TPO听力按学科分类词汇
托福听力学科词汇
TOEFL听力学科词汇(based on TPO)I. Art (3)1.1 Arts (3)1.2 Literature (10)1.3 Architecture (12)II. Physical Science (13)2.1 Geology 地质学 (13)2.2 Astronomy 天文学 (18)2.3 Physics 物理学 (22)2.4 Chemistry 化学 (27)III. Life Science (32)3.1 Zoology 动物学 (33)3.2 Animal Behavior 动物行为 (39)3.3 Physiology 生理生化 (41)3.4 Botany 植物学 (44)3.5 Speciology 物种学 (49)3.6 Ecology 生态学 (50)IV. Social Science (53)4.1 Archaeology 考古学 (53)4.2 Business 经济商学 (54)4.3 History 历史 (59)4.4 Psychology 心理学 (60)4.5 Anthropology 人类学 (63)4.6 Sociology 社会学 (63)4.7 Philosophy 哲学 (63)4.8 Politics 政治 (64)I. Art1.1 Artsstyle [stail] n. 风格【频】6【例】TPO 1 L1 She’s got a very unusual style, compared t some of the artists we’ve looked at this term. technique [tek'nik] n. 手法，技术【频】6【例】TPO 19 L4 And this is something, a technique that you will find in both of their work.gallery ['gæləri] n. 画廊【频】6【例】TPO 1 L1 Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it.painter ['peɪntə] n. 画家【频】5【例】TPO 34 L1 Last week we started talking about the painters and sculptors who were part of the art movement called Dada.【衍】Painting n. 绘画，Paint v. 绘画artist [‘artist] n. 艺术家【频】5【例】TPO 1 L1 The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen.play [plei] n. 剧本【频】5【例】TPO 7 L1 In fact, some of the playwrights would start by writing the end of the play.romantic [ro'mantik] a. 浪漫的【频】4【例】TPO 27 L4 Well Goethe was part of the Romantic Movement in western literature.【衍】Romance n. 浪漫史、冒险故事，Romanticist n. 浪漫主义者，Romanticism n. 浪漫主义theater['θɪətə] n. 戏院【频】4【例】TPO 12 L3 They carried theater with them and opera specifically because it was an Italian form.portrait ['pɔrtrət] n. 肖像【频】3【例】TPO 1 L1 Frantzen had to paint other people’s portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work.【衍】Portraiture n. 肖像画，Portraitist n. 肖像画家，Portray v. 描绘genre ['ʒanrə] n. 类型【频】3【例】TPO 30 L4 I think it’s fair to say that the sound of the electric guitar typifies the rock’n roll genre.scene [si:n] n. 景象【频】3【例】TPO 1 L1 A lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.【衍】Scenery n. 舞台布景，风景recital [ri'saitl] n. 独奏会【频】3【例】TPO 24 L2 By age fourteen, she was teaching her free dance to young children and giving recitals.【衍】Recitative a. 吟诵的depict [di'pikt] v. 描画【频】3【例】TPO 1 L1 It didn’t depict scenes or models exactly as they looked.【衍】Depiction n. 描画classical ['klæsikl] a. 古典的【频】3【例】TPO 16 L4 As piano became more available, they brought classical music, the music which previously had been composed only for the upper classes.patron ['petrən] n. 赞助人，主顾【频】2【例】TPO 16 L4 Well, I don’t have to spell it out for you, the likes and disli kes of the patron, this would’ve had an effect on what was being composed and performed.【衍】Patronage n. 赞助brushstroke [bruʃ’strok] n. 绘画技巧【频】2【例】TPO 1 L1 Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes.ballet [bæ'lei] n. 芭蕾【频】2【例】TPO 24 L2As I said, in classical ballet, emotions are conveyed through a set of strictly formalized movements.【衍】Ballerina n. 芭蕾舞女演员composer [kəm'pozɚ] n. 作曲家【频】2【例】TPO 16 L4 There were many other influences on composers.【衍】Compose v. 作曲texture ['tekstʃə] n. 质地，纹理【频】2【例】TPO 1 L1 The texture of the canvas was rough.charcoal ['tʃakol] n. 木炭，炭笔【频】2【例】TPO 3 L3 There’s charcoal marks from their torches on the cave walls clearly dating from thousands of years after the paintings were made.parchment ['partʃment] n. 羊皮纸【频】2【例】TPO 15 L3 During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became the predominant material for books in Europe, but prior to that, it was parchment.manuscript ['mænjuskript] n. 手稿，原稿【频】2【例】TPO 15 L3 Before the invention of printing and the printing press, all books, all manuscripts werehand-made.realism[‘riəlizəm] n. 现实主义【频】2【例】TPO 1 L1 You’ve probably studied both of these movements separately, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history courses.【衍】Realistic a. 现实主义的，Realist n. 现实主义者impressionism [ɪm'preʃənɪzəm] n. 印象主义【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 Impressionism started in the late 19th century.【衍】Impressionist n. 印象主义者exhibit [ig'zibit] n. 展示会【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up.canvas ['kænvəs]n. 帆布【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 The texture of the canvas was rough.bleak [blik] a. 阴冷的，黯淡的【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 The overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak winter day on a farm.blurry ['blɜːrｪ] a. 模糊的【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 You can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines.expressive [ik'spresiv] a. 表现的【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 Well, for me, it is her face and hands, I think they are really expressive.【衍】Expression n. 表现、表达，Expressionist n. 表现主义艺术家contemplative [kən'templətɪv] a. 沉思的【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 They make the woman seem very contemplative, seems like she is thinking pretty seriously about something.【衍】Contemplate v. 沉思，Contemplation n. 沉思contrasting colors 对比色【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 What strikes me is the contrasting colors, the white dress and the dark background.vague [veig] a. 模糊的【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 Well, the background behind the woman is pretty vague.conventional [kən'vɛnʃənl] a. 常见的，传统的【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 Now, the undefined background also shows how Cecilia Beaux was influenced by the French Impressionists, who believed, like Beaux in a personal rather than conventional approach to their subject matter. bold color亮色【频】1【例】TPO 21 L4 First, Neel’s use of bold color.critic ['kritik] n. 批评家，评论家【频】1【例】TPO 21 L4 Some critics had declared the genre of portraiture to be dead.【衍】Critical a. 批评的，Criticize v. 批评，Criticism n. 批评abstract art 抽象派艺术【频】1【例】TPO 21 L4 But keep in mind that she was doing this when abstract art dominated the art scene. fashionable ['fæʃnəbl] a. 流行的，时髦的【频】1【例】TPO 21 L4 Representations of people weren’t fashionable in the art world.【衍】Fashion n. 时尚Primary color原色【频】1【例】TPO 27 L4 As you probably know, primary colors are, theoretically speaking, the basic colors from which all other colors can be made.Secondary color次生色【频】1【例】TPO 27 L4 But as you’ll find out when you start working on your painting projects, the three primary colors-red, blue, yellow-don’t always make the best secondary colors.Prism ['prɪzəm] n. 棱镜【频】1【例】TPO 27 L4 He used a prism to break white light down into the various colors of the spectrum. chromatics [krə'mætiks] n. 色彩学【频】1【例】TPO 27 L4 Scientists studying optics and chromatics today still marvel at his findings.【衍】Chromatic a. 彩色的symbolize ['simbəlaiz] v. 作为...象征【频】1【例】TPO 27 L4 His ideas about what colors symbolize, about the emotions that different colors inspire were based on the colors red, yellow and blue.【衍】Symbol n. 象征、符号，Symbolic a. 象征的，Symbolism n. 象征主义、记号Film-maker电影制作人【频】1【例】TPO 3 L2 And in that context, today we are going to talk about a film-maker who began making very unique films in the late 1920s.clip [klip] n. （影片）剪辑【频】1【例】TPO 3 L2 He might take a clip of a mollusk going up and down in the water and set it to music. documentary['dɑkjə'mɛntri] n. 纪录片【频】1【例】TPO 3 L2 He set the standard really for the nature documentary.【衍】Documentarist n. 纪录片制片人primitive ['primitiv] a. 原始的【频】1【例】TPO 3 L3 I think you will agree with me that this art is anything but primitive.masterpiece ['mæstəpis] n. 杰作【频】1【例】TPO 3 L3 They are masterpieces.Studio ['studio] n. 画室，工作室，电影（音乐）制片厂【频】1【例】TPO 8 L2 The painting depicts an active crowded studio with women drawing and painting a live model.Salon ['sælɔn] n. 画廊，美术展览馆【频】1【例】TPO 8 L2 You can have a painting or sculpture in the salon and go back to your home country saying you’ve been a success in the Paris.scribe [skraib] n. 抄写员，作家【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 So it wasn’t uncommon for the scribes or monks who produce the manuscripts.Palimpses t ['pælim(p)sest] n. 重写本【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 A manuscript page that was written on, erased and then used again is called a palimpsest. Papyrus scrolls 古本手卷【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 This was extremely fortunate, since later on, the original papyrus scrolls disappeared. preserve [prｪ'zə:v] v. 保存【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 So the pages, the pieces of parchment themselves, had been preserved.stained glass彩色玻璃【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Stained glass of course is simply glass that has been colored and cut into pieces andre-assembled to form a picture or a decorative design.Metallic compound金属化合物【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 You got specific colors by adding metallic compounds to the other glass making ingredients. Paleolithic [,pæliəu’liθi k] a. 旧石器时代的【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 Today, we will be covering the Upper Paleolithic Period, which I am roughly defining as the period from 35000 to 8000 B.C.【衍】Neolithic a. 新石器时代的Stratigraphy [strə'tɪgrəfi] n. 地层学【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 Stratigraphy is used for dating portable art.【衍】Stratum n. 地层，Stratification n. 层理Radiocarbon [,reɪdɪəʊ'kɑːb(ə)n] n. 放射性碳【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 That had to do with chemical analysis, something to do with measuring the amount of radiocarbon left in the organic stuff.Prehistoric art史前艺术【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 So it turns out that radiocarbon dating works for a lot of prehistoric art.artifact ['ɑ:təˌfækt] n. 手工艺品【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 Don’t get me wrong though, analyzing the styles of prehistoric artifacts can help dating them. sculpture ['skʌlptʃə] n. 雕塑【频】2【例】TPO 17 L1 And now you can see why we don’t have an exact date for our sculpture“the lady with the hood”.statue ['stætʃu:] n. 雕塑【频】1【例】TPO 18 L2 They began making copies of the Greek statues.plaster cast石膏模型【频】1【例】TPO 18 L2 What they did was they made plaster casts from molds of the sculptures.Opera ['ɑprə] n. 歌剧，歌剧院【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 The word opera means work, actually it means works.Renaissance ['rɛnəsɑns] n. 文艺复兴【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 They took classical theater and reproduced it in the Renaissance’s time.scularization [,sɛkjələrə'zeʃən] n. 世俗化【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 During those years, several things happened-primarily linguistic or thematic and both involving secularization.【衍】Secularize v. 还俗melodrama ['mɛlədrɑmə] n. 情节剧，音乐剧【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 It is the melodious drama of ancient Greek theater, the term melodious drama being shortened eventually to melodrama.cadence ['keɪd(ə)ns] n. 节奏，韵律【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 And the music was secondary, if you will, to the dramatic cadence of language.Chivalry ['ʃｪvəlri] n. 骑士精神，骑士制度【频】1Epic ['epik] a. 史诗的【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 They relied on mythology to give them their characters and their plots, the novels of chivalry or the epics of chivalry out of the middle ages.Broadway ['brɔdweｪ] n. 百老汇【频】1【例】TPO 12 L3 But Broadway musicals fulfilled a similar function for a great long while.Baroque [bə'rok] n. 巴洛克式的艺术【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Up until now in our discussions and readings about the Baroque early classical periods, we’ve been talking about the development of musical styles and genres.harpsichord ['ha:psikɔd] n. 大键琴【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Unlike the harpsichord which came before it, the piano is a percussion instrument.clarinet [klæri'net] n. 单簧管【频】1Transverse flute 长笛【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 We’ve seen in the development of some of the instrument s, you remember the transverse flute, the clarinet and so on.percussion [pɚ'kʌʃən] n. 打击乐器【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 This striking action is why the piano is a percussion instrument instead of a string instrument. virtuoso [,vətʃu'oso] n. 艺术大师【频】1【例】TPO 16 L4 Clara grew up to become a well-known and respected piano virtuoso.accompaniment [ə'kʌmpənɪmənt] n. 伴奏【频】1【例】TPO 22 L4 Even the very first public projection of a movie had piano accompaniment.compilation [,kampｪ'leiʃən] n. 编辑【频】1【例】TPO 22 L4 Usually a compilation of a music that already existed would be used.violin [,vaiə'lin] n. 小提琴【频】3【例】TPO 27 L2 But it’s generally thought that the aco ustical quality of modern violins doesn’t live up to the quality of the vintage ones.【衍】Violinist n. 小提琴家craftsmanship ['kræftsmənʃip] n. 技艺，技术【频】1【例】TPO 27 L2 Their dimensions, shape, their fingerboard height, and general craftsmanship.Nationalism ['næʃnəlɪzəm] n. 国家主义，民族主义【频】1【例】TPO 25 L2 I just finished reviewing your papers on the influence of nationalism on the composers’ music. lyrical ['lirikl] a. 抒情诗调的【频】1【例】TPO 25 L2 These music pieces were long and lyrical.ethnomusicologist['eθnomju zikɔ'lədʒist] n. 人种音乐学家【频】1【例】TPO 25 L2 He was an ethnomusicologist, and he studied the traditional music of the region.glissando [gli'sando] n. 滑奏，滑音【频】1【例】TPO 25 L2 He liked to use glissando as his hallmark.electric guitar电吉他【频】1【例】TPO 30 L4 Each design was intended to alter the sound in some way, at first at least with the electric guitar, to make it louder.steel guitar夏威夷吉他【频】1【例】TPO 30 L4 That led to the lap guitar which is also called the steel guitar.enamor [in'æmə] v. 迷恋，倾心【频】1【例】TPO 30 L4 US sailors who were stationed in Hawaii were very enamored with the music they heard there. fresco ['freskəu] n. 壁画【频】1【例】TPO 26 L4 So far we have been talking all semester about restoring and preserving pieces of art, like ancient frescoes and early oil paintings.labyrinth ['læbəri nθ] n. 迷宫【频】1【例】TPO 33 L4 Mazes or labyrinths, as they are also called, were very common in Renaissance gardens. Screen dance屏幕上的舞蹈【频】1【例】TPO 23 L4 Screen dance which is relatively new, isn’t for everyone.choreography [,kɔrｪ'ɔgrəfi] n. 编舞【频】1【例】TPO 23 L4 The question we have to ask is, what’s the difference between choreography for a live performance and choreography for onscreen viewing?【衍】Choreograph v. 设计舞蹈动作Modern dance现代舞【频】1【例】TPO 24 L2 I think the best analogy to modern dance is modern art or modern music.tunic ['tju:nik] a. 束腰外衣【频】1【例】TPO 24 L2 Duncan wore loose, flowing tunics, and she dance bare foot.pantomime ['pæntəmaim] n. 哑剧【频】1【例】TPO 24 L2 Some said Duncan’s art form was closer to pantomime than to dance.acrobatic [ækrə'bætik] a. 杂技的【频】1【例】TPO 24 L2 After seeing this, Duncan publicly denounced ballet as a form of acrobatics, complicated and excruciating mechanism she called it.1.2 LiteratureLiterature ['lɪt(ə)rətʃə] n. 文学【频】5【例】TPO 4 L2 Before I was a literature professor, I was an accountant.poem ['pəuｪm] n. 诗【频】5【例】TPO 13 L3 I thought poems were shorter, these were more like long stories.【衍】Poetry n. 诗歌艺术，Poet n. 诗人novel [ˈnɑːvl] n. 小说【频】2【例】TPO 27 L4 He wrote many famous novels, plays, poems.【衍】Novelist n. 小说家fiction ['fɪkʃən]n. 小说【频】2【例】TPO 3 L2 In fact, Painleve was known for saying that science is fiction.【衍】Fictional a. 虚构的、小说的Fairy tale童话故事【频】3【例】TPO 5 L4 With fairy tales, the location is generally unspecified.character ['kærəktə] n. 角色【频】3【例】TPO 5 L4 But all the other elements, like the location or characters, might be modified for each audience. plot [plɑt] n. 情节【频】3【例】TPO 5 L4 Not the plot, the details of what happens in the story would remain constant.Drama ['drɑmə] n. 戏剧【频】2【例】TPO 7 L1 We first need to look at an early form of drama known as the well-made play, beginning with some early 19th century comedies in France proved very successful commercially.【衍】Comedy n. 喜剧Folk tale民间故事【频】2【例】TPO 5 L4 They seem to be less realistic than folk tales.version ['vɜːʃ(ə)n] n. 版本【频】1【例】TPO 5 L4 Every storyteller might have had a slightly different version of the same folk tale.essay ['esei] n. 散文【频】1【例】TPO 4 L2 You will be reading one of Emerson’s best-known essays.sketch [sketʃ] n. 素描，梗概【频】1【例】TPO 6 L3 While writing character sketches, do think about details.stereotype ['steriətaip] n. 刻板印象【频】1【例】TPO 6 L3 Don’t make your character into a stereotype.cliche ['kli:ʃei] n. 陈词滥调【频】1【例】TPO 6 L3 Be careful not to make him into the cliche of the ragged mountain dweller.Medieval [,midɪ'ivəl] a. 中世纪的【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 The two poems we are looking at today fall into the category of medieval times.rhythm ['riðəm] n. 节奏，韵律【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 It’s written to make the audience have some kinds of predictable rhythm.Heroic deeds英雄事迹【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 They were written to describe the heroic deeds or actions of warriors.nobility [no'bɪləti] n. 贵族【频】1【例】TPO13 L3 They were written for the knights and the nobility that they served.minstrel ['mɪnstrəl] n.吟游诗人【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 The poems were songs performed by a minstrel, singer who traveled from castle to castle. patriotic [peitri'ɔtik] a. 爱国的【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 Hearing the songs probably made them feel more patriotic.【衍】Patriot n. 爱国者Patriotism n. 爱国主义troubadour ['trubədɔr] n. 行吟诗人【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 Many troubadour were able to make a living being full time poets.biographica l [,baiə'græfikl] a. 传记的【频】1【例】TPO 13 L3 They often had small biographical sketches added to their poems.【衍】Biography n. 传记，Autobiography n. 自传Folk legend民间传说【频】1【例】TPO 20 L3 Like folk legends, they have been passed down orally.playwright ['pleirait] n. 剧作家【频】1【例】TPO 7 L1 This became so popular that the playwright almost had to include it in every play. denouement [deinu'maŋ] n. 结局【频】1【例】TPO 7 L1 But the denouement offers the audience a logical conclusion.1.3 ArchitectureAcoustics [ə'kʊstɪk] n. 声学，音质【频】3【例TPO 29 L2 It was not until the beginning of the twentieth century that architectural acoustics became a scientific field.downtown ['daun'taun] n. 市中心【频】1【例】TPO 13 L1 In general, downtown areas just don’t have that many residential areas, not that many people live there.pedestrian [pə'dɛstrɪən] n. 行人【频】1【例】TPO 13 L1 These pedestrian malls are typically located in the downtown area of the city.proximity [prɑk'sɪməti] n. 邻近，接近【频】1【例】TPO 13 L1 Proximity to potential customers, we’ll call a customer base.auditorium [,ɔdi'tɔriəm] n. 礼堂，会堂【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 Now people have been concerned about how sound carries in auditoriums and theaters for at least 2000 years.reverberation [rɪ,vɝbə'reʃən] n. 回响【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 Wallace Sabine started to do extensive studies on reverberation.【衍】Reverberate v. 回响symphony ['sɪmfəni] n. 交响乐【频】1orchestra ['ɔrkɪstrə] n. 管弦乐对【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 I read that concert halls designed for symphony orchestras have too much echo for jazz music. rectangular [rɛk'tæŋgjəlɚ] a. 矩形的【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 Let’s say you design a rectangular box-like space with bare walls and ceiling.chandelier [,ʃændə'lɪə] n. 枝形吊灯【频】1【例】TPO 29 L2 Beautiful crystal Chandeliers are very good at diffusing sound.hexagonal [hɛk'sægənl] a. 六边形的【频】1【例】TPO 32 L4 The rooms inside the house were also hexagonal six-sided.II. Physical Science2.1 Geology 地质学range [rendʒ] n. 范围；幅度；山脉【频】43【例】TPO1 L2 Most of us thought the sand had come from an ancient mountain range fairly close by that flattened out over time. That’s been the conventional wisdom among geologists for quite some time.cave [keɪv] n. 洞穴，窑洞【频】38【例】TPO16 L1 Now there are some pretty interesting caves in parts of the western United States, especially in national parks. There is one part that has over a hundred caves, including some of the largest ones in the world. ore [ɔr] n. 矿；矿石【频】32【例】TPO32 L3 It wasn’t the mining it self that caused such massive destruction. It was what happened after the copper ore was extracted from the mines.coral ['kɔrəl] n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫【频】31【例】TPO27 L1 we have been fairly thorough in our discussion about coral reefs, which of course are prominent, oceanic features made of hard limestone skeletons produced by tiny coral animals.Tectonic plate [tek'tɒnɪk pleɪt] n. 板块【频】31【例】TPO31 L2 These tectonic plates support the continents and oceans. Over time, the tectonic plates move and shift, which moves the continents and the ocean floors too.glacier ['ɡleʃɚ] n. 冰河，冰川【频】28【例】TPO7 L4 It’s really known that no secret that the glaciers flow because of gravity. But how they flow, the way they flow, needs some explaining.【衍】glacial adj. 冰的；冰河时代的；glaciation n. 冰川作用；冻结成冰；glaciate v. 使冰冻；被冰冻盖；使受冰川作用；atmosphere ['ætməsfɪr] n. 气氛；大气；空气【频】26【例】TPO20 L2 There is the most carbon dioxide and methane gas, uh, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere just after the beginning of the interglacial period.【衍】aatmospheric adj. 大气的，大气层的；basin ['besn] n. 流域；盆地【频】25【例】TPO33 L2 The Colorado River basin is a region in the Southwest United States. Seven states rely on the Colorado’ s water. And as you can imagine, as the populations of these states began to grow, it became clear that a system to distribute, uh, to make sure each state got its fair share of water.desert ['dɛzɚt] n. 沙漠；荒原【频】24【例】TPO6 L4 At about the same time that the Sahara was becoming a desert...hmm ...5,000 years ago, Egypt really began to flourish out in the Nile River valley.【衍】desertification n. 荒漠化；沙漠化；deserter n .逃兵；背弃者；desertion n. 遗弃；开小差；逃亡；Arctic ['ɑrktɪk] adj. 北极的；极寒的n. 北极圈【频】23【例】TPO24 C2 What happens is that the cold Arctic air blows across the lake from the north in winter. And as the air crosses the lake, the lower layer is warmed by the lake water.continent ['kɑntɪnənt] n. 洲，陆地【频】22【例】TPO31 L2 So if an ocean floor tectonic plate meets the edge of a continent and they push against each other, the heavier one sinks down and goes under the other one.【衍】continental adj. 大陆的；大陆性的Sediment ['sɛdɪmənt] n. 沉积；沉淀物【频】18【例】TPO10 L3 The fishing industry helps bring Phosphorus back to land. In the normal water phase the remaining Phosphorus makes its way, settles to the bottom of the ocean and gets mixed into ocean sediments. 【衍】sedimentary adj. 沉淀的；sedimentation n. 沉降；limestone ['laɪmston] n. [岩] 石灰岩【频】11【例】TPO16 L1 Sulfuric acid eats away at limestone very aggressively. So you get bigger cracks and then passageways being formed along the openings in the rock.distribute [dɪ'strɪbjut] vt. 分配；散布【频】10【例】TPO33 L2 With the demand for water in the basin stays increasing and with the real likelihood of lower flows in the river, if history is our teacher, we can develop innovative methods of water conservation and reevaluate how water is distributed.【衍】distribution n. 分布；分配；distributor n. 经销商；[电] 分配器；分配者；crack [kræk] vi. 破裂；n. 裂缝【频】9【例】TPO16 L1 You have water from the surface, streams, waterfall or whatever - moving water that flows through cracks found in the limestone. It’ s the moving water itself that wears away at the rock and makes passageways.【衍】cracker n. 爆竹；胡桃钳crater ['kretɚ] n. 火山口【频】9【例】TPO5 L2 Any water molecules that found their way to the floors of craters near the moon’s pole s, that water would be perpetually frozen, because the floors of those craters are always in shadow.ridge [rɪdʒ] n. 山脊；山脉【频】9【例】TPO9 L3 So during the second rainy period, the dunes were kind of chopped up at the top, full of hollows and ridges, and these hollows would've captured the rain right there on the top.reef [rif] n. 暗礁；[地质] 矿脉【频】8【例】TPO27 L1 Recently, researchers have used data collected by monitoring surface water temperatures to improve the ability of a reef to recover from bleaching.【衍】reefy adj. 多暗滩的；多暗礁的split [splɪt] vt. 分离；劈开；n. 裂缝【频】8【例】TPO31 L2 Well, the seafloor is spilt. There is a ridge, a mountain range that runs north and south there. And the rock material flows up from Earth’s interior here, at the split, which fo rces the two sides of the ocean floor to spread apart, to make room for the new rock material.【衍】n. splitter 分离机，分流器；分解器，拆分器；core [kɔr] n. 核心；地心【频】7【例】TPO26 L3 Now, you remember from our previous discussion that a comet’s nucleus ,its core, is made up of ice and dust, like a frozen snowball．crust [krʌst] n. 地壳；外壳【频】7【例】TPO31 L2 As we’ve discussed, Earth’s crust is made up of large plates that rest on a mantle of molten rock. These plates…uh…now these tectonic plates support the continents and oceans.【衍】crusty adj. 有壳的；crustal adj. 壳的，地壳的；mantle ['mæntl] n. 地幔；覆盖物【频】7【例】TPO31 L2 As the ocean floor plate begins to sink down into the mantle, it would drag or pull the entire plate along with it. So more and more of this plate, the ocean floor, would go down under the continent into the mantle.slide [slaɪd] vi. 滑动；滑落；n. 雪崩【频】7【例】TPO7 L3 So ice at the base of the glacier melts. And this results in a thin layer of water between the glacier and the ground. This layer of water reduces friction is... is like a lubricant. And it allows the glacier to slide or slip over the bedrock.【衍】n. slider 滑动器；滑雪者；滚动之物canyon ['kænjən] n. 峡谷【频】6【例】TPO1 L2 Now, we geologists thought we had a pretty good idea of how the Grand canyon in the southwestern United States was formed. We knew that it was formed from sandstone that solidified somewhere between 150 and 300 million years ago.lava ['lɑvə] n. 火山岩浆；熔岩【频】6【例】TPO24 L4 Now, the lava on Venus is thin. It spreads out easily. So shield volcanoes have very gentle sloping sides. They are called shield volcanoes.hemisphere ['hɛmɪsfɪr] n. 半球【频】5【例】TPO17 L2 Which makes earth, and in particular, the northern hemisphere, warmer. And why is that important? well, because most of the planet’s glaciers are in the northern hemisphere, and if it gets too warm, thenglaciers will stop forming.【衍】hemispheric adj. 半球的，半球形状的；mineral ['mɪnərəl] n. 矿物；无机物【频】5【例】TPO17 L2 Over millions of years, groundwater left deposits of a mineral called calcite, on the rock within Devil's Hole. And by studying these clacite deposits, we can determine the climate conditions, the temperatures over the last half million years.【衍】mine n. 矿，矿藏；矿山，矿井；mineralogy n. 矿物学；mine v. 开采，采掘；mineralize v. 使矿物化；precipitation [prɪ'sɪpə'teʃən] n. 降水，降雨【频】5【例】TPO9 L2 Second, most of the precipitation in the Arctic is in the form of snow. And the snow, which blankets the ground in the winter, actually has an insulating effect on the soil beneath it.【衍】precipitate v. 沉淀；猛地落下；冷凝成为雨或雪等；swamp [swɑmp] n. 沼泽；湿地【频】5【例】TPO11 L3 Wetlands are areas of marshy, swampy land, areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil for a large part of the year.【衍】swampy adj. 沼泽的；湿地的；松软的eruption [ɪ'rʌpʃən] n. 爆发，喷发【频】3【例】TPO24 L4 It's quite possible that this is due to volcanic eruptions, because volcanic eruptions often emit gases. If that's the case, volcanism could very well be the root cause of Venus's thick cloud cover.【衍】adj. eruptive 暴发的，喷出的；erupt v. 爆发，喷出；evaporate [ɪ'væpəret] vi. 蒸发，挥发【频】3【例】TPO6 L4 Less vegetation means the soil can’t hold water as well, the soil loses its ability to retain water when it does rain. So then you have less moisture to help clouds form, nothing to evaporate for cloud formation. And then the cycle continues, less rain, drier soil, less vegetation, fewer clouds, less rain etc. etc..【衍】evaporable adj. 易蒸发性的，易挥发的；evaporation n. 蒸发，消失；extract ['ɛkstrækt] vt. 开采,提炼【频】3【例】TPO32 L3 It wasn’t the mining itself that caused such massive destruction. It was what happ ened after the copper ore was extracted from the mines.【衍】extractable adj. 可抽出的，可榨出的；extraction n. 提取物；extractor n. 提取器；horizontal ['hɔrə'zɑntl] adj. 水平的；地平线的；【频】3【例】TPO24 L3 Today we take for granted that there horizontal bands of plant communities. In the far north, it is tundra, which gives way to forest as you move southward. And even farther south, grasslands take over. But during the Ice Age, these plant communities actually grew together, mixed with one another.【衍】horizontally adv. 水平地,地平地；horizon n.地平线,范围latitude ['lætɪtud] n. 纬度【频】3【例】TPO14 L3 So the Polynesians could estimate their latitude just by looking straight up, by observing whether a certain zenith star passed directly overhead at night, they’d know if they have reached the sa me latitude as a particular island they were trying to get to.。
tpo 听力 学科分类及部分单词总结(含词根)演示教学
t p o听力学科分类及部分单词总结(含词根)Conversation课程学业：1.课程与作业：1-2，5-2，6-2，8-2，9-1，10-1，12-1，15-2，16-2，17-1，19-1，22-2，25-1，26-1，27-1，27-2，28-1，29-1，30-1，30-2，32-1，33-1，33-2，34-22.选课与换课：14-2，21-2，23-2，24-2，28-23.研究项目：2-1，4-2，13-1，20-2校园生活：1.图书馆与书店：1-1，4-1，7-2，9-2，10-2，13-2，14-1，20-1，24-1，26-2，31-2，34-12.校内工作：3-2，7-1，11-2，12-2，15-1，17-2，18-1，18-2，25-23.住宿与餐饮：19-2，32-24.问询：3-1，5-1，8-1，21-1，31-15.社团与活动：2-2，6-1，11-1，16-1，22-1，23-1，29-2TPO lecture 学科背景分类（1-34）1.Physical Science（38）Astronomy2-4（Bode’s Law）3-4（Spectroscopy）5-2（Moon Landing）13-4（Meteorites）14-3（Seafarers and Stars）18-1（Sunspots）19-2（Difficulties in Astronomy）21-1（Geocentric Theory）22-2（Faint Young Sun Paradox）24-4（Shield Volcano on Venus）26-3（Comets）29-4（Carbon Nanotubes）30-3（Jarosite）Ecology & Environmental Science9-2（Shrubs in Tundra）10-3（Phosphorus Cycle）11-3（Landscape & Climate）12-4（Solar Energy）13-2（Interrelationships）17-2（Milankovitsh Hypothesis）20-2（Interglacial Periods）23-2（Earth Radiation Budgets）29-1（Pedodiversity Plant）32-2（Relationships among Species）33-2（Colorado’s Water）34-2（ASP Digestion）Geology1-2（Uranium-Lead Dating）4-2（Moving Rocks）6-4（Climate Change in Sahara Desert）7-4（Glacial Movement）9-3（Desert Lakes）15-2（Geologic Time Periods）16-1（Lechuguilla Cave）30-2（Oviraptor）31-2（Plate Drift）32-3（The Copper Basin）Chemistry5-3（Spectroscopy）8-4（The Periodic Table of Elements）Computer Science21-2（Software Development）2.Social ScienceArcheology1-3（Catalhoyuk）14-4（Passage Graves）23-1（Antikythera Mechanism）24-3（Megafauna）28-4（Gonur-depe）29-3（Clovis People & Caches）32-1（Ancient Bananas）33-1（The Great Pyramid）History4-4（Government Support for Arts）8-3（Vision Correction）10-2（American Food Crops）17-3（Ancient Egyptian Calendar）18-3（Spices）25-3（Egyptian Hieroglyphs）Economics & Business6-1（Boom and Bust）11-4（Advertising）12-2（Managing by Wandering Around）26-1（Green Marketing）34-4（The Life of Innovation）Psychology2-1（Behaviorism）10-4（Childhood Amnesia）14-1（Cognition）15-1（Distraction）30-1（Metacognition）Anthropology7-3（Iroquois People & Birch Tree）22-1（State Formation）31-4（The Botai Culture）Linguistics9-4（Features of Human Language）19-1（Family Tree Model）20-1（Gricean Maxims）Philosophy2-3（Aristotle）28-1（Foundationalism）Sociology5-1（Meme）3.Life ScienceAnimal7-2（Bat’s Use of Ultrasound）10-1（Whales）14-2（Microclimate）17-4（Octopus）18-4（North American Wood Frog）20-4（Snowshoe Hare）21-3（Evolution Theory）22-3（Pleistocene Rewilding）23-3（Dolphin’s Navigation）24-1（Crocodile Vocalization）27-1（Coral Reefs Marine）27-3（Sauropod）31-3（Decline of Coral Reefs）33-3（Notothenioids）12-1（Cell Division）15-4（Biology Community）26-2（Carbon Cycling）Animal Behavior1-4（Marmots）3-1（Humming Birds）4-1（Displacement Activity）8-1（Active Habitat Selection）11-1（Distraction Display）16-3（Foraging Behavior Among Beavers）25-1（Assisted Migration Conservation）25-4（Play）28-2（Mirror Self-Recognition）Botany2-2（Manila Hemp）6-2（Nightcap Oak）19-3（Plants in Salt Mashes）28-3（Plant s’ Photoreceptor）34-3（Plants and Pollinators）4.ArtArt History3-3（Chauvet Painting）8-2（Women Artist in Paris）15-2（Palimpsest）16-4（Stained Glass Art）17-1（Prehistoric Art Dating）18-2（Copies of Greek Sculptures）26-4（Archimedes Palimpsest）34-1（Dadaism）1-1（Rose Frantzen）19-4（Cecilia Beaux）21-4（Alice Neel）27-4（Primary Colors）Music12-3（Opera）16-2（Piano）22-4（Musicians & Film Industry）25-2（Bela Bartok）27-2（Cremonese Violin）30-4（Electric Guitar）31-1（Music in Ancient Greece）Literature4-2（Emerson’s Self－reliance）5-4（Folk Tales and Fairy Tales）6-3（Character Sketch）13-3（Medieval Poetry）20-3（Folk Tales）Architecture11-2（Cape Cod House）13-1（Pedestrian Malls）29-2（Reverberation）32-4（Harriet Morrison Irwin）33-4（The Renaissance Gardens）Dance History23-4（Screen Dance）24-2（Modern Dance）Theater History7-1（The Well－made Play）9-1（Philippe Jacques De Loutherbourg）Film History3-2（Jean Painleve）astronomy2-4asteroid beltMercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranus (天神，乌拉诺斯)NeptunePlutoAstronomical unitPatternCeresobjectGravitation gravity，grav=heavy重，或悲伤Grave 严肃的，庄重的，坟墓Aggra－vation 加重，恶化You can imagine that there was some interest in why the 2.8 spot was skipped Validity3-4bloom 花，开花期 n. 开花，使植物繁盛，大量出现v.spectroscopy spectroscopicspectraspectral linesspectrum 光谱，波普，范围，系列spectral graphemitchemical compositioncrystal prismbeamoptical radiationexposeuranium 以Uranus 为依据命名heliumbleed intomagnify 放大，赞美randomlycompileflamefingerprintextensivecircumspect 小心谨慎的circum周围+spect看→看周围→小心2perspective 透视的per全部+spect看+ive……的→看透了的→透视的3prospective 预期的prospect前景+ive……的→adj.预期的4respectable 可敬的;人格高尚的respect尊敬+able可以……的→adj.可敬的;人格高尚的5respectful 恭敬的,尊重的respect尊敬,尊重+ful有……的→adj.恭敬的,尊重的6respective 各自的,各个的re回+spect看+ive……的→回头看[自己]→各自的7retrospective 追想的,回顾的retrospect[v.回顾,回想]+ive……的→adj.追想的,回顾的8spectacular 壮观的,引人注目的spect看+acular……的→adj.壮观的,引人注目的 n.壮观的演出Badv.1respectively 分别地, 各个地respective[adj.各自的,各个的]+ly表副词→adv.分别地, 各个地Cn.1prospect 景象,前景pro前面+spect看→向前看→前景2aspect 样子, 外表, 面貌, [问题等的]方面a加强意义+spect看→看的东西→外表,容貌3circumspection 细心,慎重circumspect[adj.小心谨慎的]+ion表名词→n.细心,慎重4inspector 检查员, 巡视员inspect[v.检查,调查,视察]+or人→n.检查员, 巡视员5inspection 检查,审查;检阅inspect[v.检查,调查,视察]+ion表名词→n.检查,审查;检阅6prospectus 章程,内容简介;创办计划pro前+spect看+u s→向前看的东西7respect 敬意,问候,关系,方面re再+spect看→再看[一眼]→尊敬8spectacle [spect看+acle东西→看的东西→景象;眼镜9spectacular 壮观的演出spect看+acular……的→adj.壮观的,引人注目的 n.壮观的演出10spectator 观众,旁观者spect看+ator人→看的人11spectrum 系列，范围；光谱spect看+rum→可以看的范围Dn.&v.1respect 尊敬,尊重re再+spect看→再看[一眼]→尊敬Ev.1expect 预期;期望,指望ex出+pect=spect看→看出去,看外面→期待2inspect 检查,调查,视察in内,里面+spect看→看里面→检查3retrospect 回顾,回想retro向后+spect看→向后看4speculate 思索;推测spec=spect看+ulate→看准了→思考,投机5suspect 怀疑sus下面+spect看→在下面看一看,斜眼看→怀疑前缀: per- 1. 表示"贯穿,自始至终;全部"; 2. 表示"假,坏"Aadj.1perennial 全年的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+enn年+ial的→全年的2permanent 永久的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+man拿住+ent……的→永久拿住→永恒的3pernicious 有害的,有毒的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+nic毒+ious……的→有毒的4perplexed 困惑的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+plex重叠+ed……的→重叠在一起→困惑的5perspective 透视的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spect看+ive……的→看透了→透视的6perspicacious 独具慧眼的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spic看+acious多……的→全部看到→独具慧眼7perverse 刚愎自用的,故意作对的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+vers转+e→一直和别人拧着转8perfunctory 草率的per假,坏+funct作用+ory……的→没起好作用→草率的Bn.1percussion 敲打;碰击; 冲突per贯穿,自始至终;全部+cuss摇动,敲打+ion表名词→一直敲打2peroxide 过氧化物per贯穿,自始至终;全部+oxide氧化物→贯穿的氧化物→过氧化物3perturb 烦乱,扰乱per贯穿,自始至终;全部+turb搅→直搅乱→扰乱4perfidy 不忠,背叛per假,坏+fid相信+y状态→假相信→不忠诚5perjury 伪证,假誓per假,坏+jur发誓+y状态→假发誓;参考:jury陪审团Cv.1perforate 打洞per贯穿,自始至终;全部+forate打孔→打孔穿过→打洞2perfuse 使洒遍,横流per贯穿,自始至终;全部+fuse流→流遍3permeate 弥漫,遍布,散布;渗入,渗透per贯穿,自始至终;全部+me走+ate表动词→走过去→渗透过去4persist 坚持per贯穿,自始至终;全部+sist站→站到最后→坚持5perspire 出汗per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spir呼吸+e→全身呼吸→出汗6persuade 劝说per贯穿,自始至终;全部+suade劝→一直劝→劝说7peruse 细读per贯穿,自始至终;全部+use利用→[读书的时候]全部利用→细读8pervade 弥漫,普及per贯穿,自始至终;全部+vade走→走遍,遍及9perpetrate 做坏事;犯罪per假,坏+petr石+ate表动词→像石头一样顽固的做坏事→专横,做坏事10pervert 堕落,滥用per假,坏+vert转→转向坏→堕落1.you get the idea2.Anyone want to take a stab at the scientific term for visible light? And I’m sure all of you know thisbecause you all did the reading for today3.before we get into that, it’s probably a good thing to back up a bit4.what happens if the sunlight’s spectrum is magnified? Maybe you all didn’t do the reading. Well,here’s what you’d see.5.I’m sure all of you know it. OK. Let’s try something else. Any of you happened to be familiar withthe …?5-2compelling reasonspinpointimpact craterbasincolor-coated imagespacecraftlunarorbitequatortopographical 地形的elevation (low, high)diameterdepthplanetaryredistributecrustmantlepenetratecomposition, formationmeteor showerconcentration of hydrogencometmoleculeevaporationprimitiveoxygen and hydrogenrocket fuelmaybe a ways off: way off, 偏离轨道，错得厉害，有很大距离，（”I think you are way off base.）haul: to move something really big with a lot of effortsperpetually, eternally, perpetual motion (永动机), permanentgive or takecrude estimateby inference “You seemed to know about the book and by inference I though t you had read it.”13-4meteoroids 流星体meteorite：陨石meteor: 流星，大气现象，meteorology，气象学，mythologyinterplanetary spaceproportionterrestrial territory terr＝earth，土地；frighten，可怕，恐惧；extraterrestrial 地球外的，宇宙的 Mediterranean，地中海的subterranean，地下的，subterrane，下层，洞穴，地下室cometasteroid (-oid, 希腊语，like， acidoid, 似酸的， asteroid，星状的，小行星，organoid，类器官debris uncountable noun 残骸，碎片，垃圾methanecarbon dioxide (monoxide) nitric oxide 一氧化氮particlenickelindistinguishableleft overanalogous: similar, “marine construction technology like this is very complex, somewhat analogous to trying to build a bridge under water.”Analogy 类似，相似，比拟，“The teacher draw an analogy between the human heart and a pump.”Now I’m going a bit out of a boarder here.the thing is, what’s especially interesting about … is that…难句: they consist of the same chemical elements that are in matter originated on earth.It might help if you think of…remember we talked about the two classes of planets in our solar system? And how they differ in composition?14-3latitude 纬度longitudealtitude elevationorient v. 标定方向，使熟悉或适应，orient oneself orientation n.oriental 东方的seafarersnavigationalpartition v. 分割 partition the country 分裂国家symmetrical 对称的匀称的symmetric 对称性的historichistoricalidenticalcanoediscern 看出理解了解识别Vikingkeep track of seasonsecology9-2we are around the topicCelsiusVegetationShrubTundra: a flat land with very little vegetationPrecipitation, respirationThawPermafrostImpermeableNone of the plants that grow there can have deep roots, can they? No, and that’s one of the reasons that shrubs survive in the arctic Interfere withMicrobes microbialMicroscopic organismNitrogenPhosphorusInsulateRun-offSemiaridPrairie10-3scarce scarcitynitrogen, carbon, phosphorus硫，sulphur sulphuricbreak down erodeparticleweather v.mine v.fertilizerdecomposecompositionalgaeclogadverse adversitysediment depositsubstantial11-3citrusbout 发作 I was suffering with a bout of nerves一段时间，一阵（不愉快的事大量发生）The latest bout of violence has claimed twenty-four lives.Spell of frost 一阵（某种活动，天气等）Wetland swamp marsh 淹没，使陷入困境，忙的不可开交OverwhelmedSwampy marshy 泥泞的沼泽的marshmallowsugar coated hawsdrain 排水 v. 下水道n. drainage 废水，排水系统sewer 下水道阴沟divert 转道，转向－vert＝turnconvert convertible 可辩论的敞篷车ventilate 通风 ventilate the room ventilatorsubscribe 订阅 subscribe to 同意，支持Fahrenheit CelsiusPlumb v. plumberA drop in the bucket12-4alternative energy sourcediffused 含糊不清的难以理解的diffuse v. 传播四散普及 to diffuse new ideas fuse 融化融合保险丝引信 confusespur v. 策马前进鼓励激励加速推动 n. 马刺，刺激因素fall into two categoriespanel 专门小组仪表板solar energyplantmega13-2interrelationshipinterdependenceecosystem ecofriendlylogpondstanding stillmammalssponge songebob squarepantssoak up17-2circular a. ovalelliptical a. 隐晦的，间接的hemisphere sphere 势力范围圈子，阶层This area was formerly within the sphere of influence of the US Glacier 冰川Rotation rotateAxis 轴 symmetry axisScopeSkeptical 怀疑性的TiltPrecessionGeology16-1permeablepermeate the smell of roast beef permeated the airlimestonesulfuric acidbacteriadiagram,let’s draw a diagramwater table 地下水位fissure deep crack in something, especially in rock.Carbonic acidDissolveSolubleSolutionSolv: loosen 溶解，解决，松开Dry as a boneBone dry: the river bed is bone dry.Residue: 残余，残渣，remainsPesticide residue：农药残留Homicide: 凶杀， suicide: 自杀Cide: cut, kill; homi: 人DecideGypsumDormant: 潜伏的，休眠的，静止的Dormant volcanoElaborate: 复杂的，精心制作的，精巧的Labor; 劳动Collaborate: 合作，协作15-2gravelgrav=heavy, 沉重的，悲伤的grave，aggravationgravity, gravitationgravitateepoch: 纪元，时期erosion and weatheringremnants: 残存物CE: common eraBCE: before common era 公元纪年AD: Anno Domini, in the year of our lord, 主的纪年BC: before ChristLivestock; 牲畜9-3Arabian PeninsulaBarren: 贫瘠的，荒原Monsoon: 季风，季风季节，季风雨Dot, spotButte: 孤山，独立的山丘Butt，buttonSand duneTorrential: torrential rain pours down very rapidly and in great quantities. Clay siltChop up 切开，割断 chopstick lamb chopHollow: 坑，洞，山谷 a hollow tree, 空心的树Ridge: 背脊，山脉，田埂，隆起Hollows and ridges: 沟壑3-3（Chauvet Painting）8-2（Women Artist in Paris）15-2（Palimpsest）16-4（Stained Glass Art）17-1（Prehistoric Art Dating）18-2（Copies of Greek Sculptures）26-4（Archimedes Palimpsest）34-1（Dadaism）1-1（Rose Frantzen）19-4（Cecilia Beaux）21-4（Alice Neel）27-4（Primary Colors）3-3cave paintingslides 幻灯片diagram，picturedepictprimitivedating techniquecharcoalPaleolithicNeolithic8-2canny，canny valleypremiereBiology12-1renew 更新，延长有效期tissuechromosomespringcoil up 盘绕，卷成一圈，coil：线圈，卷tongue in cheek 开玩笑的，不是认真的，风凉话，说说而已sequence，repetitiouslacethreadravel: 使纠缠，变得错综复杂，磨损，unravel，解开，阐明1-3settlementinhabitantNeolithicPaleolithicHatchway hatch孵化HearthPlaster 灰泥Lung ribSootBurial sitesAncestor 祖先词根 cess go 行走前进accessibleexcessive 过分的过度的successive suc 随后连续的继承的 successor 继承人继任者 heir heritor process 过程处理concession 让步迁就speculateexcavationcav holelife science12-1be programmed to do 预先设定好了要nerve cellsgene genetic informationchromosome (练习听开头猜测chromosome定义)springcoil 盘绕卷成圈线圈 coil upbreak off 分离脱离停止enzyme 酶immortal 不死的，永恒的，不朽的mortal 致命的，不共戴天的，终有一死的，极度的凡人人类mort ＝ death15-4inorganicphotosynthesisphoton光子microbe。
托福听力之学科词汇
学科词汇汇总antibody 抗体toxin 毒素immunity 免疫immunology 免疫学vaccine 疫苗fungus 真菌bacteria 细菌fermentation 发酵inflection 传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe 微生物virus 病毒disfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌biology 生物学marine biology 海洋生物学entomology 昆虫学ornithology 鸟类学microbiology 微生物学genetics 遗传学speciology 物种学parasitology 寄生虫学paleontology 古生物学paleontologist 古生物学家dinosaur 恐龙die out / extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物carnivore 食肉动物rodent 啮齿类动物underwater 水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving 潜水/ 跳水one-celled organism 单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage 保护色predator 捕猎者oceanic. 海洋的snail 蜗牛animal adaptation 动物适应性survival of the fittest 适者生存origin of species 物种起源wild environment 野生环境insecticide 杀虫剂prenatal care 产后护理habitat 栖息地tentacle 触须prey 捕食navigate 导航tiny receptor 接收器nerve / specimen 物种amphibian 两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene 基因genetic 基因的，遗传的endangered species 濒危动物survival 活着的transition 转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeast 酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell 单细胞reptile 爬行类动物hatch 孵化incubation 孵化nest 巢offspring 子孙chew up 咀嚼unfertilized eggs 未受精卵nutrient 营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed 喂养cannibalism 同类相食respiration 呼吸ingestion 摄食digestion 消化digestive enzyme 消化酶cell 细胞nucleus 细胞核cytoplasm 细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane 细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein 蛋白质amino acid 核酸plankton 浮游生物heredity 遗传mutation of species 物种变异chromosome 染色体genetic engineering 遗传工程solitary 独居social 群居bio-diversity 生物多样性metamorphosis 变态/变形mutation 变种variation 变异zoology 动物学Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择phylum 门class 纲order 目suborder亚目family 科genus 属species种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal 两栖动物protozoa 原生动物rodent 啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal 寄生动物primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore 食草动物mammal 哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal 冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger 食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的bird 鸟类camouflage['kæmuflɑ:ʒ伪装hibernate 冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator 捕食者prey 捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落population 种群herd 兽群hygiene 卫生sanitation 公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic 游牧的；流浪的trapper 诱捕动物者niche 小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer 使受精metabolism 新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce 繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物scales 鳞feathers 羽毛armor 甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system 消化系统excretory system 排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system 循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system 内分泌系统digestive duct 消化管esophagus 食管stomach 胃small intestine小肠large intestine 大肠anus 肛门digestive gland 消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver 肝gallbladder 胆pancreas 胰squirrel 松鼠marten 貂bat 蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter 水獭antelope 羚羊gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩baboon 狒狒hyena 鬣狗moose 驼鹿beaver 海狸elk 麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe 长颈鹿rhinoceros 犀牛hippo 河马sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的frog 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪salamander 蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle 龟lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色龙alligator/ cayman / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede 蜈蚣robin 知更鸟owl 猫头鹰barnacle 北极鹅penguin 企鹅canary 金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture 秃鹫crane 鹤stork鹳ptarmigan 雷鸟migrate 迁移plumage 羽体camouflage 伪装wing 翅膀bill 鸟嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫:wasp 黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider 蜘蛛pest 害虫worm 虫/蠕虫cicada 蝉mantis 螳螂cockroach 蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle 触须larva 幼虫jellyfish 水母nettle fish 海蜇coral 珊瑚dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 龙虾crab螃蟹mussel 贻贝；蚌类clam 蛤蜊oyster 牡蛎sponge 海绵starfish 海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole 鳎；鳎目鱼plaice 鲽，红斑比目鱼botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel / skin 果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk 树干bark 树皮branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝jungle丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses 苔藓shrub / bush 灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern 蕨类植物horsetails 木贼类植物club mosses 石松类植物herb 草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉petal 花瓣nectar 花蜜tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds种子everlasting永久的crossbreed 杂交root pressure 根压bore 腔/肠cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column 花柱necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠的；不生育的futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial 多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant 绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen 常青树conifer tree针叶树larch 落叶松pine 松树spruce 云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia 红杉elm 榆树walnut 核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom 梅花orchid 兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily 荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose 玫瑰carnation 康乃馨lily 百合jasmine 茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower 向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie 玉米pumpkin 南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce 莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats 燕麦meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorological station 气象站forecast / predict 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层stratosphere 平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere 电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass 热气团current（气）流moisture 潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid 潮湿humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿/ 水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense 浓缩crystal水晶体sheet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm 暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze 微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon 季风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale 风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave 潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere 上层大气funnel 漏斗云disaster / calamity /catastrophe 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection 对流wind velocity 风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction 数值天气预报nephanalysis 云层分析；卫星云图crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum 地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split 断裂disintegration /decomposition 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble 大理石lithosphere 岩石圈magma / molten lava 岩浆quartz 石英mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床rubble 碎石debris 残骸platinum 白金/ 铂金silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞/水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided) cone volcano 锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression 洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava 火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic intensity scale 震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm 灾变tsunami / tidal / force 海啸undersea landslide海底山崩melt global warming 全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp 沼泽peat bog 泥炭沼泽Great Canyon 大峡谷Nile River 尼罗河Colorado river 科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock 岩床bulge 凸起物archaeology 考古学paleontology 古生物学anthropology 人类学archaeologist 人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同以种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族excavation 挖掘excavate / unearth 挖掘ruins 遗迹/废墟remains 遗产/遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物/文物antique 古物/古董antiquity 古代/古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的fossil 化石ancient civilization 古代文明cave man 山顶洞人cultural relics 文物rock painting 岩画hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude 经线/ 经度elevation 海拔altitude 高度/ 海拔horizon 地平线equator 赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈aurora 极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone 时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain 平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis 绿洲enclave 飞地peak 山峰cordillera /ranges 山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean 地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游lower reaches 下游tributary 支流deposit 沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade 小瀑布；喷流reef 暗礁tide 湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest 热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的/ 陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra 苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石the Mediterranean Sea 地中海the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia 斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)Fjord [fjɔ:d]峡湾coral reef 珊瑚礁Chalk 白垩纪cataclysm 大洪水ridge 山脊；分水岭abyss 深渊territory 版图；领土地域Pyrenees 比利牛斯山脉Carpathians 喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius 维苏威火山Pompeii 庞贝precipice悬崖eon 世；纪；代glacier 冰河Pangaea 盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖astronomy 天文学astronomical observatory 天文台planetarium 天文馆astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology 宇宙infinite 无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestial body / heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf / dwarf star 矮星quasar 类星体constellation 星座galaxy / Milky Way 银河系star cluster 星团asterism 星群solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid / asteroid小行星revolve 旋转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite卫星lunar 月球的meteor流星meteor shower 流星雨star 恒星meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space / outer space 太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship 宇宙飞船space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope 空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman 宇航员space suit 宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia 氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres 色球；色球层日冕层sunspot 太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare 耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence 日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线absolute magnitude 绝对量级emission 发射/散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object 幻影体faint 微弱的image影像gravitational force 吸引力molten 融化的leap year闰年rotation 自传revolution 公转black hole 黑洞ultraviolet ray 紫外线luminosity 光度light year 光年ecology 生态学ecosystem 生态系统balance of nature 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste 废物solid waste 固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification 污水净化swage disposal 污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis 光合作用solar energy 太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation 保护能源resource 资源energy source 能源资源tidal energy潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油燃烧global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level 海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmental recycling center 再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification 沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought 干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage 工业污水recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate 恶化acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal 污水处理environment protection 环境保护ozone layer 臭氧层waste disposal 废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot 烟尘ElNiño 厄尔尼诺现象artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd 怪诞的/奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的/不可思议的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的/无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的/情感的sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal家长的/ 族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的versatile（人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household 家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic 象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia 怀旧主义/思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的文学pose 散文diary 日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose 叙述性descriptive prose描写性essay 随笔poetry诗歌ballad 民谣lullaby 催眠曲fiction 小说allegory 寓言fairy tale 童话legend 传说proverb 谚语model 人物原型leading character 主人公main plot 主要情节prelude 序曲prologue 序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究schools of literature 文学流派comparative literature 比较文学realism 现实主义surrealism 超现实主义aestheticism 唯美主义音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓foot beat 跺脚note音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐symphony 交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music/ wind music 管乐string 弦乐violin 小提琴viola 中提琴cello 大提琴harp 竖琴horn 号；喇叭clarinet单簧管oboe 双簧管keyboard instrument 键盘乐器percussion 震荡/打击乐器vocal music 声乐concerto 协奏曲sonata 奏鸣曲serenade 小夜曲solo 独奏/ 独唱duet 二重唱conducting 指挥podium 指挥台accompaniment 伴奏quality 音质volume 音量chord 和弦harmony 和声rest 休止time 节拍lullaby 催眠曲prelude 序曲epilogue 尾声政治经济subsistence 存活，生活subsistence wage 刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship 亲属关系，血缘关系commodity 商品check 支票；收据；账单bank loan 银行贷款interest 利息withdraw 从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run on a bank 挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism 消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕，富足sophisticated 世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的建筑architecture 建筑学architect 建筑学家construct 结构wing 辐楼/ 侧楼design 设计elevator 电梯skyscraper 摩天大楼design element 设计元素log structure 原木结构cabin 小木屋beam 梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty 自由女神像the triumphal arch 凯旋门sphinx 狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔美术fine arts 美术oil painting 油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch 速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster 海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco 壁画engraving 版画lithograph 石板画landscape painting 风景画still life 静物画portrait 肖像画caricature 漫画pigment 颜色，色素canvas油画布brush 画笔drawing board 画板perspective 透视画法original原作copy 临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine 真的fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph 真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法paste 裱糊impressionistic style 印象派风格framing 装框sculptor 雕塑家figurine 小雕像bust半身雕塑像animator 漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo 靛蓝。
托福听力文理词汇必备
消化系统
excretory system
排泄系统
hormonalsystem
内分泌系统
solitary
独居
hibernation
冬眠
metamorphosis
变态
variation
变异
mutation
变种
photosynthesis
光合作用
perennial plant
伪装
lobster
龙虾
coral
珊瑚，珊瑚虫
grease
动物脂，脂肪
spine(backbone)
兽骨
beak
鸟嘴，喙
speciology
物种学
parasitology
寄生虫学
ripe,mature,ready
成熟的
extinct
灭绝的
amphibian
两栖动物
rodent
啮齿动物
breed
养育；繁殖；品种
新托福听力文理科专业词汇必背
1.重要学科名称汇总
meteorology
气象学
seismology
地震学
metrology
计ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้学
archaeology
考古学
anthropology
人类学
philosophy
哲学
architecture
建筑学
sociology
社会学
ethics
伦理学
logic
逻辑学
aesthetics
地震波
seismology
地震学
vein
矿脉
托福听力学科分类
托福听力学科分类在〔托福〕听力考试中，题目都是在各种的场景下发生的，我们掌握一些常用的词回事非常重要的下面是我为大家整理的关于托福听力学科分类的相关资料，希望帮到大家。
托福听力学科分类-音乐：classical music 古典音乐folk music 民间音乐country music 乡村音乐light music 轻音乐traditional music 传统音乐pop music 流行音乐rock and roll 摇滚乐dance music 舞曲jazz 爵士乐campus song 校园歌曲art song 艺术歌曲lyric 歌词Peking Opera 京剧music hall 音乐会concert tour 巡回演唱会melody 旋律composer 作曲家singing idol 歌星偶像piano 钢琴violin 小提琴guitar 吉他accordion 手风琴erhu 二胡pipa 琵琶flute 笛子waist drum 腰鼓托福听力学科分类-科目：acoustics(声学)，the scientific study of sound;aeronautics(航空学，航空术)，the science of designing and flying airplanes;aesthetics，esthetics(美学，审美学)，the study of beauty, especially beauty in art;dietetics(营养学)，the science that is concerned with what people eat and drink and how this affects their health;genetics(遗传学)，the study of how the qualities of living things are affected and passed on by genes;linguistics(语言学)，the study of language in general and of particular languages, their structure, grammar, and history;logistics(后勤学)，the study or skill of moving soldiers, supplying them with food etc.;orthodontics(畸齿矫正术，正齿学)，the practice or skill of making teeth move into the right position when they have not been growing correctly。
TPO听力授课部分重点学科重点词汇
艺术类词汇合集01-3艺术---- 写实印象派 --- rose Frantzen gallery 画廊exhibit 展览looked at 阅读realistic写实的impressionism EII象派sum these up 总结impressionist印象派画家depict描绘apply painters 运用颜料canvas画布rough粗糙的subject 主体scenes景色IandSCaPeS地貌，风景bleak萧瑟的，荒凉的blurry模糊的pinkish带点粉色的fence栅栏Iowa艾奥瓦州barn谷仓，牛栏cattle 牛postures 姿态elements 因素depiction 描绘subject matter 主题pumpkins 南瓜brushstrokes 画笔ChaotiC混乱的vibrant震动的electric blue 电光蓝peaking out 漏出来accessible容易理解的appreciate 欣赏attend art school读艺术学校illustration绘画，图解，插图head头头agency机构portrait肖像画art fairs艺术展no matter what无论如何all over the country 全国keep at it坚持住03-4电影历史十九世纪二三十年代back then 当时category 分类standard 标准hybrids杂种，混合物mixture of styles风格的混合fit in匹配,适合in a way在一定意义上，以某种方式conform 遵从classify 分类fuse施合fiction虚构行为，虚构的东西fictional虚构的element 因素aquatic水生的display 展示ITlollIlSk软体动物set it to music配上音乐narration 叙述portray 描绘notions 概念at times 偶尔uncanny怪异的feature 特征suspicious令人怀疑的seahorse 海马that unusual那么奇特rare罕见talk the early 19th century 讨论19 世纪早期in that sense在那个意义上看similarities end相似处到此为止high-tech高科技的fancy花哨的patch the equipment together 把设备绑在——起open Sea广阔的海域ShaIIOW 浅的investigate 调查documentarist纪录片拍摄者catch on(caught On)流行go back to取决于，根源于what to make of his films如何定义他的电影straightforward 直接的buffs爱好者们3-5艺术的起源——法国的洞穴艺术【划线的是一篇】PreSerVed art受保护的艺术品CaVe PaintingS 洞穴画PiPed LIP尖声说Qreat QrandmOther 太婆Prim币Ve低级的Slide幻灯片anythin。
最新托福听力场景学科分类词汇大全
新托福IBT听力场景词汇对话场景选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业、论文assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaireExperimentInterfere, influenceObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship FellowshipTeaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service入学enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓:university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hall computer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂住宿宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongsgarbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入【小站托福TPO】iPad版•Practice模式下，可以逐题突破，对照注解、原文及翻译；长按原文单词，可以开启字典查词功能，也可加入生词本，每日反复背诵加强；Test模式下，可高度模拟真实考试，为考试做好充分准备。
TPO听力按学科分类词汇
目录对话场景词汇： (3)A：Office Hours办公时间—Student & Professor (3)论文 (3)疑难解答 (3)申请 (4)选课 (4)B：Service Encounter服务咨询-- Student & Officer (4)Library:图书馆 (4)Bookstore：书店 (5)Cafeteria：食堂 (5)Registrar’s Office：注册办公室 (5)faculty advisor：指导老师 (5)Counseling Center：咨询中心 (6)Career Services Office:就业服务办公室 (6)Campus Activities.校园活动 (6)Administrating Office行政办公楼 (7)讲座学科词汇： (7)讲座场景A-- Art艺术 (7)Art艺术 (7)音乐：Music (9)建筑：Architecture (9)城市规划：City Planning (10)文学：Literature create (10)舞蹈：Dance (11)讲座场景B-- Social Science 社会科学 (12)考古：Archaeology (12)历史：History (12)人类学：Anthropology (12)哲学：Philosophy (13)心理学：Psychology (13)经济学Economics商业Business (14)社会学：Sociology (15)政治类：Politics (15)讲座场景C—Life Science生命科学 (16)动物学： (16)植物学： (17)考过的动物： (18)考过的植物： (19)Animal Behavior:动物行为 (19)适应：Adaptation (20)进化: Evalution (20)交流：Communication (20)生物工程DNA (21)生态学 (21)讲座场景D—理科—Physical Science 自然科学 (22)天文: Astronomy (22)九大行星 (23)环境科学 (24)地理Geography&地质Geology (25)化学Chemistry (26)物理：Physics (27)其他高频词汇 (29)对话场景词汇：A：Office Hours办公时间—Student & Professor 论文论文：office hour [ˈɔfis] [ˈauə]n.办公时间term paper[tə:m] [ˈpeipə]n.学期论文.essay [ˈesei]n.作文，散文thesis statement论文陈述proposed topics [prəu'pəuzd]推荐的论文选题selecting topic选择性题目scope [skəup]n.范围wander off topic [ˈwɔndə] [ɔ(:)f] [ˈtɔpik]v.跑题. available [ə'veləbl]可利用的collection藏书research data调查数据research project调查项目preliminary outline [prɪ'lɪmɪnɛri]初步提纲final outline最终提纲first draft [ðə] [fə:st] [drɑ:ft]n.初稿draft version [ˈvə:ʃən]草拟版本look over a draft version [luk] [ˈəuvə] [ə] [drɑ:ft] [ˈvə:ʃən]v.检查草拟版本comment [ˈkɔment]n.vt.评论make comment ['kɑmɛnt]评论rewrite [ˌri:ˈrait]v.重写revise [riˈvaiz]v.校正edited version ['vɝʒn]修订版final copy [ˈfainəl] [ˈkɔpi]最后打印版hand in the final copy [hænd] [in] [ðə] [ˈfainəl] [ˈkɔpi]v.提交最后打印版final format ['fɔrmæt]最终格式catalog目录design plan [diˈzain] [plæn]n.设计方案.draw up 得出结论reference section [ˈrefərəns] [ˈsekʃ(ə)n]n.参考部分fixed date固定日期submission [səb'mɪʃən]提交issue发行疑难解答考试专业疑难解答：考试：mid-term exam [mid] [tə:m] [igˈzæm]n.期中考试grade [greid]n.成绩revision [rɪ'vɪʒən]复习fail不及格re-take重修选课与作业(见选课和注册办公室)：elective选修selective选修课bird course轻松的课hard course困难的课程intermediate level [,ɪntɚ'midɪət]中级水平summer session暑期课程seminar ['sɛmɪnɑr]研讨会workshop小型研讨会presentation [prez(ə)n'teɪʃ(ə)n]课堂展示slide [slaɪd]幻灯片register注册sign up注册sign up for a noncredit course [nɔn'kredit]注册permission to register [pɚ'mɪʃən]允许注册due [dju:]adj.截止deadline [ˈdedlain]n.截止日期group project [gru:p] [ˈprɔdʒekt]n.团队项目project作业assignment [əˈsainmənt]n.作业quite a heavy load课业负担沉重学分与学位：credit[ˈkredit]n.学分credit is awarded学分奖励diploma [dɪ'plomə]证书bachelor’s degree学士学位迟到或缺课：attendance [ə'tɛndəns]出勤misse somebody’s lecture缺课fill me in something给我补课extension [ikˈstenʃən]n.延期疑难解答：bulletin board ['bulitin]公告板school bulletin学校公告栏community center社区活动中心be weak in薄弱rushing against the clock忙碌run into problems遇到困难dilemma [dɪ'lemə] n. 两难transfer转系转专业tough decision艰难的抉择consult [kən'sʌlt]咨询enquiry [ɪn'kwaɪri]询问approach方法途径techniques and skills技巧advisor’s approval [ə'pruvl]导师许可letters of recommendation [,rekəmen'deɪʃ(ə)n]推荐信rigorous ['rɪɡərəs] adj. 严格的eligible ['ɛlɪdʒəbl] adj. 合格的previous experience ['privɪəs]事前经验take the prerequisite [,pri'rɛkwəzɪt] 满足先决条件submit [səb'mɪt] 提交sheet单子signature签字soft copy邮件发送check back核查记录formal training正式培训license执照，许可申请申请与志愿：volunteer [ˌvɔlənˈtiə]n.志愿者requirement [rɪ'kwaɪɚmənt]要求admission [əd'mɪʃən]许可campus [ˈkæmpəs]n校园semester[siˈmestə]n.学期（半年）[英式term;术语] scholarship/fellowship [ˈskɔləʃip] [ˈfeləuʃip]n.奖学金选课选课(见选课作业和注册办公室)：credit course ['sɪəriːz学分课程required writing course必修写作课optional class ['ɑpʃənl]选修课preparatory course [priˈpærətəri] [kɔ:s]n.预备课程：intro/introduction course [ˈɪntrəʊ]/ [ˌintrəˈdʌkʃən] [k ɔ:s].n.导论课程foundation course [faunˈdeiʃən] [kɔ:s]n.基础课程intermediate course [ˌintəˈmi:diət] [kɔ:s]n.中级课程advanced course [ədˈvɑ:nst] [kɔ:s]n.高级课程B：Service Encounter服务咨询-- Student & Officer Library:图书馆librarian[laiˈbrɛəriən]n.图书管理员inter-library[ˈɪntə(r)] [ˈlaibrəri]n.图书馆间video library [ˈvidiəu] [ˈlaibrəri]n.录像图书馆in the basement [in] [ðə, ði:] [ˈbeismənt]n.地下室reference room n.阅览室the reference stacks [ðə, ði:] [ˈrefərəns] [stæks]n.书库the front desk [ðə, ði:] [frʌnt] [desk]n.前台loan[ləun]v.n.借loan counter[ləun] [ˈkauntə] n.借书处loan period [ləun] [ˈpiəriəd] n.借书期限return [riˈtə:n]v.还renew [riˈnju:]v.更新，续reserve[riˈzə:v]vt.预留/n.储备photocopier[ˈfəʊtəʊkɔpɪə(r)]n.影印机fine [fain]vt.罚款/n.罚金charge[tʃɑ:dʒ] =fee[fi:]n.费用academics[ˌækəˈdemik]a.学术journal [ˈdʒə:nəl]n.期刊literature review [ˈlitərətʃə] [riˈvju:]n.文献评论newspaper reviews [ˈnju:sˌpeipə] [riˈvju:z] n.报纸评论contemporary reviews [kənˈtempərəri] [riˈvju:z]n.当代评论paperback n.平装本electronic [iˌlekˈtrɔnik]adj.电子版的the rare books [ðə, ði:] [reə] [buks]珍藏本书gloves[glʌvz]手套front cover 书的封面index ['ɪndɛks] n.索引literature guide n.导读reference guide [ˈrefərəns] [gaid]n.参考指南abstract [ˈæbstrækt]vt.摘要title [ˈtaitl]n.标题screen[skri:n]n.电脑屏幕database [ˈdeitəbeis]n.数据库published and unpublished data [ˈpʌbliʃt] [ənd] [ˏʌnˋp ʌblɪʃt] [ˈdeitə]n.出版未出版数据库student orientation [ˈstju:dənt] [ˌɔ:riənˈteiʃən]n.情况介绍（针对大学新生）precaution [prɪ'kɔʃən] n. 预防Bookstore：书店merchandises[ˈmə:tʃəndaiz]n.商品store credit [stɔ:] [ˈkredit] n.商店退款；赊账购物purchase ['pə:tʃəs] =buy [bai] vt.买retreat[riˈtri:t]n.退书policy [ˈpɔləsi]n.规定full refund [ful] [riˈfʌnd, ˈri:fʌnd]n.退款Cafeteria：食堂restaurant ['restərɔnt] /dining room[ˈdaɪnɪŋ] [ru:m]n.餐厅organic food [ɔ:ˈgænik] [fu:d]n.有机食物deep fried food [di:p] [fraid] [fu:d]n.油炸食物waiter [ˈweitə] n.男服务员waitress[ˈweitris]n.女服务员snack[snæk]n.小吃，快餐salad[ˈsæləd]n.沙拉Registrar’s Office：注册办公室注册(见选课和考试选课作业)：dean [di:n]n.院长；系主任department chair [diˈpɑ:tmənt] [tʃɛə] /chairperson['tʃɛəpə:sn]n.系主任enroll in注册course[kɔ:s]n.课程basic course [ˈbeisik] [kɔ:s]n.基础课程foundational classe [faunˈdeiʃən] [ˈklæsik] 基础课程introductory course [ˌintəˈdʌktəri] [kɔ:s]n. 基础入门课程the intermediate level course [ðə, ði:] [ˌintəˈmi:diət] [ˈlevəl] [kɔ:s]n.中级水平field work [fild wɚk] /research [riˈsə:tʃ]n.实地研究academic record [ˌækəˈdemik] [ˈrekɔ:d, riˈkɔ:d]n. 学业成绩grade point average 平均绩点credit[ˈkredit]n.学分expense n.花费tuition [tʊ'ɪʃən] n.学费scholarship ['skɒləʃɪp] n. 奖学金financial aid 助学金graduation form [ˌgrædʒuˈeiʃən] [fɔ:m]n.毕业表格. graduation requirements [ˌgrædʒuˈeiʃən] [riˈkwaiəmənts]要求permission[pəˈmiʃən]n.允许，许可verify [ˈverifai]vt. 证实mailing address [ˈmeiliŋ əˈdres]n.邮寄地址faculty advisor：指导老师生活指导facilities manager：后勤经理language lab manager语言实验室经理administrating office行政办公楼hall [hɔ:l]n.大厅laboratory [ləˈbɔrətəri]n.实验室dorm [dɔ:m] /dormitory [ˈdɔ:mitəri]n.宿舍auditorium [ˌɔ:diˈtɔ:riəm]n.礼堂，会堂chorus [ˈkɔ:rəs] =choir[ˈkwaiə]n.合唱队concert [ˈkɔnsət]n.音乐会rehearsal [riˈhə:səl]n.排练，预演construction [kənˈstrʌkʃən]n.建筑施工request [riˈkwest] vt.／n.请求reschedule [ri:ˈʃedju:l]vt.重新安排时间表summit[ˈsʌmit]n.提交application [ˌæplɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] n. 申请feedback [ˈfi:dbæk]n.反馈video [ˈvidiəu]n.视频；录像Counseling Center：咨询中心银行和工资counselor [ˈkaunsələ]n. 咨询员Department Secretary:部门秘书bank account [bæŋk əˈkaʊnt] n.银行存款/账户bill [bil]n. 账单cash [kæʃ]n. 现金credit card[ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd]n.信用卡deposits[diˈpɔzits]n.存款paycheck ['peitʃek]n. 薪水payroll [ˈpeirəul]n.工资单；薪水册salary [ˈsæləri] =income [ˈinkʌm]n. 工资fax [fæks]n.传真form [fɔ:m]n.表格table [ˈteibəl]n.表格chart [tʃɑ:t]n.图表Career Services Office:就业服务办公室实习与打工：career [kəˈriə]n.职业career advisory service职业咨询服务freshman [ˈfreʃmən]n.大一新生sophomore[ˈsɔfəmɔ:]n.大二junior[ˈdʒu:niə]n.大三seniors [ˈsi:niə]n.大四学生graduate [ˈgrædjueit] vi. 毕业n.毕业生interview [ˈintəvju:]n.面试resume [ˈrezju:mei]n.简历recommend letter [ˌrekəˈmend] [ˈletə]n.推荐信employee [imˈplɔi-i:] n.雇员employer [imˈplɔiə]n.雇主intern n. 实习生alumni [ə'lʌmnaɪ]n. 男校友recruit [riˈkru:t]vt.招聘website ['webˌsait]n.网站career [kəˈriə] /job fair[dʒɑb fɛr]n.招聘会wear a suit [wɛə][ei, ə, æn, ən] [su:t, sju:t]n.正装firm [fə:m] =company [ˈkʌmpəni] =corporation [ˌkɔ:pəˈreiʃən]n.公司advancement [ədˈvɑ:nsmənt] =promotion [prəˈməuʃən]n.晋升Campus Activities.校园活动校内活动：off campus 校外commute [kə'mjʊt] v. 通勤campus activities. 校园活动announcement[əˈnaunsmənt]n.公告；通告poster [ˈpəustə]n.海报flyers [ˈflaiəz]n.传单social[ˈsəuʃəl]a.社交laundry ['lɔndri] n. 洗衣房gym card [dʒim] [kɑ:d]n.健身卡request [riˈkwest] vt.／n. 请求appointment [,kɑmprɪ'hɛnsɪv]预约，约会dentist [,intrə'dʌktəri]牙医Administrating Office行政办公楼department院系faculties ['fæk(ə)ltɪs] n. 系，学院；才能，能力；全体教员staff [stɑ:f] n.全体职员retire [riˈtaiə]v.退休housing office 住宿办公室讲座学科词汇：讲座场景A-- Art艺术Art艺术美术：fine art[fain] [ɑ:t] n.美术academy [əˈkædəmi] n.学院；研究院art academy [ɑ:t] [əˈkædəmi] n.艺术学院gallery [ˈgæləri] n.画廊studio[ˈstju:diəu] n.工作室；画室salon [səˈlɔn] n.沙龙，美术展览馆exhibition [eksiˈbiʃ(ə)n] n.展览（会）convention [kənˈvenʃən] n.大会；惯例，习俗the Renaissance [ˌrɛnəˈzans] n.文艺复兴contemporary art [kənˈtempərəri] [ɑ:t] n.当代艺术tribal art [ˈtraibəl][ɑ:t] n.部落艺术abstract art [ˈæbstrækt] [ɑ:t] n.抽象派avant-garde[,ævɔŋ'ɡɑ:d] n.前卫派realism [ˈriəlizəm] n现实主义impressionism [ɪmˈpreʃənɪz(ə)m] n.印象主义impressionistic style[ɪm,preʃə'nɪstɪk]印象派风格Dadaism. [ˈdɑːdəizəm] n.达达派，达达主义neoclassical [ˈniːəuklæsikəl] adj.新古典主义的realistic [riəˈlistik] adj.现实主义的minimalist ['mɪnɪm(ə)lɪst]n.简单抽象派艺术家precursor[prɪ'kɜːsə]n.先驱figurehead ['fɪgəhed] 名誉领袖critic['krɪtɪk] n.批评家amateur [‘æmətə] n. 业余艺术家oil painting油画water color水彩画engraving [ɪn'greɪvɪŋ; en-] n.版画mural painting['mjʊər(ə)l] / fresco['freskəʊ]n.壁画cave art [keiv] [ɑ:t] n.洞穴壁画charcoal drawing ['tʃɑːkəʊl]木炭画sketch[sketʃ] n.速写/素描caricature ['kærɪkətjʊə; 'kærɪkətʃɔː] n.漫画animatorn.漫画家panorama [pænə'rɑːmə] n. 全景画calligraphy[kə'lɪgrəfɪ] n.书法sculpture [ˈskʌlptʃə]n.雕塑statue ['stætjuː; -tʃuː] n.塑像bust [bʌst] n.半身雕塑像sculptor n.雕塑家decoration [ˌdekəˈreiʃən]= adornment[əˈdɔ:nmənt] n.装饰品stained glass [steɪnd `glæs ]n.彩色玻璃fabric[ˈfæbrik] n.纤维织物weaving[ˈwiː.vɪŋ] n.织动，编织mosaic [məuˈzei-ik] n.马赛克ceramics[siˈræmiks] n.制陶术，制陶业painting=work [ˈpeintiŋ] [wə:k] n.绘画作品masterpiece [ˈmæstəpi:s] n.杰作autograph['ɔːtəgrɑːf]真迹original [əˈridʒənəl]n.原作reproduction / replica [riːprə'dʌkʃ(ə)n]['replɪkə]复制品fake[feɪk] adj.假的genuine['dʒenjʊɪn] adj.真正的brushstroke [brʌʃ] [strəuk] n.一笔，绘画技巧texture [ˈtekstʃə] n.质地，纹理perspective [pə'spektɪv]透视画法brush[brʌʃ] n. 画笔drawing board画板canvas [ˈkænvəs]n.画布，帆布pigment ['pɪgm(ə)nt]颜色，色素ivory [ˈaivəri]n.象牙；乳白色purple紫色indigo ['ɪndɪgəʊ] 靛蓝layer [‘leiə] n. 垫片，层framing['freɪmɪŋ] n.装框paste [peɪst] v.裱糊scene [si:n] n.景色nature scene [ˈneitʃə] [si:n] n.场景，景色landscape [ˈlændskeip] n.风景posture [ˈpɔstʃə] n.姿势facial [ˈfeiʃəl] adj. 面部的，表面的gesture [‘dʒestʃə] n.造型printing press [ˈprintiŋ][pres] n.印刷机lightproof [‘laitpru:f] adj.不透光image [‘imidʒ] n. 影像prehistory [ˈpriːhistəri] n.史前era [ˈiərə]n.时代；年代；纪元season [‘si:zən] n. 适合某种活动的季节,期间rank [ræŋk]v.分等级appeal [ə’pi:l] v.对……有吸引力make a name [meik] [ə] [ˈneim]v.出名，成名clergy [ˈklə:dʒi] n.神职人员；牧师；僧侣Christian Church: [ˈkristʃən] [tʃə:tʃ] n.基督教教会monastery [ˈmɔnəstri] n.修道院；僧侣prayer book [ˈpreə] [buk] n.祈祷书knight [nait]n. 骑兵，骑士戏剧电影摄影：drama [‘drɑ:mə] n.戏剧dramaturge [‘dræmə’tə:dʒ] n.剧作家tragedy [‘trædʒidi] n.悲剧puppet show [‘pʌpit-ʃəu] n.木偶剧script [skript] n.剧本early version [ˈə:li] [ˈvə:ʃən]n.早期版本theatrical text [θi’ætrikəl-tekst] n.戏剧文本producer [prə’dju:sə] n. 制片人film [film]n.=movie [ˈmu:vi] n.=motion picture [ˈməuʃən] [ˈpiktʃə]n.电影production [prə’dʌkʃən] n.作品，成品，电影制片director [di’rektə] n.导演documentarist[ˏdɔkjʊˋmentərɪst] n.纪录片导演documentary [ˌdɔkjuˈmentəri]n.纪录片portray [pɔ:ˈtrei] vt.描绘，扮演cast [kɑ:st] v. 指定角色audition [ɔ:’diʃən] v. 在试演中评估某一人物performer [pə’fɔ:mə] n.表演者acrobat [‘ækrəbæt] n.杂技演员juggler [‘dʒʌɡlə] n. 玩杂耍的人mime [maim] n. 滑稽演员，哑剧演员，丑角clown [klaun] n. 小丑puppeteer [pʌpi’tiə] n. 演木偶戏的人pantomime [‘pæntəmaim] n.哑剧表演minstrel [‘minstrəl] n. 诗歌演唱者audience [ˈɔ:diəns]n.观众，听众，读者theater [ˈθiətə]n. =cinema [ˈsinimə] n.电影院scenery [‘si:nəri] n.舞台布景imitation [‘imi’teiʃən] n.道具costume [‘kɔstju:m] n.装束makeup [‘meikʌp] n.化妆品characteristic [ˌkæriktəˈristik] n.特征，特质stereotype: [ˈsteriətaip] n.刻板印象，成见，定型行为hybrid[ˈhaibrid]n.混合；混血narration [nəˈreiʃən] n.叙事，讲述standard [ˈstændəd] n.标准framework [‘freimwə:k] n.结构photography [fəˈtɔgrəfi] n.摄影film [film] n. 胶片expose [iks’pəuz] v. 曝光，暴露exposure [iks’pəuʒə] n.曝光sensitized paper [‘sensitaizd-'peipə] n. 感光纸emulsion [i’mʌlʃən] n. 感光乳剂high-tech [haɪˈtek] n.高科技equipment[iˈkwipmənt] n.设备processing [prəu’sesiŋ] n.处理entertain [‘entə’tein] v.娱乐pioneer [ˌpaiəˈniə]n.先驱innovator [ˋɪnəʊveɪtə(r)] n.改革者inventor发明家mechanic[mɪ'kænɪk] 机械工proprietor[prə'praɪətə] 业主feminist ['fɛmənɪst] 女权主义者humanitarian [hjʊ,mænɪ'teərɪən] 人道主义者apprentice [ə'prentɪs]学徒disciple[dɪ'saɪp(ə)l]n.学徒crew [kru:] n.全体人员mortal ['mɔːt(ə)l] 犯人renowned[riˈnaund] adj. 著名的household adj.家庭的/家喻户晓的classic adj.经典的traditional [trəˈdiʃənəl]adj.传统的immortal[ɪ'mɔːt(ə)l] adj.不朽的/神unique adj.唯一的/独特的versatile ['vɜːsətaɪl] adj.（人）多才多艺的（物）多功能的innocent ['ɪnəs(ə)nt] adj.天真的/无罪的romantic adj.浪漫的odd adj.怪诞的/奇数的erratic [ɪ'rætɪk] adj.奇怪的eccentric [ɪk'sentrɪk; ek-] adj.古怪的weird adj.怪异的/不可思议的emotional adj.情绪的/情感的emotive adj.感人的sentimental[sentɪ'ment(ə)l] adj.感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless adj.无精打采的/无生命力的clumsy['klʌmzɪ] adj.笨拙的rigid['rɪdʒɪd] adj.僵化的spare[speə] adj.简朴的zigzag ['zɪgzæg] adj.曲折的symbolic [sɪm'bɒlɪk] adj.象征性的contemplative[ˈkɔntempleitiv] adj.沉思的；冥想的sarcastic [sɑ:ˈkæstik, sɑr-] adj. 讽刺的authentic [ɔ:ˈθentik] adj.真正的，真实的；可信的accessible [əkˈsesəbəl] adj.易接近的；可进入的；可理解的daydream [ˈdeɪdriːm]n.白日梦nightmare [ˈnaitmeə] n.噩梦音乐：Musicfolk music民间音乐hillbilly music ['hɪlbɪlɪ] 乡村音乐chamber music [ˈtʃeimbə] [ˈmju:zik] n.室内音乐symphony [ˈsimfəni] n. 交响乐Broadway musical: [ˈbrɔ:dwei] [ˈmju:zikəl]n.百老汇音乐剧musician [mju(:)ˈziʃən] n.音乐家composer [kəmˈpəuzə]n.作曲家；作家critic [ˈkritik]n.评论家；批评者choir [ˈkwaiə] n. 合唱队chorus [ˈkɔ:rəs] =choir[ˈkwaiə]n.合唱队note n.音符step [step] n.音级scale [skeil] n.音阶tone [təun] n.音调pitch [pitʃ] n.音高volume [‘vɔlju:m] n.音量register [‘redʒistə] n.音域solo ['səʊləʊ]独奏/独唱harmony n.和声chord[kɔːd] n.和弦melody [ˈmelədi] n. 旋律；歌曲rhythm ['riðəm,'riθəm]n.节奏韵律rhythmic patterns ['riðmik - 'pætənz] n. 有节奏的模式notation [nəu’teiʃən] n.谱号(musical notation: 音乐记谱)score [skɔ:] n.乐谱composition [‘kɔmpə’ziʃən] n.乐曲movement n. 乐章lullaby['lʌləbaɪ]催眠曲sonata [sə'nɑːtə]奏鸣曲serenade[serə'neɪd] 小夜曲vocal music声乐band music / wind music管乐orchestra [ˈɔ:kistrə]n. 管弦乐队conducting指挥podium['pəʊdɪəm] 指挥台accompaniment [ə'kʌmp(ə)nɪm(ə)nt] n.伴奏musical instrument乐器string instrument [striŋ] [ˈinstrumənt] n.弦乐器keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion instrument [pəˈkʌʃən] [ˈinstrumənt] n.打击乐器violin [ˌvaiəˈlin] n.小提琴；小提琴手viola [viˈəulə] n.中提琴，中提琴演奏者cello [ˈtʃeləʊ] n.大提琴fhorn号；喇叭clarinet [klæriˈnet] n.单簧管；竖笛，黑管pound drum 击鼓formal [ˈfɔ:məl]adj.正式的improvisational [ˏɪmprəvaɪˋzeɪʃənəl]adj.即兴的fanatical [fə'nætikl] 狂热的建筑：Architecturearchitect [ˈɑ:kitekt] n.建筑师building technique建筑工艺crafting n. 工艺；手工aesthetic [i:s’θetik] adj.美学的school [sku:l] n.学派guild [ɡild] n.协会design设计design element设计元素nterior design [in’tiəriə-di'zain] n.室内设计construct [kən'strʌkt]n.结构compact structure [ˈkɔmpækt] [ˈstrʌktʃə] n.紧凑的结构component [kəm’pəunənt] n.零件，构件composing [kəm'pəuziŋ]n. 组成tension [‘tenʃən] n.绷紧状态cube [kjuːb] n.立方体facade [fə’sɑ:d] n.（建筑物的）外立面，尤指正面alignment [ə’lainmənt] n.直线排列parallel [‘pærəlel] adj.平行的fine [fain] adj.（区别）微小的；细微的flat [flæt] adj.扁平的immense [i’mens] adj.极大的molten [‘məultən] adj.熔化的；熔融的archives['a:kaivz]档案馆planetarium[,plænɪ'teərɪəm] 天文馆aquarium [ə'kweərɪəm]水族馆skyscraper [‘skai’skreipə] n.摩天大楼office building写字楼cabin['kæbɪn]n. 小木屋cathedral[kə'θiːdr(ə)l] n.大教堂mosque[mɒsk] 清真寺castle ['kɑːs(ə)l] n.城堡Gothic [‘ɡɔθik] adj.哥特式的pyramid 金字塔the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch[ɑːtʃ]凯旋门celebrated [‘selibreitid] adj.著名的roof [ru:f] n.屋顶dome [dəum] n.穹顶arch [ɑ:tʃ] n.拱（连柱的）ceiling [‘si:liŋ] n.天花板marble slab ['mɑːbl-slæb] n.大理石板skeleton [‘skelitn] n.框架结构整体框架steel girder [sti:l][ˈgə:də] n.钢梁metal-frame金属结构mat [mæt] n.垫子pedestal ['pedistəl] n. 基架，基座doorway [‘dɔ:wei] n.门口corridor [‘kɔridɔ:] n.走廊staircase [‘stɛəkeis] n.楼梯electric elevator [i’lektrik - ‘eliveitə] n.电梯dwelling [‘dwelɪŋ] n.住处，居住空间fountain [‘fauntin] n.喷泉lamp [læmp] n.灯chimney [‘tʃimni] n.烟囱drainer [‘dreinə] n.下水道装置,滤水器sewer [sjuə] n.排水沟pipeline [‘paiplain] n.管道，输送管道canal [kə’næl] n.运河timber [‘timbə] n.木材splint [splint] n.薄木条lime [laim] n.石灰plaster [‘plɑ:stə] n.石膏mortar [‘mɔ:tə] n.砂浆, 灰浆tile [tail] n.饰面砖，瓷砖fiber [‘faibə] n.纤维hemp [hemp] n.大麻纤维new material新材料prototype['prəʊtətaɪp] n.原型portrait [‘pɔ:trit] n.肖像sphinx[sfɪŋks] n.狮身人面像sculpt [skʌlpt] v.雕刻pastel [pæs’tel] n.彩色蜡笔画parchment [‘pɑ:tʃmənt] n.羊皮纸decoration [ˌdekəˈreiʃən]= adornment[əˈdɔ:nmənt] n.装饰品pour [pɔ:] v.浇注erect [i’rekt] v.竖立，建立hammer [‘hæmə] v.锤打imold [məuld] v.塑造cohere [kəu’hiə] v.粘合converge [kən’və:dʒ] v.聚合于，集中于一点span [spæn] v.（桥、拱等）横跨fabric weaving [‘fæbrik - 'wiːviŋ] n.纺织，编织城市规划：City Planninglayout [ˈleiaut]n.布局downtown [ˈdaunˈtaun]n.市中心suburb [ˈsʌbə:b] n.郊外country =rural area[ˈkʌntri]= [ˈruərəl] [ˈɛəriə]n.农村residential area[ˌreziˈdenʃəl] [ˈɛəriə]n. 住宅区local resident[ˈləukəl] [ˈrezidənt] n.当地居民dweller [ˈdwelə]n.居民inhabitant [inˈhæbitənt]n.居民sidewalk[ˈsaidwɔ:k]n.人行道pedestrian mall [piˈdestriən] [mɔ:l] n.步行街off-limits[ˌɒfˈlɪm.ɪts]n.禁区，禁止进入transportation hub [ˌtrænspə:ˈteiʃən] [hʌb]n.中转港bus terminal [bʌs] [ˈtə:minəl]n.公车终点站facilitate [fə’siliteit] v.提供便利privately owned [‘praivitli-əund] adj.私有的publicly owned [‘pʌblikli:-əund] adj.公有的public utility [‘pʌblik-ju’tiliti] n.公用事业vehicle [‘vi:ikl] n.交通工具parking area/lot[ˈpɑːkiŋ] [ˈɛəriə]/ [lɔt]=car park [kɑ:] [p ɑ:k]=stopping place [ˈstɔpiŋ] [pleis]n.停车场automobile [ˈɔ:təməubi:l]=car [kɑ:]=vehicle [ˈvi:ikəl]n.汽车subway station [ˈsʌbwei] [ˈsteiʃən]=underground[ˌʌnd əˈgraund]n.地铁文学：Literature creategenre [ˈʒɔnrə]n.文体fairy tale[ˈfeə.ri.teɪl]n.童话；神话folk tale [fəulk] [teil]n.民间故事mythology [miˈθɔlədʒi] n.神话；神话学；神话集allegory [ˈæliɡəri] n.寓言legend [ˈledʒənd] n.传说novel [ˈnɔvəl]=fiction [ˈfikʃən]n.小说science fiction[ˈsaiəns] [ˈfikʃən]n.科幻小说prose n.= essay [ˈesei]n.散文descriptive prose [dɪ'skrɪptɪv] 描写性散文narrative prose ['nærətɪv] 叙述性散文poetry [ˈpəuitri]=poem [ˈpəuim]n.诗歌autobiography[ɔːtəbaɪ'ɒgrəfɪ] n. 人物传记character sketch [ˈkæriktə] [sketʃ]n.素描，人物速写”lyrics [ˈliriks]n.抒情诗ballad ['bæləd]民谣proverb ['prɒvɜːb] 谚语editorial [ˌediˈtɔ:riəl] n. 社论type [taip]n.类型style [stail]n.风格works[wə:ks]n.作品author [ˈɔ:θə]n.作者story tellers [ˈstɔːriˌtelə] n.说故事的人satirist ['sætərɪst]讽刺作家biographer [baɪ'ɒɡrəfə] 自传作家imagist ['imidʒist] 意象派诗人troubadour [ˈtruːbəduə] n.行吟诗人literacy [ˈlitərəsi] n.读写能力；精通文学literary criticism文学批评literary studies文学研究comment [ˈkɔment]n.评论schools of literature文学流派realism['rɪəlɪz(ə)m] 现实主义surrealism [sə'rɪəlɪz(ə)m] 超现实主义modernism ['mɒd(ə)nɪz(ə)m]现代主义aestheticism[iːs'θetɪsɪz(ə)m; es-]唯美主义character[ˈkæriktə]n. 人物,角色，性格leading character主人公major/main character[ˈmeidʒə]/ [mein] [ˈkærikt ə]=round character[raund] [ˈkæriktə]n.主角minor characters[ˈmainə] [ˈkæriktə]=flat character [flæt] [ˈkæriktə] n.配角characters’ personalities[ˈkæriktəs] [ˌpə:səˈnæliti]n.人物个性people’s trait [ˈpi:plz] [treit]n.人物特质model n.人物原型stereotype: [ˈsteriətaip] n.刻板印象，成见，定型行为background [ˈbækgraund]n.背景setting [ˈsetiŋ]n.场景prelude ['preljuːd]序曲prologue ['prəʊlɒg]n.序言main plot [plɔt]n主要情节obligatory scene[əˈbligəˌtəri] [si:n]n.必须的情节incident [ˈinsidənt]n.事件.ending[ˈendiŋ]= denouement [deiˈnu:mɑŋ] n.结局quotation [kwəuˈteiʃən]n.引用语fortune[ˈfɔ:tʃənət]n.命运，运气servant [ˈsə:vənt]n.仆人master [ˈmɑ:stə]n.主人royalty [ˈrɔiəlti]n.皇室prince [ˈprins]n.王子princess [ˌprinˈses]n.公主knight[nait]n.骑兵，骑士chivalry [ˈʃivəlri] n.侠气，骑士精神clergy [ˈklə:dʒi] n.神职人员；牧师；僧侣religion [riˈlidʒən] n.宗教；宗教信仰Christian Church: [ˈkristʃən] [tʃə:tʃ] n.基督教教会museum [mju(:)ˈziəm]n.博物馆entertainment[ˌentəˈteinmənt]=recreation [ˌrekriˈeiʃən]=amusement [əˈmju:zmənt]n.娱乐formula [ˈfɔ:mjulə]n.准则，公式universal truth [ˌju:niˈvə:səl] [tru:θ]n.真理the inciting [ðə][inˈsait iŋ]n.刺激logical [ˈlɔdʒikəl]adj.合乎逻辑的appreciate [əˈpri:ʃieit]vt.欣赏戏剧（见艺术电影摄影）：drama[ˈdrɑ:mə]=theater [ˈθiətə]=play [plei]n.戏剧opera [ˈɔpərə]n.歌剧well-made play[wel] [meid] [plei]n.佳构剧comedy [ˈkɔmidi]n.喜剧portray[pɔ:ˈtrei]vt.描绘舞蹈：Danceballet[bæˈleɪ]n.芭蕾舞choreography [ˌkɔriˈɔgrəfi]n.编舞choreographer[,kɔri'ɔɡrəfə] 舞蹈编排家toeshoe [ˋtəʊʃuː] n.芭蕾舞鞋讲座场景B-- Social Science 社会科学考古：ArchaeologyStone Age 石器时代Paleolithic [,pælɪəʊ'lɪθɪk]旧石器时代的the Paleolithic period/age [ðə] [ˌpæliəuˈliθik] [ˈpiəriəd]/ [eidʒ]= the Old/late Stone Age [ðə] [əuld]/ [leit] [stəun] [eidʒ]n.旧石器时代Mesolithic [ˌmɛsəʊˈlɪθɪk]中石器时代的Neolithic [ˌniːəʊˈlɪθɪk]新石器时代的the Neolithic period/age [ðə] [ˌni:əuˈliθik] [ˈpiəriəd]/ [eidʒ]=New stone age [nju:] [stəun] [eidʒ]n.新石器时代Bronze Age [brɒnz]（青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代primitive [ˈprimitiv]n.原始人，adj原始的ancestor [ˈænsɛstə]祖先cave man山顶洞人nomad [ˈnəumæd]n.游牧民clan [klæn]氏族tribe [traɪb]部落alliance [əˈlaiəns]=federation [ˌfedəˈreiʃən]n.联盟homogeneous [ˌhəʊməˈdʒiːnɪəs ˌhɒm-]同一种族（种类）的archeologist [,ɑ:ki'ɔlədʒist]考古学家antiquity [ænˈtɪkwɪtɪ]古代，古老ancient civilization [,sɪvələ'zeʃən]古代文明grave= tomb [greiv]= [tu:m]n.坟墓ruins [ˈruːɪn]遗迹，废墟remains [rɪ'meɪnz]遗产/遗骸skull [skʌl]颅骨cranial ['kreɪnɪəl]颅骨的historicalrelic [hisˈtɔrikəl] [ˈrelik]n.遗迹cultural relics ['rɛliks]文物relic [ˈrɛlɪk]遗物，文物antique [æn'tiːk]古物/古董artifact [ˈɑːtɪˌfækt]手工艺品utensil [ju:ˈtensəl]n.餐具，炊具cooking container [ˈkukiŋ] [kənˈteinə]n.容器canoe [kəˈnu:]独木舟obsidian [ɔbˈsidiən]n.黑曜石covert ['kʌvət]n. 隐藏处shelter [ˈʃeltə] n.庇护所religion [riˈlidʒən]n.宗教ritual [‘ritʃuəl] n.（宗教）仪式originate [əˈrɪdʒɪˌneɪt]起源于inhabit [inˈhæbit]vt.居住于bury[ˈberi]v.埋葬excavate / unearth v.挖掘excavation [ˌekskəˈveiʃən]n.挖掘历史：Historyera [ˈiərə]n.时代；年代；纪元prehistory [ˈpriːhistəri] n.史前ancient Rome/Greek [ˈeinʃənt] [rəum]/ [gri:k]n. 古罗马/希腊medieval [,medi'i:vəl,]adj. 中世纪Europe [ˈjuərəp] n.欧洲Britain [ˈbritən]n.英国Italy [ˈitəli] n. 意大利Rome(Roma) [rəum] n. 罗马Greek [gri:k] n. 希腊Egypt [ˈi:dʒipt] n.埃及France [ˈfræns] n.法国Germany [ˈdʒə:məni] n.德国Spain [spein] n.西班牙Turkey[ˈtə:ki] n.土耳其（Turkish）Netherlands[ˈneðələndz] =Holland [ˈhɔlənd] n.荷兰（Dutch荷兰人）Canada [ˈkænədə] n.加拿大（Canadian [kəˈneidiən] n.加拿大人）Mount Rushmore 拉什莫尔山（位于美国南达科他州）总统山；人类学：Anthropologyanthropologist [ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst]人类学家paleoanthropologist [ˌpælɪəʊˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪ]古人类学家ecological anthropologist [ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl]生态人类学家psychological anthropologist [ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl]心理人类学家Native American [ˈneitiv] [əˈmerikən]n. 美洲原住民，印第安人patriarchal [,peitri'ɑ:kəl] adj.家长的/族长的哲学：Philosophyphilosophy [fi'lɔsəfi,fə-]n. 哲学；哲理；人生观Aristotle’s ethical theory [ˈæristɔtlz] [ˈeθikəl] [ˈθiəri]n.伦理学Ancient Greek philosopher [ˈeinʃənt] [gri:k] [fiˈlɔsəfə]n.古希腊哲学家Socrates[ˈsɔkrəti:z]苏格拉底；Plato [ˈpleitəu]柏拉图；Aristotle [ˈæristɔtl]亚里士多德ideology [ˌaɪdɪˈɒlədʒɪ]意识形态intellect ['intəlekt]n. 智力，理解力；知识分子；思维逻辑领悟力；智力高的happiness [ˈhæpinis]n.幸福fame [feim]n. 名声，名望external [ik'stə:nəl]adj. 外部的；表面的optimism ['ɔptimizəm] n. 乐观；乐观主义心理学：Psychologybaby[ˈbeibi]=infant [ˈinfənt]=nursling [ˈnəːsliŋ]n.婴儿kid [kid]n.儿童teenager [ˈti:neidʒə]n.十三至十九岁的人young people [jʌŋ] [ˈpi:pl] n.年轻人adult [əˈdʌlt]n.成年人old people [əuld] [ˈpi:pl]=the aged[ ði:] [eidʒd]=elderly people [ˈeldəli] [ˈpi:pl]=senior citizens [ˈsi:niə] [ˈsitizənz]老年人mature [məˈtjuə]vt.使成熟majority [məˈdʒɒrɪtɪ]n.多数人minority [maɪˈnɒrɪtɪmɪ-]n.少数人conformity [kənˈfɔːmɪtɪ]n.从众individual [ˌindiˈvidʒuəl]n. 个体，个人self-reliance [‘self-ri’lains] n. 依靠自己，自立participate [pɑ:’tisipeit] v.参与behaviorism [bɪˈheɪvɪərɪz(ə)m]n.行为主义psychoanalysis [ˌsaikəuəˈnælisis]n.精神分析egocentric [ˌi:gəuˈsentrik]adj.自我中心的；利己主义的mental processes: [ˈmentl] [ˈprəuses]n.心理历程mental [ˈmentl]心理的founder [ˈfaundə]n.创始人Archimedes [ˌɑːkiˈmiːdiːz]n.阿基米德mental process[ˈmentl] [ˈprəuses]n.思维过程thought [θɔ:t]n.思想，想法cognition [kɔɡˈniʃən]n.认识cognitive capacity [ˈkɔgnitiv] [kəˈpæsiti]n.认知能力ideomotor action[ˌaidiəˈməutə] [ˈækʃən]n.意识，观念运动motivation [,məuti'veiʃən]n. 动机；积极性；推动intention [in’tenʃən] n.意图，目的intuitive [inˈtju:itiv]adj.直觉的hypotheses[haiˈpɔθisis]n.假定；臆测conscience[ˈkɔnʃəns]n.道德心，良心virtuous ['və:tʃuəs]adj. 善良的；有道德的curiosity [ˌkjuəriˈɔsiti]n.好奇心generous [ˈdʒenərəs]adj.慷慨的，大方identity [aiˈdentiti]n.身份；同一性fame [feim]n.名声，名望spiritual [ˈspɪrɪtjʊəl]心灵的soul [səul]n. 灵魂；心灵physical [ˈfɪzɪkəl]身体的，物质的，物理的behavior [bi'heivjə]n. 行为，举止；habit[ˈhæbit]n.习惯muscle [ˈmʌsəl]n.肌肉sign language[sain] [ˈlæŋgwidʒ]n.手语，符号语音throat [θrəut]n.喉咙，嗓子laryngeal [ læˈrindʒiəl]adj.喉部larynx [ˈlæriŋks]= voice box [vɔis] [bɔks]喉头subjective [səbˈdʒektiv]adj.主观的objective [ɔbˈdʒektiv]adj.客观的positive/negative electrode [ˈpɔzətiv]/ [ˈnegətiv] [ɪˈlektrəʊd]正/负电极maze [meiz]= labyrinth [ˈlæbərinθ]n.迷宫questionnaire [ˌkwestʃəˈneə]n.问卷subject [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt]n.受实验对象disadvantage [ˌdisədˈvɑ:ntidʒ]n.缺点obsession [əbˈseʃən]n.困扰deaf [def]adj. 聋的blind[blaind]adj.盲abnormal [æbˈnɔ:məl]adj.反常的distracted [diˈstrækt]adj.心烦意乱的child amnesia[tʃaild] [æmˈni:ziə] n儿童健忘症，记忆缺失语言学：linguistics [liŋˈgwistiks] .语言学Proto-Indo-European: [prəʊ.təʊ-] [ˈɪndəʊ] [juərəˈpi:ən] n.原始印欧语grammar [ˈgræmə]n.语法。
TPO听力按学科分类词汇
对话场景词汇：A：Office Hours 办公时间—Student & Professor 论文论文：thesis statement 论文述，中心句wander off topic [ˈwɔndə] [ɔ(:)f] [ˈtɔpik]v.跑题.look over a draft version 检查草拟版本catalog 目录draw up 得出结论疑难解答考试专业疑难解答：考试：re-take 重修选课与作业(见选课和注册办公室)：bird course 轻松的课transfer 转系转专业enquiry [ɪn'kwaɪri]询问advisor’s approval [ə'pruvl]导师许可rigorous ['rɪɡərəs] adj. 严格的eligible ['ɛlɪdʒəbl] adj.合格的迟到或缺课：miss somebody’s lecture 缺课fill me in something 给我补课疑难解答：bulletin board ['bulitin]公告板school bulletin 学校公告栏rushing against the clock 忙碌check back 回顾记录; 再联系申请申请与志愿：scholarship/fellowship n.奖学金选课选课(见选课作业和注册办公室)：preparatory course [priˈpærətəri] [kɔ:s]n.预备课程：B：Service Encounter 服务咨询-- Student & OfficerLibrary:图书馆reference room n.资料室the reference stacks [ˈrefərəns] [stæks]n.书库loan counter[ləun] [ˈkauntə] n.借书处loan period [ləun] [ˈpiəriəd] n.借书期限fine vt.罚款/n.罚金 charge =fee n.费用academics[ˌækəˈdemik]a.学术journal [ˈdʒə:nəl]n.期刊paperback n.平装本literature guide n.导读reference guide [ˈrefərəns] [gaid]n.参考指南published and unpublished data n.出版/未出版数据库precaution [prɪ'kɔʃən] n. 预防Bookstore：书店store credit [stɔ:] [ˈkredit] n.商店退款；赊账购物retreat[riˈtri:t]n.退书Cafeteria：食堂restaurant /dining room[ˈdaɪnɪŋ] [ru:m]n.餐厅deep fried food [di:p] [fraid] [fu:d]n.油炸食物Registrar’s Office：注册办公室注册(见选课和考试选课作业)：field work [fild wɚk] /research [riˈsə:tʃ]n.实地研究academic record n. 学业成绩financial aid 助学金faculty advisor：指导老师生活指导facilities manager：后勤经理auditorium [ˌɔ:diˈtɔ:riəm]n.礼堂，会堂Counseling Center：咨询中心银行和工资counselor [ˈkaunsələ]n. 咨询员paycheck ['peitʃek]n. 薪水payroll [ˈpeirəul]n.工资单；薪水册Career Services Office:就业服务办公室实习与打工：intern n. 实习生career /job fair n.招聘会advancement =promotion [prəˈməuʃən]n.晋升Campus Activities.校园活动校活动：off campus 校外commute [kə'mjʊt] v. 通勤flyers [ˈflaiəz]n.传单实用文档讲座学科词汇：讲座场景A-- Art 艺术Art 艺术美术：fine art[fain] [ɑ:t] n.美术academy [əˈkædəmi] n.学院；研究院studio[ˈstju:diəu] n.工作室；画室salon [səˈlɔn] n.沙龙，美术展览馆the Renaissance [ˌrɛnəˈzans] n.文艺复兴tribal art [ˈtraibəl][ɑ:t] n.部落艺术abstract art [ˈæbstrækt] [ɑ:t] n.抽象派avant-garde[,ævɔŋ'ɡɑ:d] n.前卫派realism [ˈriəlizəm] n 现实主义impressionism [ɪmˈpreʃənɪz(ə)m] n.印象主义impressionistic style[ɪm,preʃə'nɪstɪk]印象派风格Dadaism. [ˈdɑːdəizəm] n.达达派，达达主义neoclassical [ˈniːəuklæsikəl] adj.新古典主义的realistic [riəˈlistik] adj.现实主义的minimalist ['mɪnɪm(ə)lɪst]n.简单抽象派艺术家precursor[prɪ'kɜːsə]n.先驱figurehead ['fɪgəhed] 名誉领袖critic['krɪtɪk] n.批评家amateur [‘æmətə] n. 业余艺术家oil painting 油画water color 水彩画engraving [ɪn'greɪvɪŋ; en-] n.版画mural painting['mjʊər(ə)l] / fresco['freskəʊ]n.壁画cave art [keiv] [ɑ:t] n.洞穴壁画charcoal drawing ['tʃɑːkəʊl]木炭画sketch[sketʃ] n.速写/素描caricature ['kærɪkətjʊə; 'kærɪkətʃɔː] n.漫画animatorn.漫画家panorama [pænə'rɑːmə] n. 全景画sculpture [ˈskʌlptʃə]n.雕塑statue ['stætjuː; -tʃuː] n.塑像bust [bʌst] n.半身雕塑像sculptor n.雕塑家decoration [ˌdekəˈreiʃən]= adornment[əˈd ɔ:nmənt] n.装饰品stained glass [steɪnd `glæs ]n.彩色玻璃weaving[ˈwiː.vɪŋ] n.织动，编织mosaic [məuˈzei-ik] n.马赛克ceramics[siˈræmiks] n.制术，制业reproduction / replica [riːprə'dʌkʃ(ə)n]['replɪkə]复制品brushstroke [brʌʃ] [strəuk] n.一笔，绘画技巧texture [ˈtekstʃə] n.质地，纹理perspective [pə'spektɪv]透视画法brush[brʌʃ] n. 画笔drawing board 画板canvas [ˈkænvəs]n.画布，帆布indigo ['ɪndɪgəʊ] 靛蓝layer [‘leiə] n. 垫片，层 framing['freɪmɪŋ] n.装框paste [peɪst] v.裱糊scene [si:n] n.景色nature scene [ˈneitʃə] [si:n] n.场景，景色landscape [ˈlændskeip] n.风景posture [ˈpɔstʃə] n.姿势facial [ˈfeiʃəl] adj. 面部的，表面的gesture [‘dʒestʃə] n.造型printing press [ˈprintiŋ][pres] n.印刷机lightproof [‘laitpru:f] adj.不透光image [‘imidʒ] n. 影像prehistory [ˈpriːhistəri] n.史前 era [ˈiərə]n.时代；年代；纪元season [‘si:zən] n. 适合某种活动的季节,期间rank [ræŋk]v.分等级appeal [ə’pi:l] v.对……有吸引力make a name [meik] [ə] [ˈneim]v.出名，成名clergy [ˈklə:dʒi] n.神职人员；牧师；僧侣Christian Church: [ˈkristʃən] [tʃə:tʃ] n.基督教教会monastery [ˈmɔnəstri] n.修道院；僧侣prayer book [ˈpreə] [buk] n.祈祷书knight [nait]n. 骑兵，骑士戏剧电影摄影：drama [‘drɑ:mə] n.戏剧dramaturge [‘dræmə’tə:dʒ] n.剧作家tragedy [‘trædʒidi] n.悲剧puppet show [‘pʌpit-ʃəu] n.木偶剧script [skript] n.剧本early version [ˈə:li] [ˈvə:ʃən]n.早期版本theatrical text [θi’ætrikəl-tekst] n.戏剧文本producer [prə’dju:sə] n. 制片人film [film]n.=movie [ˈmu:vi] n.=motion picture [ˈməuʃən][ˈpiktʃə]n.电影production [prə’dʌkʃən] n.作品，成品，电影制片director [di’rektə] n.导演 documentarist[ˏd ɔkjʊˋmentərɪst] n.纪录片导演documentary [ˌdɔkjuˈmentəri]n.纪录片portray [pɔ:ˈtrei] vt.描绘，扮演cast [kɑ:st] v. 指定角色audition [ɔ:’diʃən] v. 在试演中评估某一人物performer [pə’fɔ:mə] n.表演者acrobat [‘ækrəbæt] n.杂技演员juggler [‘dʒʌɡlə] n. 玩杂耍的人mime [maim] n. 滑稽演员，哑剧演员，丑角clown [klaun] n. 小丑puppeteer [pʌpi’tiə] n. 演木偶戏的人pantomime [‘pæntəmaim] n.哑剧表演minstrel [‘minstrəl] n. 诗歌演唱者audience [ˈɔ:di əns]n.观众，听众，读者theater [ˈθiətə]n. =cinema [ˈsinimə] n.电影院scenery [‘si:nəri] n.舞台布景imitation [‘imi’teiʃən] n.道具costume [‘k ɔstju:m] n.装束makeup [‘meikʌp] n.化妆品characteristic [ˌkæriktəˈristik] n.特征，特质stereotype: [ˈsteriətaip] n.刻板印象，成见，定型行为hybrid[ˈhaibrid]n.混合；混血narration [nəˈreiʃən] n.叙事，讲述standard [ˈstændəd] n.标准framework [‘freimw ə:k] n.结构photography [fəˈtɔgrəfi] n.摄影film [film] n. 胶片expose [iks’pəuz] v. 曝光，暴露exposure [iks’pəuʒə] n.曝光sensitized paper [‘sensitaizd-'peipə] n. 感光纸emulsion [i’mʌlʃən] n. 感光乳剂high-tech [haɪˈtek] n.高科技 equipment[iˈkwipmənt] n.设备processing [prəu’sesiŋ] n.处理entertain [‘entə’tein] v.娱乐pioneer [ˌpaiəˈniə]n.先驱innovator [ˋɪnəʊveɪtə(r)] n.改革者inventor 发明家mechanic[mɪ'kænɪk] 机械工proprietor[prə'praɪətə] 业主 feminist ['fɛmənɪst] 女权主义者humanitarian [hjʊ,mænɪ'teərɪən] 人道主义者apprentice [ə'prentɪs]学徒disciple[dɪ'saɪp(ə)l]n.学徒crew [kru:] n.全体人员mortal ['mɔːt(ə)l] 犯人renowned[riˈnaund] adj. 著名的household adj.家庭的/家喻户晓的classic adj.经典的traditional [trəˈdiʃənəl]adj.传统的immortal[ɪ'mɔːt(ə)l] adj.不朽的/神unique adj.唯一的/独特的versatile ['vɜːsətaɪl] adj.（人）多才多艺的（物）多功能的innocent ['ɪnəs(ə)nt] adj.天真的/无罪的romantic adj.浪漫的odd adj.怪诞的/奇数的erratic [ɪ'rætɪk] adj.奇怪的eccentric [ɪk'sentrɪk; ek-] adj.古怪的weird adj.怪异的/不可思议的emotional adj.情绪的/情感的emotive adj.感人的sentimental[sentɪ'ment(ə)l] adj.感伤的/多愁善感的 cheerless adj.无精打采的/无生命力的clumsy['klʌmzɪ] adj.笨拙的rigid['rɪdʒɪd] adj.僵化的spare[speə] adj.简朴的zigzag ['zɪgzæg] adj.曲折的symbolic [sɪm'bɒlɪk] adj.象征性的contemplative[ˈkɔntempleitiv] adj.沉思的；冥想的sarcastic [sɑ:ˈkæstik, sɑr-] adj. 讽刺的authentic [ɔ:ˈθentik] adj.真正的，真实的；可信的accessible [əkˈsesəbəl] adj.易接近的；可进入的；可理解的daydream [ˈdeɪdriːm]n.白日梦nightmare [ˈnaitmeə] n.噩梦音乐：Musicfolk music 民间音乐hillbilly music ['hɪlbɪlɪ] 乡村音乐chamber music [ˈtʃeimbə] [ˈmju:zik] n.室音乐symphony [ˈsimfəni] n. 交响乐Broadway musical: [ˈbrɔ:dwei] [ˈmju:zikəl]n.百老汇音乐剧musician [mju(:)ˈziʃən] n.音乐家composer [kəmˈpəuzə]n.作曲家；作家critic [ˈkritik]n.评论家；批评者choir [ˈkwaiə] n. 合唱队chorus [ˈkɔ:rəs] =choir[ˈkwaiə]n.合唱队noten.音符step [step] n.音级scale [skeil] n.音阶tone [təun] n.音调pitch [pitʃ] n.音高volume [‘vɔlju:m] n.音量 register [‘redʒistə] n.音域 solo ['səʊləʊ]独奏/独唱 harmony n.和声chord[kɔːd] n.和弦melody [ˈmelədi] n. 旋律；歌曲 rhythm ['riðəm,'riθəm]n.节奏韵律rhythmic patterns ['riðmik - 'pætənz] n. 有节奏的模式notation [nəu’teiʃən] n.谱号(musical notation: 音乐记谱)score [skɔ:] n.乐谱composition [‘kɔmpə’ziʃən] n.乐曲movement n. 乐章lullaby['lʌləbaɪ]催眠曲sonata [sə'nɑːtə]奏鸣曲serenade[serə'neɪd] 小夜曲vocal music 声乐band music / wind music 管乐orchestra [ˈɔ:kistrə]n. 管弦乐队 conducting 指挥podium['pəʊdɪəm] 指挥台accompaniment [ə'kʌmp(ə)nɪm(ə)nt] n.伴奏musical instrument 乐器string instrument [striŋ] [ˈinstrumənt] n.弦乐器keyboard instrument 键盘乐器percussion instrument [pəˈkʌʃən] [ˈinstrumənt] n.打击乐器violin [ˌvaiəˈlin] n.小提琴；小提琴手viola [viˈəulə] n.中提琴，中提琴演奏者cello [ˈtʃeləʊ] n.大提琴fhorn 号；喇叭clarinet [klæriˈnet] n.单簧管；竖笛，黑管pound drum 击鼓formal [ˈfɔ:məl]adj.正式的improvisational [ˏɪmprəvaɪˋzeɪʃənəl]adj.即兴的fanatical [fə'nætikl] 狂热的建筑：Architecturearchitect [ˈɑ:kitekt] n.建筑师building technique 建筑工艺crafting n. 工艺；手工aesthetic [i:s’θetik] adj.美学的school [sku:l] n.学派guild [ɡild] n.协会design 设计design element 设计元素nterior design [in’tiəriə-di'zain] n.室设计construct [kən'strʌkt]n.结构compact structure [ˈkɔmpækt] [ˈstrʌktʃə] n.紧凑的结构component [kəm’pəunənt] n.零件，构件composing [kəm'pəuziŋ]n. 组成tension [‘tenʃən] n.绷紧状态cube [kjuːb] n.立方体facade [fə’sɑ:d] n.（建筑物的）外立面，尤指正面alignment [ə’lainmənt] n.直线排列parallel[‘pærəlel] adj.平行的fine [fain] adj.（区别）微小的；细微的flat [flæt] adj.扁平的immense [i’mens] adj.极大的molten [‘məultən] adj.熔化的；熔融的archives['a:kaivz]档案馆planetarium[,plænɪ'teərɪəm] 天文馆aquarium [ə'kweərɪəm]水族馆skyscraper [‘skai’skreipə] n.摩天大楼office building 写字楼cabin['kæbɪn]n. 小木屋cathedral[kə'θiːdr(ə)l] n.大教堂mosque[mɒsk] 清真寺castle ['kɑːs(ə)l] n.城堡Gothic [‘ɡɔθik] adj.哥特式的pyramid 金字塔the statue of liberty 自由女神像 the triumphal arch[ɑːtʃ]凯旋门celebrated [‘selibreitid] adj.著名的roof [ru:f] n.屋顶dome [dəum] n.穹顶arch [ɑ:tʃ] n.拱（连柱的） ceiling [‘si:liŋ] n.天花板marble slab ['mɑːbl-slæb] n.石板skeleton [‘skelitn] n.框架结构整体框架steel girder [sti:l][ˈgə:də] n.钢梁metal-frame 金属结构mat [mæt] n.垫子pedestal ['pedistəl] n. 基架，基座doorway [‘dɔ:wei] n.门口corridor [‘kɔridɔ:] n.走廊staircase [‘stɛəkeis] n.楼梯electric elevator [i’lektrik -‘eliveitə] n.电梯dwelling [‘dwelɪŋ] n.住处，居住空间fountain[‘fauntin] n.喷泉lamp [læmp] n.灯chimney [‘tʃimni] n.烟囱drainer [‘dreinə] n.下水道装置,滤水器sewer [sjuə] n.排水沟pipeline [‘paiplain] n.管道，输送管道canal [kə’næl] n.运河timber [‘timbə] n.木材splint [splint] n.薄木条lime [laim] n.石灰 plaster [‘plɑ:stə] n.石膏mortar [‘mɔ:tə] n.砂浆, 灰浆tile [tail] n.饰面砖，瓷砖fiber [‘faibə] n.纤维hemp [hemp] n.大麻纤维new material 新材料prototype['prəʊtətaɪp] n.原型 portrait [‘p ɔ:trit] n.肖像sphinx[sfɪŋks] n.狮身人面像sculpt [skʌlpt] v.雕刻pastel [pæs’tel] n.彩色蜡笔画 parchment [‘pɑ:t ʃmənt] n.羊皮纸decoration [ˌdekəˈreiʃən]= adornment[əˈd ɔ:nmənt] n.装饰品pour [pɔ:] v.浇注erect [i’rekt] v.竖立，建立hammer [‘hæmə] v.锤打imold [məuld] v.塑造cohere [kəu’hiə] v.粘合converge [kən’və:dʒ] v.聚合于，集中于一点span [spæn] v.（桥、拱等）横跨fabric weaving [‘fæbrik - 'wiːviŋ] n.纺织，编织城市规划：City Planninglayout [ˈleiaut]n.布局downtown [ˈdaunˈtaun]n.市中心suburb [ˈsʌbə:b] n.郊外country =rural area[ˈkʌntri]= [ˈruərəl] [ˈɛəriə]n.农村residential area[ˌreziˈdenʃəl] [ˈɛəriə]n. 住宅区local resident[ˈləukəl] [ˈrezidənt] n.当地居民dweller [ˈdwelə]n.居民inhabitant [inˈhæbitənt]n.居民sidewalk[ˈsaidwɔ:k]n.人行道pedestrian mall [piˈdestriən] [mɔ:l] n.步行街off-limits[ˌɒfˈlɪm.ɪts]n.禁区，禁止进入transportation hub [ˌtrænspə:ˈteiʃən] [h ʌb]n.中转港bus terminal [bʌs] [ˈtə:minəl]n.公车终点站facilitate [fə’siliteit] v.提供便利privately owned [‘praivitli-əund] adj.私有的publicly owned [‘pʌblikli:-əund] adj.公有的public utility [‘pʌblik-ju’tiliti] n.公用事业vehicle [‘vi:ikl] n.交通工具parking area/lot[ˈpɑːkiŋ] [ˈɛəriə]/ [lɔt]=car park [kɑ:] [pɑ:k]=stopping place [ˈstɔpiŋ] [pleis]n.停车场automobile [ˈɔ:təməubi:l]=car [kɑ:]=vehicle [ˈvi:ikəl]n. 汽车subway station [ˈsʌbwei] [ˈsteiʃən]=underground[ˌʌndəˈgraund]n.地铁文学：Literature create实用文档genre [ˈʒɔnrə]n.文体fairy tale[ˈfeə.ri.teɪl]n.童话；神话folk tale [fəulk] [teil]n.民间故事mythology [miˈθɔlədʒi] n.神话；神话学；神话集allegory [ˈæliɡəri] n.寓言legend [ˈledʒənd] n.传说novel [ˈnɔvəl]=fiction [ˈfikʃən]n.小说science fiction[ˈsaiəns] [ˈfikʃən]n.科幻小说prose n.= essay [ˈesei]n.散文descriptive prose [dɪ'skrɪptɪv] 描写性散文narrative prose ['nærətɪv] 叙述性散文poetry [ˈpəuitri]=poem [ˈpəuim]n.诗歌autobiography[ɔːtəbaɪ'ɒgrəfɪ] n. 人物传记character sketch [ˈkæriktə] [sketʃ]n.素描，人物速写”lyrics [ˈliriks]n.抒情诗ballad ['bæləd]民谣 proverb ['prɒvɜːb]谚语editorial [ˌediˈtɔ:riəl] n. 社论type [taip]n.类型 style [stail]n.风格 works[wə:ks]n.作品 author [ˈɔ:θə]n.作者story tellers [ˈstɔːriˌtelə] n.说故事的人satirist ['sætərɪst]讽刺作家biographer [baɪ'ɒɡrəfə] 自传作家imagist ['imidʒist] 意象派诗人troubadour [ˈtruːbəduə] n.行吟诗人literacy [ˈlitərəsi] n.读写能力；精通文学literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究comment [ˈkɔment]n.评论schools of literature 文学流派realism['rɪəlɪz(ə)m] 现实主义surrealism [sə'rɪəlɪz(ə)m] 超现实主义modernism ['mɒd(ə)nɪz(ə)m]现代主义aestheticism[iːs'θetɪsɪz(ə)m; es-]唯美主义character[ˈkæriktə]n. 人物,角色，性格leading character 主人公major/main character[ ˈ meid ʒə ]/ [mein][ ˈ kæriktə]=round character[raund] [ˈkæriktə]n.主角minor characters[ ˈmain ə] [ ˈkæriktə]=flat character[flæt] [ˈkæriktə] n.配角characters’personalities[ˈkæriktəs] [ˌpə:səˈnæliti]n.人物个性people’s trait [ˈpi:plz] [treit]n.人物特质model n.人物原型stereotype: [ˈsteriətaip] n.刻板印象，成见，定型行为background [ˈbækgraund]n.背景setting [ˈsetiŋ]n.场景 prelude ['preljuːd]序曲prologue ['prəʊlɒg]n.序言main plot [plɔt]n 主要情节obligatory scene[əˈbligəˌtəri] [si:n]n.必须的情节incident [ˈinsidənt]n.事件.ending[ˈendiŋ]= denouement [deiˈnu:mɑŋ] n.结局 quotation [kwəuˈteiʃən]n.引用语fortune[ˈfɔ:tʃənət]n.命运，运气servant [ˈsə:vənt]n.仆人master [ˈmɑ:stə]n.主人 royalty [ˈrɔiəlti]n.皇室 prince [ˈprins]n.王子princess [ˌprinˈses]n.公主knight[nait]n.骑兵，骑士chivalry [ˈʃivəlri] n.侠气，骑士精神clergy [ˈklə:dʒi] n.神职人员；牧师；僧侣religion [riˈlidʒən] n.；信仰Christian Church: [ˈkristʃən] [tʃə:tʃ] n.基督教教会museum [mju(:)ˈziəm]n.博物馆entertainment[ˌentəˈteinm ənt]=recreation [ ˌrekri ˈeiʃən]=amusement [əˈmju:zmənt]n.娱乐formula [ˈfɔ:mjulə]n.准则，公式universal truth [ˌju:niˈvə:səl] [tru:θ]n.真理the inciting [ðə][inˈsait iŋ]n.刺激logical [ˈlɔdʒikəl]adj.合乎逻辑的appreciate [əˈpri:ʃieit]vt.欣赏戏剧（见艺术电影摄影）：drama[ˈdrɑ:mə]=theater [ˈθiətə]=play [plei]n.戏剧opera [ˈɔpərə]n.歌剧well-made play[wel] [meid] [plei]n.佳构剧 comedy [ˈkɔmidi]n.喜剧portray[pɔ:ˈtrei]vt.描绘舞蹈：Danceballet[bæˈleɪ]n.芭蕾舞 toeshoe [ˋtəʊʃuː] n.芭蕾舞鞋choreography [ˌkɔriˈɔgrəfi]n.编舞choreographer[,kɔri'ɔɡrəfə] 舞蹈编排家讲座场景B-- Social Science 社会科学考古：ArchaeologyStone Age 石器时代Paleolithic [,pælɪəʊ'lɪθɪk]旧石器时代的the Paleolithic period/age [ðə] [ˌpæliəuˈliθik] [ˈpiəriəd]/ [eidʒ]= the Old/late Stone Age [ðə] [əuld]/ [leit] [stəun][eidʒ]n.旧石器时代Mesolithic [ˌmɛsəʊˈlɪθɪk]中石器时代的Neolithic [ˌniːəʊˈlɪθɪk]新石器时代的the Neolithic period/age [ðə] [ˌni:əuˈli θik] [ˈpiəriəd]/[eidʒ]=New stone age [nju:] [stəun] [eidʒ]n.新石器时代Bronze Age [brɒnz]（青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代primitive [ˈprimitiv]n.原始人，adj 原始的ancestor [ˈænsɛstə]祖先cave man 山顶洞人nomad [ˈnəumæd]n.游牧民clan [klæn]氏族tribe [traɪb]部落alliance [əˈlaiəns]=federation [ˌfedəˈreiʃən]n.联盟homogeneous [ˌhəʊməˈdʒiːnɪəs ˌhɒm-]同一种族（种类）的archeologist [,ɑ:ki'ɔlədʒist]考古学家antiquity [ænˈtɪkwɪtɪ]古代，古老ancient civilization [,sɪvələ'zeʃən]古代文明grave= tomb [greiv]= [tu:m]n.坟墓ruins [ˈruːɪn]遗迹，废墟 remains [rɪ'meɪnz]遗产/遗骸 skull [skʌl]颅骨cranial ['kreɪnɪəl]颅骨的historicalrelic [hisˈtɔrikəl] [ˈrelik]n.遗迹cultural relics ['rɛliks]文物relic [ˈrɛlɪk]遗物，文物antique [æn'tiːk]古物/古董artifact [ˈɑːtɪˌfækt]手工艺品utensil [ju:ˈtensəl]n.餐具，炊具cooking container [ˈkukiŋ] [kənˈteinə]n.容器canoe [kəˈnu:]独木舟obsidian [ɔbˈsidiən]n.黑曜石covert ['kʌvət]n. 隐藏处shelter [ˈʃeltə] n.庇护所religion [riˈlidʒən]n.ritual [‘ritʃuəl] n.（）仪式originate [əˈrɪdʒɪˌneɪt]起源于inhabit [inˈhæbit]vt.居住于bury[ˈberi]v.埋葬excavate / unearth v.挖掘 excavation [ˌekskəˈvei ʃən]n.挖掘历史：Historyera [ˈiərə]n.时代；年代；纪元 prehistory [ˈpriːhistəri] n.史前ancient Rome/Greek [ˈeinʃənt] [rəum]/ [gri:k]n. 古罗马/希腊medieval [,medi'i:vəl,]adj. 中世纪Europe [ˈjuərəp] n.欧洲Britain [ˈbritən]n.英国Italy [ˈitəli] n. 意大利Rome(Roma) [rəum] n. 罗马Greek[gri:k] n. 希腊Egypt [ˈi:dʒipt] n.埃及France [ˈfræns] n.法国 Germany [ˈdʒə:məni] n.德国 Spain [spein] n.西班牙Turkey[ˈtə:ki] n.土耳其（Turkish）Netherlands[ˈneðələndz] =Holland [ˈh ɔlənd] n. 荷兰（Dutch 荷兰人）Canada [ˈkænədə] n.加拿大（Canadian [kəˈneidi ən] n. 加拿大人）Mount Rushmore 拉什莫尔山（位于美国南达科他州）总统山；人类学：Anthropologyanthropologist [ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst]人类学家paleoanthropologist [ˌpælɪəʊˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪ]古人类学家ecological anthropologist [ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl]生态人类学家实用文档psychological anthropologist [ˌsaɪkəˈlɒd ʒɪkəl]心理人类学家Native American [ˈneitiv] [əˈmerikən]n. 美洲原住民，印第安人patriarchal [,peitri'ɑ:kəl] adj.家长的/族长的哲学：Philosophyphilosophy [fi'lɔsəfi,fə-]n. 哲学；哲理；人生观Aristotle’s ethical theory [ˈæristɔtlz][ˈeθikəl] [ˈθiəri]n.伦理学Ancient Greek philosopher [ˈein ʃənt][gri:k] [fiˈl ɔsəfə]n.古希腊哲学家Socrates[ˈsɔkrəti:z]格拉底；Plato [ˈpleitəu]柏拉图；Aristotle [ˈæristɔtl]亚里士多德ideology [ˌaɪdɪˈɒlədʒɪ]意识形态intellect ['intəlekt]n. 智力，理解力；知识分子；思维逻辑领悟力；智力高的happiness [ˈhæpinis]n.幸福fame [feim]n. 名声，名望external [ik'stə:nəl]adj. 外部的；表面的optimism ['ɔptimizəm] n. 乐观；乐观主义心理学：Psychologybaby[ˈbeibi]=infant [ˈinfənt]=nursling [ˈn əːsliŋ]n.婴儿kid [kid]n.儿童teenager [ˈti:neidʒə]n.十三至十九岁的人young people [jʌŋ] [ˈpi:pl] n.年轻人adult [əˈdʌlt]n.成年人old people [əuld] [ˈpi:pl]=the aged[ ði:] [eidʒd]=elderly people [ˈeldəli] [ˈpi:pl] =senior citizens [ˈsi:niə] [ˈsitizənz]老年人 mature [məˈtjuə]vt.使成熟majority [məˈdʒɒrɪtɪ]n.多数人 minority [ma ɪˈnɒrɪtɪmɪ-]n.少数人 conformity [kənˈfɔːmɪtɪ]n.从众individual [ˌindiˈvidʒuəl]n. 个体，个人self-reliance [‘self-ri’lains] n. 依靠自己，自立participate [pɑ:’tisipeit] v.参与behaviorism [bɪˈheɪvɪərɪz(ə)m]n.行为主义psychoanalysis [ˌsaikəuəˈnælisis]n.精神分析egocentric [ˌi:gəuˈsentrik]adj.自我中心的；利己主义的mental processes: [ˈmentl] [ˈprəuses]n.心理历程mental [ˈmentl]心理的founder [ˈfaundə]n.创始人Archimedes [ˌɑːkiˈmiːdiːz]n.阿基米德mental process[ˈmentl] [ˈprəuses]n.思维过程thought [θɔ:t]n.思想，想法cognition [kɔɡˈniʃən]n.认识cognitive capacity [ˈkɔgnitiv] [kəˈpæsiti]n.认知能力 ideomotor action[ˌaidiəˈm əutə] [ˈækʃən]n.意识，观念运动motivation [,məuti'veiʃən]n. 动机；积极性；推动intention [in’tenʃən] n.意图，目的intuitive [inˈtju:itiv]adj.直觉的hypotheses[hai ˈpɔθisis]n.假定；臆测conscience[ˈkɔnʃəns]n.道德心，良心virtuous ['və:tʃuəs]adj. 善良的；有道德的curiosity [ˌkjuəriˈɔsiti]n.好奇心实用文档generous [ˈdʒenərəs]adj.慷慨的，大方identity [aiˈdentiti]n.身份；同一性fame [feim]n.名声，名望spiritual [ˈspɪrɪtjʊəl]心灵的soul [səul]n. 灵魂；心灵physical [ˈfɪzɪkəl]身体的，物质的，物理的behavior [bi'heivjə]n. 行为，举止；habit[ˈhæbit]n.习惯muscle [ˈmʌsəl]n.肌肉sign language[sain] [ˈlæŋgwidʒ]n.手语，符号语音throat [θrəut]n.喉咙，嗓子laryngeal [ læˈrindʒiəl]adj.喉部larynx [ˈlæriŋks]= voice box [vɔis] [bɔks]喉头subjective [səbˈdʒektiv]adj.主观的 objective [ɔbˈdʒektiv]adj.客观的positive/negative electrode [ˈpɔzətiv]/[ˈnegətiv] [ɪˈlektrəʊd]正/负电极maze [meiz]= labyrinth [ˈlæbərinθ]n.迷宫questionnaire [ˌkwestʃəˈneə]n.问卷subject [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt]n.受实验对象disadvantage [ˌdisədˈvɑ:ntidʒ]n.缺点obsession [əbˈseʃən]n.困扰deaf [def]adj. 聋的blind[blaind]adj.盲abnormal [æbˈnɔ:məl]adj.反常的distracted [diˈstrækt]adj.心烦意乱的child amnesia[tʃaild] [æmˈni:ziə] n 儿童健忘症，记忆缺失语言学：linguistics [liŋˈgwistiks] .语言学Proto-Indo-European: [prəʊ.təʊ-] [ˈɪndəʊ][juərəˈpi:ən] n.原始印欧语grammar [ˈgræmə]n.语法实用文档verb[və:b]v.动词noun [naun]n.名词adjective [ˈædʒiktiv]n.形容词经济学 Economics 商业 Businessmerchant[ˈmə:tʃənt]n.商人adman [ˈædmæn]n.广告人bidder [ˈbidə]n.投标者client [ˈklaiənt]n.客户potential customer [pəˈtenʃəl] [ˈkʌstəm ə]n.潜在客户skilled labor [skild][ˈleibə]n.熟练工人business owner=employer [ˈbiznis] [ˈəunə] = [imˈplɔiə]老板business conference [ˈbiznis] [ˈkɔnfərəns] =seminar[ˈseminɑ:]n.会议industrial revolution [inˈdʌstriəl] [ˌrevəˈlu:ʃən]n.工业革命，产业革命industry [ˈindəstri]n.产业，工业 infrastructure[ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə]n.基础设施industry cluster: [ˈindəstri] [ˈklʌstə]n.产业集群alliance [əˈlaiəns]=federation [ˌfedəˈreiʃən]n.联盟collaborate [kəˈlæbəreit]vi.合作；协作 urbanization [ˌəːbənaiˈzeiʃən]n.都市化prosper[ˈprɔspə]vi.繁荣flourish ['flauriʃ]n. 兴旺；茂盛affluence['æflʊəns]n.富裕，富足poverty [ˈpɔvəti]n.贫困boom and bust [bu:m] [ænd] [bʌst] 繁荣与萧条collapse[kəˈlæps]n./vt.崩溃out of business 歇业，破产outofwork [aut] [əv, ə, ɔv] [wə:k]n.失业Great Depression [greit] [diˈpreʃən]n.大萧条dotcom crash [ðə][dɒtˈkɒm] [kræʃ]n.互联网泡沫tulip mania[ˈtju:lip] [ˈmeiniə]n.狂热irrational [iˈræʃənəl]adj.不理性的sophisticated [sə'fɪstɪkeɪtɪd]adj.世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的speculation [ˌspekjuˈleiʃən]n.投机conflict [kən'flikt,'kɔnflikt]n.冲突variation[ˌveəriˈeiʃən]n.变种panic [ˈpænik]n.恐慌consumerism[kən'sjuːmərɪz(ə)m]n.消费主义 gardening=horticulture [ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ]= [ˈhɔ:tiˌkʌltʃə]n.园艺remote mountainous region[riˈməut] [ˈmauntinəs] [ˈri:dʒən]n.偏远山区brand=trademark [brænd]= [ˈtreidmɑ:k]n.品牌，商标product[ˈprɔdʌkt]n.产品commodity [kəˈmɔditi]n.商品luxury[ˈlʌkʃəri]n.奢侈品specimen [ˈspesəmən]n.样本service[ˈsə:vis]n.服务实用文档statistics [stə’tistiks] n.统计学native to [ˈneitiv] [tu]原产至hail from[heil] [frɔm]来自于，出产于retail[ˈri:teil, riˈteil]n.v.零售promissory note [ˈprɔmisəri][nəut]n.本票revenue [ˈrevinju:]=income [ˈinkʌm]n.收入disposable income [di'spəuzəbl] [ˈinkʌm] -money [ˈmʌni]n.可支配收入per capita [pəˈkæpɪtə]人均 subsistencelevel 收支平衡的生活水平subsistence [səb'sɪst(ə)ns]n.存活，生活 annualbudget [ˈænjuəl] [ˈbʌdʒit]n.年度预算borrowing[ˈbɔrəuiŋ]n.借款bank loan [bæŋk] [ləʊn]银行贷款 interest['intrist, 'intər-]利息check [tʃek]支票；收据；账单cost [kɔst]n.成本rent [rent] n.租金 tax [tæks]n.税金 profit [ˈprɔfit]n.利润withdraw [wɪð'drɔː]从银行账户中提款annual budget [ˈænjuəl] [ˈbʌdʒit]n.年度预算tax incentive [tæks] [inˈsentiv]n.税收优惠federal subsidy[ˈfedərəl] [ˈs ʌbsidi]=financial assistance[fəˈnænʃəl] [əˈsistəns]n.财政资助//补贴foundation [faunˈdeiʃən]=fund [fʌnd]n.基金会the National Endowment for the Artsfoundation[ðə][ˈnæʃən(ə)l] [inˈdaumənt] [fə] [ðə] [ɑːts]n.美国艺术基金会gold [gəuld]n.金子（区：goal 目标）monetary[ˈmʌnitəri]adj.货币的，财政的commercial [kəˈmə:ʃəl]adj.商业的；营利的guarantee [ˌgærənˈti:]v.担保mortgage [ˈmɔ:gidʒ]n./vt.抵押auction [ˈɔ:kʃən]n./vt.拍卖patron [ˈpeitrən]=sponsor [ˈspɔnsə]n.赞助人patronage [ˈpætrənɪdʒ]n.资助，赞助mass communications [mæs] [kəˌmju:niˈkeiʃənz]大众传播工具media [ˈmi:diə]=communication[kəˌmju:niˈkeiʃən]n.媒体advertisement [ədˈvə:tismənt]n.广告advertising plan [ˈædvətaiziŋ] [plæn]n.广告策划billboard [ˈbilbɔːd]n.公告牌slogan [ˈsləugən]n.标语；呐喊声target age group [ˈtɑ:git] [eidʒ] [gru:p]n.目标年龄群market research/survey [ˈmɑ:kit] [riˈsə:tʃ]/ [ˈsə:vei]市场调查社会学：Sociologymeme[mi:m]n.文化基因longevity [lɔnˈdʒeviti]n.寿命fecundity[fiˋkʌndətɪ]n.繁殖力，复制能力fidelity [fiˈdeliti]n.保真度，精准accuracy ['ækjurəsi]n. [数] 精确度，准确性calendar ['kælində]n. 日历；[天] 历法；Jupiter ['dʒu:pitə]n. [天] 木星；朱庇特（罗马神话中的宙斯神）monumental [,mɔnju'mentəl]adj. 不朽的；纪念碑的；非常的enormous [i'nɔ:məs]adj. 庞大的，巨大的；凶暴的，极恶的政治类：PoliticsAmerican Revolution 美国革命/独立战争 Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国战the Second World War 第二次世界大战military [ˈmɪlɪtərɪ-trɪ]adj.军事的warrior ['wɔriə,'wɔ:-]n. 战士fifty states 55 个州federal system [ˈfɛdərəl]联邦制Congress [ˈkɒŋgrɛs]美国国会Senate [ˈsɛnɪt]参议院Democrats [ˈdɛməˌkræt]党Republicans [rɪˈpʌblɪkən]党election [ɪˈlɛkʃən]选举vote [vəʊt]投票veto [ˈviːtəʊ]否决council[ˈkaunsəl]n.委员会legislation [ˌlɛdʒɪsˈleɪʃən]立法constitution [ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən]宪法 justice ['dʒʌstis]n. 司法，法律制裁diplomat[ˈdipləmæt]n.外交官bureaucracy [bju ˈrɔkrəsi]n.官僚主义 anarchism [ˈænəˌkɪzəm]n.无政府主义centralized ['sentrəlaizd]adj.中央集权的radical [ˈrædɪkəl]adj.激进的,根本的patriotic[,pætri'ɔtik]adj. 爱国的inspire [in'spaiə]vt. 激发；鼓舞；release [r ɪˈliːs]v.释放colonize [ˈkɒləˌnaɪz]v.拓殖，殖民immigrant [ˈɪmɪgrənt]n.移民social status [‘səuʃəl-’steitəs] n.社会地位讲座场景 C—Life Science 生命科学动物学：biology[baɪ'ɑlədʒi]生物学speciology [ˌspi:ʃi'ɔlədʒi]n. 物种学 zoology [zəuˈɔlədʒi]n.动物学microbiology[,maɪkrobaɪ'ɑlədʒi]微生物学marine biology 海洋生物学entomology [ˌentəˈmɔlədʒi]n. 昆虫学ornithology[,ɔrnɪ'θɑlədʒi] n.鸟类学cell biology [sel-bai’ɔlədʒi] n.细胞生物学biochemist [‘baiəu’kemist] n.生物化学家paleontologist [‘peiliɔn’tɔlədʒist] n.古生物学者creature [ˈkri:tʃə] n.生物organism[ˈɔ:gənizəm]n.有机物，微生物microbe['maɪkrob]微生物plankton['plæŋktən]浮游生物invertebrate [in’və:tibrət] n.无脊椎动物vertebrate[ˈvə:t əbrɪt, -ˌbret]脊椎动物amphibian [æmˈfibiən]n.两栖动物reptile [ˈreptail]n.爬行动物herbivore ['hə:biˌvɔ:]n. 食草动物herbivorous: [hə:ˈbivərəs]a.食草的，草食的carnivore['kɑrnɪvɔr]食肉动物omnivorous [amˈnivərəs]a.杂食的 ruminant [ˈru:minənt]n.反刍动物mollusk [‘mɔləsk] n.软体动物land creature [lænd] [ˈkri:tʃə]陆地生物cold [kəuld] blood animal [blʌd] [ˈæniməl]n.冷血动物warm[wɔ:m] blood animal [blʌd] [ˈæniməl]n.热血动物mammal ['mæməl]n. [脊椎] 哺乳动物primates [ˈpraɪmɪts]灵长目动物endangered species 濒危动物species[ˈspi:ʃi:z]n.物种breed[bri:d]n.品种monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polyandrous[,pɑlɪ'ændrəs]一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的polygamous[pə'lɪgəməs]一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的community [kəˈmjunɪti]动物的群落或人的部落flock[flɑk]（牛、羊等）群herd [hɝd]兽群hordes/swarms [hɔrd]/[swɔrm]（昆虫等）群生理生化：respiratory system [ris’paiərətəri-'sistəm] n.呼吸系统digestive system 消化系统nerve system [nə:v] n.神经系统circulatory ['sɝkjələtɔri]system 循环系统 hormonal[hɔr'monl] system 分泌系统reproductive system 生殖系统、urinary system 泌尿系统immune system [iˈmju:n] [ˈsistəm]n.免疫系统motor system n.运动系统实用文档breed [brid] (名词)品种，（动词）繁殖 multiply / reproduce['mʌltɪplaɪ]/[,riprə'dus]繁殖offspring [ˈɔfˌspriŋ]n.后代crossbreed ['krɔ:sbri:d] v.（使）杂交sperm[spə:m]n. 精子spawn[spɔn]（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵fertilizer [ˈfɚtlˌaɪz ɚ]使…受精 n.肥料unfertilized egg[ʌn'fɜːtɪlaɪzd]未受精卵fertilized egg [‘fə:tilaizd-eg] n.受精卵pregnant [ˈpregnənt]a. 怀孕的embryo [‘embriəu] n.胚胎hatchling ['hætʃliŋ]n. 刚孵化的幼体incubation[,ɪŋkju'beʃən]孵化fledglings[ˈfledʒliŋ]n.雏鸟cell [sel] n. 细胞.蜂房cytoplasm [‘saitəplæzəm] n.细胞质cell membrane [sel-'mem’brein] n.细胞膜cellwall [sel-wɔːl] n.细胞壁nucleus [‘nju:kliəs] n.细胞核organelle [ɔ:ɡə’nel] n.细胞器skin cells [skin] [selz]n.皮肤细胞nerve cells [nə:v] [selz]n.神经细胞 unicellular [‘ju:ni’seljulə] adj.单细胞的 multicellular [‘mʌlti’seljulə] adj.多细胞的renewing [ri'nju:iŋ]n.更新metabolism [məˈtæbəlizəm]n.新代hormone[ˈhɔ:məun]n.激素，荷尔蒙insulin [‘insjulin] n.胰岛素secretion [siˈkri:ʃən]n.分泌，分泌物anatomy [ə’nætəmi] n.人体解剖organ [ˈɔ:gən]n. 器官vestige [ˈvɛstɪdʒ]n.退化器官liver [‘livə] n.肝脏lung [lʌŋ] n.肺kidney [‘kidni] n.肾stomach['stʌmək]n.胃 pancreas['pæŋkrɪəs]n.胰tissue [ˈtiʃu:, -sju:]n.组织vessel [‘vesəl] n.血管 tendon [‘tendən] n.腱 membrane[‘membrein] n.膜gland [ɡlænd] n.腺digestive gland[ɡlænd]消化腺digestive enzyme 消化酶tentacle [‘tentəkl] n. 触角，触须jaw [dʒɔ:] n.颌, 颚tongue [tʌŋ] n.舌头valve [vælv] n.瓣膜skeletal ['skelitəl]adj. 骨骼的vertebra [‘və:tibrə] n. 脊椎骨= spinal ['spaɪnl]cord 脊椎rib [rib] n.肋骨fingerprint ['fiŋgəˌprint]n.指纹nail [neil] n.指甲division [di’viʒən] n.部分beak [bi:k] n.喙，（鹰等的）嘴 bill [bɪl]（鸟）嘴tooth [tu:θ] -teeth[ti:θ]n.牙齿toothless [ˈtuθlɪs] adj. 无齿的compound eye [kəmˈpaund] [ai]n.复眼fin [fin] n.鱼鳍scale [skeil] n.鱼鳞forelimb [‘fɔ:lim] n.前肢limb [lim]n. 肢，臂；分支 wing [wiŋ]n.翅膀feather [ˈfeðə] n. 羽毛tail [teil] n.尾卫生与疾病：hygiene['haɪdʒin]卫生hygienic [hai’dʒi:nik] adj.卫生学的（hygiene [‘haidʒi:n] 卫生学）sanitation[,sænɪ'teʃən]公共卫生；卫生设施disease [di’zi:z] n.疾病diagnose [‘daiəɡnəuz] v.诊断drug [drʌɡ] n.药物medicine [‘medisin] n.医学，药dental clinic 牙医诊所surgeon ['sɜːdʒ(ə)n] n.外科医生virus [‘vaiərəs] n.病毒fungi [‘fʌndʒai] n.真菌类yeast[jist]酵母（菌） parasite ['pærəsa ɪt]寄生虫parasitic [ˌpærəˈsitik]a. 寄生的，寄生虫的inflection 传染 / 感染paralysis [pə’rælisis] n.麻痹, 瘫痪 cardiac [‘kɑ:diæk] adj.心脏(病)的antibiotic [ˌæntibaiˈɔtik]n.抗生素antibody [‘ænti’bɔdi] n.抗体 vaccine [‘væksi:n] n.疫苗fungicide [‘fʌndʒisaid] n.杀真菌剂营养学：nutrient [‘nju:triənt] n. 营养物质calorie [ˈkæləri]卡路里（热量单位）protein [‘prəuti:n] n.蛋白质starch 淀粉glucose [‘ɡlu:kəus] n.葡萄糖carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）vitamin [ˈvitəmin, vai-]n.维生素，维他命malnutrition [ˌmælnjuˈtriʃən]n.营养不良，营养不足decaffeinated [di:'kæfineitid]adj. 不含咖啡因toxic [‘tɔksik] adj.有毒的toxin 毒素植物学：botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的 botanist [‘bɔtənist] n.植物学家herb [hə:b]n.草本植物parasite plant['ɔrɡən] 寄生植物aquatic['ænjuəl] plant 水生植物horticulture [ˈhɔrtɪˌkʌltʃɚ]园艺学system 系统forest [‘fɔrist] n.森林jungle [ˈdʒʌŋgəl]n.热带丛林tropical rain forest [‘trɔpikl-rein-’fɔrist] n.热带雨林 Tropical savanna forest [‘trɔpikl-s ə’vænə-’fɔrist]n.热带稀树草原deciduous forest [di’sidʒuəs-’fɔrist] n.落叶林Deciduous monsoon forest [di’sidʒuəs-mɔn’su:n-’fɔrist]n.落叶季雨林Temperate rain forest [‘tempərit-rein-’fɔrist]n.温带雨林Temperate evergreen forest [‘tempərit-’evəɡ ri:n-’f ɔrist]n.温带绿叶林subarctic [‘sʌb’ɑ:ktik] adj.亚寒带flowering tree [ˈflauəri:iŋ] [tri:]n.会开花的树 lumber [‘lʌmbə] n.木材lawn [lɔn]草坪grassland [‘ɡrɑ:slænd] n.草原meadow[ˈmedəu]n.草地；牧场 prairie [ˈpreəri]n.大草原；牧场 ranch [rɑ:ntʃ]n.大农场；大牧场shrub [ʃrʌb] =bush[brʌʃ] 灌木丛cluster[ˈklʌstəz]n.串，簇；群，组 vi.群集，丛生marsh[mɑ:ʃ]n.沼泽；湿地beach[bi:tʃ]n.海滩alpine region [‘ælpain-’ri:dʒən] n.高山区blossom[[ˈblɑ:səm]花群、开花root [ru:t]n. 根stem [stem] n.茎stalk[stɔk]杆petal [‘petl] n.花瓣。
TPO听力按学科分类词汇
对话场景词汇：A：Office Hours 办公时间—Student & Professor 论文论文：thesis statement 论文陈述，中心句wander off topic [ˈwɔndə] [ɔ(:)f] [ˈtɔpik]v.跑题.look over a draft version 检查草拟版本catalog 目录draw up 得出结论疑难解答考试专业疑难解答：考试：re-take 重修选课与作业(见选课和注册办公室)：bird course 轻松的课transfer 转系转专业enquiry [ɪn'kwaɪri]询问advisor’s approval [ə'pruvl]导师许可rigorous ['rɪɡərəs] adj. 严格的eligible ['ɛlɪdʒəbl] adj.合格的迟到或缺课：miss somebody’s lecture 缺课fill me in something 给我补课疑难解答：bulletin board ['bulitin]公告板school bulletin 学校公告栏rushing against the clock 忙碌check back 回顾记录; 再联系申请申请与志愿：scholarship/fellowship n.奖学金选课选课(见选课作业和注册办公室)：preparatory course [priˈpærətəri] [kɔ:s]n.预备课程：B：Service Encounter 服务咨询-- Student & Officer Library:图书馆reference room n.资料室the reference stacks [ˈrefərəns] [stæks]n.书库loan counter[ləun] [ˈkauntə] n.借书处loan period [ləun] [ˈpiəriəd] n.借书期限fine vt.罚款/n.罚金 charge =fee n.费用academics[ˌækəˈdemik]a.学术journal [ˈdʒə:nəl]n.期刊paperback n.平装本literature guide n.导读reference guide [ˈrefərəns] [gaid]n.参考指南published and unpublished data n.出版/未出版数据库precaution [prɪ'kɔʃən] n. 预防Bookstore：书店store credit [stɔ:] [ˈkredit] n.商店退款；赊账购物retreat[riˈtri:t]n.退书Cafeteria：食堂restaurant /dining room[ˈdaɪnɪŋ] [ru:m]n.餐厅deep fried food [di:p] [fraid] [fu:d]n.油炸食物Registrar’s Office：注册办公室注册(见选课和考试选课作业)：field work [fild wɚk] /research [riˈsə:tʃ]n.实地研究academic record n. 学业成绩financial aid 助学金faculty advisor：指导老师生活指导facilities manager：后勤经理auditorium [ˌɔ:diˈtɔ:riəm]n.礼堂，会堂Counseling Center：咨询中心银行和工资counselor [ˈkaunsələ]n. 咨询员paycheck ['peitʃek]n. 薪水payroll [ˈpeirəul]n.工资单；薪水册Career Services Office:就业服务办公室实习与打工：intern n. 实习生career /job fair n.招聘会advancement =promotion [prəˈməuʃən]n.晋升Campus Activities.校园活动校内活动：off campus 校外commute [kə'mjʊt] v. 通勤flyers [ˈflaiəz]n.传单3 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版)精品文档。
托福听力场景学科分类词汇大全
托福听力场景学科分类词汇大全新托福IBT听力场景词汇对话场景选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业、论文assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程Hypothesis Alternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaireExperimentInterfere, influenceObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship FellowshipTeaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service入学enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓:university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hallcomputer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂住宿宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personal possessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入【小站托福TPO】iPad版•Practice模式下，可以逐题突破，对照注解、原文及翻译；长按原文单词，可以开启字典查词功能，也可加入生词本，每日反复背诵加强；Test模式下，可高度模拟真实考试，为考试做好充分准备。
tpo 听力 学科分类及部分单词总结(含词根)
Conversation课程学业：1.课程与作业：1-2，5-2，6-2，8-2，9-1，10-1，12-1，15-2，16-2，17-1，19-1，22-2，25-1，26-1，27-1，27-2，28-1，29-1，30-1，30-2，32-1，33-1，33-2，34-22.选课与换课：14-2，21-2，23-2，24-2，28-23.研究项目：2-1，4-2，13-1，20-2校园生活：1.图书馆与书店：1-1，4-1，7-2，9-2，10-2，13-2，14-1，20-1，24-1，26-2，31-2，34-12.校内工作：3-2，7-1，11-2，12-2，15-1，17-2，18-1，18-2，25-23.住宿与餐饮：19-2，32-24.问询：3-1，5-1，8-1，21-1，31-15.社团与活动：2-2，6-1，11-1，16-1，22-1，23-1，29-2TPO lecture 学科背景分类（1-34）1.Physical Science（38）Astronomy2-4（Bode’s Law）3-4（Spectroscopy）5-2（Moon Landing）13-4（Meteorites）14-3（Seafarers and Stars）18-1（Sunspots）21-1（Geocentric Theory）22-2（Faint Young Sun Paradox）24-4（Shield V olcano on Venus）26-3（Comets）29-4（Carbon Nanotubes）30-3（Jarosite）Ecology & Environmental Science 9-2（Shrubs in Tundra）10-3（Phosphorus Cycle）11-3（Landscape & Climate）12-4（Solar Energy）13-2（Interrelationships）17-2（Milankovitsh Hypothesis）20-2（Interglacial Periods）23-2（Earth Radiation Budgets）29-1（Pedodiversity Plant）32-2（Relationships among Species）33-2（Colorado’s Water）34-2（ASP Digestion）Geology1-2（Uranium-Lead Dating）4-2（Moving Rocks）7-4（Glacial Movement）9-3（Desert Lakes）15-2（Geologic Time Periods）16-1（Lechuguilla Cave）30-2（Oviraptor）31-2（Plate Drift）32-3（The Copper Basin）Chemistry5-3（Spectroscopy）8-4（The Periodic Table of Elements）Computer Science21-2（Software Development）2.Social ScienceArcheology1-3（Catalhoyuk）14-4（Passage Graves）23-1（Antikythera Mechanism）24-3（Megafauna）28-4（Gonur-depe）29-3（Clovis People & Caches）32-1（Ancient Bananas）33-1（The Great Pyramid）History8-3（Vision Correction）10-2（American Food Crops）17-3（Ancient Egyptian Calendar）18-3（Spices）25-3（Egyptian Hieroglyphs）Economics & Business6-1（Boom and Bust）11-4（Advertising）12-2（Managing by Wandering Around）26-1（Green Marketing）34-4（The Life of Innovation）Psychology2-1（Behaviorism）10-4（Childhood Amnesia）14-1（Cognition）15-1（Distraction）30-1（Metacognition）Anthropology7-3（Iroquois People & Birch Tree）22-1（State Formation）31-4（The Botai Culture）Linguistics19-1（Family Tree Model）20-1（Gricean Maxims）Philosophy2-3（Aristotle）28-1（Foundationalism）Sociology5-1（Meme）3.Life ScienceAnimal7-2（Bat’s Use of Ultrasound）10-1（Whales）14-2（Microclimate）17-4（Octopus）18-4（North American Wood Frog）20-4（Snowshoe Hare）21-3（Evolution Theory）22-3（Pleistocene Rewilding）23-3（Dolphin’s Navigation）24-1（Crocodile V ocalization）27-1（Coral Reefs Marine）27-3（Sauropod）31-3（Decline of Coral Reefs）33-3（Notothenioids）12-1（Cell Division）15-4（Biology Community）26-2（Carbon Cycling）Animal Behavior1-4（Marmots）3-1（Humming Birds）4-1（Displacement Activity）8-1（Active Habitat Selection）11-1（Distraction Display）16-3（Foraging Behavior Among Beavers）25-1（Assisted Migration Conservation）25-4（Play）28-2（Mirror Self-Recognition）Botany2-2（Manila Hemp）6-2（Nightcap Oak）19-3（Plants in Salt Mashes）28-3（Plant s’ Photoreceptor）34-3（Plants and Pollinators）4.ArtArt History3-3（Chauvet Painting）8-2（Women Artist in Paris）16-4（Stained Glass Art）17-1（Prehistoric Art Dating）18-2（Copies of Greek Sculptures）26-4（Archimedes Palimpsest）34-1（Dadaism）1-1（Rose Frantzen）19-4（Cecilia Beaux）21-4（Alice Neel）27-4（Primary Colors）Music12-3（Opera）16-2（Piano）22-4（Musicians & Film Industry）25-2（Bela Bartok）27-2（Cremonese Violin）30-4（Electric Guitar）31-1（Music in Ancient Greece）Literature4-2（Emerson’s Self－reliance）5-4（Folk Tales and Fairy Tales）6-3（Character Sketch）13-3（Medieval Poetry）Architecture11-2（Cape Cod House）13-1（Pedestrian Malls）29-2（Reverberation）32-4（Harriet Morrison Irwin）33-4（The Renaissance Gardens）Dance History23-4（Screen Dance）24-2（Modern Dance）Theater History7-1（The Well－made Play）9-1（Philippe Jacques De Loutherbourg）Film History3-2（Jean Painleve）astronomy2-4asteroid beltMercuryVenusEarthMarsSaturnUranus (天神，乌拉诺斯)NeptunePlutoAstronomical unitPatternCeresobjectGravitation gravity，grav=heavy重，或悲伤Grave 严肃的，庄重的，坟墓Aggra－vation 加重，恶化You can imagine that there was some interest in why the 2.8 spot was skipped Validity3-4bloom 花，开花期n. 开花，使植物繁盛，大量出现v.spectroscopy spectroscopicspectraspectral linesspectrum 光谱，波普，范围，系列spectral graphchemical compositioncrystal prismbeamoptical radiationexposeuranium 以Uranus 为依据命名heliumbleed intomagnify 放大，赞美randomlycompileflamefingerprintextensivecircumspect 小心谨慎的circum周围+spect看→看周围→小心2perspective 透视的per全部+spect看+ive……的→看透了的→透视的3prospective 预期的prospect前景+ive……的→adj.预期的respectable 可敬的;人格高尚的respect尊敬+able可以……的→adj.可敬的;人格高尚的5respectful 恭敬的,尊重的respect尊敬,尊重+ful有……的→adj.恭敬的,尊重的6respective 各自的,各个的re回+spect看+ive……的→回头看[自己]→各自的7retrospective 追想的,回顾的retrospect[v.回顾,回想]+ive……的→adj.追想的,回顾的8spectacular 壮观的,引人注目的spect看+acular……的→adj.壮观的,引人注目的n.壮观的演出Badv.1respectively 分别地, 各个地respective[adj.各自的,各个的]+ly表副词→adv.分别地, 各个地Cn.1prospect 景象,前景pro前面+spect看→向前看→前景2aspect 样子, 外表, 面貌, [问题等的]方面a加强意义+spect看→看的东西→外表,容貌3circumspection 细心,慎重circumspect[adj.小心谨慎的]+ion表名词→n.细心,慎重4inspector 检查员, 巡视员inspect[v.检查,调查,视察]+or人→n.检查员, 巡视员5inspection 检查,审查;检阅inspect[v.检查,调查,视察]+ion表名词→n.检查,审查;检阅6prospectus 章程,内容简介;创办计划pro前+spect看+us→向前看的东西7respect 敬意,问候,关系,方面re再+spect看→再看[一眼]→尊敬8spectacle [spect看+acle东西→看的东西→景象;眼镜9spectacular 壮观的演出spect看+acular……的→adj.壮观的,引人注目的n.壮观的演出spectator 观众,旁观者spect看+ator人→看的人11spectrum 系列，范围；光谱spect看+rum→可以看的范围Dn.&v.1respect 尊敬,尊重re再+spect看→再看[一眼]→尊敬Ev.1expect 预期;期望,指望ex出+pect=spect看→看出去,看外面→期待2inspect 检查,调查,视察in内,里面+spect看→看里面→检查3retrospect 回顾,回想retro向后+spect看→向后看4speculate 思索;推测spec=spect看+ulate→看准了→思考,投机suspect 怀疑sus下面+spect看→在下面看一看,斜眼看→怀疑前缀: per- 1. 表示"贯穿,自始至终;全部"; 2. 表示"假,坏"Aadj.1perennial 全年的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+enn年+ial的→全年的2permanent 永久的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+man拿住+ent……的→永久拿住→永恒的3pernicious 有害的,有毒的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+nic毒+ious……的→有毒的4perplexed 困惑的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+plex重叠+ed……的→重叠在一起→困惑的5perspective 透视的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spect看+ive……的→看透了→透视的6perspicacious 独具慧眼的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spic看+acious多……的→全部看到→独具慧眼perverse 刚愎自用的,故意作对的per贯穿,自始至终;全部+vers转+e→一直和别人拧着转8perfunctory 草率的per假,坏+funct作用+ory……的→没起好作用→草率的Bn.1percussion 敲打;碰击; 冲突per贯穿,自始至终;全部+cuss摇动,敲打+ion表名词→一直敲打2peroxide 过氧化物per贯穿,自始至终;全部+oxide氧化物→贯穿的氧化物→过氧化物3perturb 烦乱,扰乱per贯穿,自始至终;全部+turb搅→直搅乱→扰乱4perfidy 不忠,背叛per假,坏+fid相信+y状态→假相信→不忠诚5perjury 伪证,假誓per假,坏+jur发誓+y状态→假发誓;参考:jury陪审团Cv.perforate 打洞per贯穿,自始至终;全部+forate打孔→打孔穿过→打洞2perfuse 使洒遍,横流per贯穿,自始至终;全部+fuse流→流遍3permeate 弥漫,遍布,散布;渗入,渗透per贯穿,自始至终;全部+me走+ate表动词→走过去→渗透过去4persist 坚持per贯穿,自始至终;全部+sist站→站到最后→坚持5perspire 出汗per贯穿,自始至终;全部+spir呼吸+e→全身呼吸→出汗6persuade 劝说per贯穿,自始至终;全部+suade劝→一直劝→劝说7peruse 细读per贯穿,自始至终;全部+use利用→[读书的时候]全部利用→细读8pervade 弥漫,普及per贯穿,自始至终;全部+vade走→走遍,遍及9perpetrate 做坏事;犯罪per假,坏+petr石+ate表动词→像石头一样顽固的做坏事→专横,做坏事10pervert 堕落,滥用per假,坏+vert转→转向坏→堕落1.you get the idea2.Anyone want to take a stab at the scientific term for visible light? And I’m sure all of you knowthis because you all did the reading for today3.before we get into that, it’s probably a good thing to back up a bit4.what happens if the sunlight’s spectrum is magnified? Maybe you all didn’t do the reading. Well,here’s what you’d see.5.I’m sure all of you know it. OK. Let’s try something else. Any of you happened to be familiar withthe …?5-2compelling reasonspinpointimpact craterbasincolor-coated imagespacecraftlunarorbitequatortopographical 地形的elevation (low, high)diameterdepthplanetaryredistributecrustmantlepenetratecomposition, formationmeteor showerconcentration of hydrogencometmoleculeevaporationprimitiveoxygen and hydrogenrocket fuelmaybe a ways off: way off, 偏离轨道，错得厉害，有很大距离，（”I think you are way off base.）haul: to move something really big with a lot of effortsperpetually, eternally, perpetual motion (永动机), permanentgive or takecrude estimateby inference “You seemed to know about the book and by inference I though t you had read it.”13-4meteoroids 流星体meteorite：陨石meteor: 流星，大气现象，meteorology，气象学，mythologyinterplanetary spaceproportionterrestrial territory terr＝earth，土地；frighten，可怕，恐惧；extraterrestrial 地球外的，宇宙的Mediterranean，地中海的subterranean，地下的，subterrane，下层，洞穴，地下室cometasteroid (-oid, 希腊语，like，acidoid, 似酸的，asteroid，星状的，小行星，organoid，类器官debris uncountable noun 残骸，碎片，垃圾methanecarbon dioxide (monoxide) nitric oxide 一氧化氮particlenickelindistinguishableleft overanalogous: similar, “marine construction technology like this is very complex, somewhat analogous to trying to build a bridge under water.”Analogy 类似，相似，比拟，“The teacher draw an analogy between the human heart and a pump.”Now I’m going a bit out of a boarder here.the thing is, what’s especially interesting about … is that…难句: they consist of the same chemical elements that are in matter originated on earth.It might help if you think of…remember we talked about the two classes of planets in our solar system? And how they differ in composition?14-3latitude 纬度longitudealtitude elevationorient v. 标定方向，使熟悉或适应，orient oneselforientation n.oriental 东方的seafarersnavigationalpartition v. 分割partition the country 分裂国家symmetrical 对称的匀称的symmetric 对称性的historichistoricalidenticalcanoediscern 看出理解了解识别Vikingkeep track of seasonsecology9-2we are around the topicCelsiusVegetationShrubTundra: a flat land with very little vegetation Precipitation, respirationThawPermafrostImpermeableNone of the plants that grow there can have deep roots, can they? No, and that’s one of the reasons that shrubs survive in the arctic Interfere withMicrobes microbialMicroscopic organismNitrogenPhosphorusInsulateRun-offSemiaridPrairie10-3scarce scarcitynitrogen, carbon, phosphorus硫，sulphur sulphuricbreak down erodeparticleweather v.mine v.fertilizerdecomposecompositionalgaeclogadverse adversitysediment depositsubstantial11-3citrusbout 发作I was suffering with a bout of nerves一段时间，一阵（不愉快的事大量发生）The latest bout of violence has claimed twenty-four lives. Spell of frost 一阵（某种活动，天气等）Wetland swamp marsh 淹没，使陷入困境，忙的不可开交OverwhelmedSwampy marshy 泥泞的沼泽的marshmallowsugar coated hawsdrain 排水v. 下水道n. drainage 废水，排水系统sewer 下水道阴沟divert 转道，转向－vert＝turnconvert convertible 可辩论的敞篷车ventilate 通风ventilate the room ventilatorsubscribe 订阅subscribe to 同意，支持Fahrenheit CelsiusPlumb v. plumberA drop in the bucket12-4alternative energy sourcediffused 含糊不清的难以理解的diffuse v. 传播四散普及to diffuse new ideas fuse 融化融合保险丝引信confusespur v. 策马前进鼓励激励加速推动n. 马刺，刺激因素fall into two categoriespanel 专门小组仪表板solar energyplantmega13-2interrelationshipinterdependenceecosystem ecofriendlylogpondstanding stillmammalssponge songebob squarepantssoak up17-2circular a. ovalelliptical a. 隐晦的，间接的hemisphere sphere 势力范围圈子，阶层This area was formerly within the sphere of influence of the US Glacier 冰川Rotation rotateAxis 轴symmetry axisScopeSkeptical 怀疑性的TiltPrecessionGeology16-1permeablepermeate the smell of roast beef permeated the airlimestonesulfuric acidbacteriadiagram,let’s draw a diagramwater table 地下水位fissure deep crack in something, especially in rock. Carbonic acidDissolveSolubleSolutionSolv: loosen 溶解，解决，松开Dry as a boneBone dry: the river bed is bone dry.Residue: 残余，残渣，remainsPesticide residue：农药残留Homicide: 凶杀，suicide: 自杀Cide: cut, kill; homi: 人DecideGypsumDormant: 潜伏的，休眠的，静止的Dormant volcanoElaborate: 复杂的，精心制作的，精巧的Labor; 劳动Collaborate: 合作，协作15-2gravelgrav=heavy, 沉重的，悲伤的grave，aggravationgravity, gravitationgravitateepoch: 纪元，时期erosion and weatheringremnants: 残存物CE: common eraBCE: before common era 公元纪年AD: Anno Domini, in the year of our lord, 主的纪年BC: before ChristLivestock; 牲畜9-3Arabian PeninsulaBarren: 贫瘠的，荒原Monsoon: 季风，季风季节，季风雨Dot, spotButte: 孤山，独立的山丘Butt，buttonSand duneTorrential: torrential rain pours down very rapidly and in great quantities. Clay siltChop up 切开，割断chopstick lamb chopHollow: 坑，洞，山谷a hollow tree, 空心的树Ridge: 背脊，山脉，田埂，隆起Hollows and ridges: 沟壑Art history3-3（Chauvet Painting）8-2（Women Artist in Paris）15-2（Palimpsest）16-4（Stained Glass Art）17-1（Prehistoric Art Dating）18-2（Copies of Greek Sculptures）26-4（Archimedes Palimpsest）34-1（Dadaism）1-1（Rose Frantzen）19-4（Cecilia Beaux）21-4（Alice Neel）27-4（Primary Colors）3-3cave paintingslides 幻灯片diagram，picturedepictprimitivedating technique charcoalPaleolithicNeolithic8-2canny，canny valley premiereBiology12-1renew 更新，延长有效期tissuechromosomespringcoil up 盘绕，卷成一圈，coil：线圈，卷tongue in cheek 开玩笑的，不是认真的，风凉话，说说而已sequence，repetitiouslacethreadravel: 使纠缠，变得错综复杂，磨损，unravel，解开，阐明archeology1-3settlementinhabitantNeolithicPaleolithicHatchway hatch孵化HearthPlaster 灰泥Lung ribSootBurial sitesAncestor 祖先词根cess go 行走前进accessibleexcessive 过分的过度的successive suc 随后连续的继承的successor 继承人继任者heir heritor process 过程处理concession 让步迁就speculateexcavationcav holelife science12-1be programmed to do 预先设定好了要nerve cellsgene genetic informationchromosome (练习听开头猜测chromosome定义)springcoil 盘绕卷成圈线圈coil upbreak off 分离脱离停止enzyme 酶immortal 不死的，永恒的，不朽的mortal 致命的，不共戴天的，终有一死的，极度的凡人人类mort ＝death15-4inorganic photosynthesis photon光子microbe。
关于托福听力必备词汇分类
【导语】准备托福听⼒时学⽣们都会⽐较关注TOEFL听⼒必备词有哪些?这些学⽣要分类记忆，同时也要熟悉答题步骤这样才能在答题时有条不紊，那么托福听⼒必备词汇有哪些?下⾯是分享的相关内容，欢迎阅读参考！ TOEFL听⼒必备词汇分类 必知词汇：跨专业学科通⽤词(包括常⽤动词、形容词、介词等) E.g.: relate, illustrate, positive, among 认知词汇：本专业学科常识词(包括话题范围内所有学科的基本名词和属性词) E.g.: marketing, finance, economics, predictable 选记词汇：各学科特定专有名词(⾮常识的术语、⼈名、地名，等) E.g.: ideomotor, Colossus of Rhodes, Emma Lazarus 托福听⼒答题步骤 解材料话题、预判材料范围、明确材料重点、掌握笔记⽅向、认真听取信息、快速概括记录、回忆材料⼤意、排除错误选项。
Lecture⾮⼀盘散沙，要听清楚层次。
⼀个层次的起始及结束(预测考题内容) 、考点间的切换，不漏题排除错误选项。
⼀篇⽂章四到五个层次居多。
Lecture重在必要学科词汇，轻⽣僻学科知识必要学科词汇⽣僻学科知识 另外，听⼒Lecture部分有六⼤出题原则需要知道： ①掐头去尾：开头30秒主要听主旨题，结尾30秒是结尾题。
②屏幕提⽰出题原则。
③师⽣互动会有⼀些出题原则 ④举例处会出题。
但不同于雅思，听到例⼦，马上要回想前⼏句话讲了什么原理或者某事物的特性。
⑤转折、对⽐处会有出题 ⑥详细解释处会有出题。
托福英语听⼒如何 任何英语的听⼒考试，想要，都必须回到最基本的条件就是⾸先要有好的听⼒基本功。
在此基础上，的确有⼀些教学机构会有不同的办法，或者说技巧帮助考试在你原有的⽔平上再加你发挥，多拿⼏分。
具体点说吧，⽐如说托福听⼒⼀共34道题，满分是30分。
你得有20分的基础，那些语⾔培训机构才有可能帮你在较短的时期内拿到25分左右。
托福听力学科词汇
1.office hourfaculty 院系，全体教员dean 院长，系主任lecturer 讲师advisor 顾问，指导老师assignment 分配，作业rough draft 初稿final copy 终稿cite a reference 注明引用部分request an extension on a due date 申请延期提交term paper 期末报告dissertation 论文，专题senior essay 本科毕业论文miss the class 缺勤drop a course 取消选课credit 学分，信用，贷款prerequisite 先修课程requirement 必修课程elective 选修课程proof of approval 选课证明double major 第二专业exchange student 交换生a letter of reference 推荐信resume 简历scholarship 本科奖学金fellowship 奖学金；友谊stipend 奖学金，定期津贴grant 研究补助金tuition fee 学费health care 医疗费housing 住房补贴full funding 全额奖学金financial assistance 经济支持internship 实习，实习生2.artfine arts 美术；艺术painting 绘画sculpture 雕塑；雕刻pigment 颜料；给…着色Cubism 立体派；立体主义Cave paintings 壁画Perspective 远近法，透视法Proportion 比列，部分Oblique angle 斜角String 琴弦Epic 史诗，叙事诗Clay tablet 粘土板Cuneiform 楔形文字Aestheticism 唯美主义Playwright 剧作家Satirical 讽刺性的，讥讽的Pen name 笔名3.biologyecosystem 生态系统biome 生物联系，生物群落decomposer 分解者，分解体nucleus 细胞核chromosome 染色体botany 植物学anabolism 同化作用catabolism 异化作用metabolism 新陈代谢photosynthesis 光合作用protein 蛋白质tropism （植物）向性insectivorous plants 食虫植物mucus 黏液pollination 授粉double fertilization 双受精stamen 雄蕊pollen 花粉zoology 动物学dormancy 休眠estivation 夏眠hibernation 冬眠perspiration 汗水respiration 呼吸，呼吸作用amphibians 两栖类动物reptile 爬行动物omnivorous 杂食性entomology 昆虫学vermin 害虫beehive 蜂窝paleontology 古生物学Paleozoic Era 古生代Mesozoic Era 中生代Cenozoic Era 新生代Pleistocene epoch 洪积世Alluvial epoch 冲积世4.physical science astronomy 天文学interstellar matter 星际物质nebula 星云star cluster 星团galaxy 银河系asteroid 小行星geology 地质学seismology 地震学geography 地理学crust 地壳plate tectonics 板块构造论precipitation 降水量permafrost 永久冻土层erosion 侵蚀sand dune 沙丘lava 熔岩sedimentary 沉积层metamorphic rock 变质岩igneous rock 岩浆岩solution/solvent/solute溶液/溶剂/溶质gas/liquid/ solid 气体/液体/固体saturation 饱和atmospheric pressure 大气压infrared rays 红外线ultraviolet rays 紫外线inorganic 无机的insulation 绝缘体alternative energy 替代能源fossil fuel 化石燃料bio-fuel 生物燃料5.marine biology frequency 频率bioluminescence 生物发光firefly 萤火虫predator 捕食者oxidation 氧化warning color 警戒色fin 鳍unpaired fin 奇鳍paired fins 偶鳍gill 鳃anus 肛门6.physiologyorgan system 器官系统digestive system 消化系统nervous system 神经系统respiratory system 呼吸系统circulatory system 循环系统dendrite 树状突axon 轴索7.public healthsleep disturbance 睡眠障碍insomnia 失眠itchiness 发痒hypersomnia 过眠症genetic disease 遗传病dementia 痴呆cerebrum 大脑behavioral disorder 行动障碍oral plaque 齿菌斑cavities 龋齿saliva 唾液neutralization 中和作用microorganism 微生物8.environmentbiology oxygen demand 生化需氧量release 放生farmed 养殖的immunity 免疫力trait 特征endangered 濒临灭绝的eutrophication 富营养化algae 藻类nitrogen 氮phosphorous 磷proliferation 增殖red tide 赤潮contaminate 污染self-purification 自净作用decompose 分解pollutant 污染物toxic substance 有害物质radioactive material 放射性物质heavy metal 重金属restore 复原secondary pollution 二次污染on-site 现场9.economicstock market crash 股价暴跌public work 公共事业monopoly 单体垄断oligopoly 寡头垄断cartel 企业联合insolvency 无力偿还10.psychologycognition 认知，感知sensory 感觉的attachment 依附11.historyfeudalism 封建制度cuneiform 楔形文字duodecimal system 十二进制movable type printing 活字印刷术woodblock printing 木板印刷术the protestant reformation 宗教改革accumulate capital 资本积累glacial age 冰河期Paleolithic era 旧石器时代Neolithic 新石器时代Colonial period 殖民地时期The revolutionary war 独立战争The declaration of independence 独立宣言Frontier 边远地区Gold rush 淘金热Textile 纺织品Rug 小毯Weaver 织工Geometric pattern 几何图案Prehistory 史前时代Mayan civilization 玛雅文明。
托福听力TPO词汇大全【精品推荐】
托福听⼒TPO词汇⼤全【精品推荐】⽬录学科词汇---Art (5)TPO1 L1 (Contemporary Art) (5)TPO3 L2 (Film History) (5)TPO3 L3 (Art History) (6)TPO7 L1 (Theater History) (6)TPO8 L2 (Art History) (7)TPO9 L1 (Theater) (7)TPO12 L3 (Music History) (8)TPO15 L3 (Art History) (9)TPO16 L2(Music History) (10)TPO16L4(Art History) (11)TPO17L1(Art History) (11)TPO18L2(Art History) (12)TPO19L4(Art History) (13)TPO21L4(Art History) (13)TPO22L4(Music History) (14)TPO23L4(Choreography) (15)TPO24L2(Art History) (15)TPO25 L2(Music History) (16)TPO26 L4(Art Conservation) (17)TPO27 L2 (History of Musical Instruments: Violins) (17)TPO27 L4(Studio Art: Primary Colors ) (17)TPO30 L4 (Music History) (18)TPO31 L1 (Ancient Greek Music & Plato) (18)学科词汇---Literature (18)TPO4 L2 (18)TPO5 L4 (19)TPO6 L3 (Creative Writing) (19)TPO13 L3(Poetry) (20)TPO20 L3(Poetry) (21)学科词汇---Architecture (22)学科词汇---Biology (25)TPO1 L4 (25)TPO2 L2 (botany) (25)TPO8 L1(Animal Behavior) (27)TPO10 L1 (Marine Biology) (28)TPO11 L1 (29)TPO12 L1 (29)TPO14 L2 (30)TPO15 L4 (31)TPO16 L3 (31)TPO17 L4 (32)TPO18 L4 (33)TPO19 L3 (34)TPO20 L4 (35)TPO21L3 (35)TPO22L3 (36)TPO26L2 (37)TPO23 L3 (37)TPO24 L1 (37)TPO25 L1 (38)TPO25L4 (38)TPO27 L1 (38)TPO27 L3 (39)TPO28 L2 (39)TPO28 L3 (40)TPO30 L2 (40)TPO31 L3 (40)TPO32 L2 (41)学科词汇---Environmental Science (41) TPO3 L1 (41)TPO6 L4 (42)TPO13 L2(Ecology) (45) TPO17 L2 (45)TPO20 L2 (46)TPO23 L2 (46)TPO29 L1 (Plant Ecology) (47) TPO32 L3 (Earth science) (47)学科词汇---Astronomy (48) TPO2 L4 (48)TPO3 L4 (48)TPO18 L1 (51)TPO19 L2 (51)TPO21 L1 (52)TPO22 L2 (53)TPO24 L4 (54)TPO26 L3 (55)TPO30 L3 (55)学科词汇---Geology (55) TPO1 L2 (55)TPO4 L3 (56)TPO7 L4 (56)TPO9 L3 (57)TPO15 L2 (58)TPO16 L1 (58)TPO31 L2 (59)学科词汇----Chemistry (59) TPO5 L3 (59)TPO8 L4 (60)学科词汇---Computer (60) TPO21 L2 (60)学科词汇---Archaeology (61) TPO1 L3 (61)TPO29 L3 (64)TPO32 L1 (64)学科词汇---History (65)TPO8 L3 (65)TPO10 L2 (European History) (65) TPO17 L3 (66)TPO18 L3 (European History) (67) TPO25 L3 (68)学科词汇---Psychology (68)TPO2 L1 (68)TPO10 L4 (69)学科词汇---Business (70)TPO6 L1 (70)TPO11 L4 (71)TPO12 L2 (72)TPO26 L1 (72)学科词汇---Anthropology (72) TPO7 L3 (72)TPO22 L1 (73)TPO31L4 (74)学科词汇---Sociology (74)TPO5 L1 (74)学科词汇---Linguistics (75)TPO9 L4 (75)TPO19 L1 (76)TPO20 L1 (76)学科词汇---Philosophy (77)TPO2 L3 (77)TPO28 L1 (77)学科词汇---U.S. Government (77) TPO4 L4 (77)学科词汇---ArtTPO1 L1 (Contemporary Art)assignment n. 任务；功课exhibit n. 展览品gallery n. 画廊realistic[?ri??l?st?k] adj.现实的realism n. 现实主义impressionism n.印象主义depict v. 描述；绘画scenen n. 场景；景⾊thickly[?θ?kl?]adv.厚厚地brushstroke[brzt'r??k] n. 笔触texture n.质地，纹理canvas [?k?nv?s] n.帆布rough adj. 粗糙的，崎岖不平的；landscapes ['l?ndskeip] n. ⼭⽔画，风景，地形bleak adj. 阴冷的；荒凉的blurry adj. 模糊的；污脏的pinkish[?p??k??]adj. 带桃红⾊的foreground[?f?r?ɡra?nd, ?for-]n. 前景；突出的地⽅，最显著的位置barn[bɑrn]n. ⾕仓，粮仓；牲⼝棚cattle[?k?tl]n. （总称）⽜，牲⼝；畜⽣posture n. 姿势；态度depiction n. 描写；叙述unideal ['?nai'di?l]adj. ⾮理想的surrounded[s??raund] adj. 被环绕的pumpkin n. 南⽠zigzag adj. 之字形的；曲折的chaotic [ket?k]adj. 混沌的；⼀⽚混乱的vibrant adj. 振动的；充满⽣⽓的hint n. 暗⽰；线索electric blue 铁蓝⾊peek v. 偷看；窥视accessible[?k'ses?bl] adj. 可到达的，易接近的instructor n. 指导者；教员illustration n. 插图；图解portrait n. 肖像，肖像画TPO3 L2 (Film History)category [?k?t??ɡ?ri, -?ɡori]n.类型，部门，种类hybrid[?ha?br?d]n.混合物；混合词；杂种conform[k?n?f?rm]vi.符合；遵照norm[n??rm]n.标准；规范classify[?kl?s??fa?]vt. 分类，归类fiction[?f?k??n]n.⼩说；虚构pioneer[?pan?r]n.先驱者；创始者aquatic[??kw?t?k]adj.⽔⽣的clip [kl?p]n. (电影、⼴播或电视节⽬的)剪辑，⽚段mollusk[?mɑl?sk]n.软体动物narration[n??re??n]n.叙述，故事portray[p?r?tre]vt.描述；描绘uncanny[?n?k?ni] adj神秘的，不可思议的suspicious[s??sps]adj.可疑的；猜疑的seahorse['si?h??s]n.海马celebrated[?s?l??bret?d]adj.有名的，著名的innovator[ ??n??vet?]n.改⾰者；创新者pretty much（⼀般⽤于⼝语强调）很⼤程度上的fancy[?f?nsi]adj.昂贵的；（构思者）奇特的patch[p?t?]vt.修补，拼凑shallow water浅⽔investigate [?n?v?st??ɡet]vt.调查；审查；研究present[pri?zent] vt.介绍documentarist[?d?kju?ment?rist]n.记实⼩说作者，记录影⽚导演（或制⽚⼈）documentary[?dɑkj??m?nt?ri]n.纪录⽚artistic[ɑr?t?st?k]adj.艺术的；有美感的incorporate [?n?k?rp??ret]vi.包含；吸收；合并；混合a fair question ⼀个好问题catch on 变得流⾏straightforward[stret?f?rw?d]adj.直截了当的；坦率的；明确的circle n.(指朋友或有相同兴趣或职业的⼈组成的)圈⼦，界TPO3 L3 (Art History)origin[??r?d??n] n.起源preserve [pr??z?v]vt.保持，保存cave painting 洞⽳壁画Spain [spen]n.西班⽛dating[?deiti?]n.测定年代pipe up（在沉默了⼀阵之后）开始说话，开始讲话（尤指说出令⼈吃惊或奇怪的事情）primitive[?pr?m?t?v]adj.原始的slide[sla?d]n.幻灯⽚masterpiece[?m?st??pis]n.杰作confirmation[?kɑnf??me??n]n.确认，认可；证实be that as it may（倒装句）=Although it may be that 尽管是那样inhabit[?n?h?b?t]vt.居住penetrate[?p?n??tret]vt.穿透torch[t?rt?]n.⽕把，⽕炬virtually[?v?t?u?li]adv.实际上，实质上perspective[p??sp?kt?v]n. 透视；观点；全景vitality[va??t?l?ti]n.活⼒；⽣⽓depict[d?? p?kt]vt.描绘，描画；描述charcoal[?t?ɑr?kol]⽊炭，⿊炭inaccessible ⽆法进⼊的，不可触及的speculate （尤指学术上的）臆测herbivore[?h?:b??v?r] n.⾷草动物rhinoceros[ra??nɑs?r?s]n.犀⽜mammoth[?m?m?θ]n.[动]猛玛（象）bison[?ba?s?n] n.美洲野⽜half-man-half-bison半⼈半⽜outline[?a?t?la?n]n.轮廓utter[??t?]adj.彻底的，完全的，绝对的sheer[??r]adj.纯粹的sheer beauty纯粹的美，这⾥指仅仅为了美感dim the light 把灯调暗TPO7 L1 (Theater History)Realism[?ri??l?z?m]n.现实主义drama[?drɑm?] n.戏剧，剧本pattern[?p?t?n] n.模式construct[k?n?str?kt]n.构想，构筑，构思(思想、作品、体系等)comedy[?kɑm?di]n.喜剧commercially[k??m?:??l?]adv.商业上dramatic[dr??m?t?k]adj.戏剧的，戏剧性的；引⼈注⽬的；激动⼈⼼的devise[d??va?z]vt.想出，设计formula[?f?rmj?l?]n.公式，准则order[??rd?]n.秩序；规则playwright[?ple?ra?t]n.剧作家backward[?b?kw?d]adj.向后的；反向的exposition [??ksp??zn]n.阐述，讲解lyric quotation台词引注feud[fjud]vi.长期不和；结怨，结仇servant[?s?v?nt]n.仆⼈，佣⼈gossip[?ɡɑsip]vi. 传播流⾔，说长道短what a shame 多可惜，多遗憾gentlemen[?d?entlm?n]n.先⽣；绅⼠inciting[in?sait??]adj.刺激的，煽动的incident[ ??ns?d?nt]n.事件；⼩插曲inciting incident引发的事件plot [plɑt]n. （戏剧、⼩说等的）情节proceed [pr??si:d]v.(活动、过程或事件）继续，持续series[?s?riz]n.⼀系列furious [?fj?ri?s]adj.狂怒的，暴怒的apparent [??p?r?nt] adj.易看见的；显然的reversal[r??v?:s?l]n.逆转，颠倒；反复tension[?t?n??n]n.紧张，不安obligatory [??bl?ɡ??t?ri] adj.义务的；应尽的scene[sin]n.场⾯；（戏剧的）⼀场denouement[?denu?mɑ?]n.（戏剧、⼩说等的）结局resolution[?r?z??lu??n]n.解决loose endn.（故事、情况、罪案等）有待解释的地⽅，未了结的部分TPO8 L2 (Art History)instructor[?n?str?kt?]n.指导者，教师option[??p??n]n.选择back up倒退art academy [ɑrt ??k?d?mi]艺术院校decade[?dekeid]n.⼗年founder[?fa?nd?]n.创始⼈；建⽴者canny [?k?ni]精明的，狡猾的，尤形容商⼈premiere[pr??m?r] adj.⾸要的，⾄上的destination[?d?st??ne??n]n.⽬的，⽬标；⽬的地，终点initial [??nl]adj.最初的；开始的trial[?tra??l] n.试验progressive[pr??ɡr?s?v]adj.进步的；先进的；⾰新的established[??st?bl??t]adj.有声望的studio[?studio] n.⼯作室，画室formal[ ?f?rm?l]adj.（学校教育或培训）正规的setting[?s?t??]n.环境;背景;地点criticism[?kritisiz?m]n.鉴定；评论rank[r??k]n.等级；名次incentive[?n?s?nt?v]n.动机；刺激；诱因；⿎励salon[s??l??]n.沙龙；画廊；美术展览会exhibition[?eksi?bi??n]n.陈列，展览make a name成名sculpture[?sk?lpt??]n.雕刻（术），塑像seal [si:l]n.印章seal of approval[si:l ?v ??pru:v?l] 正式认可masterpiece[?m?st??pis]n.杰作，名作interior[?n?t?ri?]n.内部，内景，⾥⾯savvy[?s?vi]adj.有见识的;有经验的fellow student[?fel?u ?stju:d?nt] 同学，同窗TPO9 L1 (Theater)Inventionn.发明Entertainmentn.娱乐，消遣stage design舞台设计site designer场景设计师lane n.⼩路，⼩巷knack[n?k]n. 诀窍；本领show a knack for sth 对于某事显⽰出才能cut up去除illusionn.错觉；幻想suspendvt.暂停；延缓disbeliefn.不相信，怀疑depthn.深度；深处rigidadj.严格的；僵硬的background n.背景sceneryn.风景，景⾊；舞台布景anglen.⾓touch n.风格;⼿法;特有⽅式3 dimensional3D⽴体wild for sth对某事疯狂outdo vt.胜过，优于Eidophusikon⼀种早期的移动话剧场，使观众⾝临其境感受⼤⾃然first glance第⼀眼bushn.灌⽊（丛）lightingn.照明；舞台灯光elaborate vi.详尽说明representationn.表现；陈述synthesizevt.综合；⼈⼯合成；（⾳响）合成trickn.戏法，把戏；计谋mechanical adj.机械的，机械学的multimedian.多媒体adj.多媒体的releasevt.释放constraintn.强制；限制；约束mutual adj.共有的；共同的notable adj.值得注意的；显著的dynamicadj.动态的incredibly adv. 很，极为influentialadj.有影响⼒的unifiedadj. 统⼀的subsequent adj.后来的；随后的sunrisen.⽇出mechanicaladj.机械的，机械学的sailvi.航⾏foreground n.（照⽚、景物等的)前景horizonn.地平线；范围；界限sunlightn.阳光moonlightn.⽉光patternn.模式；花样；图案shadown.阴影；影⼦uniformadj.（形状，性质等）⼀样的；规格⼀致的pioneern.先驱者；创始者thundern.雷声copper sheet铜⽪，铜⽚，薄铜板stormn.暴风⾬，暴风雪TPO12 L3 (Music History)opera[??p?r?]n.歌剧；歌剧艺术plural [?pl?r?l]n.复数；复数形式opus[??up?s] n.作品；乐曲work[w?k]n.(艺术家的)作品Latin['l?tin]n.拉丁⽂；拉丁语lyrics['liriks] n.歌词commonplace[?k?m?npleis]n.平常的事;司空见惯的事venture[?v?nt??]n.风险项⽬linguistic[lɡw?st?k]adj.语⾔的；语⾔学的thematic[θ??m?t?k]adj.主题的;专题的;主旨的secularization[?sekjul?rai?zei?? n]n.凡俗化，还俗，把教育从宗教中分离vehicle[?vi:?kl]n.传播媒介，媒介物Christian Church[?kr?st??n t??t?]n.基督教会evolve [i?v?lv]vi.发展merchant[?m?:t??nt]n.商⼈aristocrat[??r?st??kr?t] n.贵族vernacular[v??n?kj?l?]n.⽅⾔theme [θi:m]n. (作品的)主题presentation[?pr?z?n?te??n] n.表演；演出plaza[?plɑ:z?] n.（城市中的露天）⼴场satire[?s?t?a?r]n.讽刺；讽刺作品commit oneself to致⼒于imprisonment[?m?pr?znm?nt]n.关押，监禁persecution[?p?:s??kju??n]n.（尤指因宗教、政治信仰或种族⽽受到的）迫害restive[?r?st?v]adj.不受管束的melodious[m??l??di:?s]adj.有旋律的；悦⽿的melodrama[?mel??drɑ:m?] n.情节剧，⾳乐剧Galileo[?ɡ?li?lei?u]n.伽利略(1564-1642，意⼤利物理及天⽂学家)Florence[?fl?:r?ns] n.佛罗伦萨（意⼤利城市）countn.计数the counts of a party 指都是社团的成员Renaissance[?r?n??sɑns] n.⽂艺复兴（时期）originate[??rid?ineit]vi.起源于，来⾃；产⽣be confined to局限于migrate[?ma??ɡreit]vi.迁移；移居endure] [in?dju?]vi.持续，持久rhythm[?r?e?m]n.[诗]节奏，韵律The Golden Age黄⾦时代secondary[?s?k?n?d?ri]adj.第⼆的aria[?ɑ?ri?]n.咏叹调solo[?s?ul?u]n.独唱，独奏dominate[?d?mineit]vt.& vi.在…中占⾸要地位accompaniment[??k?mp?ni:m?nt] n.伴奏harpsichord[?hɑ:ps??k?:d] n.竖琴mythology[m??θɑl?d?i]n.神话，神话故事plot[pl?t]n.（戏剧、⼩说等的）情节chivalry[v?lri]n.（中世纪的）骑⼠精神epic[??p?k]n.叙事诗；史诗historical[h??st?r?k?l] adj.历史的，历史上的appropriate[??pr?upriit]vt.盗⽤；挪⽤civil war内战Restoration[?r?st??re??n]adj.（戏剧、建筑等）王政复辟时期的take off(产品、活动、事业等)腾飞，突然成功export[?ks?p?rt]vt.传播，输出（思想或活动）elite[??lit] n.精锐，精英Broadway [?br?:dwei]n.百⽼汇musical [?mju:zik?l]n.⾳乐剧fulfill[f?l?f?l]vt.执⾏；达到quote[kw?ut]——unquote[??n?kw?ut]（⽤于引⽂的开始和结尾）引⽂起——引⽂⽌extraterrestrial[??kstr?t??r?stri?l]adj.地球外的emotion[i?m?u??n]n.情感，感情TPO15 L3 (Art History)printing[?pr?nt??]n.印刷（术）printing pressn.印刷机manual script[?m?nj??skr?pt]n.⼿稿；原稿parchment[?pɑ:t?m?nt]n.⽺⽪纸stretch[str?t?]vt.伸展；张开tension[?t?n??n]n.拉⼒;张⼒predominant[pri?d?min?nt]adj.主要的，占主导地位的prior to在…之前durable[?dju?r?bl]adj.耐⽤的，耐久的；持久的handy[?h?ndi]adj.⽅便的；有⽤的scribe[skra?b]n.（印刷术发明之前的）抄写员monk[m??k]n.修道⼠，僧侣monastery[?m?n?st?ri]n.修道院，寺院erase[i?reiz]vt.擦掉palimpsest[?p?l?mp?s?st]n.重写本customary[?k?st?m?ri]adj.习惯的；通常的；照惯例的scrape[skreip]vt.擦，刮abrasive[??bre?s?v]adj.有磨蚀作⽤的；摩擦的；粗糙的wipe out擦掉original [??rid?in?l]adj.原始的；最初的scholar[?sk?l?]n.学者make out辨认出decipher [d??sa?f?]vt.破译；辨认（潦草字迹）Archimede[?ɑ:ki?mi:di:z]n.阿基⽶德mathematician[?m?θ?m??tn]n.数学家prayer[pr?r]n.祈祷；祈祷⽂art auction艺术拍卖会theorem[?θi?r?m]n.[数]定理diagram [?daɡr?m]n.图表papyrus[p??pa?r?s]n.纸莎草scroll[skr??l]n.(带有⽂字的)卷轴underlying[??nd??laii?]adj.表⾯下的，下层的donate to捐赠Baltimore[?b?:ltim?:]n.巴尔的摩，美国马⾥兰州的⼀城市conservation [?k?ns??vei??n]n.保存；保护ultraviolet light[??ltr??va??l?t la?t] n. 紫外线光breakthrough[?breik?θru:]n.突破；重要技术成就iron[?a??n]n.铁display [dis?plei]v.显⽰，显露TPO16 L2(Music History)genre [??ɑnr?]（⽂学、绘画、⾳乐、电影等艺术作品的）体裁，类型narrow[?n?r?u]adj.狭隘的；（种类或数⽬）有限的social context社会背景patronage [?pe?tr?n?d?]n.资助，赞助composer [k?m?p??z?] n.（尤指古典⾳乐）作曲家earn a living谋⽣，维持⽣活patron [?peitr?n]n.赞助⼈，资助⼈technical advance技术进步transverse flute [tr?ns?v?:s]n.横笛clarinet [?kl?r??n?t] n.[乐]单簧管；⿊管keyboard instrument键盘乐器organ[??:ɡ?n]n.风琴；管风琴harpsichord [?hɑrps??k?rd]n.拨弦古钢琴;⼤键琴profound[pr??fa?nd]adj.深厚的；意义深远的pianoforte[pi:??nf?:te?] n.钢琴（旧称）percussion instrument [p??kn ??nstr?m?nt] n.<⾳>打击乐器string instrument [str?? ??nstr?m?nt]n.弦乐器quill [kw?l] n.⽻⽑管pluck[pl?k]v.弹，拨（乐器）guitar pick 吉他拨⽚felt [f?lt] n.⽑毡hammern.(钢琴的）⾳槌drumstick [?dr?m?st?k]n.⿎槌pianist [pi??n?st]n.钢琴家dynamics [da??n?m?ks] n.⼒度强弱法strike [stra?k]v.打；击turning point n.转折点tone [t?un]n.⾳质；⾳⾊；⾳调convey [k?n?vei] vt.传达，表达capacity [k??p?s?ti]n.能⼒;才能capability abilityexpressiveness [?k?spres?vn?s] n.表现，表⽰Romantic style [r?u?m?ntik]浪漫主义风格coincide with与…⼀致mass production n.⼤规模⽣产proportion [pr??p?:??n] n.⽐，⽐率upper classn.上层社会，贵族阶层middle class n.中产阶级harp [hɑ:p] n.竖琴exceptional [?k?s?p??n?l] adj.优越的；杰出的talent [?t?l?nt] n.天资，才能dramatically [dr??m?t?kl:?] adv.突如其来的;急剧的be surrounded by被…围绕recital [r??sa?tl] n.独唱会; 独奏会virtuoso [?v?:t?u:s??] n.艺术⼤师extraordinary [?k?str??rd?neri] adj.⾮凡的，特别的TPO16L4(Art History)paradigmatic[?p?r?d?ɡ?m?t?k]adj.典型的;范例的stained glass [steind]n.(⽤于装饰性窗户等的)彩⾊玻璃，有⾊玻璃re-assemble [?ri??s?mb?l] v.重新组装decorative [?d?k?r?t?v] adj.装饰的；装潢⽤的scarce [sk?rs] adj.缺乏的，罕见的tabletop [?te?b?l?t?p] n.桌⾯principal [?pr?ns?p?l] adj.最重要的；主要的outline [?autlain] n.轮廓，轮廓线vt.画轮廓strip [str?p] n.长条，条板lead [,led] n.铅lead strip n.铅条ideal [a??di?l]adj.理想的，完美的boundary [?ba?nd?ri]n.分界线；范围solid line n.实线metallic [m??t?l?k] adj.⾦属的compound [?k?mpaund] n.复合物ingredient [?n?ɡridi?nt] n.（混合物的）组成部分copper [?k?p?] n.铜iron [?a??n] n.铁painted glass [?peintid ɡlɑ:s]n.彩⾊玻璃foresight [?f?:?sa?t] n.先见；预见revival[r??va?v?l]n.复活；再流⾏；复兴intricate[??ntr?k?t] adj.错综复杂的lamp shade [l?mp ?eid]n.灯罩innovation [??n??ve??n] n.改⾰，创新electric lighting [??l?ktr?k ?la?t??]n.电⽓照明electric light bulb[??l?ktr?k la?t b?lb]n.电灯泡stream through流过TPO17L1(Art History)prehistoric [?pri:h??st?:r?k]adj.史前的cover [?k?v?]v. (在演讲、课程或书中)讨论，涉及Upper Paleolithic Period旧⽯器时代晚期roughly [?r?fl?] adv.粗略地；⼤体上；⼤致上cave drawing洞⽳壁画portable [?p?:t?bl] adj.便携的；轻便的sculpture [?sk?lpt??] n.雕刻hood [h?d] n.⾯罩;头罩carve [kɑ:v] vi.雕刻ivory [?aiv?ri] n.象⽛mammoth [?m?m?θ] n.[动]猛玛（象）tusk [t?sk] n.（象等动物的）长⽛source [s?:s]n.消息来源a fair question好问题prehistory [pri?h?st?ri] n.史前时期signature [?s?ɡn?t??] n.签名；署名archaeology [?ɑ:ki??l?d?i] n.考古学technique [tek?ni:k]n.(艺术等⽅⾯的)技艺，技法bury [?beri] vt.埋葬stratigraphy [str??t?ɡr?fi]n.地层学archaeologist [?ɑ:kl?d??st] n.考古学家dig [d?ɡ] vt.挖掘site [sa?t]n.遗址;原址stratum [?stret?m]n.岩层；地层；社会阶层intact [?n?t?kt] adj.未经触动的；原封不动的；完整⽆缺的discard [dis?kɑ:d] vt.丢弃，抛弃stratification [?str?t?f??ke??n] n.层理；分层minimum [?minim?m] n.最低限度；最⼩量not necessarily[n?t ?nesis?rili]未必，不⼀定radiocarbon datingn.放射性碳年代测定（法）organic [?:?ɡ?nik]adj.⽣物体的；有机体的decay [di?kei] vt.& vi.（使）腐烂，腐朽charcoal [?t?ɑ:k?ul] n.⽊炭dye [da?]n.染料，染⾊chip off切下reluctant [r??l?kt?nt] adj.不情愿的，勉强的bone [b?un] n.⾻头maximum [?m?ksim?m] n.最⼤的量range [reind?] n.范围narrow down缩减;压缩;减⼩motive [?m?utiv] n.（艺术作品的）主题，题材impose [im?p?uz]vt.把(看法)强加于…I don?t get your point没听懂pre-conceived [?pri:k?n?si:vd]adj.（观点）事先形成的，先⼊为主的presence [?prez?ns] n.出席demonstrate [?dem?nstreit] vt.证明，证实；展⽰；说明sophisticated [s??fistikeitid]adj.精明⽼练的primitive [?pr?m?t?v] adj.原始的trend [trend] n.⾛向；趋向straight line n.直线representation [?repr?zen?ten] n.表现；陈述legal process [?li:ɡ?l ?pr?uses]n.法律程序build a legal case建⽴⼀个法律案件analogy [??n?l?d?i] n.类似，相似；类⽐TPO18L2(Art History)examination [?ɡ?z?m??ne??n] n.检查Roman [?r??m?n]adj.古罗马的sculpture [?sk?lpt??] n.雕刻（术），雕塑portrait [?p?:trit] n.肖像；画像bust [b?st] n.半⾝雕塑像commemorate [k??mem?reit] vt.纪念relief sculpture n.浮雕category [?k?t??ɡ?ri]n.种类; 类别Greek adj.希腊的campaign n.（社会、政治)运动,活动Roman Empire n.罗马帝国（指公元前27年到公元476年的罗马奴⾪制国家）conquer [?k??k?] vt.征服；攻克Mediterranean [?m?d?t??reni?n] n.地中海的；地中海沿岸地区的spoil n.战利品To the victor belong the spoils战利品属于获胜者It?s fair to say 合理地说statue [?st?tju:] n.雕像，塑像dominant [?d?min?nt] adj.占优势的；主导的，⽀配的essentially [??sen??li] adv.本质上，根本上prevalent [?pr?v?l?nt] adj.流⾏的，盛⾏的contemporary [k?n?t?mp??r?ri] adj.当代的，现代的historian [his?t?:ri?n] n.历史学家，史学⼯作者creativity [?krie?t?v?t?] n.创造性，创造⼒reproduction [?ri:pr??d? k??n]n.复制品;仿制品hypothesize [hai?p?θisaiz] v.假设，假定artistic [ɑ:?tistik] adj.艺术的；有美感的classical [?kl?sik?l] adj.古典的，经典的idealization [a??di??la??ze??n] n.理想化dismiss [dis?mis]v.不考虑;不理会decoration [?d?k??re??n] n.装饰，装潢Emperor Augustus皇帝奥古斯Imperial [im?pi?ri?l] adj.帝国的，皇帝的inhabitant [in?h?bit?nt] n.居民，住户coin [k??n] n.硬币distribute[dis?tribju:t] vt.分配，散布；散发。
托福听力分科词汇
听力分科词汇（熟悉读音）第一类动物学ZoologyPrimate 灵长类Rodent 啮齿类Vertebrate 脊椎动物Invertebrate 无脊椎动物Reptile 爬行动物Amphibian 两栖动物Carnivore 食肉动物Carnivorous 食肉类的Herbivore 食草动物Omnivore 杂食动物Homoiotherm 恒温动物Poikilotherm 变温动物；冷血动物Tissure 组织Organ 器官Liver 肝Lung 肺Kidney 肾Front/back/rear legRespiratory system 呼吸系统Reproductive system 生殖系统Nerve system 神经系统Immune system 免疫系统Endocrine system 内分泌系统Excretory system 排泄系统Circulatory system 循环系统Blood vessel 血管Vein 静脉Artery 动脉Membrane 隔膜；细胞膜Compound 复眼Sloth 树懒Bat 蝙蝠Dolphin 海豚Turtle 绿毛龟Penguin 企鹅Phylum 门——class 纲——order 目——family 科——species 种Adder 小毒蛇Alge (复数algae)Anatomy 解剖学Anthropoid 类人猿Aquatic 水生的Armor 甲Asymmetric 不对称Baboon 狒狒Alligator 美洲鳄Ancestry 系谱；血统Animal cognition 动物的认知能力Antenna（复数antennae）触须Aquarium 养鱼池Arachnid 节肢动物Auk 海雀Beaver 水懒Biological vacuum 生物演变真空期Bivalve 双壳类Brant 黑雁Breed n.品种v.繁殖Burrow 洞穴Buffalo 美洲野牛Canary 金丝雀Carrion crow 吃腐肉的乌? Caterpillar 毛虫Caviar 鱼子酱Centipede 蜈蚣Chameleon 变色龙Chemical composition 化学成分Chimpanzee 黑猩猩Chipmunk 花栗鼠Chirp 叽叽喳喳叫Cicada 蝉Clam 蛤蜊Claw 爪子Cobra 眼镜蛇Cockroach 蟑螂Cocoon 蚕茧Coelenterate 腔肠动物Cricket 蟋蟀Darwinism 达尔文学说Degeneration 退化Digestive enzyme 消化酶Domesticate 驯养Echolocation 声波定位Entomology 昆虫学Fauna 动物群Fertilize 受精Genus 种类Grasshopper 蚂蚱Gregarious 群居的Hatch 孵化Herd 兽群Heredity 遗传Hibernation 冬眠Hormone 荷尔蒙Ingestion 摄食Insecticide 杀虫剂Larva 幼虫（复数larvae）Mandible 下颚Metamorphosis 变形Lizard 蜥蜴Mate 交配Mollusk 软体动物Monogamous 一雄一雌的Mutation 变种Offspring 后代Order 目Ornithology 鸟类学Oyster 牡蛎Paleontology 古生物学Parasite 寄生虫Polyandrous 一雌多雄的Prairie dog 草原犬鼠Rattlesnake 响尾蛇Regeneration 再生Rhinoceros 犀牛Ruminant 反刍动物Salamander 蝾螈Scale 鳞片Scuba 水下呼吸器Secretion 分泌Solitary 独居的Spawn 卵；产卵Spine 脊骨Spleen 脾Squid 鱿鱼Symbiosis 共生现象symbiotic 共生的Symmetry 对称Tentacle 触须Venom 毒液第二类植物学BotanyFoliage 叶子Stem 茎Trunk 树干Branch 树枝Bark 树皮Bud 花蕾Nectar 花蜜Moss 苔类Herb 草本类Fern 蕨类Fungus 菌类Hybrid 杂交植物Phobia 恐性Hydro-phobia 狂犬病Petal 花瓣Chlorophyll 叶绿素Stamen 花蕊Jasmine 茉莉Peony 牡丹Orchid 兰花Lotus 莲花Plum 梅花；李子第三类生物、微生物学Biology and Micro-biology Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Biotical agency 生物媒介Calcium 钙Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酵母Fatigue （组织、器官等对刺激失去反应能力的）疲劳Fermentation 发酵Fungus 真菌Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology 免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Malaria 疟疾；瘴气Microorganism 微生物Microscopic 精微的Nucleus 细胞核Oxidation 氧化Parasitic disease 寄生虫病Pathogen 病菌Penicillin 青霉素Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病Sterilization 杀菌Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Yeast 酵母第四类人类学与考古学Anthropology and archeology Excavate 挖掘excavation 出土Relics 文物古迹Stone Age 石器时代Iron Age 黑铁时代Bronze Age 青铜时代Neolithic 新石器时代Mesolithic 中石器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代Matriarchy 母系氏族Patrilineal 父系氏族Pottery 陶Ancient civilization 古代文明Antique 古董Archaic 古老的Artifact 人造物品Ascend 攀登Chronological 按年代排序的Clan 氏族Cranial 颅骨的Cultural relics 文物Exhume 掘出Hominid 原始人类Porcelain 瓷器Prehistoric 史前的Primitive 原始的Scoop 铲子Skull 头骨Tribe 部落第五类地理地质学Geography and geology美国五大湖：Huron 休伦湖Ontario 安大略湖Michigan 密歇根湖Erie 伊利湖Superior 苏比利尔湖Extinct volcano 死火山active volcano 活火山dormant 休眠火山Erupt 火山爆发eruption 爆发Magma 岩浆lava 岩浆Crater 火山口Core 地核Crust 地壳Mantle 地幔Layer/stratum 地层South Pole 南极North Pole 北极Antarctic 南极的Antarctica 南极洲Arctic 北极的Aurora 极光Equator 赤道Longitude 经度Latitude 纬度Altitude 海拔the Tropic of Cancer 北回归线the Tropic of Capricorn 南回归线Glacier 冰川Ice berg 冰山Seismology 地震学seismic waves 地震波Magnitude 震级Epicenter 震中Basin 盆地Plane 平原Plateau 高原Low land 低地Arm/gulf/bay 海湾the Great Salt Lake 大盐湖Yellowstone National Park 黄石公园Grand Canyon 大峡谷the Dead Valley 死谷Arid 干旱的Canal 运河Cleft 缝隙Cliff 悬崖Continental drift 大陆漂移Continental shelf 大陆架Contour 轮廓；等高线Cosmopolitan 世界性的Crack 裂缝Crest 山顶Debris 碎片Demolish 破坏；粉碎Deposit 堆积物；沉积物Diffuse 传播；扩散Disintegration 分解Elevation 抬高；高地Endemic 风土的；地方的Evaporation 蒸发Expedition 探险Extract 开采Fault plane 断层面Fieldstone 卵石Frost heaving 冻胀现象Geothermal 地热的Gorge 峡谷Hemisphere 半球Igneous rock 火成岩Incandescent 白炽的Infertile 贫瘠的Insular 海岛Insulate 隔离Ledge 矿脉Margin 边缘Marine 航海的Meridian 子午线Navigation 航海的Oasis 绿洲Offshore 离岸的Parallel 纬线Peninsula 半岛Precipice 悬崖Salinity 盐度Sediment 沉淀物Smelt 冶炼Strait 海峡Subsidiary 辅助的；补充的Subterrane 表层下基岩subterranean 地下的Tectonics 构造学Temperate 温带的Terrain 地形Terrestrial 地球的；陆地的Terrestrial magnetism 地磁Topography 地形；地形学Tropic 热带的Aluminum 铝Bonanza 富矿带Fault 断层Geologic survey 地质调查Geomagnetism 地磁学Granite 花岗岩Jurassic period 侏罗纪时期Landlocked area 内陆Lead 铅Limestone 石灰岩Lithosphere 岩石圈Lower reach 下游Metamorphic rock 变质岩Nickel 镍Northern Hemisphere 北半球Petrify 石化Platinum 白金；铂Quartz 石英Ravine 峡谷Reclaim 开垦Sedimentary rock 沉积岩Seismic prospecting 地震勘探Seismograph 地震仪Sodium 钠Speculate 推测Swamp 沼泽Sulfur 硫磺Tributary 支流Tropical rain forest 热带雨林Vertical 垂直的Watershed 分水岭Zinc 锌第六类法学Law庭审的三种方式：trial=prosecution 审判（private/public）、arbitration 仲裁、hearing 听证会Defendant 被告Prosecutor 刑事原告Plaintiff 民事原告Cop 警察Attorney 律师Judge 法官Suit 上诉Appeal 申诉appealent 申诉人Aerdict 陪审团意见Judgement 二审最终结果Jury panel 陪审团Capital punishment 极刑Sentence 刑期第七类商科Business and economyCompete competition competitorFree/pure compete 自由竞争Monopolistic compete 垄断竞争Supply and demand 供求Surplus 盈余Deficit 赤字run in redBoycott 联合抵制Devaluation 贬值Bubble economy 泡沫经济GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值GNP gross national product 国民生产总值CPI consumer price index 消费价格指数Anti-dumping 反倾销Revenue/duty/tax 税收The federal 美联储Marketing: do market research (segmentation 市场细分/high-eral/low-eral) Sales: pre-sales after-sales第八类文学LiteratureRealism 现实主义Surrealism 超现实主义Modernism 现代主义Postmodernism 后现代主义Romance of three kingdoms 三国演义Red dreams of mansion 红楼梦Western journey 西游记Outlaws of marsh 水浒传Biography 传记文学Autobiography 自传Essay 杂记Prose 散文Epic 史诗Criticism 文学评论Thriller 恐怖小说Detective story 侦探小说Novel/fiction（虚构的）小说Editorial 社论的Leading character 主人公Legend 传说Proverb 谚语Schools of literature 文学流派第九类艺术Music Accompaniment 伴奏Aestheticism 唯美主义Allegory 寓言Ballad 民谣Epilogue 尾声Serenade 小夜曲Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Time 节拍Architecture 建筑Art gallery 美术馆Autograph 真迹Calligraphy 书法Cathedral 大教堂Imitating 临摹Impressionistic style 印象派风格Landscape painting 山水画Mosque 清真寺Panorama 全景画Perspective 透视画法Portrait 肖像画Sketch 素描The statue of liberty 自由女神像The triumphal arch 凯旋门第十类哲学Philosophy Socrates 苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图Aristotle 亚里士多德The republic 理想国The law 法律Idealism 唯心主义Materialism 唯物主义Ration 理性emotion 感性第十一类气象学Meteorology Formation 形成Hail 冰雹Atmosphere 大气层Stratosphere 平流层Troposphere 对流层Current-air 气流Mass 气团warm/coldVapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发Droplet 小水珠Ice crystal 冰晶体Stratum 地层Updraft air 上升气流Downdraft air 下沉气流Temperate zone 温带Tropical 热带Frigid 寒带亚前加sub~Dew 露珠Mist 薄雾Drizzle 毛毛雨Avalanche snow 雪崩Tornado 龙卷风Blizzard 暴雪Tsunami 海啸Balmy 温和的Barometer 气压计Convection 对流Cumulonimbus 积雨云Damp 潮湿的Devastation 破坏Downpour 倾盆大雨Humidity 湿度Monsoon 季风Precipitation 降水Tempest 暴风雨Tepid 微温的Torrential rain 暴雨Tropical depression 热带低气压Typhoon 台风Wind scale 风级Wind velocity 风速第十二类天文学Astronomy Comet 彗星Star 恒星Planet 行星Mercury 水星Venus 金星Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星Planet solar system 太阳系Asteroid belt 小行星带Meteor 流星Rotation 自转Revolution 公转Galaxy 银河Light year 光年Constellation 星座Sign 属相Orbit 轨道Astrology 占星术Ammonia 氨Astronaut 宇航员Astronomical object 天体Big dipper 北斗七星Celestial 天上的celestial body 天体Centrifugal force 离心力Centripetal force 向心力第十三类生理学PhysiologyNeutron nerve cell 神经元细胞Conduct bioelectricity 传导生物电Gliacell 胶质细胞：support neutron、conduct chemistryNuclear 细胞核Cytoplasm 细胞质Membrane 细胞膜Cell-wall 细胞壁Enzyme 酶Chromosome 染色体Gene mutation 基因突变Mutation of species 物种突变第十四类物理、化学和农业Physics、Chemistry and Agriculture Element table 元素周期表Platinum 铂金Aluminum 铝Lead 铅Nickel 镍Magnesium 镁Sodium 钠Uranium 铀Calcium 钙Mercury 水银Oxygen 氧Nitrogen 氮Ammonia 氨Silicon 硅Sulfur 硫Atom 原子Molecule 分子Nuclear 核Proton 质子Neutron 中子Electron 电子Particle 粒子Acceleration 加速度Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度Acoustics 声学Anode 正极Cathode 负极Combustion 燃烧Conservation of energy 能量守恒Decomposition 分解Dilution 稀释Distillation 蒸馏Electrode 电极Fluorescence 荧光Inorganic chemistry 无机化学Isotope 同位素Magnet 磁铁Mechanics 力学Newton’s laws of motion 牛顿运动定律Optics 光学Reagent 试剂Reduction 还原Reflection 反射Refraction 折射Resonance 共振Solution 溶液Test tube 试管Ultrasonic 超声波Ultraviolet ray 紫外线Uniform motion 匀速运动Voltage 电压Aquaculture 水产业Arable 可耕的Conservatory 温室Fertile 肥沃的Fodder 饲料Garlic 大蒜Granary 谷仓Graze 放牧Haystack 干草堆Horticulture 园艺Husbandry 管理Hydroponics 水耕法Indigenous 本土的Livestock 家畜Orchard 果园Plantation 种植园Prolific 多产的Silt 淤泥Tractor 拖拉机。
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对话场景词汇：A：Office Hours 办公时间—Student & Professor 论文论文：thesis statement 论文陈述，中心句wander off topic [ˈwɔndə] [ɔ(:)f] [ˈtɔpik]v.跑题.look over a draft version 检查草拟版本catalog 目录draw up 得出结论疑难解答考试专业疑难解答：考试：re-take 重修选课与作业(见选课和注册办公室)：bird c ourse 轻松的课transfer 转系转专业enquiry [ɪn'kwaɪri]询问advisor’s approval [ə'pruvl]导师许可rigorous ['rɪɡərəs] adj. 严格的eligible ['ɛlɪdʒəbl] adj.合格的迟到或缺课：miss s omebody’s l ecture 缺课fill me in something 给我补课疑难解答：bulletin board ['bulitin]公告板school bulletin 学校公告栏rushing against the clock 忙碌check back 回顾记录; 再联系申请申请与志愿：scholarship/fellowship n.奖学金选课选课(见选课作业和注册办公室)：preparatory course [priˈpærətəri] [kɔ:s]n.预备课程：B：Service Encounter 服务咨询-- Student & Officer Library:图书馆reference room n.资料室the reference stacks [ˈrefərəns] [stæks]n.书库loan counter[ləun] [ˈkauntə] n.借书处loan period [ləun] [ˈpiəriəd] n.借书期限fine vt.罚款/n.罚金 charge =fee n.费用academics[ˌækəˈdemik]a.学术journal [ˈdʒə:nəl]n.期刊paperback n.平装本literature guide n.导读reference guide [ˈrefərəns] [gaid]n.参考指南published and unpublished data n.出版/未出版数据库precaution [prɪ'kɔʃən] n. 预防Bookstore：书店store c redit [stɔ:] [ˈkredit]n.商店退款；赊账购物retreat[riˈtri:t]n.退书Cafeteria：食堂restaurant /dining room[ˈdaɪnɪŋ][ru:m]n.餐厅deep f ried food [di:p] [fraid] [fu:d]n.油炸食物Registrar’s Office：注册办公室注册(见选课和考试选课作业)：field w ork [fild wɚk] /research [riˈsə:tʃ]n.实地研究academic record n. 学业成绩financial a id 助学金faculty advisor：指导老师生活指导facilities manager：后勤经理auditorium [ˌɔ:diˈtɔ:riəm]n.礼堂，会堂Counseling Center：咨询中心银行和工资counselor [ˈkaunsələ]n. 咨询员paycheck ['peitʃek]n. 薪水payroll [ˈpeirəul]n.工资单；薪水册Career Services Office:就业服务办公室实习与打工：intern n. 实习生career /job f air n.招聘会advancement =promotion [prəˈməuʃən]n.晋升Campus Activities.校园活动校内活动：off campus 校外commute [kə'mjʊt] v. 通勤flyers [ˈflaiəz]n.传单3 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版)讲座学科词汇：讲座场景A-- Art 艺术Art 艺术美术：fine art[fain] [ɑ:t]n.美术academy [əˈkædəmi] n.学院；研究院studio[ˈstju:diəu] n.工作室；画室salon [səˈlɔn] n.沙龙，美术展览馆the Renaissance [ˌrɛnəˈzans] n.文艺复兴tribal a rt [ˈtraibəl][ɑ:t]n.部落艺术abstract a rt [ˈæbstrækt][ɑ:t]n.抽象派avant-garde[,ævɔŋ'ɡɑ:d] n.前卫派realism [ˈriəlizəm] n 现实主义impressionism [ɪmˈpreʃənɪz(ə)m] n.印象主义impressionistic style[ɪm,preʃə'nɪstɪk]印象派风格Dadaism. [ˈdɑːdəizəm] n.达达派，达达主义neoclassical [ˈniːəuklæsikəl] adj.新古典主义的realistic [riəˈlistik] adj.现实主义的minimalist ['mɪnɪm(ə)lɪst]n.简单抽象派艺术家precursor[prɪ'kɜːsə]n.先驱figurehead ['fɪgəhed] 名誉领袖critic['krɪtɪk] n.批评家amateur [‘æmətə] n. 业余艺术家oil painting 油画water c olor 水彩画engraving [ɪn'greɪvɪŋ;e n-] n.版画mural painting['mjʊər(ə)l] / fresco['freskəʊ]n.壁画cave art [keiv] [ɑ:t]n.洞穴壁画charcoal drawing ['tʃɑːkəʊl]木炭画sketch[sketʃ] n.速写/素描caricature ['kærɪkətjʊə; 'kærɪkətʃɔː] n.漫画animatorn.漫画家panorama [pænə'rɑːmə] n. 全景画sculpture [ˈskʌlptʃə]n.雕塑statue ['stætjuː;-tʃuː]n.塑像bust [bʌst] n.半身雕塑像sculptor n.雕塑家decoration [ˌdekəˈreiʃən]= adornment[əˈdɔ:nmənt] n.装饰品stained g lass [steɪnd `glæs ]n.彩色玻璃weaving[ˈwiː.vɪŋ] n.织动，编织mosaic [məuˈzei-ik] n.马赛克ceramics[siˈræmiks]n.制陶术，制陶业reproduction /r eplica [riːprə'dʌkʃ(ə)n]['replɪkə]复制品brushstroke [brʌʃ] [strəuk] n.一笔，绘画技巧texture [ˈtekstʃə] n.质地，纹理perspective [pə'spektɪv]透视画法brush[brʌʃ] n. 画笔drawing b oard 画板canvas [ˈkænvəs]n.画布，帆布indigo ['ɪndɪgəʊ] 靛蓝layer [‘leiə] n. 垫片，层framing['freɪmɪŋ] n.装框paste [peɪst] v.裱糊scene [si:n] n.景色nature s cene [ˈneitʃə] [si:n] n.场景，景色landscape[ˈlændskeip] n.风景posture [ˈpɔstʃə] n.姿势facial [ˈfeiʃəl] a dj. 面部的，表面的gesture [‘dʒestʃə] n.造型printing press [ˈprintiŋ][pres] n.印刷机lightproof [‘laitpru:f] adj.不透光image [‘imidʒ] n. 影像prehistory [ˈpriːhistəri] n.史前era [ˈiərə]n.时代；年代；纪元season [‘si:zən] n. 适合某种活动的季节,期间 rank [ræŋk]v.分等级appeal [ə’pi:l] v.对……有吸引力make a name [meik] [ə] [ˈneim]v.出名，成名clergy [ˈklə:dʒi] n.神职人员；牧师；僧侣Christian Church: [ˈkristʃən] [tʃə:tʃ] n.基督教教会monastery [ˈmɔnəstri] n.修道院；僧侣prayer book [ˈpreə] [buk] n.祈祷书knight [nait]n. 骑兵，骑士戏剧电影摄影：drama [‘drɑ:mə]n.戏剧dramaturge [‘dræmə’tə:dʒ] n.剧作家tragedy [‘trædʒidi] n.悲剧puppet s how [‘pʌpit-ʃəu] n.木偶剧script [skript] n.剧本early version [ˈə:li] [ˈvə:ʃən]n.早期版本 theatrical text[θi’ætrikəl-tekst] n.戏剧文本producer [prə’dju:sə] n. 制片人film [film]n.=movie [ˈmu:vi]n.=motion picture [ˈməuʃən] [ˈpiktʃə]n.电影production [prə’dʌkʃən] n.作品，成品，电影制片director [di’rektə] n.导演documentarist[ˏdɔkjʊˋmentərɪst] n.纪录片导演documentary [ˌdɔkjuˈmentəri]n.纪录片portray [pɔ:ˈtrei] vt.描绘，扮演cast [kɑ:st]v. 指定角色audition [ɔ:’diʃən] v. 在试演中评估某一人物 performer[pə’fɔ:mə] n.表演者acrobat [‘ækrəbæt] n.杂技演员juggler [‘dʒʌɡlə] n. 玩杂耍的人mime [maim] n. 滑稽演员，哑剧演员，丑角clown [klaun] n. 小丑puppeteer [pʌpi’tiə] n. 演木偶戏的人pantomime[‘pæntəmaim] n.哑剧表演minstrel [‘minstrəl] n. 诗歌演唱者 audience [ˈɔ:diəns]n.观众，听众，读者theater [ˈθiətə]n. =cinema [ˈsinimə] n.电影院scenery [‘si:nəri] n.舞台布景imitation [‘imi’teiʃən] n.道具costume [‘kɔstju:m] n.装束makeup [‘meikʌp] n.化妆品characteristic [ˌkæriktəˈristik] n.特征，特质 stereotype:[ˈsteriətaip] n.刻板印象，成见，定型行为hybrid[ˈhaibrid]n.混合；混血narration [nəˈreiʃən] n.叙事，讲述standard [ˈstændəd] n.标准framework [‘freimwə:k] n.结构photography [fəˈtɔgrəfi] n.摄影film [film] n. 胶片expose [iks’pəuz] v. 曝光，暴露exposure [iks’pəuʒə] n.曝光sensitized p aper [‘sensitaizd-'peipə] n. 感光纸emulsion [i’mʌlʃən] n. 感光乳剂high-tech [haɪˈtek] n.高科技equipment[iˈkwipmənt] n.设备processing [prəu’sesiŋ] n.处理 entertain [‘entə’tein] v.娱乐pioneer [ˌpaiəˈniə]n.先驱innovator [ˋɪnəʊveɪtə(r)] n.改革者inventor 发明家 mechanic[mɪ'kænɪk] 机械工proprietor[prə'praɪətə] 业主 feminist ['fɛmənɪst] 女权主义者humanitarian [hjʊ,mænɪ'teərɪən] 人道主义者apprentice [ə'prentɪs]学徒disciple[dɪ'saɪp(ə)l]n.学徒crew [kru:] n.全体人员mortal ['mɔːt(ə)l] 犯人renowned[riˈnaund]a dj. 著名的household adj.家庭的/家喻户晓的 classic adj.经典的traditional [trəˈdiʃənəl]adj.传统的immortal[ɪ'mɔːt(ə)l] adj.不朽的/神 unique adj.唯一的/独特的versatile ['vɜːsətaɪl] adj.（人）多才多艺的（物）多功能的innocent ['ɪnəs(ə)nt] adj.天真的/无罪的 romantic adj.浪漫的odd adj.怪诞的/奇数的erratic [ɪ'rætɪk] adj.奇怪的eccentric [ɪk'sentrɪk; e k-] a dj.古怪的weird adj.怪异的/不可思议的emotional adj.情绪的/情感的emotive adj.感人的sentimental[sentɪ'ment(ə)l] adj.感伤的/多愁善感的 cheerless adj.无精打采的/无生命力的clumsy['klʌmzɪ] adj.笨拙的rigid['rɪdʒɪd] adj.僵化的 spare[speə] adj.简朴的 zigzag ['zɪgzæg] adj.曲折的symbolic [sɪm'bɒlɪk] adj.象征性的contemplative[ˈkɔntempleitiv] adj.沉思的；冥想的sarcastic [sɑ:ˈkæstik,sɑr-] adj. 讽刺的authentic [ɔ:ˈθentik] adj.真正的，真实的；可信的accessible [əkˈsesəbəl] adj.易接近的；可进入的；可理解的daydream [ˈdeɪdriːm]n.白日梦nightmare [ˈnaitmeə] n.噩梦音乐：Musicfolk m usic 民间音乐hillbilly music ['hɪlbɪlɪ] 乡村音乐chamber m usic [ˈtʃeimbə] [ˈmju:zik] n.室内音乐symphony [ˈsimfəni] n. 交响乐Broadway musical: [ˈbrɔ:dwei] [ˈmju:zikəl]n.百老汇音乐剧musician [mju(:)ˈziʃən] n.音乐家composer [kəmˈpəuzə]n.作曲家；作家critic [ˈkritik]n.评论家；批评者choir [ˈkwaiə] n. 合唱队chorus [ˈkɔ:rəs] =choir[ˈkwaiə]n.合唱队noten.音符step [step] n.音级scale [skeil] n.音阶tone [təun] n.音调pitch [pitʃ] n.音高volume [‘vɔlju:m] n.音量 register [‘redʒistə] n.音域 solo ['səʊləʊ]独奏/独唱harmony n.和声chord[kɔːd] n.和弦melody [ˈmelədi] n. 旋律；歌曲 rhythm ['riðəm,'riθəm]n.节奏韵律rhythmic patterns ['riðmik - 'pætənz] n. 有节奏的模式notation [nəu’teiʃən] n.谱号 (musical notation: 音乐记谱) score [skɔ:] n.乐谱composition [‘kɔmpə’ziʃən] n.乐曲movement n. 乐章lullaby['lʌləbaɪ]催眠曲sonata [sə'nɑːtə]奏鸣曲 serenade[serə'neɪd] 小夜曲vocal music 声乐band music / wind music 管乐orchestra [ˈɔ:kistrə]n. 管弦乐队 conducting 指挥 podium['pəʊdɪəm] 指挥台accompaniment [ə'kʌmp(ə)nɪm(ə)nt] n.伴奏musical instrument 乐器string instrument [striŋ][ˈinstrumənt] n.弦乐器keyboard instrument 键盘乐器percussion instrument [pəˈkʌʃən] [ˈinstrumənt] n.打击乐器violin [ˌvaiəˈlin] n.小提琴；小提琴手viola [viˈəulə] n.中提琴，中提琴演奏者cello [ˈtʃeləʊ] n.大提琴fhorn 号；喇叭clarinet [klæriˈnet] n.单簧管；竖笛，黑管pound drum 击鼓formal [ˈfɔ:məl]adj.正式的improvisational [ˏɪmprəvaɪˋzeɪʃənəl]adj.即兴的fanatical [fə'nætikl] 狂热的建筑：Architecturearchitect [ˈɑ:kitekt] n.建筑师building technique 建筑工艺crafting n. 工艺；手工aesthetic [i:s’θetik] adj.美学的school [sku:l] n.学派guild [ɡild]n.协会 design 设计design element 设计元素nterior design [in’tiəriə-di'zain] n.室内设计construct [kən'strʌkt]n.结构compact s tructure [ˈkɔmpækt] [ˈstrʌktʃə] n.紧凑的结构component [kəm’pəunənt] n.零件，构件composing [kəm'pəuziŋ]n.组成tension [‘tenʃən] n.绷紧状态cube [kjuːb]n.立方体facade [fə’sɑ:d] n.（建筑物的）外立面，尤指正面alignment [ə’lainmənt] n.直线排列parallel [‘pærəlel] adj.平行的fine [fain] adj.（区别）微小的；细微的flat [flæt] a dj.扁平的immense [i’mens] adj.极大的molten [‘məultən] adj.熔化的；熔融的archives['a:kaivz]档案馆 planetarium[,plænɪ'teərɪəm] 天文馆aquarium [ə'kweərɪəm]水族馆skyscraper [‘skai’skreipə] n.摩天大楼office b uilding 写字楼cabin['kæbɪn]n. 小木屋cathedral[kə'θiːdr(ə)l] n.大教堂mosque[mɒsk] 清真寺7 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版) castle ['kɑːs(ə)l]n.城堡 Gothic [‘ɡɔθik] adj.哥特式的10 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版)pyramid 金字塔the statue of l iberty 自由女神像the triumphal arch[ɑːtʃ]凯旋门celebrated [‘selibreitid] adj.著名的roof [ru:f] n.屋顶dome [dəum] n.穹顶 arch [ɑ:tʃ] n.拱（连柱的）ceiling [‘si:liŋ] n.天花板marble slab ['mɑːbl-slæb] n.大理石板skeleton [‘skelitn]n.框架结构整体框架steel girder [sti:l][ˈgə:də] n.钢梁metal-frame 金属结构mat [mæt] n.垫子pedestal ['pedistəl] n. 基架，基座doorway [‘dɔ:wei] n.门口corridor [‘kɔridɔ:] n.走廊staircase [‘stɛəkeis] n.楼梯electric elevator [i’lektrik - ‘eliveitə] n.电梯dwelling [‘dwelɪŋ] n.住处，居住空间fountain [‘fauntin]n.喷泉lamp [læmp] n.灯chimney [‘tʃimni] n.烟囱drainer [‘dreinə] n.下水道装置,滤水器sewer [sjuə] n.排水沟pipeline [‘paiplain] n.管道，输送管道canal [kə’næl]n.运河timber [‘timbə] n.木材splint [splint] n.薄木条lime [laim] n.石灰 plaster [‘plɑ:stə] n.石膏mortar [‘mɔ:tə] n.砂浆, 灰浆tile [tail] n.饰面砖，瓷砖fiber [‘faibə] n.纤维hemp [hemp] n.大麻纤维new m aterial 新材料prototype['prəʊtətaɪp] n.原型 portrait [‘pɔ:trit] n.肖像sphinx[sfɪŋks] n.狮身人面像sculpt [skʌlpt] v.雕刻pastel [pæs’tel] n.彩色蜡笔画 parchment [‘pɑ:tʃmənt] n.羊皮纸decoration [ˌdekəˈreiʃən]= adornment[əˈdɔ:nmənt] n.装饰品pour [pɔ:] v.浇注erect [i’rekt] v.竖立，建立hammer [‘hæmə] v.锤打imold [məuld] v.塑造cohere [kəu’hiə] v.粘合converge [kən’və:dʒ] v.聚合于，集中于一点span [spæn] v.（桥、拱等）横跨fabric w eaving [‘fæbrik- 'wiːviŋ]n.纺织，编织城市规划：City Planninglayout [ˈleiaut]n.布局downtown [ˈdaunˈtaun]n.市中心 suburb [ˈsʌbə:b] n.郊外country =rural area[ˈkʌntri]= [ˈruərəl] [ˈɛəriə]n.农村residential a rea[ˌreziˈdenʃəl] [ˈɛəriə]n. 住宅区local resident[ˈləukəl] [ˈrezidənt] n.当地居民dweller [ˈdwelə]n.居民inhabitant [inˈhæbitənt]n.居民sidewalk[ˈsaidwɔ:k]n.人行道pedestrian mall [piˈdestriən] [mɔ:l] n.步行街off-limits[ˌɒfˈlɪm.ɪts]n.禁区，禁止进入transportation hub [ˌtrænspə:ˈteiʃən] [hʌb]n.中转港bus terminal [bʌs] [ˈtə:minəl]n.公车终点站facilitate [fə’siliteit] v.提供便利privately owned [‘praivitli-əund] adj.私有的publicly owned [‘pʌblikli:-əund] adj.公有的public utility [‘pʌblik-ju’tiliti] n.公用事业vehicle [‘vi:ikl] n.交通工具parking area/lot[ˈpɑːkiŋ][ˈɛəriə]/ [lɔt]=car park [kɑ:] [pɑ:k] =stopping place [ˈstɔpiŋ] [pleis]n.停车场automobile [ˈɔ:təməubi:l]=car [kɑ:]=vehicle [ˈvi:ikəl]n. 汽车subway station [ˈsʌbwei] [ˈsteiʃən]=underground[ˌʌndəˈgraund]n.地铁10 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版)文学：Literature creategenre [ˈʒɔnrə]n.文体fairy tale[ˈfeə.ri.teɪl]n.童话；神话folk t ale [fəulk] [teil]n.民间故事mythology [miˈθɔlədʒi] n.神话；神话学；神话集allegory [ˈæliɡəri] n.寓言legend [ˈledʒənd] n.传说novel [ˈnɔvəl]=fiction [ˈfikʃən]n.小说science fiction[ˈsaiəns] [ˈfikʃən]n.科幻小说11 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版)prose n.= e ssay [ˈesei]n.散文descriptive prose [dɪ'skrɪptɪv] 描写性散文narrative prose ['nærətɪv] 叙述性散文poetry [ˈpəuitri]=poem[ˈpəuim]n.诗歌autobiography[ɔːtəbaɪ'ɒgrəfɪ] n. 人物传记character sketch [ˈkæriktə] [sketʃ]n.素描，人物速写”lyrics [ˈliriks]n.抒情诗ballad ['bæləd]民谣 proverb ['prɒvɜːb]谚语editorial [ˌediˈtɔ:riəl] n. 社论type [taip]n.类型style [stail]n.风格works[wə:ks]n.作品author [ˈɔ:θə]n.作者story tellers [ˈstɔːriˌtelə] n.说故事的人satirist ['sætərɪst]讽刺作家biographer [baɪ'ɒɡrəfə] 自传作家imagist ['imidʒist] 意象派诗人troubadour [ˈtruːbəduə] n.行吟诗人literacy [ˈlitərəsi] n.读写能力；精通文学 literary criticism 文学批评literary s tudies 文学研究comment [ˈkɔment]n.评论schools o f l iterature 文学流派realism['rɪəlɪz(ə)m] 现实主义surrealism [sə'rɪəlɪz(ə)m] 超现实主义modernism['mɒd(ə)nɪz(ə)m]现代主义aestheticism[iːs'θetɪsɪz(ə)m; es-]唯美主义character[ˈkæriktə]n. 人物,角色，性格leading character 主人公major/main character[ ˈ meid ʒə ]/ [mein] [ ˈ kærikt ə]=round c haracter[raund] [ˈkæriktə]n.主角minor characters[ ˈmain ə][ ˈkæriktə]=flat character[flæt] [ˈkæriktə] n.配角characters’personalities[ˈkæriktəs] [ˌpə:səˈnæliti]n.人物个性people’s trait [ˈpi:plz][treit]n.人物特质 model n.人物原型stereotype: [ˈsteriətaip] n.刻板印象，成见，定型行为background [ˈbækgraund]n.背景setting [ˈsetiŋ]n.场景 prelude ['preljuːd]序曲 prologue['prəʊlɒg]n.序言main p lot [plɔt]n 主要情节obligatory scene[əˈbligəˌtəri] [si:n]n.必须的情节incident [ˈinsidənt]n.事件.ending[ˈendiŋ]= denouement [deiˈnu:mɑŋ] n.结局quotation [kwəuˈteiʃən]n.引用语fortune[ˈfɔ:tʃənət]n.命运，运气servant [ˈsə:vənt]n.仆人master [ˈmɑ:stə]n.主人 royalty [ˈrɔiəlti]n.皇室 prince [ˈprins]n.王子 princess [ˌprinˈses]n.公主 knight[nait]n.骑兵，骑士chivalry [ˈʃivəlri] n.侠气，骑士精神clergy [ˈklə:dʒi] n.神职人员；牧师；僧侣religion [riˈlidʒən] n.宗教；宗教信仰Christian Church: [ˈkristʃən] [tʃə:tʃ] n.基督教教会museum [mju(:)ˈziəm]n.博物馆entertainment[ˌe ntəˈteinm ən t]=recreation [ ˌr ekri ˈeiʃən]=amusement [əˈmju:zmənt]n.娱乐formula [ˈfɔ:mjulə]n.准则，公式universal truth[ˌju:niˈvə:səl] [tru:θ]n.真理the inciting [ðə][inˈsait iŋ]n.刺激logical [ˈlɔdʒikəl]adj.合乎逻辑的 appreciate [əˈpri:ʃieit]vt.欣赏戏剧（见艺术电影摄影）：drama[ˈdrɑ:mə]=theater[ˈθiətə]=play [plei]n.戏剧opera [ˈɔpərə]n.歌剧well-made play[wel] [meid] [plei]n.佳构剧 comedy[ˈkɔmidi]n.喜剧portray[pɔ:ˈtrei]vt.描绘舞蹈：Danceballet[bæˈleɪ]n.芭蕾舞toeshoe [ˋtəʊʃuː] n.芭蕾舞鞋choreography [ˌkɔriˈɔgrəfi]n.编舞 choreographer[,kɔri'ɔɡrəfə] 舞蹈编排家12 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版)讲座场景B-- S ocial S cience 社会科学考古：ArchaeologyStone Age 石器时代Paleolithic [,pælɪəʊ'lɪθɪk]旧石器时代的the Paleolithic period/age [ðə] [ˌpæliəuˈliθik] [ˈpiəriəd]/ [eidʒ]= the Old/late Stone Age [ðə] [əuld]/ [leit] [stəun] [eidʒ]n.旧石器时代Mesolithic [ˌmɛsəʊˈlɪθɪk]中石器时代的 Neolithic[ˌniːəʊˈlɪθɪk]新石器时代的the Neolithic period/age [ðə] [ˌni:əuˈliθik][ˈpiəriəd]/ [eidʒ]=New stone age [nju:] [stəun] [eidʒ]n.新石器时代Bronze Age [brɒnz]（青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代primitive [ˈprimitiv]n.原始人，adj 原始的ancestor[ˈænsɛstə]祖先cave m an 山顶洞人nomad [ˈnəumæd]n.游牧民 clan [klæn]氏族tribe [traɪb]部落alliance [əˈlaiəns]=federation [ˌfedəˈreiʃən]n.联盟homogeneous [ˌhəʊməˈdʒiːnɪəs ˌhɒm-]同一种族（种类）的archeologist [,ɑ:ki'ɔlədʒist]考古学家antiquity [ænˈtɪkwɪtɪ]古代，古老ancient civilization [,sɪvələ'zeʃən]古代文明grave= t omb [greiv]= [tu:m]n.坟墓ruins [ˈruːɪn]遗迹，废墟 remains [rɪ'meɪnz]遗产/遗骸 skull [skʌl]颅骨cranial ['kreɪnɪəl]颅骨的historicalrelic [hisˈtɔrikəl] [ˈrelik]n.遗迹 cultural relics ['rɛliks]文物relic [ˈrɛlɪk]遗物，文物antique [æn'tiːk]古物/古董artifact [ˈɑːtɪˌfækt]手工艺品utensil [ju:ˈtensəl]n.餐具，炊具cooking container [ˈkukiŋ] [kənˈteinə]n.容器canoe [kəˈnu:]独木舟obsidian [ɔbˈsidiən]n.黑曜石covert ['kʌvət]n. 隐藏处shelter [ˈʃeltə] n.庇护所 religion [riˈlidʒən]n.宗教ritual [‘ritʃuəl] n.（宗教）仪式originate [əˈrɪdʒɪˌneɪt]起源于inhabit [inˈhæbit]vt.居住于bury[ˈberi]v.埋葬excavate / unearth v.挖掘 excavation [ˌekskəˈveiʃən]n.挖掘历史：Historyera [ˈiərə]n.时代；年代；纪元 prehistory[ˈpriːhistəri] n.史前ancient Rome/Greek [ˈeinʃənt] [rəum]/ [gri:k]n. 古罗马/希腊medieval [,medi'i:vəl,]adj. 中世纪Europe[ˈjuərəp] n.欧洲Britain [ˈbritən]n.英国Italy [ˈitəli] n. 意大利Rome(Roma) [rəum] n. 罗马 Greek [gri:k] n. 希腊Egypt [ˈi:dʒipt] n.埃及France [ˈfræns] n.法国Germany [ˈdʒə:məni] n.德国 Spain [spein] n.西班牙Turkey[ˈtə:ki] n.土耳其（Turkish）Netherlands[ˈneðələndz] =Holland [ˈhɔlənd] n. 荷兰（Dutch 荷兰人）Canada [ˈkænədə] n.加拿大（Canadian [kəˈneidiən] n. 加拿大人）Mount Rushmore 拉什莫尔山（位于美国南达科他州）总统山；13 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版)人类学：Anthropologyanthropologist [ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst]人类学家ecological anthropologist [ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl]生态人类学家paleoanthropologist [ˌpælɪəʊˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪ]古人类学家14 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版)psychological anthropologist [ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl]心理人类学家Native American [ˈneitiv][əˈmerikən]n. 美洲原住民，印第安人patriarchal [,peitri'ɑ:kəl]adj.家长的/族长的哲学：Philosophyphilosophy [fi'lɔsəfi,fə-]n. 哲学；哲理；人生观Aristotle’s ethical theory [ˈæristɔtlz] [ˈeθikəl] [ˈθiəri]n.伦理学Ancient Greek philosopher [ˈeinʃənt] [gri:k] [fiˈlɔsəfə]n.古希腊哲学家Socrates[ˈsɔkrəti:z]苏格拉底；Plato [ˈpleitəu]柏拉图；Aristotle [ˈæristɔtl]亚里士多德ideology [ˌaɪdɪˈɒlədʒɪ]意识形态intellect ['intəlekt]n. 智力，理解力；知识分子；思维逻辑领悟力；智力高的happiness [ˈhæpinis]n.幸福fame [feim]n. 名声，名望external [ik'stə:nəl]adj. 外部的；表面的optimism ['ɔptimizəm] n. 乐观；乐观主义心理学：Psychologybaby[ˈbeibi]=infant[ˈinfənt]=nursling [ˈnəːsliŋ]n.婴儿kid [kid]n.儿童teenager [ˈti:neidʒə]n.十三至十九岁的人young people [jʌŋ] [ˈpi:pl]n.年轻人adult [əˈdʌlt]n.成年人old people [əuld] [ˈpi:pl]=the aged[ ði:] [eidʒd]=elderly people [ˈeldəli] [ˈpi:pl]=senior c itizens [ˈsi:niə] [ˈsitizənz]老年人 mature[məˈtjuə]vt.使成熟majority [məˈdʒɒrɪtɪ]n.多数人 minority [maɪˈnɒrɪtɪmɪ-]n.少数人 conformity [kənˈfɔːmɪtɪ]n.从众individual [ˌindiˈvidʒuəl]n. 个体，个人self-reliance [‘self-ri’lains] n. 依靠自己，自立participate [pɑ:’tisipeit] v.参与behaviorism [bɪˈheɪvɪərɪz(ə)m]n.行为主义 psychoanalysis [ˌsaikəuəˈnælisis]n.精神分析egocentric [ˌi:gəuˈsentrik]adj.自我中心的；利己主义的mental p rocesses: [ˈmentl][ˈprəuses]n.心理历程mental [ˈmentl]心理的founder [ˈfaundə]n.创始人Archimedes [ˌɑːkiˈmiːdiːz]n.阿基米德mental p rocess[ˈmentl][ˈprəuses]n.思维过程thought[θɔ:t]n.思想，想法cognition [kɔɡˈniʃən]n.认识cognitive c apacity [ˈkɔgnitiv] [kəˈpæsiti]n.认知能力ideomotor action[ˌaidiəˈməutə] [ˈækʃən]n.意识，观念运动motivation [,məuti'veiʃən]n. 动机；积极性；推动intention [in’tenʃən] n.意图，目的intuitive [inˈtju:itiv]adj.直觉的hypotheses[haiˈpɔθisis]n.假定；臆测conscience[ˈkɔnʃəns]n.道德心，良心 virtuous['və:tʃuəs]adj. 善良的；有道德的curiosity [ˌkjuəriˈɔsiti]n.好奇心15 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版) generous [ˈdʒenərəs]adj.慷慨的，大方identity[aiˈdentiti]n.身份；同一性fame [feim]n.名声，名望spiritual [ˈspɪrɪtjʊəl]心灵的soul [səul]n. 灵魂；心灵physical [ˈfɪzɪkəl]身体的，物质的，物理的behavior[bi'heivjə]n. 行为，举止；habit[ˈhæbit]n.习惯muscle [ˈmʌsəl]n.肌肉sign language[sain] [ˈlæŋgwidʒ]n.手语，符号语音throat[θrəut]n.喉咙，嗓子laryngeal [ læˈrindʒiəl]adj.喉部larynx [ˈlæriŋks]=v oice b ox [vɔis] [bɔks]喉头subjective [səbˈdʒektiv]adj.主观的objective [ɔbˈdʒektiv]adj.客观的positive/negative electrode [ˈpɔzətiv]/ [ˈnegətiv] [ɪˈlektrəʊd]正/负电极maze [meiz]= labyrinth [ˈlæbərinθ]n.迷宫questionnaire[ˌkwestʃəˈneə]n.问卷 subject [ˈsʌbdʒɪkt]n.受实验对象disadvantage [ˌdisədˈvɑ:ntidʒ]n.缺点obsession [əbˈseʃən]n.困扰deaf [def]adj. 聋的blind[blaind]adj.盲abnormal [æbˈnɔ:məl]adj.反常的distracted [diˈstrækt]adj.心烦意乱的child a mnesia[tʃaild] [æmˈni:ziə] n儿童健忘症，记忆缺失语言学：linguistics [liŋˈgwistiks].语言学Proto-Indo-European: [prəʊ.təʊ-] [ˈɪndəʊ] [juərəˈpi:ən]n.原始印欧语grammar [ˈgræmə]n.语法16 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版) verb[və:b]v.动词 noun [naun]n.名词adjective [ˈædʒiktiv]n.形容词经济学 Economics 商业 Businessmerchant[ˈmə:tʃənt]n.商人adman [ˈædmæn]n.广告人bidder [ˈbidə]n.投标者client [ˈklaiənt]n.客户potential customer [pəˈtenʃəl] [ˈkʌstəmə]n.潜在客户skilled labor [skild][ˈleibə]n.熟练工人business owner=employer [ˈbiznis][ˈəunə] = [imˈplɔiə]老板business conference [ˈbiznis][ˈkɔnfərəns] =seminar[ˈseminɑ:]n.会议industrial revolution [inˈdʌstriəl] [ˌrevəˈlu:ʃən]n.工业革命，产业革命industry [ˈindəstri]n.产业，工业 infrastructure[ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə]n.基础设施industry c luster: [ˈindəstri] [ˈklʌstə]n.产业集群alliance[əˈlaiəns]=federation [ˌfedəˈreiʃən]n.联盟collaborate [kəˈlæbəreit]vi.合作；协作 urbanization[ˌəːbənaiˈzeiʃən]n.都市化prosper[ˈprɔspə]vi.繁荣flourish ['flauriʃ]n. 兴旺；茂盛affluence['æflʊəns]n.富裕，富足poverty [ˈpɔvəti]n.贫困boom and bust [bu:m] [ænd] [bʌst] 繁荣与萧条collapse[kəˈlæps]n./vt.崩溃out o f b usiness 歇业，破产outofwork [aut] [əv, ə, ɔv] [wə:k]n.失业Great Depression [greit] [diˈpreʃən]n.大萧条dotcom crash [ðə][dɒtˈkɒm] [kræʃ]n.互联网泡沫tulip mania[ˈtju:lip][ˈmeiniə]n.狂热irrational [iˈræʃənəl]adj.不理性的sophisticated [sə'fɪstɪkeɪtɪd]adj.世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的speculation [ˌspekjuˈleiʃən]n.投机conflict[kən'flikt,'kɔnflikt]n.冲突variation[ˌveəriˈeiʃən]n.变种panic [ˈpænik]n.恐慌consumerism[kən'sjuːmərɪz(ə)m]n.消费主义gardening=horticulture [ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ]=[ˈhɔ:tiˌkʌltʃə]n.园艺remote mountainous region[riˈməut] [ˈmauntinəs] [ˈri:dʒən]n.偏远山区brand=trademark [brænd]= [ˈtreidmɑ:k]n.品牌，商标product[ˈprɔdʌkt]n.产品commodity [kəˈmɔditi]n.商品luxury[ˈlʌkʃəri]n.奢侈品specimen [ˈspesəmən]n.样本service[ˈsə:vis]n.服务17 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版)native to [ˈneitiv][tu]原产至hail f rom[heil] [frɔm]来自于，出产于retail [ˈri:teil,riˈteil]n.v.零售promissory note [ˈprɔmisəri][nəut]n.本票revenue[ˈrevinju:]=income[ˈinkʌm]n.收入disposable income [di'spəuzəbl] [ˈinkʌm] -money [ˈmʌni]n.可支配收入per capita [pəˈkæpɪtə]人均 subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平subsistence [səb'sɪst(ə)ns]n.存活，生活 annual budget[ˈænjuəl] [ˈbʌdʒit]n.年度预算borrowing[ˈbɔrəuiŋ]n.借款bank loan [bæŋk] [ləʊn]银行贷款 interest ['intrist, 'intər-]利息check [tʃek]支票；收据；账单cost [kɔst]n.成本rent [rent] n.租金 tax [tæks]n.税金 profit [ˈprɔfit]n.利润withdraw [wɪð'drɔː]从银行账户中提款annual budget [ˈænjuəl] [ˈbʌdʒit]n.年度预算tax incentive[tæks] [inˈsentiv]n.税收优惠federal subsidy[ˈfedərəl] [ˈsʌbsidi]=financial assistance[fəˈnænʃəl] [əˈsistəns]n.财政资助//补贴foundation [faunˈdeiʃən]=fund [fʌnd]n.基金会the National Endowment for the Artsfoundation[ðə][ˈnæʃən(ə)l] [inˈdaumənt] [fə] [ðə] [ɑːts]n.美国艺术基金会gold [gəuld]n.金子（区：goal 目标）monetary[ˈmʌnitəri]adj.货币的，财政的commercial [kəˈmə:ʃəl]adj.商业的；营利的 guarantee [ˌgærənˈti:]v.担保mortgage [ˈmɔ:gidʒ]n./vt.抵押auction [ˈɔ:kʃən]n./vt.拍卖patron [ˈpeitrən]=sponsor [ˈspɔnsə]n.赞助人patronage[ˈpætrənɪdʒ]n.资助，赞助mass communications [mæs] [kəˌmju:niˈkeiʃənz]大众传播工具media [ˈmi:diə]=communication[kəˌmju:niˈkeiʃən]n.媒体advertisement [ədˈvə:tismənt]n.广告advertising plan [ˈædvətaiziŋ][plæn]n.广告策划billboard [ˈbilbɔːd]n.公告牌slogan [ˈsləugən]n.标语；呐喊声target age group [ˈtɑ:git][eidʒ] [gru:p]n.目标年龄群market r esearch/survey [ˈmɑ:kit][riˈsə:tʃ]/ [ˈsə:vei]市场调查statistics [stə’tistiks] n.统计学社会学：Sociologymeme[mi:m]n.文化基因 longevity[lɔnˈdʒeviti]n.寿命fecundity[fiˋkʌndətɪ]n.繁殖力，复制能力fidelity [fiˈdeliti]n.保真度，精准accuracy ['ækjurəsi]n. [数] 精确度，准确性calendar ['kælində]n. 日历；[天] 历法；Jupiter ['dʒu:pitə]n. [天] 木星；朱庇特（罗马神话中的宙斯神）monumental [,mɔnju'mentəl]adj. 不朽的；纪念碑的；非常的enormous [i'nɔ:məs]adj. 庞大的，巨大的；凶暴的，极恶的政治类：PoliticsAmerican Revolution 美国革命/独立战争Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战the S econd W orld W ar 第二次世界大战military [ˈmɪlɪtərɪ-trɪ]adj.军事的warrior ['wɔriə,'wɔ:-]n. 战士fifty states 55 个州federal system [ˈfɛdərəl]联邦制Congress [ˈkɒŋgrɛs]美国国会Senate [ˈsɛnɪt]参议院Democrats [ˈdɛməˌkræt]民主党Republicans [rɪˈpʌblɪkən]共和党 election [ɪˈlɛkʃən]选举vote [vəʊt]投票 veto [ˈviːtəʊ]否决council[ˈkaunsəl]n.委员会legislation [ˌlɛdʒɪsˈleɪʃən]立法constitution [ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən]宪法justice ['dʒʌstis]n. 司法，法律制裁diplomat[ˈdipləmæt]n.外交官bureaucracy [bjuˈrɔkrəsi]n.官僚主义 anarchism [ˈænəˌkɪzəm]n.无政府主义centralized ['sentrəlaizd]adj.中央集权的radical[ˈrædɪkəl]adj.激进的,根本的patriotic [,pætri'ɔtik]adj. 爱国的inspire [in'spaiə]vt. 激发；鼓舞； release [rɪˈliːs]v.释放colonize [ˈkɒləˌnaɪz]v.拓殖，殖民immigrant [ˈɪmɪgrənt]n.移民social status [‘səuʃəl-’steitəs] n.社会地位讲座场景 C—Life Science 生命科学动物学：biology[baɪ'ɑlədʒi]生物学 speciology [ˌspi:ʃi'ɔlədʒi]n. 物种学zoology [zəuˈɔlədʒi]n.动物学microbiology[,maɪkrobaɪ'ɑlədʒi]微生物学 marine biology 海洋生物学entomology [ˌentəˈmɔlədʒi]n. 昆虫学ornithology[,ɔrnɪ'θɑlədʒi] n.鸟类学cell biology [sel-bai’ɔlədʒi] n.细胞生物学biochemist [‘baiəu’kemist] n.生物化学家 paleontologist[‘peiliɔn’tɔlədʒist] n.古生物学者creature [ˈkri:tʃə] n.生物organism[ˈɔ:gənizəm]n.有机物，微生物microbe['maɪkrob]微生物plankton['plæŋktən]浮游生物invertebrate [in’və:tibrət] n.无脊椎动物vertebrate[ˈvə:təbrɪt, -ˌbret]脊椎动物amphibian[æmˈfibiən]n.两栖动物reptile [ˈreptail]n.爬行动物herbivore ['hə:biˌvɔ:]n. 食草动物 herbivorous:[hə:ˈbivərəs]a.食草的，草食的carnivore['kɑrnɪvɔr]食肉动物omnivorous [amˈnivərəs]a.杂食的 ruminant [ˈru:minənt]n.反刍动物mollusk [‘mɔləsk] n.软体动物land creature [lænd] [ˈkri:tʃə]陆地生物cold [kəuld] b lood a nimal [blʌd] [ˈæniməl]n.冷血动物warm[wɔ:m] blood animal [blʌd] [ˈæniməl]n.热血动物mammal ['mæməl]n. [脊椎] 哺乳动物primates [ˈpraɪmɪts]灵长目动物endangered species 濒危动物species[ˈspi:ʃi:z]n.物种breed[bri:d]n.品种monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polyandrous[,pɑlɪ'ændrəs]一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的polygamous[pə'lɪgəməs]一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的community [kəˈmjunɪti]动物的群落或人的部落flock[flɑk]（牛、羊等）群herd [hɝd]兽群hordes/swarms [hɔrd]/[swɔrm]（昆虫等）群生理生化：respiratory system [ris’paiərətəri-'sistəm] n.呼吸系统digestive system 消化系统nerve s ystem [nə:v] n.神经系统 circulatory['sɝkjələtɔri]system 循环系统 hormonal[hɔr'monl] system 内分泌系统reproductive system 生殖系统、urinary system 泌尿系统immune system [iˈmju:n][ˈsistəm]n.免疫系统motor system n.运动系统20 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版) breed [brid] (名词)品种，（动词）繁殖 multiply /reproduce['mʌltɪplaɪ]/[,riprə'dus]繁殖offspring [ˈɔfˌspriŋ]n.后代crossbreed ['krɔ:sbri:d] v.（使）杂交sperm [spə:m]n.精子spawn[spɔn]（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵fertilizer[ˈfɚtlˌaɪzɚ]使…受精 n.肥料unfertilizedegg[ʌn'fɜːtɪlaɪzd]未受精卵fertilized e gg [‘fə:tilaizd-eg] n.受精卵pregnant [ˈpregnənt]a. 怀孕的embryo [‘embriəu] n.胚胎hatchling ['hætʃliŋ]n.刚孵化的幼体incubation[,ɪŋkju'beʃən]孵化fledglings[ˈfledʒliŋ]n.雏鸟cell [sel] n. 细胞.蜂房cytoplasm [‘saitəplæzəm] n.细胞质cell membrane [sel-'mem’brein] n.细胞膜cell wall [sel-wɔːl]n.细胞壁nucleus [‘nju:kliəs] n.细胞核organelle [ɔ:ɡə’nel] n.细胞器skin c ells [skin] [selz]n.皮肤细胞nerve cells [nə:v] [selz]n.神经细胞unicellular [‘ju:ni’seljulə]adj.单细胞的multicellular [‘mʌlti’seljulə] adj.多细胞的renewing [ri'nju:iŋ]n.更新metabolism [məˈtæbəlizəm]n.新陈代谢hormone[ˈhɔ:məun]n.激素，荷尔蒙insulin [‘insjulin] n.胰岛素secretion [siˈkri:ʃən]n.分泌，分泌物anatomy [ə’nætəmi] n.人体解剖organ [ˈɔ:gən]n. 器官vestige [ˈvɛstɪdʒ]n.退化器官liver [‘livə] n.肝脏lung [lʌŋ] n.肺kidney [‘kidni]n.肾stomach['stʌmək]n.胃pancreas['pæŋkrɪəs]n.胰tissue [ˈtiʃu:, -sju:]n.组织vessel [‘vesəl] n.血管tendon[‘tendən] n.腱 membrane [‘membrein] n.膜gland [ɡlænd]n.腺digestive gland[ɡlænd]消化腺digestive enzyme 消化酶tentacle [‘tentəkl] n. 触角，触须jaw [dʒɔ:] n.颌, 颚tongue [tʌŋ]n.舌头valve [vælv] n.瓣膜21 / 29TPO 听力学科词汇分类(新版)skeletal ['skelitəl]adj. 骨骼的vertebra [‘və:tibrə] n. 脊椎骨= s pinal ['spaɪnl]cord 脊椎rib [rib] n.肋骨fingerprint ['fiŋgəˌprint]n.指纹nail [neil] n.指甲division [di’viʒən] n.部分beak [bi:k] n.喙，（鹰等的）嘴 bill [bɪl]（鸟）嘴tooth [tu:θ] -teeth[ti:θ]n.牙齿toothless [ˈtuθlɪs] a dj. 无齿的compound eye [kəmˈpaund] [ai]n.复眼fin [fin] n.鱼鳍scale [skeil] n.鱼鳞forelimb [‘fɔ:lim] n.前肢limb [lim]n. 肢，臂；分支 wing [wiŋ]n.翅膀feather [ˈfeðə] n. 羽毛tail [teil] n.尾卫生与疾病：hygiene['haɪdʒin]卫生hygienic [hai’dʒi:nik] adj.卫生学的（hygiene [‘haidʒi:n] 卫生学）sanitation[,sænɪ'teʃən]公共卫生；卫生设施disease [di’zi:z] n.疾病diagnose [‘daiəɡnəuz] v.诊断drug [drʌɡ] n.药物medicine [‘medisin] n.医学，药dental c linic 牙医诊所surgeon ['sɜːdʒ(ə)n] n.外科医生virus [‘vaiərəs] n.病毒fungi [‘fʌndʒai] n.真菌类yeast[jist]酵母（菌） parasite ['pærəsaɪt]寄生虫parasitic [ˌpærəˈsitik]a. 寄生的，寄生虫的inflection 传染 / 感染paralysis [pə’rælisis]n.麻痹, 瘫痪 cardiac [‘kɑ:diæk] adj.心脏(病)的antibiotic [ˌæntibaiˈɔtik]n.抗生素antibody [‘ænti’bɔdi] n.抗体 vaccine [‘væksi:n] n.疫苗fungicide [‘fʌndʒisaid] n.杀真菌剂营养学：nutrient [‘nju:triənt] n. 营养物质calorie [ˈkæləri]卡路里（热量单位）protein [‘prəuti:n] n.蛋白质starch 淀粉glucose [‘ɡlu:kəus] n.葡萄糖carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）vitamin[ˈvitəmin, v ai-]n.维生素，维他命malnutrition[ˌmælnjuˈtriʃən]n.营养不良，营养不足 decaffeinated [di:'kæfineitid]adj. 不含咖啡因toxic [‘tɔksik] a dj.有毒的toxin 毒素植物学：botany 植物学botanical /b otanic 植物学的 botanist [‘bɔtənist] n.植物学家herb [hə:b]n.草本植物parasite plant['ɔrɡən]寄生植物aquatic['ænjuəl] plant 水生植物horticulture [ˈhɔrtɪˌkʌltʃɚ]园艺学system 系统forest [‘fɔrist] n.森林jungle [ˈdʒʌŋgəl]n.热带丛林tropical rain forest [‘trɔpikl-rein-’fɔrist] n.热带雨林 Tropicalsavanna forest [‘trɔpikl-sə’vænə-’fɔrist]n.热带稀树草原deciduous forest [di’sidʒuəs-’fɔrist] n.落叶林Deciduousmonsoon forest [di’sidʒuəs-mɔn’su:n-’fɔrist]n.落叶季雨林Temperate rain forest [‘tempərit-rein-’fɔrist]n.温带雨林Temperate evergreen forest [‘tempərit-’evəɡri:n-’fɔrist]n.温带绿叶林。