那么锐利，那么有力。
除了腹部,刺猬浑身长满了像钢针一样的硬刺，又短又密。
遇到强敌时，它就把身体蜷（quán juǎn）成一团，成为一个可怕的刺球，连凶猛的野猪也拿它没有办法.刺猬不但能用硬刺（保护保卫）自己,而且还可以用它来搬东西呢！夏天,正当人们进入梦乡的时候，它悄悄地从洞中爬出来，趁着月光，窜到瓜地里,用它那锋利的牙齿把瓜柄咬断，然后在地上打个滚，把硬刺扎进瓜皮,一翻身就背（bēi bèi ）着瓜溜走了。
阅读理解题目中的结构分析课件
阅读理解题目中的结构分析课件在学习语文的过程中，阅读理解是一项重要的能力。
而要做好阅读理解题目，对文章结构的分析是关键。
本课件将带您深入了解阅读理解题目中结构分析的方法和技巧。
一、什么是文章结构文章结构，简单来说，就是作者组织和安排材料的方式。
就像盖房子，我们需要先设计好框架，然后再往里填充砖头、水泥等材料。
文章也是如此，作者需要先构思好结构，再把内容填充进去，使文章条理清晰、层次分明。
常见的文章结构有总分总结构、总分结构、分总结构等。
总分总结构是先总述观点或主题，然后分别从不同方面进行阐述，最后再总结归纳；总分结构则是先提出总的观点或主题，然后进行具体的阐述；分总结构则是先分别阐述，最后总结得出总的观点或主题。
二、为什么要分析文章结构分析文章结构有助于我们更好地理解文章的内容和作者的意图。
通过了解文章的结构，我们能够迅速把握文章的重点和脉络，提高阅读效率。
比如，在总分总结构的文章中，我们知道开头的总述部分往往包含了文章的核心观点，而中间的分述部分则是对核心观点的具体解释和论证。
这样，我们在阅读时就能有针对性地关注重点内容，快速抓住文章的主旨。
此外，分析文章结构对于回答阅读理解题目也非常有帮助。
很多题目都会涉及到对文章结构的考查，比如要求找出文章的中心句、划分段落层次、概括段落大意等。
只有掌握了文章结构的分析方法，我们才能准确地回答这些问题。
三、如何分析文章结构1、关注文章的开头和结尾文章的开头往往会引出主题或提出问题，结尾则通常会总结观点或得出结论。
因此，仔细阅读开头和结尾，有助于我们快速了解文章的大致内容和结构。
例如，一篇文章的开头写道：“春天是一个充满生机和希望的季节。
”那么我们可以初步判断这篇文章可能是围绕春天的特点和意义来展开的。
2、寻找标志性的语句有些文章中会有一些标志性的语句，如“首先”“其次”“最后”“综上所述”等，这些语句可以帮助我们划分文章的段落层次，明确作者的写作思路。
比如，文中出现“首先，春天的景色美不胜收；其次，春天给人们带来了新的希望；最后，春天是万物复苏的季节。
部编版语文小学五年级阅读理解：文章结构知识点讲解(课件)
总分结构
松鼠的肉可以吃，尾巴上的毛可以制毛笔，皮可 以做衣服。松鼠真是一种有用的小动物。
1.先总后分 2.先分后总 3.总分总
内 容 上
（中心句）
总分结构
动物有各种各样的睡觉方法。狗睡觉的时候喜欢把一只耳朵紧贴地面
。马总是站着睡觉。猫头鹰睡觉的时候一只眼睛睁着，一只眼睛闭着
1、总-分-总2、总一分 3、分一总
段意：写国庆节欢乐的景象
主要看：段首、段尾
妈妈有丰富的知识，引导我从小就在知识的海洋 里遨游。在温暖的春日下，她给我讲过伽利略和 望远镜。在夏天乘凉时妈妈给我讲过牛顿和三大 定律。在寂静的秋夜，妈妈给我讲过爱因斯坦和 原子弹。在冬天的火炉旁，妈妈给我讲过米丘林 和苹果、番茄。妈妈是我学习上的引路人。
主要看：段首、段尾
段意：写了荷兰草原上的各种 牲畜
国庆节的夜晚，人民广场上千万支礼花纷纷射入 空中形成了一副五颜六色的空中彩图。欢乐的人 们手捧鲜花，高呼“中华人民共和国万岁!中国 共产党万岁!”观礼台上，市政府领导笑容满面 地和群众一起观看节日的礼花，并不断地举手向 人们招呼。国庆节的夜晚是多么欢乐啊! 本段的结构模式是( 3 )
）
A.分——总 B.总——分——总
C.总——分
写一个总分总的段落
傍晚的时候云霞真是漂亮极了。 。 。
变化万分又颜色多变，多漂亮的晚霞啊！ 。 。
导语
DIRECTORY
一 自我课堂表现怎么样？ 二 本节课学习的知识，学会了吗？ 三 说一说本节有什么收获。
1.自我反思今天的学习情况，总结本 课收获。
2.教科书课后第一题、第二题。 (20分钟内独立完成)
你专心听讲 的样子最美！
北京高考英语阅读理解--文章结构总分总
阅读专题一：文章结构之总分总结构2017朝阳期末CBrilliant Autumn ColorsAs trees across the northern areas turn gold and deep red, you can find autumn colors in parks and woodlands, in the cities, countryside, and mountains. People are wondering what these colors are for. For years, scientists have worked to understand the changes that happen to trees in the autumn. Up to now there have been different explanations for why natural selection makes autumn colors so widespread.Dr. Hamilton from Oxford University proposed that bright autumn leaves contained a message: they warn insects to leave them alone. In autumn, insects choose trees where they will lay eggs. When the larvae (幼虫) come out the next spring, they feed on the trees, often with a result of destruction of the trees. Dr. Hamilton suggested that trees could ward off these insects with poisons. They could have strong defenses by letting egg-laying insects know what was in store for their eggs.Dr. Hamilton and his students turned the theory into a mathematical model, which showed that warning signals could indeed drive the evolution (进化) of bright leaves. It was a first attempt to see what was out there.A research team from the University of Wisconsin gave a quite different explanation. “If you are up here in Wisconsin, by the time the leaves change, all the insects that feed on leaves are gone,” Dr. Hoch said. He believed that autumn colors served mainly as protection.According to Dr. Hoch and his team, autumn colors might be able to protect the leaves from sun damage or frost (冰冻) injury —in other words, they actually act as a sunscreen to avoid the destruction to the leaves. Besides, autumn colors might protect the leaves from water loss. If the cells in the leaves become dry, the connections between the cells will be weakened and the leaves will break off.Although there are different explanations about autumn colors, it has really given them a deeper concern for this time of year. “People sometimes say that science makes the world less interesting by just explaining things away,” one famous biologist said. “But with autumn leaves, the more you know about them, the more amazed you are.”63. According to Dr. Hamilton, there is a connection between ______.A. the size of leaves and the survival of insectsB. the size of leaves and the behavior of insectsC. the color of leaves and the quality of insectsD. the color of leaves and the number of insects64. Dr. Hoch and his team give the explanation that ______.A. climate has an influence on the color of the leavesB. sun damage and frost injury drive the insects awayC. the color of autumn leaves has a protective functionD. autumn colors bring great destruction to the leaves65. The underlined phrase “ward off” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.A. catchB. attractC. ignoreD. prevent66. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?A ．B ．C DCP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion DCDBP Sp Sp C P C P C Sp Sp C P P C CP P P C S C S S P SRole-Playing in Child DevelopmentPlaying is a key component in the learning process for virtually all of the children. There are various ways in which children play, but one of the most important is role-playing. This involves a child engaging in an activity during which he or she pretends to be another person. Experts on child development believe that role-playing can increase the connections in children’s brains that help them learn. Language skills are some of the most important aspects of learning. When children role-play, they must work out steps that need to be taken to complete a task, and create plans to act out a story. These activities enable children to develop their oral language skills. They become able to organize others and to give directions. Children’s social skills can also be developed. When engaged in group activities, children have different roles. Some are leaders while others are followers. At times, the children will disagree, so they must learn to negotiate and compromise with one another, and they must learn to apologize when they have strong arguments or disagreements as well. Children further learn about coo peration and sharing and, hopefully, begin to understand things from another person’s point of view.Besides helping children learn some kinds of skills, role-playing fosters children’s imaginations and can therefore assume a number of forms. For example, boys may pretend to shave like their fathers or perform various tasks around their homes. Girls, meanwhile, often pretend to be mothers to do some daily tasks, particularly if it involves caring for young babies. Sometimes children may imagine belonging to a group of superheroes or imitate(模仿)real-life situations. They might dress up and assume different roles. Another example is the performing of stories they read in books, which is also very common when they role-play.Another beneficial aspect of role-playing is that it can help children deal with certain actions that may cause them emotional(情感的) pain, such as the fear they face when going to school for the first time or making a visit to the doctor. If children role-play situations like these beforehand, the fear that they experience when doing these actions in reality frequently lessens. For this reason, experts encourage parents to allow their children to role-play and even to take part in these activities to help their children master their fears.Role-playing can benefit children in many ways. There is no activity for which young children are better prepared than fantasy play. Nothing is more dependable and risk-free, and the dangers are only pretend.67. From the author’s description in Paragraph 4, we learn that children often .A. involve daily-life activities in groupsB. act out the activities that their parents doC. perform daily tasks instead of their parentsD. change real-life situation when role-playing68. The author believes that role-playing may help children .A. develop a better awareness of grammarB. receive benefits from their emotional painC. improve creativity by using their imaginationsD. understand how to be both leaders and followers69. The underlined word “master” in Paragraph 5 probably means .A. ignoreB. confirmC. overcomeD. predict70. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?A B C DI: Introduction P:Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionBDCABenefits of Cross-Country SkiingCross-country skiing can be enjoyed by a wide range of students, from the youngest kindergartners to those secondary students. It is really a fun activity, providing students a gentle workout outside in winter. While having fun, students can gain physical and mental benefits .The physical benefits of cross-country skiing are well known. If we look at Olympic cross- country skiers, we can see the positive effects on the body that result from training for cross-country skiing. The average best female cross-country skier carries 11 percent body fat, and best male skiers carry 5 percent. These percentages are well below the average for people who are considered to be athletic-17 percent for females and 10 percent for males. The high number of calories burned while skiing helps to keep skiers slim in a healthy and attractive way.Cross-country skiing is also an efficient way to exercise a large number of muscles at once. Because skiers use ski poles as a means of propulsion, the force that drives skiers forward, the upper body gets much more of workout. Of course, the leg muscles also do their fair share. People who use cross-country skiing as a workout over several weeks will discover that the muscles of their entire body increase in strength.Cross-country skiing on a regular basis has a tremendous effect on a person’s cardiovascular system. In addition to gaining strength in the muscles of the upper and lower body, people who use cross-country skiing as a workout method over several weeks will also discover that their heart is stronger. A strong heart pumps more efficiently, sending out more blood to the muscles with each contraction(收缩). Through weeks of skiing, people often discover that their resting heart rate has decreased. Highly trained Olympic cross-country skiers have resting heart rates between 28 and 40 beats per minute. Compare that to the resting heart rate of the average person, which is 60 to 80 beats per minute!The benefits of cross-country skiing extend beyond overall general health. A lot of evidence exists indicating that regular physical activity increases the release of mood-lifting endorphins (内啡肽) in the body. After one of the energetic and fun skiing lessons, students will be smiling and laughing; they will be relaxed and in a better mood than when they started class. Students will leave class with a sense of accomplishment, knowing that they have developed new skills in a fun activity.Cross-country skiing is a great way to work the total body. Now more and more students are taking part in this exercise outside during the winter months. They are enjoying it and benefiting from it!63. The underlined word “workout” means_______.A. mannerB. exerciseC. applicationD. opportunity64. According to the passage, we can learn that cross-country skiing ______.A. requires the use of most muscle groupsB. offers students a unique way to keep fitC. can increase the athletes’ resting heart ratesD. can balance out the skiers’ increased calories65. How does the author prove the benefits of skiing in the fifth paragraph?A. By making comments.B. By giving examples.C. By making comparisons.D. By giving explanations.66．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?A B C DCP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionBADC 2012朝阳二模CWhy texting harms your IQThe regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana (大麻). That is the statement of researchers who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the user’s IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have described the phenomenon of improve d stupidity as “infomania”. The research conducted by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men.It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person’s mind. It can cause a constant distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. The report also added that, in a long term, the brain will be considerably shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At a microcellular level, the complex networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brain actually change in response to certain experiences.Too much use of modern technology can be damaging not only to a person’s mind, but to their social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62 per cent of them admitted that they were addicted to checking their e-mails and text messages so often that they scrutinized work-related ones even when at home or on holiday. Half said that they always responded immediately to an email and will even interrupt a meeting to do so. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and anxiety and affecting one’s characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude.The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson, a psychologist at University of London. “This is a very real and widespread phenomenon,” he said. “We have found that infomania will damage a worker’s performance by reducing their mental sharpness and chan ging their social life. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.”63. We can learn from the passage that “infomania” ______.A. has a positive influence on one’s IQB. results in the change of part of the brainC. lies in the problem of lack of concentrationD. is caused by too much use of modern technology64. The research mentioned in the passage is most probably about ______.A. the important function of advanced technologyB. the damage to one’s brain done by unhealthy habitsC. the relevance between IQ and use of modern technologyD. the relationship between intelligence and working effectiveness65. The underlined word “scrutinized” probably means “______”.A. examined carefullyB. copied patientlyC. corrected quicklyD. admitted freely66. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionDCAB2012朝阳期末CRetirement AgeRetirement is the point where a person stops employment completely．The " standard" retirement age varies from country to country, but it is generally between 50 and 70, according to the latest statistics, 2011．However, for a long time, people have got into an argument about whether the age of retirement should be increased or reduced in their own countries．There are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able．Many people think that older employees have a large amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire．Besides, older employees are often extremely faithful employees and are more willing to implement company policies than the young．A more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people．To force someone to resign or retire at 60 or 65 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over．Allowing old people to work indefinitely （无限地）, however, is not always a good policy．Some people took the strong view that age alone is no guarantee of ability．Many young employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area for most of their working lives．Having compulsory retirement allows new ideas in an organization．On the other hand, older people should be rewarded by society for their life' s labor by being given generous pensions and the freedom to enjoy leisure．They can have time to do whatever they like, that is, they can have their own plans or roles and achieve their retirement goals．With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers．However, this can affect the older individual' s freedom—and right—to work．In my opinion, giving workers more choices over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual．63．According to the passage, older people should go on with work because ____.A．they will help the business not to fail quicklyB．they have grasped much practical experienceC．they need to have a sense of achievementD．they want to learn more knowledge64．The underlined word "implement" in Paragraph 2 probably means "______".A．take overB．work onC．get rid ofD．carry out65．The third paragraph is mainly to tell us that ______．A．older people can' t do their work wellB．young people usually have new ideasC．it is better for older people to retire on timeD．older people would like to do something else66．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?BDCA2013朝阳二模CIt often happens that a number of applicants with almost identical qualifications and experience all apply for the same position. In their educational background, special skills and work experience, there is little, if anything, to choose between half a dozen candidates. How then does the employer make a choice? Usually on the basis of an interview.There are many arguments about the interview as a selection procedure. The main argument against it is that it results in a wholly subjective decision. As often as not, employers do not choose the best candidate, but the one who makes a good first impression on them. Some employers, of course, reply to this argument by saying that they have become so experienced in interviewing staff that they are able to make a sound assessment of each candidate’s likely performance. Unfortunately, both for the employers and applicants, there are many people of great ability who simply do not interview well. There are also, of course, people who interview extremely well, but are later found to be very unsatisfactory employees.Those in favour of the interview insist that the well-structured procedure is valid in assessing a candidate’s ability, an essential guarantee for the future job. They also argue that an employer is concerned not only with a candidate’s ability, but with the suitability of his or her personality for the particular work situation. Many employers, for example, will overlook occasional inefficiencies from their secretary so long as she has a pleasant personality. Perhaps the real purpose of an interview is not to assess the assessable aspects of each candidate but to make a guess at the more intangible things, such as personality, character and social ability.Today, interview is still the key section of the entire selection procedure, though different employers have different standards for competence. Generally speaking, candidates who interview well tend to be quietly confident, but never boastful; direct and straight-forward in their questions and answers; cheerful and friendly, but never over-familiar; and sincerely enthusiastic and optimistic. Candidates who interview badly tend to be at either end of the spectrum of human behaviour. They are either very shy or over-confident. They show either a lack of enthusiasm or an excess of it. They either talk too little or never stop talking. They are either over-polite or rudely abrupt.63.We can infer from the passage that an employer might tolerate his secretary’s occasional mistakes if the latter is _____.A. directB. shyC. cheerfulD. competent64.What is the author’s attitude towards the interview as a selection proced ure?A. Supportive.B. Negative.C. Objective.D. Unconcerned.65.The last paragraph indicates _____.A. a link between success in interview and personalityB. connections between work abilities and personalityC. differences in interview experienceD. differences in personal behaviour66.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionCCAB2011朝阳二模CNuclear energy is a controversial topic．There has been widespread public debate over it．It seems that the nuclear energy is either a gigantic disaster waiting to happen or the all-powerful way of the future.It is often believed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society with a huge demand for commercial products of all kinds. Besides, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase assumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe nuclear energy provides an endless and economical source of power and that it is therefore fundamental for an industrially developing society. Among other advantages is that nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents a great step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel.However, opponents(people who oppose something)of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct danger not only to the environment but also to civil liberties. Environmentalists argue in the long run nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Furthermore, it is questionable whether nuclear power is a cheap source of energy when everything is considered. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium（铀）in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market.In spite of the case against nuclear energy above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding, which assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments in both sides, it seems that there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.63．What’s the writer’s attitude towa rd nuclear energy?A．Objective. B．Negative. C．Tolerant. D．Apprectiative.64．According to the opponents, which of the following is true of nuclear energy?A．Primitive. B．Endless C．Cheap. D．Unsafe.65．Some people believe that nuclear energy is the most important because .A．nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few staff.B．it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society.C．it represents a huge step forward in our scientific evolution..D．it provides a perfect way out to increase employment66．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point（次要点）C: ConclusionBDBA2011海淀期末DThe Celebration ExperimentIn the 1960s, Walt Disney pictured in the mind a future utopian city with underground roads and a climate-controlled round roof. The real community of Celebration, Florida, built in 1999, applies the social and environmental goals of both Disney and the New Urbanism movement.Disney and the New Urbanism have imagined communities that promote social and local communication. Celebration has a central Market Street district to reduce traffic and encourage social contacts. The idea is that if the downtown area is neatly and closely ranked, people will walk and meet their neighbors. Downtown events like art festivals also bring citizens together. Narrow, tree-lined streets are “traffic calm”—with slower speed limits—to encourage bicycling and walking.Moreover, housing in Celebration includes both single- and multi-family houses that encourages socialization. Apartment buildings are located close to downtown, and houses are built close together with small yards. They feature entrance halls to encourage citizens to socialize.“Many aspects of that kind of design are really aimed at maximizing social communication between citizens, not just on the streets but also in community institutions that are very much a part of public life there,” says Andrew Ross, a New York University professor who lived in Celebration for one year.Utopian communities such as Celebration are also designed with environmental protection in mind. The town itself is built on 4,900 acres surrounded by a 4,700 acre protected greenbelt. The greenbelt parks, and common areas accommodate native wildlife and animals.High-rise office and apartment buildings provide close office and living space in a small geographic area in order to reduce urban sprawl, the spread of today’s cities onto nat ure areas. Buildings also minimize environmental influence by using cooling and electric systems with insulated（绝缘的;隔热的）glass, cooling towers, and energy-saving lamps.“The town more or less borrows very heavily from New Urbanist principles … to create environmentally friendly alternatives to sprawl and to create communities around people rather than vehicles,” Ross said.67. Celebration mentioned in the passage is a __________.A. city offering living spacesB. community promoting socializationC. special occasion in the marketD. downtown area with high buildings68. The purpose of holding Art festivals mentioned in Paragraph 2 is to __________.A. exhibit art worksB. attract artists for profitsC. encourage communicationD. reduce downtown traffic69. The underlined word “sprawl” in Paragraph 6 may be replaced by “ ________”.A. expansionB. organizationC. restrictionD. exploration70. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?CP: Central Point P: Point SP: Sub-point(次要点) C: ConclusionBCABThere is a boy called Bill in my gym class who has unbearably yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasant．Recently another boy told Bill that he should "go Ajax" his teeth．Bill was crushed．If the other boy had been thinking, he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situation．He could have dealt with it with tact．He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive way—that's "tact"．If a person isn't sensitive to another's feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactful．Yesterday, my 5-year-old brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen on our television set．Unfortunately, he used furniture polish, which produced an oily film on the television screen．My mother smiled arid thanked him for his efforts—and then showed how to clean the screen properly．Her sensitivity enables my brother to keep his self-respect．Yet, sensitivity alone does not make tact．"Tactfulness" also requires "truthfulness"．Doctors, for example must be truthful．If a patient has just been disabled in an accident, a tactful doctor will tell the truth—but express it with sensitivity．The doctor may try to give the patient hope by telling them curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now available．Doctors must use tact with patients' relatives as well．Instead of bluntly saying, "Your husband is disabled," a doctor might say, "I'm sorry, but your husband has lost feeling in his legs and．．．"Tact should not be confused with trickery．Trickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection（注射）and says, "This won't hurt a bit．" Instead of trickery, the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of it．It would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patients about some of these benefits．Tact is a wonderful skill to have, and tactful people are usually admired and respected．Without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in．68．The underlined word "crushed" in the first paragraph probably means____．A．surprisedB．cheatedC．regretfulD．painful69．According to the author, his mother's praise for the brother is ____．A．sensitive and tactfulB．sensitive but not tactful enoughC．truthful but not tactful enoughD．sensitive but trickish70．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?（The numbers stand for the paragraphs）CDBCThe Loss of InnocenceInnocence is such a precious gift. It’s explained as freedom from guilt or wrong doing. Just imagine never having to worry about anything and having a guilt free mind. Some people wish to save this kind of innocence from being lost from childhood to adulthood.What would the world be like if innocence were never lost? One way it would benefit humanity is the lack of hatred （仇恨）among the world. During youth, there may be an occasional argument, even a little physical fight, but nothing like firing a handgun at a fellow human being. And children are blind towards the racial differences of others. A kid will hang out with any other kid. It is the lack of innocence and the ignorance we learn from adults that influence children otherwise. Another benefit is the constant desire for fun and adventure. With very little if any time at all for fun，the adventurous mind is lost in time with the responsibilities placed upon adults. If innocence were kept alive, these ambitions would never depart from our lives.However, other people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting for ever. They feel that the lack of organization and mental power of those with innocence would cause extremely destructive consequences to society in general. A large number of individuals would never have the urge to learn, work, and act upon the necessary needs for humanity to survive. Without a proper education which is usually provided by those who no longer live in a world of innocence, people would not have the desire to succeed, get a good job in life, or provide income for their families, which would hurt the lives of children.The lack of a good education and career would also harm the economy. As long as innocence is kept alive, no one would be terribly angered at the lack of effort people put out in the workplace, resulting in a strong decline in production and quality of needed goods.Maybe it is wrong in wanting to save innocence. It sure is a nice thought, though. Perhaps inn ocence was meant to be lost. It was god’s will to make things the way they are, and there is a good purpose for everything.All that remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy it while it lasts.63.The author believes that the loss of innocence in adulthood should be _______.A. avoidedB. condemnedC. acceptedD. encouraged64. Lifelong innocence would be beneficial to society in that _______.A. proper education would be providedB. there would be no racial discriminationC. more happy families would be guaranteedD. people would realize their childhood dreams65. According to the author, people with innocence can hurt the economy with their lack of _____.A. motivational willB. mental abilityC. adventurous ambitionsD. needed goodsP: Point 次要点CBAA。
(完整word版)小学三年级阅读理解答题技巧
小学三年级语文阅读理解答题技巧全汇总!语文考试中的阅读理解是整个试卷中很重要的一个部分，这一点从它所占的分值就可以看出。
解题步骤1．通读文章，了解主要内容，揣摩中心思想。
2．认真通读所有题目,理解题意，明确题目的要求。
3．逐条解答，要带着问题，仔细地阅读有关内容,认真地思考、组织答案.4．检查，看回答是否切题,内容是否完整，语句是否通顺，标点是否正确.主要题型解题方法一、题型：段意、主要内容的归纳1．记叙文：回答清楚（什么时间、什么地点)什么人做什么事格式：（时间＋地点)＋人＋事.2．说明文：回答清楚说明对象是什么，它的特点是什么,格式:说明(介绍)＋说明对象＋说明内容（特点）3．议论文：回答清楚议论的问题是什么,作者的观点怎样，格式：用什么论证方法证明了（论证了）＋论点二、选择或概括文章的中心（有很多的问答题都是根据中心解答的）例如：谈谈你的收获；告诉我们什么道理；你有什么启发有些文章可以直接在文中找到中心句。
写人的，主要是赞美主人公的某些优秀品质；写景主要赞美景的美丽可爱。
写物比较复杂一点,单纯写物，就是表达对物的喜欢；借物喻人和借物喻理的文章，在此类文章的结尾部分，仔细地揣摩,看它那些带有议论性的话，如果有写人的成分，那就是借物喻人;如果有说理的意思，那么一定就是借物喻理。
三、理解句子的含义所谓的含义就是蕴含在文章里面的意思，不是一下子就能看出来的，要通过我们仔细的揣摩，采取一找二写的方法来完成.句子的意思有明暗两种。
明的就是在文章结束那些议论性的话,你把它拿过来，稍加整理，也能回答。
暗的难度大一点，必须在通晓全文的基础之上，把文章中一些重要的事件所反映的思想感情等的关键词摘录出来，用自己的语言表达出来。
四、某句话在文中的作用：1.文首:开篇点题；总起下文；2.文中：承上启下；总结上文；引起下文3。
文末：点明中心；深化主题;篇末点题；照应开头五、修辞手法的运用和作用:1。
比喻、拟人：生动形象；答题格式：生动形象地写出了＋对象＋特性.2.排比：有气势、加强语气、一气呵成等;答题格式:强调了＋对象＋特性3。
阅读理解中的结构分析与总结课件
阅读理解中的结构分析与总结课件在我们的学习和生活中，阅读理解是一项至关重要的技能。
无论是在应对考试、获取知识，还是在日常的阅读中，能够准确理解文本的含义、把握其结构，并做出有效的总结，都能帮助我们更好地吸收信息，提高思维能力。
今天，我们就来一起探讨一下阅读理解中的结构分析与总结。
一、为什么要进行结构分析与总结首先，理解文本的结构有助于我们更清晰地把握作者的思路。
就像走进一个陌生的房子，如果我们先了解了它的布局和结构，就能更轻松地找到各个房间和通道，知道哪里是卧室，哪里是厨房。
同样，对于一篇文章，清楚其结构可以让我们迅速找到重点，理解作者的意图。
其次，结构分析能帮助我们提高阅读效率。
当我们能够快速识别文章的开头、中间和结尾，以及段落之间的逻辑关系时，就可以有选择地阅读关键部分，节省时间。
再者，通过对结构的分析，我们能够更好地理解文章的主题和中心思想。
结构往往是为主题服务的，通过分析结构，我们能更深入地理解作者想要表达的核心观点。
最后，良好的结构分析与总结能力有助于我们在写作中借鉴他人的优秀结构，提升自己的表达能力。
二、常见的文本结构类型1、总分总结构这是最为常见的一种结构。
作者通常在开头提出总的观点或主题，然后在中间部分通过具体的事例、论据进行阐述和论证，最后在结尾部分再次总结和强调主题。
比如在一篇论述“读书的重要性”的文章中，开头可能会直接点明读书对个人成长的重要意义，中间列举不同名人通过读书取得成功的例子，结尾则再次强调读书的不可或缺。
2、总分结构作者在开头提出观点或主题，随后的内容都是围绕这个观点进行阐述和解释。
例如，“环保需要每个人的努力”，开头提出这一观点，接下来详细说明为什么需要每个人努力，以及每个人可以采取哪些具体行动来保护环境。
3、分总结构先分别论述各个方面的内容，最后进行总结归纳。
例如，一篇介绍几种不同动物习性的文章，先分别描述每种动物的特点，最后总结这些动物习性的共性和差异。
4、并列结构各个段落之间的内容是并列关系，没有明显的主次之分。
理解文章的主要结构课件
理解文章的主要结构课件在我们日常的阅读和学习中，理解文章的主要结构是一项至关重要的技能。
它就像是一把钥匙，能够帮助我们打开文章的奥秘之门，更好地领会作者的意图和思想。
那么，什么是文章的主要结构？又该如何去理解它呢？文章的主要结构，简单来说，就是文章的组织方式和框架。
它决定了文章内容的呈现顺序、各部分之间的关系以及整体的逻辑走向。
常见的文章结构有总分总结构、总分结构、分总结构、并列结构、递进结构等。
总分总结构是很多文章常用的结构方式。
在这种结构中，作者通常会在开头提出一个总的观点或主题，然后通过中间的段落分别进行阐述和论证，最后在结尾部分对全文进行总结和升华，再次强调开头提出的观点。
比如，一篇论述“读书的重要性”的文章，开头可能会说“读书对个人的成长和发展具有不可估量的重要性”，中间分别从增长知识、开拓视野、提升思维等方面进行详细论述，结尾则会总结“综上所述，读书是我们不断进步、丰富人生的重要途径”。
总分结构则是先给出总的观点或论断，接着通过后续内容进行详细的解释和说明。
例如，一篇关于“城市交通拥堵问题”的文章，开头指出“城市交通拥堵已成为当前许多城市面临的严峻挑战”，接下来分别阐述造成拥堵的原因，如车辆增多、道路规划不合理、交通管理不善等。
分总结构与总分结构相反，作者先分别阐述各个方面的内容，最后再得出总的结论。
比如写“不同动物的防御机制”，先分别介绍乌龟的壳、刺猬的刺、变色龙的变色等不同动物的防御手段，最后总结“这些不同的防御机制都是动物在长期进化过程中为了生存而形成的”。
并列结构的文章，各部分内容之间地位平等，没有主次之分，它们共同围绕主题展开。
例如，在“旅游的好处”一文中，可以分别从放松身心、增长见识、促进人际交往等几个方面并列阐述旅游的益处。
递进结构则是按照事物的发展规律或者逻辑关系，逐步深入地展开论述。
比如讨论“环保意识的培养”，可能会从个人对环保的初步认识，到在日常生活中的行动，再到对整个社会环保事业的影响，逐步递进。
阅读理解 认识总分总结构
第四专题认识总分总结构分总结构是文章经常运用的一种段落结构,即总起—-分述-—总结。
总起句一般是在第一自然段用一句简练的话概括文章內容;分述部分是围绕总起句展开的，一般都是并列地从几方面表述总起句的内容;总句一般放在文章结尾部分,对文章进行总结、深化、补充或完善。
例文赏析：还魂草彭万洲①大巴山的槲枥树林里，有一种奇异的小草，大家叫它还魂草。
②走进密密的槲枥树林,温润的沃土上铺着一叠厚厚的落叶,从叶缝间筛下的光斑,在落叶上，像圆圆的邮戳，我们扒开落叶,便会在青青的苔藓上找到还魂草。
它的大小和我们的手掌差不多，茎细如丝,叶子像一片片花瓣，整个草叶看上去就像盛开的花儿。
我们轻轻地拔起它，小心地抖去根部的泥沙，采集多了，带回家,晾干后收藏起来。
老人拿它当茶喝,能明目强身；我们拿它当书签,送给好朋友。
③还魂草真能还魂吗？你看，每当我们看书累了，把还魂草从书页中取出,放进盛满清水的杯中，立刻,干细的茎徐徐伸直,干枯的叶片缓缓伸开,颜色又显得那么嫩绿,那么鲜活。
还魂草的生命力就是这么旺盛!④我喜欢普通又神奇的还魂草.1.请你认真阅读短文，然后完成下面的填空。
短文主要向我们介绍了（）,共()个自然段。
第①自然段告诉我们大巴山的槲枥树林里，有一种奇异的小草，大家叫它(）第②自然段共（）句话，分别向我们介绍了还魂草的(）（）（)。
第③自然段共（)句话,介绍了还魂草的(）特点。
第④自然段一句话，直接表达了作者的感情——我（）还魂草.2.现在你能看出②③自然段和前后两个自然段之间有什么联系吗？3。
还魂草的神奇表现在什么地方,用“”画出来.自己来挑战:最后一栋房①一个人应该如何对待自己的学习和工作?我们不妨看看下面这篇小事。
②一位上了年纪的木匠准备退休了,他告诉雇主：“我不想再盖房子了,想和我的老伴过一种更加悠闲的生活,虽然很留恋那份报酬，但我该退休了。
"雇主看到他的好工人要走觉得非常惋惜,于是就问他能不能再建一栋房子.就算是给他个人帮忙.③木匠答应了。
【阅读专项】专题02认识总分总结构(试题)三年级语文部编版_教师版
专题02 认识总分总结构【典型例题】可爱的“蒂娜”①蒂娜是我过七岁生日的时候姥姥送我的生日礼物，它可爱极了。
②它的眼睛黑溜溜的像黑珍珠一样，它的鼻子是棕色的，还总是湿湿的，不过它睡觉的时候却不是湿的，不过它睡觉的时候却不是湿的，当时我以为他生病了，妈妈告诉我这是健康的表现。
它的牙齿尖尖的，看起来很锋利，耳朵是耷拉下来的，不像别的狗的耳朵是立着的，跑起来就像扇子在扇风。
全身的毛都是卷卷的，就像爱美的人们烫过的一样。
它的四肢虽然短，但跑起来特别快，短短的尾巴向上翘起，就像一朵小花。
③蒂娜不仅可爱，还很贪玩。
尤其喜欢和我家对门的那只小狗玩，它们两个只要一碰到一起，任凭你怎么叫它也不肯走。
如果那只小狗不想和它玩了，它会耍赖皮，非往人家身上扑，或者咬住主人的裤脚，似乎在央求人家“再和我玩会儿吧，再和我玩会儿吧”。
这时，我没有办法，只好用“武力”强行把它拽走。
④这就是让我喜欢的蒂娜，它是我最好的朋友，它给我的童年带来了无尽的快乐！想一想：上面这篇文章是按什么顺序记叙的？答：总分总顺序。
思路导引短文的主人公是蒂娜，它是小狗。
第①自然段交代了蒂娜的来历以及它很可爱。
第②自然段作者通过描写蒂娜的外貌来说明蒂娜的可爱。
第③自然段作者通过描写蒂娜和对门小狗玩耍时的情景来说明蒂娜贪玩。
第④自然段作者表达了对蒂娜的喜爱之情。
全文按照总分总的结构来记叙。
其中蒂娜不仅可爱，还很贪玩这句话是一个过渡。
答题模板总分总段式（1）概念：总分总段式是阅读和写作过程中经常运用的一种结构方式，即总起—分述—总结。
（2）总起，一般在文章开头用概括性的语言概述文章内容或是阐明下文分述内容的起因。
分述有两种情况。
一是并列的分述；二是连贯式的分述。
总结句出现在文末，可以与开头呼应，也可以做总结性结尾。
你学会了吗？我们来挑战一下下面的试题吧！（一）快乐的小天地①我家小区旁有一个小花园，那里是我快乐的天地。
②春天的小天地是生机勃勃的，小草破土而出，刚刚长出来的几朵小花，发出淡淡的清香。
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第四专题认识总分总结构
分总结构是文章经常运用的一种段落结构,即总起——分述——总结。
总起句一般是在第一自然段用一句简练的话概括文章內容;分述部分是围绕总起句展开的,一般都是并列地从几方面表述总起句的内容; 总句一般放在文章结尾部分,对文章进行总结、深化、补充或完善。
例文赏析：
还魂草
彭万洲
①大巴山的槲枥树林里,有一种奇异的小草,大家叫它还魂草。
②走进密密的槲枥树林,温润的沃土上铺着一叠厚厚的落叶,从叶缝间筛下的光斑,在落叶上,像圆圆的邮戳,我们扒开落叶,便会在青青的苔藓上找到还魂草。
它的大小和我们的手掌差不多,茎细如丝,叶子像一片片花瓣,整个草叶看上去就像盛开的花儿。
我们轻轻地拔起它,小心地抖去根部的泥沙,采集多了,带回家,晾干后收藏起来。
老人拿它当茶喝,能明目强身;我们拿它当书签,送给好朋友。
③还魂草真能还魂吗?你看,每当我们看书累了,把还魂草从书页中取出,放进盛满清水的杯中,立刻,干细的茎徐徐伸直,干枯的叶片缓缓伸开,颜色又显得那么嫩绿,那么鲜活。
还魂草的生命力就是这么旺盛!
④我喜欢普通又神奇的还魂草。
1.请你认真阅读短文,然后完成下面的填空。
短文主要向我们介绍了( ),共( )个自然段。
第①自然段告诉我们大巴山的槲枥树林里,有一种奇异的小草,大家叫
它( ）
第②自然段共( )句话,分别向我们介绍了还魂草的
（)( )( ）。
第③自然段共( )句话,介绍了还魂草的( )特点。
第④自然段一句话,直接表达了作者的感情——我( )还魂草。
2.现在你能看出②③自然段和前后两个自然段之间有什么联系吗?
3.还魂草的神奇表现在什么地方,用“”画出来。
自己来挑战：
最后一栋房
①一个人应该如何对待自己的学习和工作?我们不妨看看下面这篇小事。
②一位上了年纪的木匠准备退休了,他告诉雇主:“我不想再盖房子了,想和我的老伴过一种更加悠闲的生活,虽然很留恋那份报酬,但我该退休了。
”雇主看到他的好工人要走觉得非常惋惜,于是就问他能不能再建一栋房子。
就算是给他个人帮忙。
③木匠答应了。
可是,木匠的心思已经不在干活上了,他只想快点干完回家,所以,不仅手艺退步,而且还偷工减料。
木匠完工后,雇主来了。
他拍拍木匠的肩膀,诚息地说:“房子归你了,这是我送给你的礼物。
④木匠感到十分震惊:“太丢人了呀……要是我知道是在为自己建房子,我就不会这么做了,如果可以重来,我……”木匠懊悔地喃喃自语。
⑤人生就是一项自己做的工程,我们今天做事的态度,决定了明天住的房子
1.第①段问了一个什么问题?你觉得和后面的故事有什么联系?
2.这个故事里的木匠开始时是怎么想的?他是怎么做的?结果为什么出乎他的意料?
3.你在文中找到第①段问题的答案了吗?用“”画出来。
4.你觉得第①段、第⑤段和老木匠的故事之间是什么关系?
小勇士闯关：
天上的云
天上的云,真是形态万干、变化无常。
没事的时候,我喜欢抬头观察天上的云。
它们有的像羽毛,轻轻地飘在空中;有的像鱼鳞,一片片整整齐齐地排列着;有的像羊群,来来去去;有的像一床大棉被,满满地盖住了天空;有的像山峦,像河川,像奔马……它们有时把天空点缀得很美丽,有时又把天空笼罩得很阴森。
刚才还是白云朵朵,阳光灿烂,一霎间又是乌云密布,大雨倾盆。
云像天气的“招牌”,天上挂什么云,就会出现什么样的天气。
我觉得蓝天是一块画布,天上的云就是流动的画,偶尔,还会有小鸟、飞机、彩虹等来点缀,这幅画是一辈子也看不完、看不倦的风景。
1.这篇短文共有( )个自然段。
主要围绕哪句话写的?请抄写在下面的横线上。
2.文中描写云形态万干的句子里,把云比作了、、、、
、、、
3.你想象一下还有什么样的云?请仿照文中写法用“有时……有时……”句式写下来。
4.文中哪些句子写了云的变化无常?把相关的句子用“”画出。
5.你觉得本文段与段之间是什么关系?( )。
A.总分关系
B.总分总关系
C.分总关系
(二)
会飞的蒲公英
①我喜欢大自然,喜欢到大自然里去了解、观察那些花花草草。
②初夏的一天,我和妈妈散步来到小木屋后面的山坡上。
山坡上盛开着一丛丛火红的映山红、鹅黄的迎春、淡紫的牵牛花……我快活地拍着小手,蹦蹦跳跳采摘这些五颜六色的花儿。
一会儿,妈妈轻轻地挽着我走到山坡的另一(侧则),那里开满了一朵朵白色的小花。
花儿怪逗人的:圆圆的脑袋,白白的茸毛,风一吹,就轻盈地飞了起来。
飞呀飞,飞得老高老高的。
我费了好大的劲儿,才抓住一朵飞在空中的小白花。
③妈妈说这是蒲公英它最喜欢到外面的世界去闯荡
④“真奇妙!”我赞叹着说,“我也要去！”
⑤妈妈的话在我幼小的心灵里(流留)下了深深的印象。
⑥晚上,我梦见自己变成了一朵白色的蒲公英,在广阔的世界上空飞呀,飞呀……难度指数★★★
1.给第段没有标点的地方加上恰当的标点。
2.在( )里恰当的词上打“√"。
3.文中写颜色的词语有。
这么多种颜色,用文中的一个四字词语可以概括,这个词是。
4.填空。
广阔的( ) 圆圆的( ) 幼稚的( )
5.找一找作者喜欢蒲公英的理由是什么,把答案写在下面的横线上。
6.同学们,你周围一定也有你喜欢的小花,能介绍几种吗?。
7.你觉得本文段与段之间是什么关系?( )。
A.总分关系
B.总分总关系
C.分总关系
(三)
吃西瓜
①暑假里的一天,骄阳似火,没有一丝风,好像空气凝固了,热得人们 chuan 【】气,连树叶也不动,像是被什么粘住了似的。
只有栖息在树上的知了,不停地yan【】唱,但只能给人们zeng tian【】(烦躁烦闷)。
唉,要是在这时候能吃上一个凉爽鲜甜的大西瓜,那该有多美啊!
②傍晚,妈妈下班回家,(居然果然)买回来一个又圆又大的西瓜。
这下我可乐了,捧着西瓜左看右看,喜得爱不释手。
③这瓜足有七公斤重。
cui【】绿的瓜皮上镶着锯chi【】形的条纹,底部深深地凹了进去,顶端的瓜蔓又细又短。
我学着大人的样子,用手指在瓜皮上弹了弹,“嘣嘣”,声音又响又脆。
我操起菜刀切瓜,还没等用力,西瓜已裂成了两半。
嘿,好一个shu【】瓜!粉红的瓜瓤里嵌着历历可数的又黑又大的瓜籽,淡红的汁水顺着瓜瓤慢慢地淌在桌面上。
④4哎,光gu【】着看,还不知道这瓜的味道如何呢。
我顺手切下一块想饱饱口福。
刚把西瓜送到嘴边,我的手就停住了:对面的小厨房里不时闪动着妈妈的身影,妈妈(辛苦辛勤)了天,回家没顾得上擦把汗,却又在厨房里忙开了……
⑤我来不及多想,转身拿起调羹,往那半只西瓜上一插,又拿了一条凉毛,(急步慢慢)向厨房走去……难度指数★★★★
1.划去( )里不恰当的词语。
2.在文中的“【】”内写出正确的字词。
3.联系上下文解释词语。
(1)骄阳似火:
(2)爱不释手：
(3)历历可数:
4.仿照例句另写两个句子。
例:要是在这时候能吃上一个凉爽鲜甜的大西瓜,那该有多美啊!
(1)
(2)
5.根据提示,请你概括出本文的主要内容并填空.
暑假的一天,( )很热，妈妈下班买回来（）的西瓜，我刚想吃一口，看到了（），于是，我（）。
6.我们阅读文章时要根据作者描绘的情景,推测人物的内心活动,体会作者的思想感情。
本文最后一段写“我来不及多想,转身拿起调羹,往那半只西瓜上一插,又拿了一条凉毛巾,(急步慢慢)向厨房走去......”“我”会对妈妈说什么?做什么?请把作者没有写完的内容写出来。
7.作者在文中表达了对妈妈的思想感情。