有机化学中英文命名.

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有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A.Couper(古柏尔)acridine(吖啶)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine(腺嘌呤)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule(开库勒)alanine(丙氨酸)alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane(烷烃)alkene(烯烃)alkylation(傅-克烷基化反应)alkyne(炔烃)aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines(胺类)amide(酰胺)amidino(脒基)amino acid(氨基酸)β-aminobutyric acid(β-氨基丁酸)ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula(锯架式)andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene(轮烯)anomer(异头物)anomeric effect(异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene(蒽)antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound(反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound(芳香性化合物)aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)aromaticity(芳香性)aromatization(芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine(精氨酸)aspartic acid(天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital(原子轨道)A.Wurtz reaction(武兹反应)axial bond(直立键,a键)azulene)Baeyer(拜耳)baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole(苯并咪唑)benzothiazole(苯并噻唑)benzene(苯)berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius(伯察留史)beta-pleated sheet( -折叠)bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate(生物甲基化)biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond (σ键)πbond (π键)borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon(桥环烃)bytrepob(布特力洛夫)camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene(卡宾;碳烯)carbohydrate(碳水化合物)carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose(纤维二糖)cellulose(纤维素)cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution(链状碳架)chain initiation step(链引发阶段)chain propagation step(链增长阶段)chain termination step(链终止阶段)chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex(电荷转移络合物)chemical bond(化学键)chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin(甲壳质)chitosamine(壳糖胺)chlorophyll(叶绿素)cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography(色谱法)chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine(金鸡宁)cis-trans isomer(顺反异构体)cistrans isomerism(顺反异构)citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement(克莱森重排)Claisen-Schmidt reaction(克莱森-斯密特反应)cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction(协同反应)condensed nuclei hydrocarbon(稠环烃)conformation(构象)conformational isomerism(构象异构)coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene(共轭二烯烃)conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect(共轭效应)conservation of orbital symmetry(分子轨道对称性守恒理论)constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether(冠醚)cumulative diene(聚集二烯烃)curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution(环状碳架)cycloaddition recation(环加成反应)cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin(环糊精)cysteine(半胱氨酸)daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应) delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能) delocalized electron(离域电子)delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature(变性)deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer(非对映体)diazotization reaction(重氮化反应)diazonium salt(重氮盐)diborane(乙硼烷)dichlorocarbene(二氯卡宾)β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction(狄尔斯—阿尔德反应)diene(双烯体,二烯烃)dienophile(亲双烯体)dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation(蒸馏法)diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number(有效原子序数)E.J.Cory—H.House reaction(科瑞—郝思反应)electric field scan(电场扫描)18-electron rule(18电子规则)electromeric effect(电性效应)electrophilic addition(亲电加成反应)electrophilic substitution(亲电取代)electrophile(亲电性试剂)elimination reaction(消除反应)Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1-emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism(对映异构)enantiomer(对映体)end-group effect(端基效应)entgegen(E,相反之意)energy of activation(活化能)enzyme(酶)ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯) epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素,没食子酸酯) epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation(环氧化反应)equatorial bond(平伏键,e键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid(必需氨基酸)essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction(萃取法)farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical (自由基)free radical chain reaction (自由基链反应) Freon (氟利昂)Friedel-Crafts reaction (傅瑞德尔-克拉夫兹反应) reagent ( 试剂 )frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose (果糖)fucose (海藻糖)furan (呋喃)fused ring carbon constitution (稠环碳架) F.Wohler (武勒)Gabreil reaction (盖布瑞尔合成法)galactose (半乳糖) ..Frohde ..Frohdegallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯) Gattermann-Koch reaction(盖特曼-科希反应)geometricalisomer(几何异构体)germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose(葡萄糖)glutamic acid(谷氨酸)glutamine(谷酰胺)glycerol(甘油)glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen(糖原)glycoside(糖苷)glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin(哥美林)green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction(格氏反应)Grignard Reagent(格林那试剂,格氏试剂)G.Schiemann reaction(希曼反应)guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine(鸟嘌呤)guanyl (脒基)haloform(卤仿)halogenation(卤代反应)halogenation reaction(卤化反应)Haworth(哈沃斯)heat of hydrogenation(氢化热)heat of reaction(反应热)hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction(兴斯堡反应)histidine(组氨酸)H.Kolbe(科尔贝)Hoffmann degradation(霍夫曼降解反应)Hoffmann elimination(霍夫曼消除)Hoffmann exhaustive methylation(霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应)HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital,最高被占用分子轨道) homolog(同系物)homologous series(同系列)hormone (激素)Hückel rule(休克尔规则)hybrid orbital(杂化轨道)hydroboration(硼氢化反应)hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) hydrogen bond(氢键)hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱) hyperconjugation effect(超共轭效应)imidazole(咪唑)inclusion compound(包含物)indole(吲哚)inductive effect(诱导效应)infrared spectroscopy(红外光谱)insulin(胰岛素)invert sugar(转化糖)iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point(PI,等电点)isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene(隔离二烯烃)isoleucine(异亮氨酸)isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer(同分异构体)isoquinoline(异喹啉)isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole(异噻唑)isoxazole(异噁唑)Jones reagent(琼斯试剂)ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement(傅瑞斯重排)K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction(克脑文盖尔反应)Kolbe-Schmidt reaction(柯尔柏-施密特反应)Kutchcrov reaction(库切洛夫反应)lactose(乳糖)lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine(亮氨酸)leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar(林德拉)liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide(甲基锂)lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent(卢卡斯试剂)LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine(赖氨酸)maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan(磁场扫描)malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose(麦芽糖)Mannich reaction(满尼希反应)mannose(甘露糖)mass spectroscopy(质谱)matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot(佰赛儒)Mclafferty(麦可拉费蒂重排)(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)(±)-menthol [(±)-薄荷醇] menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer (内消旋体)methionine(蛋氨酸)methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素) molecular orbital(分子轨道)molecular orbital theory(分子轨道理论)monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核) monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜) monosaccharide(单糖)morphine (吗啡)mutarotation(变旋光现象)naphthalene(萘)narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应) (±)-neomenthol [(±)-新薄荷醇] nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection(纽曼投影式)Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration(硝化反应)nitro compound(硝基化合物)nonaromatic compound(非芳香性化合物)nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon(非苯芳烃)nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(核磁共振谱)nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应)nucleophilic reagent(亲核试剂)nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide(寡糖)frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)Oppenaner oxidizing reaction(欧芬脑尔氧化)optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound(有机金属化合物)organometallics (金属有机化合物)orientation rule (定位规则)oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole (噁唑)oxidation number (氧化值)oxidation state (氧化态)盐) oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin (烷烃)pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide (肽)peptide bond (肽键)peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction (周环反应)Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation (透析法)peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷) phenanthrene (菲)phenylalanine (苯丙氨酸)phosphorus ylide(膦叶立德)phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol(频哪醇)pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(多环芳烃)polymer(聚合物)polynuclear aromatic compound(稠环芳烃)polypeptide(多肽)polyreaction(聚合反应)polysaccharide(多糖)polytetrafluroethyleney(泰氟隆)unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation(沉淀法)primary structure(一级结构)proanthocyanidin (原花色素) progesterone (黄体酮)protein(蛋白质)pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine(蝶啶)purine(嘌呤)pyran(吡喃)pyrazine(吡嗪)pyrazole(吡唑)pyridazine(哒嗪)pyridine(吡啶)pyrimidine(嘧啶)pyrrole(吡咯)quaternary structure(四级结构)quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline(喹啉)quinones(醌)racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization(外消旋化)rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni(兰尼镍)reaction mechanism(反应历程)Reimer-Tiemann reaction(瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应)reserpine (利血平)residue(残基)resonance energy(共振能)resonance hybrid(共振杂化体)resonance theory(共振论)resonating structure(共振结构式)resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward(伍德沃德)rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose(核糖)rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide(糖类)Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction(桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应)Sandmeyer reaction(桑得迈尔反应)saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent(沙瑞特试剂)Sawhares projection(萨哈斯投影式)sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure(二级结构)securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D) serine(丝氨酸)sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction(σ键迁移反应)silane(硅烷)single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)(亲核取代)S N1(单分子亲核取代反应)S N2 (双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应) sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon(螺环烃)squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch(淀粉)stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer(立体异构)stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement(史蒂文斯重排)stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose(蔗糖)sulfonation(磺化反应)systematic nomenclature(系统命名法)taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer(互变异构体)tautomerism(互变异构现象)taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols(茶多酚)Teflon (泰氟隆)terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure(三级结构)testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane(四甲基硅烷)tetraterpenoid(四萜类)thiazole(噻唑)thiophene(噻吩)threonine(苏氨酸)torsional energy(扭转能)torsional strain(扭转张力)transition sate(过渡态)triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium(三甲基铝)triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan(色氨酸)tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine(酪氨酸)uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine(乌洛托品)valence bond method(价键学说)valine(缬氨酸)visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy(可见-紫外光谱)vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12(维生素B12)Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis(威廉森合成法)Wittig reaction(维蒂希反应)zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen(Z,德文,在一起之意)中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶(acridine)埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应(benzoic condensation reaction)氨基酸(amino acid)β-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid)氨解(ammonolysis)胺(amines)azulene)2 BAC 反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳(Baeyer)佰赛儒(M. Besthelot)半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸(cysteine)半乳糖(galactose)包含物(inclusion compound)苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)苯(benzene)苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑(benzimidazole)苯并噻唑(benzothiazole)倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)变性(denature)变旋光现象(mutarotation)表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸(alanine)丙氨酸乙硫酯(ethyl alanine sulfide)丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史(Berzelius)柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)(±)—薄荷醇((±)—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫(Bytrepob)布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基(residue)草酸(oxalic acid)超共轭效应(hyperconjugation effect)差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚(tea polyphenols)β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法(precipitation)橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃(polynuclear aromatic compound)稠环碳架(fused ring carbon constitution)醇钠(sodium alcohols)醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描(magnetic field scan)β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法(extraction)DDQ(2,3-二氯-5,6-氰基-1,4-苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪(pyridazine)单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖(monosaccharide)单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸(methionine)蛋白质(protein)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点(isoelectric point ,PI)迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯-阿尔德(Diels-Alher)电场扫描(electric field scan)电性效应(electromeric effect)电荷转移络合物(charge-transfer complex)碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉(starch)敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶(pteridine)丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则(orientationg rule)动力学概念(dynamical concept)豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应(end-group effect)对映异构(enantiomerism)对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)多糖(polysaccharide)多肽(polypeptide)多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E(entgegen,德文,相反之意)EAN规则(EAN rule)莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑(oxazole)蒽(anthracene)蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃(diene)二氯卡宾(dichlorocarbene)二甲亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide)二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构(secondary structure)二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物(antiaromatic compound)反应历程(reaction mechanism)反应热(heat of reaction)芳香烃(aromatic hydrocarbon)芳香性(aromaticity)芳香性化合物(aromatic compound)芳构化(aromatization)放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物(nonaromatic compound)非离子表面活性剂(nonionic)非对映体(diasteroisomer)非质子性溶剂(nonprotonic solvent )非苯芳烃(nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon)菲(phenanthrene)斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔(E.Fischer)费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道(molecular orbital)分子轨道对称性守恒理论(conservation of orbital symmetry theory)分子轨道理论(molecular orbital theory)酚苄明(Phenoxybenzamine)芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明(fenfluramine)粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸(flufenamic Acid)福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应(Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction)傅瑞斯重排(K.fries rearrangement)傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)辅酶Q10(coenzyme Q10)呋喃(furan)盖布瑞尔合成法(Gabreil reaction)盖特曼-科希(Gattermann-Koch)反应甘露糖(mannose)甘氨酸(glycine)甘油(glycerol)甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid) 甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃(isolated diene)格林那试剂(Grignard reagent)哥美林(Gmelin)共振能(resonance energy)共振论(resonance theory)共振杂化体(resonance hybrid)共振结构式(resonating structure)共轭效应(conjugative effect)共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃(conjugated diene)构象(conformation)构象异构(conformational isomerism)构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸(glutamic acid)谷酰胺(glutamine)古柏尔(A. Couper)古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖(oligasaccharide)冠醚(crown ether)光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷(silane)硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态(transition state)果糖(fructose)哈沃斯(Haworth)海藻糖(fucose)核磁共振谱(nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy)核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖(ribose)(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱(infrared spectroscopy)互变异构现象(tautomerism)互变异构体(tautomer)胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键(chemical bond)花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃(cyclic hydrocarbon)环氧化反应(epoxidation)环加成反应(cycloaddition recation)环状碳架(cyclic carbon constitution)环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精(cyclodextrin)α,β-环氧酸酯(α,β-cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应(sulfonation)活化能(energy of activation)霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应(Hoffmann degradation)霍夫曼消除(Hoffmann elimination)霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应(Hoffmann exhaustive methylation)几何异构体(geometricalisomer)己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂(lithium methlde)甲壳质(chitin)价键学说(valence bond method)假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键(σbond)σ键迁移反应(sigmatropic reaction)π键(πbond)碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物(metalloorganic compound)金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁(cinchonine)金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸(arginine)竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物(polymer)聚合反应(polyreaction)聚集二烯烃(cumulative diene)锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾(碳烯)(Carbene)开息纳尔-武尔夫(Kishner-Wolff)-黄鸣龙法凯库勒(A. Kekule)康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝(H. Kolbe)科瑞—郝思反应(E.J.Cory—H.House reaction)可的松(cortisone)可见-紫外光谱(visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy)克莱森-斯密特(Claisen-Schmidt)反应克脑文盖尔(Knoevenagel)反应克莱门森(Clemmensen)还原反应克莱森重排(Claisen rearrangement)克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应(Kolbe-schmidt reaction)柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺(chitosamine)苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应(Kutchcrov reaction)奎宁(quinine)喹啉(quinoline)醌(quinones)醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸(lysine)兰尼镍(Raney Ni)莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构(stereoisomer)离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子(delocalized electron)离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段(chain initiation step)链增长阶段(chain propagation step)链终止阶段(chain termination step)链状碳架(chain carbon constitution)亮氨酸(leucine)林德拉(Lindlar)膦叶立德(phosphorus ylide)膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention) 龙脑(borneol)卤代反应(halogenation)卤仿(haloform)卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂(Lucas reagent)芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α-卵磷脂(α-lecithine )轮烯(annulene)酪氨酸(tyrosine)罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃(spiro hydrocarbon)氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫(Markovnikov)规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂(Mclafferty)麦芽糖(maltose)麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希(Mannich)反应梅尔外英-彭多夫(Meerwein-Poundorf)还原反应酶(enzyme)没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶(pyrimidine)咪唑(imidazole)那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘(naphthalene)脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体(meso-form)尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤(guanine)尿嘧啶(uracil)柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式(Newmans projection formular)扭转能(torsional energy)扭转张力(torsional strain)欧芬脑尔氧化反应(Oppenaner oxidizing reaction)偶氮基(azo)偶合(偶联)反应(coupling reaction)偶合组分(或偶合剂)(coupling agent )偶极-离子键(dipolar-ionic bond )蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应(hydroboration))硼氢化钠(NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯(pyrrole)吡喃(pyran)吡嗪(pyrazine)吡唑(pyrazole)吡啶(pyridine)嘌呤(purine)频哪醇(pinacol)平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键,equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖(glucose)歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital)理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β-羟基醛(β-hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃(bridged hydrocarbon)鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂(electrophile)亲电加成反应(electrophilic addition)亲电取代(electrophilic substitution)亲核试剂(nucleophilic reagent)亲核加成反应(nucleophilic addition)亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体(dienophile)芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热(heat of hydrogenation)氢甲酰化法(hydroformylation)氢键(hydrogen bond)清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂(Jones reagent)炔烃(alkyne)热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖(lactose)瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应(Reamer-Timann reaction)萨哈斯投影式(Sawhares projection)噻吩(thiophene)噻唑(thiazole)三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝(trimethyl aluminium)三级结构(tertiary structure)三线态(triplet state)三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate)桑得迈尔反应(Sandmeyer reaction)桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应(Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction)色氨酸(tryptophan)色谱法(chromatography)沙瑞特试剂(Sarrett reagent)鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化(biological methylate)18电子规则(18- electron rule)史蒂文斯重排(Stevens rearrangement)石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体(diene)顺反异构(cistrans isomerism)顺反异构体(cis-trans isomer)四氢巴马汀(tetrahydropalmatine)四级结构(quaternary structure)四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷(tetramethylsilane)丝氨酸(serine)松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸(threonine)酸败(rancidity )缩醛(acetal)缩二脲反应(biuret reaction)肽(peptide)肽键(peptide bond)碳水化合物(carbohydrate)碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类(saccharide)糖苷(glycoside)糖原(glycogen)天冬氨酸(aspartic acid)天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列(homologous series)同系物(homolog)同分异构体(isomer)酮(ketone)透析法(permeation)1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化(racemization)烷烃(alkane)维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12(vitamin B12)维生素K1、K2(vitamin K1、K2)维蒂希反应(Wittig reaction)伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法(Williamson synthesis)武勒(F. Wohler)无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德(R.B.Woodward)武兹反应(A.Wurtz reaction)烯烃(alkene)系统命名法(systematic nomenclature)西佛碱(Schiff ’s base)希夫(schiff)试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱(schiff base)希曼反应(G.Schiemann reaction)纤维二糖(cellobiose)纤维素(cellulose)腺嘌呤(adenine)硝化反应(nitration)消除反应(elimination reaction)小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物(nitro compounds)协同反应(concerted reaction)缬氨酸(valine)(±)—新薄荷醇[(±)—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应(Hinsberg reaction)胸腺嘧啶(thymine)12-15休克尔规则(Hückel rule)比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素(haemachrome)亚硝酸(nitrous acid)烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐(oxonium salt)氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态(oxidation state)氧化值(oxidation number)阳离子表面活性剂(cationic surface active agent)叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素(chlorophyll)一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构(primary structure)乙硼烷(diborane)1-乙炔基环戊醇(1-ethynyl cyclopentanol )乙二胺(ethylene diamine)乙烯酮(ethenone ;ketene )乙酸(acetic acid)乙二酸(ethanedioic acid )异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸(isoleucine)异头物(anomer)异头效应(anomeric effect)异噁唑(isoxazole)异噻唑(isothiazole)异腈(胩)(isonitrile)异喹啉(isoquinoline)胰岛素(insulin)阴离子表面活性剂(anionic surface active agent)茚三酮(ninhydrin )吲哚(indole)罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂(axunge;grease;lipin;)有效原子序数(effective atomic number)有机金属化合物(organometallic compound)有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应(inductive effect)羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道(atomic orbital)Z(Zusammen,德文,在一起之意)杂化轨道(hybrid orbital)杂环碳架(heterocycle carbon constitution)甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖(sucrose)-折叠(beta-pleated sheet)蒸馏法(distillation)质谱(mass spectroscopy)质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon;cycloalkane)直立键(a键,axial bond)重氮化反应(diazotization reaction)重氮盐(diazonium salt)重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应(pericyclic reaction)转化糖(invert sugar)自由基(free radical)自由基链反应(free radical chain reaction)β-紫罗兰酮(β-ionone )。

有机化学英文命名大全共61页文档

有机化学英文命名大全共61页文档

一: hen(i)-;二: do-;三: tri(a)-;四: tetra-…
10. deca-
20: eicosa-
30: triaconta-
11: undeca, hendeca- 21: heneicosa-
31: hentriaconta-
12: dodeca-
22: docosa-
40: tetraconta-
1. Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons:(烃 类命名法)
Number Prefix(数字前缀):
总碳数≤10时
甲: meth-
壬: nona-
乙: eth-
癸: deca-
丙: prop-
丁: buta-
戊: penta-
己: hexa-

庚: hepta-
辛: octa-
总碳数>10时:
支链烃类(hydrocarbon with branched chains)的命名:
i). 以最长的碳链为主链,从一端向另一端编 号,使侧链具有最低编号。如有几个侧链, 按侧链取代基字头的英文字母顺序排列。
例: CH3(CH2)3CHCH(CH2)2CH3 H3CCH2CH2CH3 :
5-甲基-4-丙基壬烷 5-methyl-4-propylnonane
17: heptadeca-
27: heptacosa-
90: nonaconta-
18: octadeca-
28: octacosa-
19: nonadeca-
29: nonacosa-
表示取代基相对位置的字头:
iso- 异;
cis- 顺; trans- 反

有机化学术语(中英文对照)

有机化学术语(中英文对照)

1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxy group琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal缩醛 acetal缩酮 ketal西佛碱 shiff's base肟 oxime腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone羧酸 carboxylic acid酰卤 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide內酯 lactone内酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羟基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基化合物 njtro compound亚胺 imine胺 amine伯胺 primary amine仲胺 secondary amine叔胺 tertiary amine季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐 diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate膦酸 phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol呋喃 furane噻吩 thiophone吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine咪唑 imidazole噻唑 thioazole吡啶 pyridine喹啉 quinoline异喹啉 isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts黄酮 flavone嘧啶 pirimidine嘌呤 purine4.有机天然产物肽 peptide多肽 polypeptide核酸 nucleic acid核苷 nucleoside核苷酸 nucleotide生物碱 alkaloid碳水化合物 carbohydrate单糖 monosaccharide醛糖 aldoses酮糖 ketosesD-核糖 riboseD-2-脱氧核糖 deoxyribose葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose糖脎 osazone糖苷 glucoside低聚糖 oligosaccharide麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose纤维二糖 cellobiose环糊精 cyclodextrin多糖 polysaccharide淀粉 starch纤维素 cellulose类脂 lipid萜类化合物 terpenoid甾族化合物 steroid脂肪 fat油 oil脂肪酸 fatty acid甘油三羧酸酯 triglyceride磷脂 phospholipid磷脂酸 phosphalidic acid蜡 wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论 valence-bond theory分子轨道理论 molecular orbital theory 共振论 resonance theory凯库勒式 Kekule formula路易斯式 Lewis formulaσ键σ bondπ键π bond键能 bond energy键角 bond angle键长 bond Iength成键轨道 bonding orbital反键轨道 antibonding orbital最高已占轨道 HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital最低末占轨道 LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 诱导效应 inductive effect共轭效应 conjugated effectπ,π-共轭π,π- conjugationp,π-共轭p,π- conjugation超共轭作用 hyperconjugation离域能 delocalization energy共振能 resonance energy给电子基团 electron donating group吸电子基团 electron withdrawing group芳性 aromaticity休克尔规律 Huckel's rule两性离子 Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体 isomer构造 constitution构型 configuration构象 conformation构造异构 constitutional isomerism立体异构 stereo isomerism构型异构 configurational isomerism顺反异构 cis-trans isomerism次序规则 sequence ruIe同侧 Zugammen Z异侧 Entgegen E顺式 cis反式 trans对映异构 enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构 optical isomerism旋光性 optical activity旋光度 optical rotation比旋光度 specific rotation对称面 plane of symmetry对称中心 center of symmetry对称轴 axis of symmetry手性 chirality手性分子 chiral molecules对映异构体,对映体 enantiomer非对映体 diastereomer外消旋体 raceme左旋体 leveisomer右旋体 dextroisomer内消旋体 mesomer费歇尔投影式 Fischer projection相对构型 relative configuration绝对构型 absolute configurationR -构型 R -configurationS -构型 S -configuration赤式 erythro苏式 threo外消旋化 racemization拆分 resolution光学纯度 Optical Purity对映体过量百分数 enantiomeric excess立体专一性反应 stereospecific reaction 立体选择性反应 stereoselective reaction不对称合成 asymmetric synthesis构象异构 conformational isomerism构象分析 conformational analysis锯架式 perspective formula纽曼投影式 Newman projection formula椅式 chair form船式 boat form直立键 a键 axial bond 平伏键 e键 equatorial bond互变异构 tautomerism酮式 keto-form烯醇式 enol-form差向异构化 epimerization变旋现象 mutamerism哈武斯式 Haworth form7.有机反应的名称取代反应 substitution reaction加成反应 addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律 Markovnikov rule 共轭加成 conjugate addition消去反应 elemination reaction查依采夫规律 Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律 Hofmann rule硼氢化反应 hydroboration催化加氢 catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应 polymerization单体 monomer聚合物 polymer硝化反应 nitration卤化反应 halogenation磺化反应 sulfonation烷基化反应 alkylation酰基化反应 acylation酯化反应 esterification酯交换反应 transesterification脱羧反应 decarboxylation氯甲基化反应 chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应 Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反应 Grignard reaction格利雅试剂 (格氏试剂) Grignard reagent赖默-梯曼反应 Reimer-Tiemann reaction卤仿反应 haloform reaction水解反应 hydrolysis reaction醇解反应 alcoholysis reaction氨解反应 ammonolysisi reaction皂化 saponification插烯作用 vinylogy缩合 condensation克莱森缩合 Claisen condensation安息香缩合 benzoin condensation羟醛缩合 aldol condensation列弗尔马茨基反应 Reformatsky reaction迈克尔反应 Michael reaction诺文格尔反应 Knoevenagel reaction加布里反应 Gabriel reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法 acetoacetic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成法 malonic ester synthesis 威廉逊合成法 William Son synthesis海森堡试验 Hinsberg test重氮化反应 diazotization reaction偶联反应 coupling reaction脱氨基反应 deamination reaction维悌希反应 Wittig reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction周环反应 pericyclic reaction环加成反应 cycloaddition reaction电环化反应 electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎罗反应 Cannizzaro reaction齐齐巴宾反应 Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应 Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂 Fehling reagent托伦试剂 Tollens reagent沃克还原 Wolff-Kishner reduction罗森蒙德还原 Rosenmund reduction克莱门森还原 Clemmenson reduction考普重排 Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排 Hofmann rearrangement嚬哪醇重排 pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排 Fries rearrangement克莱森重排 Claisen rearrangement二烯体 diene亲二烯体 dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理 conversation of orbital symmetry8.有机反应机理均裂 homolytic异裂 heterolytic活性中间体 active intermediate碳正离子 carbocation碳负离子 carbanion烯醇负离子 enolate anion自由基,游离基 free radical卡宾,碳烯 carbene氮烯 nitrene速度决定步骤 rate-determining step哈蒙特假定 Hammond postulate能线图 energy profile过渡状态 transition state邻基参与 neighboring group participation动力学控制 kinetic control热力学控制 thermodynamic control离去基团 leaving group底物 substrate亲电试剂 electrofphile亲核试剂 nucleophile亲电加成反应 electrophilic addition亲电取代反应 electrophilic substitution定位规律 orientation rule亲核取代反应 nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反应机理 SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反应机理 SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化 Walden inversion亲核加成反应 nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应 nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction 消去反应机理 elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理 E1 reaction mechanismE2 反应机理 E2 reaction mechanism反式消去 anti elimination重排反应机理 rearrangement reaction mechanism自由基反应 free radical reaction链引发 chain initation链增长 chain propagation链终止 chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱 IR Infrared spectra傅立叶变换 Fourier Transform指纹区 finger print region吸收频率 absorption frequency紫外光谱 UV Ultraviolet spectra电子跃迁 elctronic transition吸光度 absorbance摩尔消光系数 molar extinction coefficient发色团 chromophore助色团 auxochrome核磁共振 NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 谱 1HNMR spectra13CNMR 谱 13CNMR spectra屏蔽效应 shielding effect化学位移 chemical shift自旋偶合 spin-spin coupling自旋裂分 spin-spin splitting偶合常数 coupling constant质子去偶 proton spin decoupling 质子偏共振去偶 proton off-resonance decoupling质谱 Mass Spectra(MS)电子流轰击 election impact (EI)快原子轰击 fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子离子峰 molecular ion peak同位素峰 isotopic peak基峰 base peak质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键 hydrogen bond色散力 dispersion force 范德华力 Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力 dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点 melting point沸点 boiling point密度 density溶解度 solubility偶极矩 dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性 acidity碱性 basicity<HTML>本站材料仅为本院教师与学生教学所用,请勿它用!</HTML>有机化合物编辑[yǒu jīhuàhéwù]有机化合物主要由氢元素、碳元素组成,含碳的化合物,但是不包括一氧化碳、二氧化碳和以碳酸根结尾的物质。

有机化学术语(中英文对照)

有机化学术语(中英文对照)

1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group 双键 double bond 三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxy group 琉基 mercapto 硫轻基 sulfhydryl group 羰基 carbonyl group 氨基 amino group 亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group 亚硝基 nitroso group 氰基 cyano group 羧基 carboxyl group 磺基 sulpho group 烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group 卡基 benzyl group 芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group 烷氧基 alkoxyl group 酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon 石蜡 paraffin 脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon 烷烃 alkane 烯烃 alkene 炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene 脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound 桥环化合物 bridged ring compound 芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon 非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics 卤代烃 halohydrocarbon 醇 alcohol 酚 phenol 醚 ether 环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether 硫醇 thiol 硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide 二硫化物 disulfide 亚磺酸 sulfinic acid 磺酸 sulfonic acid 亚砜 sulfoxide 砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde 酮 ketone 半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal 缩醛 acetal 缩酮 ketal西佛碱 shiff's base 肟 oxime 腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazone αβ-不饱和酮αβ--unsaturated ketone醌 quinone 羧酸 carboxylic acid 酰卤acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride 酯 ester 酰胺 amide內酯 lactone 内酰胺 lactam 月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid 羟基酸 hydroxy acid 醇酸 alcoholic acid 酚酸 phenolic acid 酮酸 keto acid B-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester 乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate 亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound 硝基化合物 njtro compound 亚胺 imine 胺 amine伯胺 primary amine 仲胺 secondary amine 叔胺 tertiary amine 季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt 季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐 diazonium salt 偶氮化合物 azo compound 胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid 磷 phosphine 磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphate 膦酸酯 phosphonate 膦酸 phosphonic acid 3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol 呋喃 furane 噻吩 thiophone 吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine 咪唑 imidazole 噻唑 thioazole 吡啶 pyridine 喹啉 quinoline 异喹啉 isoquinoline 吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts 黄酮 flavone 嘧啶 pirimidine 嘌呤 purine4.有机天然产物肽 peptide 多肽 polypeptide 核酸 nucleic acid 核苷 nucleoside 核苷酸 nucleotide 生物碱 alkaloid碳水化合物 carbohydrate 单糖 monosaccharide 醛糖 aldoses酮糖 ketoses D-核糖 ribose D-2-脱氧核糖 deoxyribose 葡萄糖 glucose 果糖 fructose 糖脎 osazone糖苷 glucoside 低聚糖 oligosaccharide 麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose 纤维二糖 cellobiose 环糊精 cyclodextrin 多糖 polysaccharide 淀粉 starch 纤维素 cellulose 类脂 lipid 萜类化合物 terpenoid 甾族化合物 steroid 脂肪 fat 油 oil 脂肪酸 fatty acid 甘油三羧酸酯 triglyceride 磷脂 phospholipid磷脂酸 phosphalidic acid 蜡 wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论 valence-bond theory 分子轨道理论 molecular orbital theory 共振论 resonance theory 凯库勒式 Kekule formula路易斯式 Lewis formula σ键σ bondπ键π bond键能 bond energy 键角 bond angle 键长 bond Iength 成键轨道 bonding orbital 反键轨道 antibonding orbital 最高已占轨道 HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital最低末占轨道 LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital诱导效应 inductive effect 共轭效应 conjugated effectππ-共轭ππ- conjugation pπ-共轭pπ- conjugation超共轭作用 hyperconjugation 离域能 delocalization energy 共振能 resonance energy 给电子基团 electron donating group吸电子基团 electron withdrawing group 芳性 aromaticity休克尔规律 Huckel's rule 两性离子 Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体 isomer 构造 constitution 构型 configuration构象 conformation 构造异构 constitutional isomerism立体异构 stereo isomerism 构型异构 configurational isomerism顺反异构 cis-trans isomerism 次序规则 sequence ruIe同侧 Zugammen Z 异侧 Entgegen E 顺式 cis 反式 trans对映异构 enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构 optical isomerism 旋光性 optical activity 旋光度 optical rotation比旋光度 specific rotation 对称面 plane of symmetry对称中央 center of symmetry 对称轴 axis of symmetry手性 chirality 手性分子 chiral molecules对映异构体,对映体 enantiomer 非对映体 diastereomer 外消旋体 raceme 左旋体 leveisomer 右旋体 dextroisomer 内消旋体 mesomer 费歇尔投影式 Fischer projection 相对构型 relative configuration 绝对构型 absolute configuration R -构型 R -configurationS -构型 S –configuration 赤式erythro 苏式 threo外消旋化 racemization 拆分 resolution光学纯度 Optical Purity 对映体过量百分数 enantiomeric excess 立体专一性反应 stereospecific reaction立体选择性反应 stereoselective reaction不对称合成 asymmetric synthesis 构象异构 conformational isomerism 构象分析conformational analysis 锯架式 perspective formula纽曼投影式 Newman projection formula 椅式 chair form 船式 boat form 竖立键 a键 axial bond 平伏键 e键 equatorial bond 互变异构 tautomerism 酮式 keto-form 烯醇式 enol-form 差向异构化 epimerization 变旋现象 mutamerism 哈武斯式 Haworth form 7.有机反应的名称取代反应 substitution reaction 加成反应 addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律 Markovnikov rule 共轭加成 conjugate addition 消去反应 elemination reaction 查依采夫规律 Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律 Hofmann rule 硼氢化反应 hydroboration催化加氢 catalytic hydrogenation 聚合反应 polymerization 单体 monomer 聚合物 polymer 硝化反应 nitration 卤化反应 halogenation 磺化反应 sulfonation 烷基化反应 alkylation 酰基化反应 acylation 酯化反应 esterification 酯交换反应 transesterification脱羧反应 decarboxylation 氯甲基化反应 chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应 Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反应 Grignard reaction 格利雅试剂 (格氏试剂) Grignard reagent 赖默-梯曼反应 Reimer-Tiemann reaction 卤仿反应 haloform reaction 水解反应 hydrolysis reaction 醇解反应 alcoholysis reaction 氨解反应 ammonolysisi reaction 皂化 saponification 插烯作用 vinylogy 缩合 condensation 克莱森缩合 Claisen condensation安息香缩合 benzoin condensation 羟醛缩合 aldol condensation 列弗尔马茨基反应 Reformatsky reaction 迈克尔反应 Michael reaction 诺文格尔反应 Knoevenagel reaction 加布里反应 Gabriel reaction 乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法 acetoacetic ester synthesis丙二酸酯合成法 malonic ester synthesis威廉逊合成法 William Son synthesis 海森堡试验 Hinsberg test重氮化反应 diazotization reaction 偶联反应 coupling reaction 脱氨基反应 deamination reaction 维悌希反应 Wittig reaction 氧化反应 oxidation reaction 还原反应 reduction reaction 周环反应 pericyclic reaction 环加成反应 cycloaddition reaction 电环化反应 electrocyclic reaction 坎尼扎罗反应 Cannizzaro reaction 齐齐巴宾反应 Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应 Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂 Fehling reagent 托伦试剂 Tollens reagent沃克还原 Wolff-Kishner reduction 罗森蒙德还原 Rosenmund reduction 克莱门森还原 Clemmenson reduction 考普重排 Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排 Hofmann rearrangement 嚬哪醇重排 pinacol rearrangement 弗里茨重排 Fries rearrangement 克莱森重排 Claisen rearrangement 二烯体 diene 亲二烯体 dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理 conversation of orbital symmetry8.有机反应机理均裂 homolytic 异裂 heterolytic 活性中间体 active intermediate碳正离子 carbocation 碳负离子 carbanion 烯醇负离子 enolate anion自由基,游离基 free radical 卡宾,碳烯 carbine 氮烯 nitrene速度决定步骤 rate-determining step 哈蒙特假定 Hammond postulate能线图 energy profile 过渡状态 transition state邻基参与 neighboring group participation 动力学控制 kinetic control热力学控制 thermodynamic control 离去基团 leaving group底物 substrate 亲电试剂 electrofphile 亲核试剂 nucleophile 亲电加成反应 electrophilic addition亲电取代反应 electrophilic substitution 定位规律 orientation rule亲核取代反应 nucleophilic substitutionSN2反应机理 SN2 reaction mechanism SN1反应机理 SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化 Walden inversion 亲核加成反应 nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应 nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction消去反应机理 elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理 E1 reaction mechanism E2 反应机理 E2 reaction mechanism反式消去anti elimination 重排反应机理rearrangement reaction mechanism自由基反应 free radical reaction 链引发 chain initation链增长 chain propagation 链终止 chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱 IR Infrared spectra 傅立叶变换 Fourier Transform指纹区 finger print region 吸收频率 absorption frequency紫外光谱 UV Ultraviolet spectra 电子跃迁 elctronic transition吸光度 absorbance 摩尔消光系数 molar extinction coefficient 发色团 chromophore 助色团 auxochrome核磁共振 NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1HNMR 谱 1HNMR spectra 13CNMR 谱 13CNMR spectra 屏蔽效应 shielding effect 化学位移 chemical shift 自旋偶合 spin-spin coupling 自旋裂分 spin-spin splitting 偶合常数 coupling constant 质子去偶 proton spin decoupling 质谱 Mass Spectra(MS)质子偏共振去偶 proton off-resonance decoupling电子流轰击 election impact (EI) 快原子轰击 fast atom bombarment (FAB) 分子离子峰 molecular ion peak 同位素峰 isotopic peak 基峰 base peak 质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键 hydrogen bond 色散力 dispersion force 范德华力 Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力 dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点 melting point 沸点 boiling point 密度 density溶解度 solubility 偶极矩 dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性 acidity 碱性 basicity。

化学专业英语有机化合物中英文命名二

化学专业英语有机化合物中英文命名二
ane , Alkene , Alkyne
的最后一个字母e,加上后缀 “ol”
2、醇- Alcohols

Systematic name: Select the longest continuous chain to which the OH group is directly attached, and give the OH group the possible lower position number.
官能团化合物

卤代烃-Alkyl halides

醇- Alcohols 硫醇-Thiols 醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM)


硫醇盐-The salts of thiols (RSM)
醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
官能团化合物


环氧化合物-Epoxides
CH3O- C-C-O- C-C-C-O- C-C-C-C-Omethoxy ethoxy propoxy butoxy C5H11OC6H13Osuffix: -yloxy pentyloxy hexyloxy

6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)

Systematic name
CH3OCH2CH2OCH3 1,2-dimethoxyethane
OH HO-C-C-C-OH
2、醇- Alcohols
OH CH H3C CH3
2-propanol isopropanol
2、醇- Alcohols
CH3 CH H3C CH2 C3H7 CH CH CH3 OH
Cl Cl
5-methyl-3-propyl-2-hexanol

有机化学中英文命名

有机化学中英文命名

烷基的系统命名法适用于各种情况,它的命名方法是:将失去 氢原子的碳定位为1,从它出发,选一个最长的链为烷基的主链,从 1位碳开始,依次编号,不在主链上的基团均作为主链的取代基处理。 写名称时,将主链上的取代基的编号和名称写在主链名称前面。例 如:下面的烷基从1号碳出发,有三个编号的方向,选碳原子数最多 的方向编号,该碳链为烷基的主链,称为丁基(butyl),在该主链 的1位碳上有两个取代基:甲基、乙基。所以该烷基的名称为1−甲基 −1−乙基丁基。
CH3
4 3 21
CH3CH2CH2C
CH2CH3
(iii)顺序规则
有机化合物中的各种基团可以按一定的规则来排列先后次序,这个规则称 为顺序规则(cahn−lngold−prelog sequence),其主要内容如下:
① 将单原子取代基按原子序数(atomic number)大小排列,原子序数大的顺 序在前,原子序数小的顺序在后,有机化合物中常见的元素顺序如下:
H
CH3 H
CH3
CH3
CH2
C
C
CH2
CH3
(3R, 4S) 3, 4二 甲基 己烷
构型
取代基 位置号
取代基 取代基 个数 名称
母体 名称
(v)命名原则和命名步骤
命名时,首先要确定主链。命名烷烃时,确定主链的原则是:首先考 虑链的长短,长的优先。若有两条或多条等长的最长链时,则根据侧链的 数目来确定主链,多的优先。若仍无法分出哪条链为主链,则依次考虑下 面的原则,侧链位次小的优先,各侧链碳原子数多的优先,侧分支少的优 先。主链确定后,要根据最低系列原则(lowest series principle)对主链进 行编号。最低系列原则的内容是:使取代基的号码尽可能小,若有多个取 代基,逐个比较,直至比出高低为止。最后,根据有机化合物名称的基本 格式写出全名。

有机化学药物英文名词

有机化学药物英文名词

有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A.Couper(古柏尔)acridine(吖啶)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine(腺嘌呤)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule(开库勒)alanine(丙氨酸)alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane(烷烃)alkene(烯烃)alkylation(傅-克烷基化反应)alkyne(炔烃)aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines(胺类)amide(酰胺)amidino(脒基)amino acid(氨基酸)β-aminobutyric acid(β-氨基丁酸)ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula(锯架式)andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene(轮烯)anomer(异头物)anomeric effect(异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene(蒽)antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound(反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚)aromatic compound(芳香性化合物)aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)aromaticity(芳香性)aromatization(芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine(精氨酸)aspartic acid(天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子)atomic orbital(原子轨道)A.Wurtz reaction(武兹反应)axial bond(直立键,a键)azulene)Baeyerbaicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸)base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole(苯并咪唑)benzothiazole(苯并噻唑)benzene(苯)berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius(伯察留史)beta-pleated sheet( -折叠)bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate(生物甲基化)biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond (σ键)πbond (π键)borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon(桥环烃)bytrepob(布特力洛夫)camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene(卡宾;碳烯)carbohydrate(碳水化合物)carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose(纤维二糖)cellulose(纤维素)cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution(链状碳架)chain initiation step(链引发阶段)chain propagation step(链增长阶段)chain termination step(链终止阶段)chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex(电荷转移络合物)chemical bond(化学键)chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin(甲壳质)chitosamine(壳糖胺)chlorophyll(叶绿素)cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography(色谱法)chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine(金鸡宁)cis-trans isomer(顺反异构体)cistrans isomerism(顺反异构)citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement(克莱森重排)Claisen-Schmidt reaction(克莱森-斯密特反应)cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction(协同反应)condensed nuclei hydrocarbon(稠环烃)conformation(构象)conformational isomerism(构象异构)coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene(共轭二烯烃)conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect(共轭效应)conservation of orbital symmetry(分子轨道对称性守恒理论)constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether(冠醚)cumulative diene(聚集二烯烃)curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution(环状碳架)cycloaddition recation(环加成反应)cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin(环糊精)cysteine(半胱氨酸)daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应)delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能)delocalized electron(离域电子)delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature(变性)deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer(非对映体)diazotization reaction(重氮化反应)diazonium salt(重氮盐)diborane(乙硼烷)dichlorocarbene(二氯卡宾)β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction(狄尔斯—阿尔德反应)diene(双烯体,二烯烃)dienophile(亲双烯体)dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation(蒸馏法)diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number(有效原子序数)E.J.Cory—H.House reaction(科瑞—郝思反应)electric field scan(电场扫描)18-electron rule(18电子规则)electromeric effect(电性效应)electrophilic addition(亲电加成反应)electrophilic substitution(亲电取代)electrophile(亲电性试剂)elimination reaction(消除反应)Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1- emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism (对映异构)enantiomer(对映体)end -group effect (端基效应)entgegen (E,相反之意)energy of activation (活化能)enzyme (酶)ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯)epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素,没食子酸酯)epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation (环氧化反应)equatorial bond(平伏键,e 键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid (必需氨基酸)essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction (萃取法)farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical (自由基)free radical chain reaction (自由基链反应)Freon (氟利昂)Friedel-Crafts reaction (傅瑞德尔-克拉夫兹反应)reagent ( 试剂 ) frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose (果糖)fucose (海藻糖)furan (呋喃)fused ring carbon constitution (稠环碳架)F.Wohler (武勒)Gabreil reaction (盖布瑞尔合成法)..Frohde ..Frohdegalactose(半乳糖)gallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯)Gattermann-Koch reaction(盖特曼-科希反应)geometricalisomer(几何异构体)germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose(葡萄糖)glutamic acid(谷氨酸)glutamine(谷酰胺)glycerol(甘油)glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen(糖原)glycoside(糖苷)glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin(哥美林)green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction(格氏反应)Grignard Reagent(格林那试剂,格氏试剂)G.Schiemann reaction(希曼反应)guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine(鸟嘌呤)guanyl (脒基)haloform(卤仿)halogenation(卤代反应)halogenation reaction(卤化反应)Haworth(哈沃斯)heat of hydrogenation(氢化热)heat of reaction(反应热)hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction(兴斯堡反应)histidine(组氨酸)H.Kolbe(科尔贝)Hoffmann degradation(霍夫曼降解反应)Hoffmann elimination(霍夫曼消除)Hoffmann exhaustive methylation(霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应)HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital,最高被占用分子轨道) homolog(同系物)homologous series(同系列)hormone (激素)Hückel rule(休克尔规则)hybrid orbital(杂化轨道)hydroboration(硼氢化反应)hydrocortisone (氢化可的松)hydrogen bond(氢键)hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱)hyperconjugation effect(超共轭效应)imidazole(咪唑)inclusion compound(包含物)indole(吲哚)inductive effect(诱导效应)infrared spectroscopy(红外光谱)insulin(胰岛素)invert sugar(转化糖)iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point(PI,等电点)isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene(隔离二烯烃)isoleucine(异亮氨酸)isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer(同分异构体)isoquinoline(异喹啉)isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole(异噻唑)isoxazole(异噁唑)Jones reagent(琼斯试剂)ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement(傅瑞斯重排)K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction(克脑文盖尔反应)Kolbe-Schmidt reaction(柯尔柏-施密特反应)Kutchcrov reaction(库切洛夫反应)lactose(乳糖)lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine(亮氨酸)leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar(林德拉)liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide(甲基锂)lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent(卢卡斯试剂)LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine(赖氨酸)maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan(磁场扫描)malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose(麦芽糖)Mannich reaction(满尼希反应)mannose(甘露糖)mass spectroscopy(质谱)matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot(佰赛儒)Mclafferty(麦可拉费蒂重排)(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)(±)-menthol [(±)-薄荷醇]menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer (内消旋体)methionine(蛋氨酸)methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素)molecular orbital(分子轨道)molecular orbital theory(分子轨道理论)monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核)monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜)monosaccharide(单糖)morphine (吗啡)mutarotation(变旋光现象)naphthalene(萘)narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应)(±)-neomenthol [(±)-新薄荷醇]nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection (纽曼投影式)Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration (硝化反应)nitro compound (硝基化合物)nonaromatic compound (非芳香性化合物) nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon (非苯芳烃)nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (核磁共振谱) nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应)nucleophilic reagent (亲核试剂)nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide (寡糖)frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)Oppenaner oxidizing reaction (欧芬脑尔氧化) optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound (有机金属化合物) organometallics (金属有机化合物)orientation rule (定位规则)oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole (噁唑)oxidation number (氧化值)oxidation state (氧化态)盐)oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin (烷烃)pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide (肽)peptide bond (肽键)peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction (周环反应)Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation (透析法)peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷)phenanthrene (菲)phenylalanine(苯丙氨酸)phosphorus ylide(膦叶立德)phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol(频哪醇)pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光)polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(多环芳烃)polymer(聚合物)polynuclear aromatic compound(稠环芳烃)polypeptide(多肽)polyreaction(聚合反应)polysaccharide(多糖)polytetrafluroethyleney(泰氟隆)unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation(沉淀法)primary structure(一级结构)proanthocyanidin (原花色素)progesterone (黄体酮)protein(蛋白质)pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine(蝶啶)purine(嘌呤)pyran(吡喃)pyrazine(吡嗪)pyrazole(吡唑)pyridazine(哒嗪)pyridine(吡啶)pyrimidine(嘧啶)pyrrole(吡咯)quaternary structure(四级结构)quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline(喹啉)quinones(醌)racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization(外消旋化)rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni(兰尼镍)reaction mechanism(反应历程)Reimer-Tiemann reaction(瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应)reserpine (利血平)residue(残基)resonance energy(共振能)resonance hybrid(共振杂化体)resonance theory(共振论)resonating structure(共振结构式)resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward(伍德沃德)rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose(核糖)rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide(糖类)Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction(桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应)Sandmeyer reaction(桑得迈尔反应)saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent(沙瑞特试剂)Sawhares projection(萨哈斯投影式)sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure(二级结构)securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D)serine(丝氨酸)sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction(σ键迁移反应)silane(硅烷)single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)(亲核取代)S N1(单分子亲核取代反应)S N2 (双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应)sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon(螺环烃)squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch(淀粉)stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer(立体异构)stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement(史蒂文斯重排)stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose(蔗糖)sulfonation(磺化反应)systematic nomenclature(系统命名法)taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer(互变异构体)tautomerism(互变异构现象)taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols(茶多酚)Teflon (泰氟隆)terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure(三级结构)testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane(四甲基硅烷)tetraterpenoid(四萜类)thiazole(噻唑)thiophene(噻吩)threonine(苏氨酸)torsional energy(扭转能)torsional strain(扭转张力)transition sate(过渡态)triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium(三甲基铝)triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan(色氨酸)tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine(酪氨酸)uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine(乌洛托品)valence bond method(价键学说)valine(缬氨酸)visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy(可见-紫外光谱)vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12(维生素B12)Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis(威廉森合成法)Wittig reaction(维蒂希反应)zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen(Z,德文,在一起之意)中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶(acridine)埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应(benzoic condensation reaction)氨基酸(amino acid)β-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid)氨解(ammonolysis)胺(amines)azulene)2反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳(Baeyer)佰赛儒(M. Besthelot)半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸(cysteine)半乳糖(galactose)包含物(inclusion compound)苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)苯(benzene)苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑(benzimidazole)苯并噻唑(benzothiazole)倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)变性(denature)变旋光现象(mutarotation)表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸(alanine)丙氨酸乙硫酯(ethyl alanine sulfide)丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史(Berzelius)柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)(±)—薄荷醇((±)—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫(Bytrepob)布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基(residue)草酸(oxalic acid)超共轭效应(hyperconjugation effect)差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚(tea polyphenols)β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法(precipitation)橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃(polynuclear aromatic compound)稠环碳架(fused ring carbon constitution)醇钠(sodium alcohols)醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描(magnetic field scan)β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法(extraction)DDQ(2,3-二氯-5,6-氰基-1,4-苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪(pyridazine)单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖(monosaccharide)单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸(methionine)蛋白质(protein)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点(isoelectric point ,PI)迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯-阿尔德(Diels-Alher)电场扫描(electric field scan)电性效应(electromeric effect)电荷转移络合物(charge-transfer complex)碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉(starch)敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶(pteridine)丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则(orientationg rule)动力学概念(dynamical concept)豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应(end-group effect)对映异构(enantiomerism)对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)多糖(polysaccharide)多肽(polypeptide)多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E(entgegen,德文,相反之意)EAN规则(EAN rule)莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑(oxazole)蒽(anthracene)蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃(diene)二氯卡宾(dichlorocarbene)二甲亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide)二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构(secondary structure)二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D)番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物(antiaromatic compound)反应历程(reaction mechanism)反应热(heat of reaction)芳香烃(aromatic hydrocarbon)芳香性(aromaticity)芳香性化合物(aromatic compound)芳构化(aromatization)放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物(nonaromatic compound)非离子表面活性剂(nonionic)非对映体(diasteroisomer)非质子性溶剂(nonprotonic solvent )非苯芳烃(nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon)菲(phenanthrene)斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔(E.Fischer)费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道(molecular orbital)分子轨道对称性守恒理论(conservation of orbital symmetry theory)分子轨道理论(molecular orbital theory)酚苄明(Phenoxybenzamine)芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明(fenfluramine)粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸(flufenamic Acid)福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应(Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction)傅瑞斯重排(K.fries rearrangement)傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)辅酶Q10(coenzyme Q10)呋喃(furan)盖布瑞尔合成法(Gabreil reaction)盖特曼-科希(Gattermann-Koch)反应甘露糖(mannose)甘氨酸(glycine)甘油(glycerol)甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid)甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃(isolated diene)格林那试剂(Grignard reagent)哥美林(Gmelin)共振能(resonance energy)共振论(resonance theory)共振杂化体(resonance hybrid)共振结构式(resonating structure)共轭效应(conjugative effect)共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃(conjugated diene)构象(conformation)构象异构(conformational isomerism)构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸(glutamic acid)谷酰胺(glutamine)古柏尔(A. Couper)古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖(oligasaccharide)冠醚(crown ether)光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷(silane)硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态(transition state)果糖(fructose)哈沃斯(Haworth)海藻糖(fucose)核磁共振谱(nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy)核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖(ribose)(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱(infrared spectroscopy)互变异构现象(tautomerism)互变异构体(tautomer)胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键(chemical bond)花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃(cyclic hydrocarbon)环氧化反应(epoxidation)环加成反应(cycloaddition recation)环状碳架(cyclic carbon constitution)环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精(cyclodextrin)α,β-环氧酸酯(α,β-cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应(sulfonation)活化能(energy of activation)霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应(Hoffmann degradation)霍夫曼消除(Hoffmann elimination)霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应(Hoffmann exhaustive methylation)几何异构体(geometricalisomer)己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂(lithium methlde)甲壳质(chitin)价键学说(valence bond method)假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键(σbond)σ键迁移反应(sigmatropic reaction)π键(πbond)碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物(metalloorganic compound)金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁(cinchonine)金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸(arginine)竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物(polymer)聚合反应(polyreaction)聚集二烯烃(cumulative diene)锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula)卡宾(碳烯)(Carbene)开息纳尔-武尔夫(Kishner-Wolff)-黄鸣龙法凯库勒(A. Kekule)康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝(H. Kolbe)科瑞—郝思反应(E.J.Cory—H.House reaction)可的松(cortisone)可见-紫外光谱(visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy)克莱森-斯密特(Claisen-Schmidt)反应克脑文盖尔(Knoevenagel)反应克莱门森(Clemmensen)还原反应克莱森重排(Claisen rearrangement)克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应(Kolbe-schmidt reaction)柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺(chitosamine)苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应(Kutchcrov reaction)奎宁(quinine)喹啉(quinoline)醌(quinones)醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸(lysine)兰尼镍(Raney Ni)莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构(stereoisomer)离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子(delocalized electron)离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段(chain initiation step)链增长阶段(chain propagation step)链终止阶段(chain termination step)链状碳架(chain carbon constitution)亮氨酸(leucine)林德拉(Lindlar)膦叶立德(phosphorus ylide)膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention)龙脑(borneol)卤代反应(halogenation)卤仿(haloform)卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂(Lucas reagent)芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α-卵磷脂(α-lecithine )轮烯(annulene)酪氨酸(tyrosine)罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃(spiro hydrocarbon)氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫(Markovnikov)规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂(Mclafferty)麦芽糖(maltose)麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希(Mannich)反应梅尔外英-彭多夫(Meerwein-Poundorf)还原反应酶(enzyme)没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶(pyrimidine)咪唑(imidazole)那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘(naphthalene)脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体(meso-form)尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤(guanine)尿嘧啶(uracil)柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式(Newmans projection formular)扭转能(torsional energy)扭转张力(torsional strain)欧芬脑尔氧化反应(Oppenaner oxidizing reaction)偶氮基(azo)偶合(偶联)反应(coupling reaction)偶合组分(或偶合剂)(coupling agent )偶极-离子键(dipolar-ionic bond )蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应(hydroboration))硼氢化钠(NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯(pyrrole)吡喃(pyran)吡嗪(pyrazine)吡唑(pyrazole)吡啶(pyridine)嘌呤(purine)频哪醇(pinacol)平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键,equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖(glucose)歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital)理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β-羟基醛(β-hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃(bridged hydrocarbon)鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂(electrophile)亲电加成反应(electrophilic addition)亲电取代(electrophilic substitution)亲核试剂(nucleophilic reagent)亲核加成反应(nucleophilic addition)亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体(dienophile)芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热(heat of hydrogenation)氢甲酰化法(hydroformylation)氢键(hydrogen bond)清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂(Jones reagent)炔烃(alkyne)热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖(lactose)瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应(Reamer-Timann reaction)萨哈斯投影式(Sawhares projection)噻吩(thiophene)噻唑(thiazole)三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝(trimethyl aluminium)三级结构(tertiary structure)三线态(triplet state)三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate)桑得迈尔反应(Sandmeyer reaction)桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应(Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction)色氨酸(tryptophan)色谱法(chromatography)沙瑞特试剂(Sarrett reagent)鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化(biological methylate)18电子规则(18- electron rule)史蒂文斯重排(Stevens rearrangement)石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体(diene)顺反异构(cistrans isomerism)顺反异构体(cis-trans isomer)四氢巴马汀(tetrahydropalmatine)四级结构(quaternary structure)四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction)四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷(tetramethylsilane)丝氨酸(serine)松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸(threonine)酸败(rancidity )缩醛(acetal)缩二脲反应(biuret reaction)肽(peptide)肽键(peptide bond)碳水化合物(carbohydrate)碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类(saccharide)糖苷(glycoside)糖原(glycogen)天冬氨酸(aspartic acid)天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列(homologous series)同系物(homolog)同分异构体(isomer)酮(ketone)透析法(permeation)1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化(racemization)烷烃(alkane)维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12(vitamin B12)维生素K1、K2(vitamin K1、K2)维蒂希反应(Wittig reaction)伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法(Williamson synthesis)武勒(F. Wohler)无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德(R.B.Woodward)武兹反应(A.Wurtz reaction)烯烃(alkene)系统命名法(systematic nomenclature)西佛碱(Schiff ’s base)希夫(schiff)试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱(schiff base)希曼反应(G.Schiemann reaction)纤维二糖(cellobiose)纤维素(cellulose)腺嘌呤(adenine)硝化反应(nitration)消除反应(elimination reaction)小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物(nitro compounds)协同反应(concerted reaction)缬氨酸(valine)(±)—新薄荷醇[(±)—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应(Hinsberg reaction)胸腺嘧啶(thymine)12-15休克尔规则(Hückel rule)比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素(haemachrome)亚硝酸(nitrous acid)烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐(oxonium salt)氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态(oxidation state)氧化值(oxidation number)阳离子表面活性剂(cationic surface active agent)叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素(chlorophyll)一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构(primary structure)乙硼烷(diborane)1-乙炔基环戊醇(1-ethynyl cyclopentanol )乙二胺(ethylene diamine)乙烯酮(ethenone ;ketene )乙酸(acetic acid)乙二酸(ethanedioic acid )异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸(isoleucine)异头物(anomer)异头效应(anomeric effect)异噁唑(isoxazole)异噻唑(isothiazole)异腈(胩)(isonitrile)异喹啉(isoquinoline)胰岛素(insulin)阴离子表面活性剂(anionic surface active agent)茚三酮(ninhydrin )吲哚(indole)罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂(axunge;grease;lipin;)有效原子序数(effective atomic number)有机金属化合物(organometallic compound)有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应(inductive effect)羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道(atomic orbital)Z(Zusammen,德文,在一起之意)杂化轨道(hybrid orbital)杂环碳架(heterocycle carbon constitution)甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖(sucrose)-折叠(beta-pleated sheet)蒸馏法(distillation)质谱(mass spectroscopy)质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon;cycloalkane)直立键(a键,axial bond)重氮化反应(diazotization reaction)重氮盐(diazonium salt)重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应(pericyclic reaction)转化糖(invert sugar)自由基(free radical)自由基链反应(free radical chain reaction)β-紫罗兰酮(β-ionone )组氨酸(histidine)。

有机化学专业英语中英文对照

有机化学专业英语中英文对照

有机化学专业英语中英文对照第一章无机化学英文命名1.1元素的英文命名S-block ElementIAH Hydrogen Li Lithium Na Sodium K PotassiumRb Rubidium Cs Cesium Fr FranciumIIABe Beryllium Mg Magnesium Ca Calcium Sr Strontium Ba Barium Ra RadiumP-block ElementIIIA IV A V AB BoronC Carbon N NitrogenAl Aluminium Si Silicon P PhosphorusGa Gallium Ge Germanium As ArsenicIn Indium Sn Tin Sb AntimonyTl Thallium Pb Lead Bi BismuthVIA VIIA0He Helium O Oxygen F Fluorine Ne NeonS Sulfur Cl Chlorine Ar ArgonSe Selenium Br Bromine Kr KryptonTe Tellurium I Iodine Xe XenonPo Polonium At Astatine Rn RadonCommon Transition ElememtFe:iron Mn:manganese Cu:copper Zn:zincHg:mercury Ag:silver Au:gold1.2离子、氧化物、酸、碱、盐及其他化合物的英文命名Na+Sodium Al3+AluminumK+Potassium Ca2+CalciumFe2+Iron(II)or FerrousFe3+Iron(III)or FerricCr2+Chromium(II)Cr3+Chromium(III)Mn4+Manganese(IV)Mn2+Manganese(II)FeO:iron(II)oxide或ferrous oxideFe2O3:iron(III)oxide或ferric oxideCu2O:copper(I)oxide或cuprous oxideCuO:copper(II)oxide或cupric oxideCl-Chloride O=OxideBr-Bromide OH-HydroxideI-Iodide CN-CyanideS=Sulfide H-Hydride HF hydrogen fluoride HCl hydrogen chloride HBr hydrogen bromide HI hydrogen iodideH2S hydrogen sulfide H2Se hydrogen selenideH2Te hydrogen telluridePH3:phosphine或phosphane AsH3:arsine或arsaneSbH3:stibine或stibane BiH3:bismuthaneCH4:methane SiH4:silaneB2H6:diboraneHCl:hydrochloric acidH2S:hydrosulfuric acidAl(OH)3Aluminum hydroxideNaOH Sodium hydroxideCa(OH)2Calcium hydroxideBa(OH)2Barium hydroxideCo(OH)2Cobalt(II)hydroxideHgSO4Mercury(II)sulfateHg2SO4Mercury(I)sulfateKNO3Potassium nitrateNa2CO3Sodium carbonateNaClO Sodium hypochloriteFeSO4iron(II)sulfateKMnO4potassium permanganateNaHSO4Sodium hydrogen sulfateNa2HPO4Disodium hydrogen phosphateNaH2PO4Sodium dihydrogen phosphateCa(HSO4)2Calcium bisulfateNaHCO3Sodium hydrogencarbonate或Sodium bicarbonateAlCl3·6H2O:aluminum chloride6-water或aluminum chloride hexahydrateAlK(SO4)2·12H2O:aluminium potassium sulfate12-waterH2CO3Carbonic acidH2SO4Sulfuric acidH3PO4Phosphoric acidHNO3Nitric acidHClO4Perchloric acidHCl Hydrochloric acidH2SO3Sulfurous acidH3PO3Phosphorous acidHNO2Nitrous acidHClO Hypochlorous acidHClO2Chlorous acidNaming coordination complexLigandsCN-Cyano NO2-NitroF-Fluoro NO3-NitratoCl-Chloro CO3=CarbonatoBr-Bromo CH3COO-AcetatoO=Oxo H-HydridoOH-Hydroxo-O2CCO2-Oxalato1.3配位化学中常见配体的名称1.4常用无机化学专业英语词汇相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴化钠sodium bromide溴水bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron(III)oxide 乙醇ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯ethene银镜反应silver mirror reaction硬脂酸stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements 元素周期律periodic law of elements 原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯ester酯化反应esterification周期period族group(主族:main group)Bunsen burner本生灯product化学反应产物flask烧瓶apparatus设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass卵形瓶litmus石蕊litmus paper石蕊试纸graduate,graduated flask量筒,量杯reagent试剂test tube试管burette滴定管retort曲颈甑still蒸馏釜cupel烤钵crucible pot,melting pot坩埚pipette吸液管filter滤管stirring rod搅拌棒element元素body物体compound化合物atom原子gram atom克原子atomic weight原子量atomic number原子数atomic mass原子质量molecule分子electrolyte电解质ion离子anion阴离子cation阳离子electron电子isotope同位素isomer同分异物现象polymer聚合物symbol复合radical基structural formula分子式valence,valency价monovalent单价bivalent二价halogen成盐元素bond原子的聚合mixture混合combination合成作用compound合成物alloy合金organic chemistry有机化学inorganic chemistry无机化学derivative衍生物series系列acid酸hydrochloric acid盐酸sulphuric acid硫酸nitric acid硝酸aqua fortis王水fatty acid脂肪酸organic acid有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide氢化硫alkali碱,强碱ammonia氨base碱hydrate水合物hydroxide氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid氢酸hydrocarbon碳氢化合物,羟anhydride酐alkaloid生物碱aldehyde醛oxide氧化物phosphate磷酸盐acetate醋酸盐methane甲烷,沼气butane丁烷salt盐potassium carbonate碳酸钾soda苏打sodium carbonate碳酸钠caustic potash苛性钾caustic soda苛性钠ester酯gel凝胶体analysis分解fractionation分馏endothermic reaction吸热反应exothermic reaction放热反应precipitation沉淀to precipitate沉淀to distil,to distill蒸馏distillation蒸馏to calcine煅烧to oxidize氧化alkalinization碱化to oxygenate,to oxidize脱氧,氧化to neutralize中和to hydrogenate氢化to hydrate水合,水化to dehydrate脱水fermentation发酵solution溶解combustion燃烧fusion,melting熔解alkalinity碱性isomerism,isomery同分异物现象hydrolysis水解electrolysis电解electrode电极anode阳极,正极cathode阴极,负极catalyst催化剂catalysis催化作用oxidization,oxidation氧化reducer还原剂dissolution分解synthesis合成reversible可逆的摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass品红magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖glucose气体摩尔体积molar volume of gas 铅蓄电池lead storage battery强电解质strong electrolyte氢氟酸hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide取代反应substitution reaction醛aldehyde炔烃alkyne燃料电池fuel cell弱电解质weak electrolyte石油Petroleum水解反应hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride塑料plastic塑料的降解plastic degradation塑料的老化plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration酸雨acid rain羧酸carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass 极性键polar bond加成反应addition reaction加聚反应addition polymerization甲烷methane碱金属alkali metal碱石灰soda lime结构式structural formula聚合反应po1ymerization可逆反应reversible reaction空气污染指数air pollution index勒夏特列原理Le Chatelier's principle离子反应ionic reaction离子方程式ionic equation离子键ionic bond锂电池lithium cell两性氢氧化物amphoteric hydroxide两性氧化物amphoteric oxide裂化cracking裂解pyrolysis硫氰化钾potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠sodium sulphide氯化铵ammonium chloride氯化钡barium chloride氯化钾potassium chloride氯化铝aluminium chloride氯化镁magnesium chloride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化铁iron(III)chloride氯水chlorine water麦芽糖maltose煤coal酶enzyme二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅silicon dioxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide二氧化锰manganese dioxide芳香烃arene放热反应exothermic reaction非极性分子non-polar molecule非极性键non-polar bond肥皂soap分馏fractional distillation酚phenol复合材料composite干电池dry cell干馏dry distillation甘油glycerol高分子化合物polymer共价键covalent bond官能团functional group光化学烟雾photochemical fog过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide合成材料synthetic material合成纤维synthetic fiber合成橡胶synthetic rubber核电荷数nuclear charge number核素nuclide化学电源chemical power source化学反应速率chemical reaction rate氨ammonia氨基酸amino acid铵盐ammonium salt饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯benzene变性denaturation不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料superconductive material臭氧ozone醇alcohol次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠sodium acetate蛋白质protein氮族元素nitrogen group element碘化钾potassium iodide碘化钠sodium iodide电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionization equilibrium电子云electron cloud淀粉starch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper化学键chemical bond化学平衡chemical equilibrium 还原剂reducing agent磺化反应sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子polar molecule 2.5常用无机元素英文Actinium(Ac)锕Aluminium(Al)铝Americium(Am)镅Antimony(Sb)锑Argon(Ar)氩Arsenic(As)砷Astatine(At)砹Barium(Ba)钡Berkelium(Bk)锫Beryllium(Be)铍Bismuth(Bi)铋Boron(B)硼Bromine(Br)溴Cadmium(Cd)镉Caesium(Cs)铯Calcium(Ca)钙Californium(Cf)锎Carbon(C)碳Cerium(Ce)铈Chlorine(Cl)氯Chromium(Cr)铬Cobalt(Co)钴Copper(Cu)铜Curium(Cm)锔Dysprosium(Dy)镝Einsteinium(Es)锿Erbium(Er)铒Europium(Eu)铕Fermium(Fm)镄Fluorine(F)氟Francium(Fr)钫Gadolinium(Gd)钆Gallium(Ga)镓Germanium(Ge)锗Gold(Au)金Hafnium(Hf)铪Helium(He)氦Holmium(Ho)钬Hydrogen(H)氢Indium(In)铟Iodine(I)碘Iridium(Ir)铱Iron(Fe)铁Krypton(Kr)氪Lanthanum(La)镧Lawrencium(Lr)铹Lead(Pb)铅Lithium(Li)锂Lutetium(Lu)镥Magnesium(Mg)镁Manganese(Mn)锰Mendelevium(Md)钔Mercury(Hg)汞Molybdenum(Mo)钼Neodymium(Nd)钕Neon(Ne)氖Neptunium(Np)镎Nickel(Ni)镍Niobium(Nb)铌Nitrogen(N)氮Nobelium(No)锘Osmium(Os)锇Oxygen(O)氧Palladium(Pd)钯Phosphorus(P)磷Platinum(Pt)铂Plutonium(Pu)钚Polonium(Po)钋Potassium(K)钾Praseodymium(Pr)镨Promethium(Pm)钷Protactinium(Pa)镤Radium(Ra)镭Radon(Rn)氡Rhenium(Re)铼Rhodium(Rh)铑Rubidium(Rb)铷Ruthenium(Ru)钌Samarium(Sm)钐Scandium(Sc)钪Selenium(Se)硒Silicon(Si)硅Silver(Ag)银Sodium(Na)钠Strontium(Sr)锶Sulphur(S)锍Tantalum(Ta)钽Technetium(Tc)锝Tellurium(Te)碲Terbium(Tb)铽Thallium(Tl)铊Thorium(Th)钍Tin(Sn)锡Thulium(Tm)铥Titanium(Ti)钛Tungsten(W)钨Uranium(U)铀Vanadium(V)钒Xenon(Xe)氙Ytterbium(Yb)镱Yttrium(Y)钇Zinc(Zn)锌Zirconium(Zr)锆第二章有机化学英文命名2.1有机化学系统命名中主要官能团的优先顺序1.鎓盐(onium and similar cations)2.酸(acids):按COOH、(C)OOH次序,然后是它们的S和Se的衍生物,再次为磺酸、亚磺酸等。

有机化学英文命名大全

有机化学英文命名大全
1,2-dibromoethane
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2)醇、酚、醚(Alcohol,Phenol,Ether)的命名:
* 醇、酚:在相应的烃的名称后,去“-e” 加“-ol”。如果是二醇或三醇, 则须加“-diol”或“-triol” (不去“-e” )。
例: C H 3
C H 3C O H CH3
2-甲基-2-丙醇 2-methyl-2-propanol (2-methyl propan-2-ol)

H 3C
CH3 CCl CH3
2-氯-2-甲基丙烷 2-chloro-2-methyl propane
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* 一些俗名:氯仿,chloroform;溴仿,bromoform; 氟利昂,Freon CCl2F2
CH2Br
溴甲基苯 bromomethylbenzene
Br CH2CH2 Br 1,2-二溴乙烷,
1,2,3-丙三醇,
1,2,3-propanetriol (俗称甘油,glycerin)
32
* 当羟基位于侧链时,侧链上的羟基可作取代基处理。取代基 形式的羟基用“hydroxH
1,4-苯二酚 1,4-benzenediol
1,2,4-苯三酚 1,2,4-benzenetriol
如:
CH3
CH3
CH2CH2CH CH3 :
1-甲基-2-(3-甲基丁基) 环己烷 1-methyl-2-(3-methylbutyl) cyclohexane
17
2)芳香烃(Aromatic Hydrocarbons): 以苯(benzene)作为母体,其它作为取代基。
如:
CH3
H 3C
CH3
1,3,5-三甲苯 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

有机化学中英文命名PPT课件

有机化学中英文命名PPT课件
17
烷基的系统命名法适用于各种情况,它的命名方法是:将失去 氢原子的碳定位为1,从它出发,选一个最长的链为烷基的主链,从 1位碳开始,依次编号,不在主链上的基团均作为主链的取代基处理。 写名称时,将主链上的取代基的编号和名称写在主链名称前面。例 如:下面的烷基从1号碳出发,有三个编号的方向,选碳原子数最多 的方向编号,该碳链为烷基的主链,称为丁基(butyl),在该主链 的1位碳上有两个取代基:甲基、乙基。所以该烷基的名称为1−甲基 −1−乙基丁基。
CH3
4 3 21
CH3CH2CH2C CH2CH3
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(iii)顺序规则 有机化合物中的各种基团可以按一定的规则来排列先后次序,这个规则称
为顺序规则(cahn−lngold−prelog sequence),其主要内容如下: ① 将单原子取代基按原子序数(atomic number)大小排列,原子序数大的顺 序在前,原子序数小的顺序在后,有机化合物中常见的元素顺序如下:
(二)有机化合物的命名
1
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有机化合物种类繁多,数目庞大,即使同一分子式,也有不同的异 构体,若没有一个完整的命名(nomenclature)方法来区分各个化 合物,在文献中会造成极大的混乱,因此认真学习每一类化合物的 命名是有机化学的一项重要内容。现在书籍、期刊中经常使用普通 命名法和国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)命名法, 后者简称IUPAC命名法。
202054一链烷烃的命名二环烷烃的命名三烯烃和炔烃的命名四芳香烃的命名五烃衍生物的系统命名六烃衍生物的普通命名七有机金属化合物的命名八杂环化合物的命名九糖的命名十氨基酸和多肽的命名202054系统命名法1直链链烷烃的命名2支链链烷烃的命名碳原子的级ii烷基的名称iii顺序规则iv名称的基本格式命名原则和命名步骤2普通命名法俗名202054系统命名法1直链烷烃的命名直链烷烃nalkanes的名称用碳原子数烷来表示

有机化学中英文对照表

有机化学中英文对照表

有机化学中英文对照表有机化学可以直接下载WORD版本英文名汉文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1,4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2.4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃。

有机化学术语(中英文对照)

有机化学术语(中英文对照)

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1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxyl group琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal缩醛 acetal缩酮 ketal西佛碱shiff’s base肟 oxime腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β—-unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone羧酸 carboxylic acid酰卤 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide內酯 lactone内酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羟基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B—ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基化合物 njtro compound亚胺 imine胺 amine伯胺 primary amine仲胺 secondary amine叔胺 tertiary amine季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐 diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate膦酸 phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol呋喃 furane噻吩 thiophone吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine咪唑 imidazole噻唑 thioazole吡啶 pyridine喹啉 quinoline异喹啉 isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts黄酮 flavone嘧啶 pirimidine嘌呤 purine4。

有机化学中英文对照表

有机化学中英文对照表

有机化学中英文对照表有机化学可以直接下载WORD版本英文名汉文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1,4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2.4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃。

有机化学英文命名完整版

有机化学英文命名完整版

NO2
2.
其它有机物的命名:
* 首先选择主要的官能团。在IUPAC规定的官能团 顺序中,位置在前的官能团优先,可作为主要的 官能团,其余的作为取代基。 IUPAC官能团顺序:1)游离基;2)阳离子化合物 ;3)中性配位化合物;4)阴离子化合物;5)酸 ;6)酰卤;7)酰胺;8)腈;9)醛(硫醛); 10)酮(硫酮);11)醇、酚(硫醇、硫酚); 12)过氧化物;13)胺;14)亚胺;15)~26)为 元素有机化合物,顺序为:N,P,As,Sb,Bi,B,Si, Ge,Sn,Pb,O,S; 27)碳环化合物及无环烃类;28 )卤化物中的卤素。
表示取代基相对位置的字头: iso- 异; neo- 新; o-(ortho-)邻; m-(meta-)间; p-(para-)对; cis- 顺; trans- 反 primary伯 secondary仲 sectertiary叔 tert-
1)Aliphatic Hydrocarbons(Fatty Hydrocarbons ,脂肪烃)
炔烃(alkyne )命名:数字头 + -yne(-ine) (以a结尾的数字头去a加-yne .) 多炔的命名: 二炔类:数字头 + -diyne 三炔类:数字头 + -triyne 例: 乙炔: ethyne/acetylene(俗名) 丁炔: butyne; 己二炔: hexadiyne / hexadiine
CH3CHCH CH3
CH2

3-甲基-1-丁烯 3-methyl-1-butene或3-methylbut-1-ene
CH2
CH

CH
CH2
1,3-丁二烯 butadiene 或 1,3-butadiene 或 buta-1,3- diene
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