诊断学英文单词
诊断学英文单词
症状symptom体征sign体格检查physical examination实验室检查laboratory examination 触诊palpation冲击触诊法ballottement清音resonance鼓音tympany过清音hyperresonance浊音dullness实音flatness听诊auscultation嗅诊smelling稽留热continued fever弛张热remittent fever间歇热intermittent fever波状热undulant fever回归热recurrent fever不规则热irregular fever寒战rigor全身性水肿anasarca心源性水肿cardiac edema肾源性水肿renal edema肝源性水肿hepatic edema黏液性水肿myxedema特发性水肿idiopathic edema血管神经性水肿angioneurotic edema胸痛chest pain放射痛radiating pain发绀cyanosis心悸palpitation心包积液pericardial effusion充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure 咳痰expectoration咯血hemoptysis呼吸困难dyspnea大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia慢性阻塞性肺气肿chronicobstructive emphysema支气管哮喘bronchial asthma 胸腔积液pleural effusion 气胸pneumothorax恶心nausea呕吐vomiting呕血hematemesis黑便melena 便血hematochezia隐血occultblood里急后重tenesmus腹痛abdominal pain腹泻diarrhea便秘constipation黄疸jaundice血尿hematuria尿频frequentmicturition 尿急urgent m]ctunt]on尿痛(排尿困难)dysuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria头痛headache昏厥syncope嗜睡somnolence意识模糊confusion昏睡stupor昏迷coma生命征vital sign恶病质cachexia肥胖obesiy意识障碍disturbance ofconsciousness瘀点petechia血肿hematoma肝掌liverpalms蜘蛛痣spiderangioma淋巴结肿大lymphnodeenlargement 胸骨角sternalangle胸壁chest wall皮下气肿subcutaneousemphysema 扁平胸flatchest桶状胸barrelchest三凹征Three depressionssion 酸中毒呼吸Kussmaul breath潮式呼吸chevne-stokes breath 语音震颤vocaltremitus肺泡呼吸音vesicularbreathsounds 支气管呼吸音bronchialbreathsounds 口罗音rale湿口啰音moistrale干口罗音rhonchi语音共振vocalresonance胸膜摩擦音pleuralfrictionrub心尖搏动apicalimpulse震颤thrill心房颤动atrial fibrillation心房扑动atrial flutter期前收缩premature beat心律cardiac rhythm大炮音cannon sound心音分裂splitting of heartsounds三音律triple rhythm四音律quadruple rhythm二联律bigeminy三联律trigeminy奔马律gallop rhythm开瓣音opening snap心包叩击音pericardial knock肿瘤扑落音tumor plop喀喇音click收缩期杂音systolic murmur舒张期杂音diastolic murmur连续性杂音continuous murmur心包摩擦音pedcardial frictionsound主动脉瓣狭窄aortic stenosis主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic insufficiency二尖瓣关闭不全mitral insufficiency二尖瓣狭窄mitral stenosis肺动脉瓣相对性关闭不全杂音Graham Steell二尖瓣相对性狭窄杂音Austin Flint脉搏短绌deficit pulse水冲脉waterhammer pulse奇脉paradoxical pulse血压systemic blood pressure 动态血压监测ambulatory bloodpressuremonitoring(ABPM)枪击音pistol shot sound毛细血管搏动征capillary pulsation?肋脊角costovertebral angle左季肋部left hypochondrialregion左腰部left lumber region；左髂部left iliac region；右季肋部right hypochondrialregion右腰部right lumber region；右髂部right iliac region；上腹部epigastric region；脐部umbilical region；umbilical下腹部hypogastric region中上腹epigastrium腹水ascites蛙腹frog belly气腹pneumoperitoneum腹部凹陷abdominal retraction腹部膨胀abdominal distension舟状腹scaphoid abdomen水母头caput medusae胃、肠型gastral or intestinalpattern蠕动波peristalsis板状腹board-like rigidity揉面感dough kneading sensation 压痛tenderness反跳痛rebound tenderness腹肌紧张(强直)Abdominalmuscle rigid(guarding)莫菲征Murphy's sign波动感fluctuation肝震颤liver thrill肝、脾肿大liver and spleenenlargement肝肿大hepatomegaly脾肿大splenomegaly腹块abdominal mass直肠检查rectal examination外痔external haemorrhoids瘘管fistulae液波震颤fluid thrill振水音succussion splash移动性浊音shifting dullness尺压试验ruler pressing test肠鸣音bowel sounds摩擦音friction sound搔弹音scratch sound消化性溃疡pepticulcer黑便melena急性腹膜炎acute peritonitis肝硬化liver cirrhosis蜘蛛痣spider angioma急性阑尾炎acute appendicitis阑尾点McBurney Point肠梗阻intestinal obstruction 不对称asymmetry搏动pulsation手术疤痕surgical scar脊柱后突kvohosis 杵状指acrooachv肢端肥大acromegalv肌张力muscletone角膜反射cornealreflex 膝反射kneereflex踝阵挛ankkclonus中性粒细胞neutrophil嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophil嗜碱性粒细胞basophil淋巴细胞lymphocyte单核细胞monocyte网织红细胞reticulocyte红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentationrate血细胞比容hematocrit骨髓bone marrow浆细胞plasmacyte巨核细胞megakaryocyte过氧化物酶peroxidase缺铁性贫血iron deficiency anemia溶血性贫血hemolytic anemia巨幼细胞贫血megaloblastic anemia白血病leukemia骨髓增生异常综合征myelodysplastic syndrome 多发性骨髓瘤multiple myeloma原发性血小板减少性紫癜idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura血小板platelet纤维蛋白原fibrinogen凝血时间clotting time出血时间bleeding time纤溶fibrinolvsis纤溶酶plasmin凝血酶thrombin凝血酶原prothrombin凝血活酶thromboplastin血粘度blood viscosity脑脊液cerebrospinal fluid 漏出液transudate渗出液exudate无尿anuria 胆红素尿bilirubinuria乳糜尿chyluria尿频frequency of micturition 血尿hematuria镜下血尿microscopic hematuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria蛋白尿proteinuria脓尿pyuna尿急urgency of micturition肝功能试验liver function test血清总蛋白serum total protein血清白蛋白serum albumin血清球蛋白serum globulin蛋白电泳protein electrophoresis前白蛋白prealbumin凝血酶原时间prothrombin time胆红素bilirubin非结合胆红素unconjugated bilirubin尿胆原urobilinoaen尿胆素urobilin胆酸eholicacid靛氰绿indocvanine green，ICG丙氨酸氨基转移酶alanine aminotransferase，ALT天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶aspartateaminotransferase，AST同工酶isoenzyme碱性磷酸酶alkalinephosphatase，ALP Y—谷氨酰转移酶Y—glutamyl transferase单胺氧化酶monoamine oxidase，MAO甲胎蛋白alpha fetoprotein AFP免疫球蛋白immunoglobulin，Ig补体complement，C总补体溶血活性total hemolytic complemen tactivity，CH50E玫瑰花结形成试验erythrocyte rosette formation test，ERFT白细胞分化抗原cluster differentiation，CD表面膜免疫球蛋白surface membrane immunoglobulin，SmIg抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity，ADCC 白介素interleukin肿瘤坏死因子tumor necrosis factor，TNF干扰素interferon，IFN乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原hepatitis B virus surface antigen，HBsAg抗链球菌溶血素“O”anti—streptolysin"O"，ASO肥达反应Widal reaction，WR布氏杆菌病凝集试验Brucella agglutination test巨细胞病毒human cytomegalovirus，HCMV柯萨奇病毒Coxsaekie virus沙眼衣原体chlamydia trachomatis人获得性免疫缺陷病毒human immunodefieiency virus，HIV外斐反应Weil-Felix reaction冷凝集试验cold agglutination test肿瘤标志物tumor marker癌胚抗原carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA癌抗原125，糖链抗原125carcinoma antigenl25，carbohydrate antigen l25，CAl25前列腺特异抗原prostatic specific antigen，PSA前列腺酸性磷酸酶prostate acid phosphatase，PAP自身免疫耐受autoimune tolerance类风湿因子rheumatoid factor，RF抗核抗体antinuelear antibody，ANA双链DNA double stranded-DNA，ds-DNA抗线粒体抗体anti-mitoehondria antibody，AMA甲状腺球蛋白thyroglobulin，TG甲状腺微粒体thyroid microsome，TM抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody，AchRA抗平滑肌抗体anti-smooth muscle antibody，ASMA循环免疫复合物circulating immunocomplex，CIC冷球蛋白cryoglobulin，CGC反应蛋白C-reaction protein，CRP心电图electrocardiogram肢体导联limb leads胸导联chest leads不应期refractory period易损期vulnerable period心律失常arrhythmia窦性心动过速sinus tachycardia窦性心动过缓sinus bradyeardia窦性静止sinusar rest病态窦房结综合征sicksinus syndrome阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal supraventricular tachyeardia 室性心动过速ventricular tachycardia房室传导阻滞atrioventricula rblock，希氏束Hisbundle文氏现象Wenckebach phenomenon左束支传导阻滞left bundle branch block，LBBB右束支传导阻滞right bundle branch block，RBBB左前分支传导阻滞left anterior fascicular block预激综合征preexcitation syndrome逸搏心律escape rhythm反复心律reciprocal rhythm动态心电图ambulatory electrocardiography(Hoher)平板运动试验treadmill test潮气量·tidal volume，VT补呼气量expiratory reserve volume，ERV补吸气量inspiratory capacity，IC肺活量vital capacitv，VC残气量residual volume，RV肺总量total lung capacity，TLC最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation，MVV用力肺活量forced vital capacity，FVC最大呼气中段流量maximal mid—expiratory，flow MMEF肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation，VA（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。
医学学术英语主要词汇汇总单词
医学学术英语主要词汇汇总单词以下是医学学术英语中的一些主要词汇：
1. Anatomy - 解剖学
2. Physiology - 生理学
3. Pathology - 病理学
4. Pharmacology - 药理学
5. Microbiology - 微生物学
6. Genetics - 遗传学
7. Immunology - 免疫学
8. Epidemiology - 流行病学
9. Diagnosis - 诊断
10. Treatment - 治疗
11. Surgery - 外科手术
12. Radiology - 放射学
13. Cardiology - 心脏病学
14. Oncology - 肿瘤学
15. Neurology - 神经病学
16. Gastroenterology - 胃肠病学
17. Obstetrics - 产科学
18. Pediatrics - 儿科学
19. Dermatology - 皮肤病学
20. Psychiatry - 精神病学
21. Anesthesia - 麻醉学
22. Endocrinology - 内分泌学
23. Cardiac - 心脏的
24. Respiratory - 呼吸的
25. Digestive - 消化的
26. Nervous - 神经的
27. Muscular - 肌肉的
28. Skeletal - 骨骼的
29. Vascular - 血管的
30. Immune - 免疫的
这只是医学学术英语中的一小部分词汇，医学领域非常广泛，还有很多其他词汇和专业术语。
诊断学(diagnostics)ppt
正确的临床思维有时不是依靠独立思索而形成 的，临床会诊、咨询、讨论等均可起到互相启 发、诱导和取长补短的作用。 一个完整的诊断除需了解解剖学、功能学和影 象学的诊断外，在条件许可的情况下要尽可能 作出病理学、细胞学和病原学的诊断。
D、学习诊断学的要求-1
1.能独立进行系统而有针对性的问诊，能较熟练掌 握主诉、症状、体征间的内在联系和临床意义。 2.能以规范化手法进行系统、全面、重点、有序地 体格检查。 3.熟悉血、尿、粪等常规项目实验室检查的操作技 术及常用临床检验项目的目的和临床意义。熟悉 现代化自动生化分析仪器的操作程序及原理，了 解实验结果对疾病的诊断意义。
诊断学总论
绪
论
*诊断学(diagnostics)是运用医学基础理论、 基本知识和基本技能对疾病进行诊断的一 门学科。 *基础医学过度到临床医学的一门必修课。 *连接基础医学与临床医学的桥梁，是打开 临床医学大门的一把钥匙。
绪
论
A、诊断学的内容 B、诊断学的学习要领 C、建立和完善正确的诊断思维 D、学习诊断学的要求
视
诊（inspection）
医师用眼睛观察病人全身或局部表现的诊
断方法。 视诊可用于全身一般状态和许多体征的检 查。 局部视诊可了解病人身体各部分的改变。 特殊部位的视诊需借助于某些仪器 。
Inspection
Inspection
触诊 (palpation)
医师通过手接触被检查部位时的感觉来
C、问诊的方法与技巧-2
4、避免重复提问。 5、避免使用有特定意义的医学术语，有时 医生应对医学术语作必要的解释。 6、注意及时核实患者陈述中不确切或有疑 问的情况。
第二篇 体格检查
（physical examination）
诊断学英语词汇
诊断学英语词汇诊断学英语词汇大全诊断学，是运用医学基本理论、基本知识和基本技能对疾病进行诊断的.一门学科。
以下是小编带来的诊断学英语词汇大全，欢迎阅读。
abdomenal wall reflex 腹壁反射abdominal pain 腹痛abdominal retraction 腹部凹陷abdominal wall varicosis 腹壁静脉曲张absolute refractory period 绝对不应期absorption fever 吸收热accommodation reflex 调节反射achilles jerk 跟腱反射aching pain 酸痛acrocephalosyndactyly 尖颅并指(趾)畸形acromegaly 肢端肥大症acromegaly facies 肢端肥大症面容acropachy 杵状指active position 自主体位acute abdomen 急腹症acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎acute peritonitis 急性腹膜炎Adams-Stokes syndrome 亚-斯二氏综合征Addison’s disease 阿狄森氏病adolescent spurt 青春急激成长adventitious sound 附加音age 年龄albinism 白化症alternate motion 轮替动作alternative position 辗转体位alveolar ventilation, VA 肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation, VA 肺泡通气量amphorophony 空瓮音analgia 痛觉,缺失ankle clonus 踝阵挛anterior axillary line 腋前线anterior midline 前正中线aortic insufficiency 主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic stenosis 全动脉瓣狭窄Apert’s syndrome 阿佩尔氏综合征apical belly 尖腹apical impulse 心尖搏动arcus senilis 老年环areola 乳晕arrhythmia 心律失常arthresthesia 关节觉articulatio 关节articulus 关节ascites 腹水asthenic type 无力型(瘦长型)ataxia 共济失调ataxic gait 共济失调步态athetosis 手足徐动atrial fibrillation 心房颤动atrial fibrillation 房颤atrial flutter 心房扑动atrial gallop 房性奔马律audition 听力auricle 耳廓auriculo-ventricular block, AVB 房室传导阻滞auscultation 听诊Austin Flint murmur 奥斯汀.弗林特氏杂音axillary fossa 腋窝Babinski sign 巴宾斯基征bacteria pyrogen 细菌性致热原ballottement 冲击触诊法barrel chest 桶状胸basal lung capacity 基础肺容量basal lung volume 基础肺容积beefy tongue 牛肉舌belching 反酸、嗳气biceps reflex 肱二头肌反射bicycle ergometer test 踏车运动试验bimanual palpation 双手触诊法Biot’s respiration 比奥氏呼吸blood pressure, BP 血压board-like rigidity 板状腹borborygmus 肠鸣音bounding pulse 跳脉breast 乳房Broadbent’s sign 布罗德本特氏征bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchial breath sound 支气管呼吸音bronchophony 支气管语音bronchovesicular breath sound 支气管肺泡呼吸音Brudzinski’s sign 布鲁金斯基氏征Budd-Chiari syndrome 巴-希二氏综合征buffalo bump 水牛背burning pain 烧灼痛bursting pain 烧灼痛、胀痛bypass bilirubin 旁路胆红素cachexia 恶病质cachexia 恶病质cannon sound 大泡音capillary pulsation 毛细血管搏动caput medusae 海蛇神头,梅杜沙氏头cardiac asthma 心原性哮喘cardiac murmurs 心脏杂音carotene 胡萝卜素carphology 摸空症centric fever 中枢性发热Chaddock’s sign 查多克氏征chemoreceptor trigger zone 化学感受器触发带chest pain 胸痛chest wall 胸壁Cheyne-Stokes respiration 呼吸节律异常chief complaints 主诉childbearing history 生育史chorea 舞蹈样运动chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎chronic obstructive emphysema 慢性阻塞性肺气肿clasp knife 折刀claw hand 爪形手clinical diagnosis 临床诊断clonus 阵挛closing volume, CV 闭合气量coarse rales 粗湿罗音cogwheel breath sound 齿轮呼吸音cogwheel rigidity 齿轮强直coin sign 叩击征colicky pain 绞痛color sensation 色觉coma 昏迷compulsive position 强迫体位compulsive squatting 强迫蹲位confusion 意识模糊conjugated bilirubin 胆红素葡萄糖醛酸酯或称结全胆红素conjunctive 结膜consciousness 意识状态consistency 硬度consistency and elasticity 硬度和弹性constipation 便秘continuous 连续型continuous fever 稽留热continuous murmur 连续性杂音contour 外形convergence reflex 辐辏反射convulsion 惊厥cornea 角膜corneal reflex 角膜反射costispinal angle 肋脊角cough 咳嗽Courvoisier’s sign 库尔瓦泽尔兹氏征Courvoisier-T errier syndrome 库-特二氏组合征，无痛性黄疸crackles rale 爆裂音cremasteric reflex 提睾反射crepitus 捻发音crescendo 递增型crescendo-decrescendo 递增递减型cretinism 克汀病，白痴病，呆小病Crigler-Najiar’s syndrome 柯-加二氏综合征crisis 骤降，危象critical facies 病危面容Crohn’s disease 克隆氏病crossed paralysis 交叉瘫Cushing’s disease 肾上腺皮质功能亢进Cushing’s syndrome 库辛氏综合征cyanosis 紫绀Damoiseau’s curve 曲线decrescendo 递减型deep palpation 深部触诊法deep press palpation 深压触诊法deep slipping palpation 深部滑行触诊法deforming skull 变形颅delirium 谵妄dermographism 皮肤划纹征development 发育diagnosis 诊断diarrhea 腹泻diastolic murmur 舒张期杂音dicrotic pulse 重搏脉diffusion ,DL 弥散diplopia 复视direct percussion 直接叩诊法disturbance of consciousness 意识障碍disturbance of consciousness 意识障碍dough kneading sensation 揉面感Down syndrome 道氏综合征，先天愚型dropped pulse 脱落脉drunken man gait 醉酒步态Dubin-Johnson’s syndrome 杜-约二氏综合征dull pain 钝痛dullness 浊音Duroziez’s murmur 双重杂音dydrops 积水dyspnea 呼吸困难dysuria 尿痛ear drum 鼓膜early systolic ejection sounds 收缩早期喷射音ecchymosis 瘀斑ECG exercise test 心电图运动负荷试验edema 水肿effective refractory 有效不应期egophony 羊鸣音elasticity 弹性electrocardiogram, ECG 心电图elephantedema 象皮肿elephantiasic crus 象皮腿emaciation 消瘦embryocardia 胎心律endogenous pyrogen 内源性致热原enophthalmos=enophthalmus 眼球下陷enophthalmus= enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻epistaxis 鼻衄exogenous pyrogen 外源性致热原expectoration 咯痰expiratory capacity, ERV 补呼气量expression 表情external auditory canal 外耳道eyeball 眼球eyebrow 眼眉eyelids 眼睑face 颜面facial features 面容fairly 中等family history 家族史festination gait 慌张步态fever type 热型fine rales 细湿罗音finger nose test 指鼻试验fixed splitting 固定分裂flat chest 扁平胸flatfoot 平跖足flatness 实音floating patella phenomenon 浮髌现象fluctuation 波动感fluid thrill 液波震颤forced standing position 强迫停立位forced vital capacity, FVC 用力肺活量four limbs 四肢frequent micturition 尿频frog belly 蛙腹Frohlich’s syndrome 肥胖性生殖无能,弗勒利希氏综合征function residual capacity, FRC 功能残气量funnel chest 漏斗胸gallop rhythm 奔马律Garland’s triangle 加兰德氏三角gas distribution 气体分布gastral or intestinal pattern 胃型或肠型general data 一般项目genua valgus “O” 形腿畸形genua varus 膝内翻geographic tongue 地图舌gigantism 巨人症Gilbert’s syndrome 吉尔伯氏综合征Gordon’s sign 戈登氏征Graham Steell murmur 杂音Grocco’s triangle 格罗科氏三角gums 牙龈habitus 体型hair 毛发，头发hairy tongue 毛舌Harrison’s groove 肋膈沟headache 头痛heel-knee-tibia test 跟-膝-胫试验hematemesis 呕血hematochezia 便血hematuria 血尿hemiparalysis 偏瘫hemoptysis 咯血hepatic facies 肝病面容Hippocrates 希波克拉底(被称为医学之父) history of present illness 现病史Hodgkin 霍奇金Hoffmann’s sign 霍夫曼氏征holosystolic murmur 全收缩期杂音Horner’s syndrome 霍纳氏综合征hyperresonance 过清音hyperventilation syndrome 过度换气综合征hypogastric region 下腹部idioventricular rhythm 室性异搏心律，自发室性心律immediate percussion 直接叩诊incontinence of urine 尿失禁indirect percussion 间接叩诊法infective fever 感染性发热inferior diaphragmatic infarction 下壁心肌梗塞infrascapular region 肩胛下区infrasternal angle 胸骨下角inquiry 问诊inspection 视诊inspiratory capacity, IC 深吸气量intercostal space 肋间隙interleukin I 白细胞介素intermittent claudication 间歇性跛行intermittent fever 间歇热interscapular region 肩胛间区intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻inward impulse 负性心尖搏动iris 虹膜irregular fever 不规则热irritable bowel syndrome,IBS肠易激综合征jaundice 黄疸junctional premature beat 交界性早搏Kayser-Fleischer ring 凯-弗二氏环Kent’s bundle 肯特氏束，房室肌束Kernig’s sign 克尼格氏征Klebsiellar pneumonia 克雷白杆菌肺炎knee jerk 膝反射knife-like pain 刀割样痛koilonychia 匙状甲Kussmaul’s respiration 库斯毛尔氏呼吸kyphosis 脊柱后凸laryngeal pharynx 喉咽larynx 喉Lasegue’s sign 拉塞格氏征late diastolic gallop 舒张晚期奔马律latent jaundice 隐性黄疸left anterior fascicular block, left anterior bemiblock, LAH 前支传导阻滞left bundle branch block, LBBB 左束支传导阻滞left lower quadrant 左下腹left posterior fascicular block 或left posterior hemiblock, LPH 后支传导阻滞left upper quadrant 左上腹leukocytic pyrogen 白细胞致热原leukoplakia 白斑light palpation 浅部触诊法liver cirrhosis 肝硬化liver palms 肝掌liver thrill 震颤lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎location 部位lordosis 脊柱前凸luminar flow 层流lung volume 肺容积lymphedema 淋巴性水肿maculae 斑疹maculopapulae 斑丘疹manubrium sterni 胸骨柄Marfan’s syndrome 马方氏综合征marrital history 婚姻史masked facies 面具面容masses 包块Master 2-step exercise 二级梯运动mastoid 乳突maximal midexpiratary flow curve MMEF、MMF 最大呼气中段流量maximal voluntary ventilation, MVV 最大通气量McBurney’s incision 麦克伯尼氏切口mediate percussion 间接叩诊medium rales 中湿罗音melanin 黑色素melena 黑便menstrual history 月经史microcephaly 小颅,小头畸形midaxillary line 腋中线midclavicular line 锁骨中线middle and late systolic clicks 收缩中、晚期喀音migratory glossitis 移行性舌炎minute ventilation VE 每分钟静息通气量mitral facies 二尖瓣面容mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄mobility 活动度moist rale 湿罗音moisture 湿度mono-phasic curve 单相曲线monoplegia 单瘫moon facies 满月面容mouth 口mucocutaneous hemorrhage 皮肤粘膜出血Murphy button 墨菲氏钮(肠吻合钮)muscle atrophy 肌肉萎缩muscular tone 肌张力Musset’s sign 缪塞氏征(头节律性跳动) myocardial infarction 心肌梗塞myocardial injury “ 损伤性”改变myocardial ischemia 心肌缺血myodynamia 肌力myxedema 粘液性水肿nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nasal sinus 鼻窦nasopharynx 鼻咽nausea 恶心nephrotic facies 肾病面容neurogenic bladder 神经原性膀胱nipple 乳头non-infective fever 非感染性发热nonparoxysmal tachycardia 非阵发性心动过速nuclear icterus 核黄疸nuclear jaundice 核黄疸nystagmus 眼球震颤obesity 肥胖obstetrician hand 助产士手olfactory examination 嗅诊Oliver’s sign 奥利弗氏征opening snap 开瓣音opisthotonos position 角弓反张位Oppenheim’s sign 奥本海姆氏征oral pharynx 口咽organic scoliosis / 脊柱器质性侧凸orthopnea 强迫坐位、端坐呼吸ortho-sthenic type 正力型(均称型)oxycephaly 尖颅pacemaker 起搏点pain /pein/ 疼痛pallor 苍白palpation 触诊palpitation 心悸papule 丘疹paradoxical pulse 奇脉paradoxical splitting 反常分裂paralytic squint 麻痹性斜视paraplegia 截瘫parasternal line 胸骨旁线parasystole 并行心律parietal pleura 壁层胸膜Parkinson’s disease 震颤麻痹parotid gland 腮腺paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, PSVT 阵发性心动过速;阵发性室上性心动过速;阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal tachycardia 阵发性心动过速paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia 阵发性室性心动过速past history 既往史patella clonus 髌阵挛pectoriloquy 胸语音pellagra 糙皮病pendular rhythm 钟摆律peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡percussion 叩诊percussion sound 叩诊音pericardial effusion 心包积液pericardial friction sound 心包摩擦音pericardial knock 心包叩击音peristalsis 蠕动波personal history 个人史petechia 瘀点physical examination 体格检查physiologic splitting 生理分裂pigeon chest 鸡胸pigmentation 色素沉着pitting edema 压陷性水肿pituitary dwarfism 垂体性侏儒症plantar reflex 跖反射pleural effusion 胸腔积液pleural friction fremitus 胸膜摩擦感pleural friction rub 胸膜摩擦音pneumoperitoneum 气腹pneumothorax 气胸pooly 不良position 体位positive position 被动体位posterior axillary line 腋后线posterior midline 后正中线posture 姿势posture scoliosis 姿势性侧凸premature beat 过早搏动premature beat 心房presystolic gallop 收缩期前奔马律protodiastolic gallop 舒张早期奔马律ptosis 上睑下垂pulmonary capillary wedge pressure , PCWP 肺毛细血管楔嵌pulse deficit 脉搏短绌pulse pressure 脉压pulseless 无脉病pulsus alternans 交替脉pulsus magnus 洪脉pulsus tardus 迟脉pupil 瞳孔purpura 紫癜pyrogen 致热原quadruple rhythm 四音律R on T phenomenon R波落在T波上现象rachitic chest 佝偻病胸rachitic rosary 佝偻病串珠radiating pain 放射痛radioperiosteal reflex 桡骨骨膜反射rebound tenderness 反跳痛recurrent fever 回归热redness 发红referred pain 牵涉痛reflex 反射refractory period 不应期regional lung function 区域性肺功能regular 一贯型relative refractory period 相对不应期remittent fever 弛张热residual volume, RV 残气容积resonance 清音retention of urine 尿潴留reversed splitting 逆分裂rhonchi 干罗音rib 肋骨right bundle branch block, RBBB 右束支传导阻滞right lower quadrant 右下腹right upper quadrant 右上腹rigidity 强直性rigor 寒战ringer finger test 指指试验Romberg’s sign 罗姆伯格氏征rosacea 酒渣鼻roseola 玫瑰疹Rotor’s syndrome 罗特尔氏综合征ruler pressing test 尺压试验saddle nose 鞍鼻sardonic feature 苦笑面容scalp 头皮scaphoid 舟状腹scapula 肩胛骨scapular line 肩胛线scar 瘢痕scissors gait 前刀式步态sclera 巩膜scratcb sound 搔弹音senile plaque 老年斑setting sun phenomenon 日落现象sex 性别shifting dullness 移动性浊音sibilant rhonchi 高调干罗音sick sinus syndrome , SSS 病态窦房结综合征sino-auricular block, SAB 窦房传导阻滞sinus arrest 窦性静止sinus arrhythmia 窦性心律不齐sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓sinus phrenicocostalis 肋膈窦sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速size 大小skin eruption 皮疹skin retraction 皮肤回缩skull 头颅small airway function 小气道功能small pulse 细脉smooth tongue 光滑舌somnolence 嗜睡sonorous rhonchi 低调干罗音sore tongue 舌痛spider angioma 蜘蛛痣spinous process 脊柱棘突splitting of heart sounds 心音分裂squared skull 巨颅stabbing pain 刺痛stained yellow 黄染steppage gait 跨阈步态s ternal angle, Louis’s angel 胸骨角sternal line 胸骨线stethoscope 听诊器sthenic type 超力型(矮胖型)stool with occult blood 隐血便strawberry tongue 草莓舌stupor 昏睡subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节succussion splash 振水音summation gallop 重叠奔马律superficial appearance 表观情况supraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝suprascapular region 肩胛上区suprasternal fossa 胸骨上窝suprasternal notch 胸骨上切迹symmetry 对称性symptom 症状symptomatology 症状学synaesthesia 复合感觉systems review 系统回顾systolic ejection sounds 收缩期喷射音systolic murmur 收缩性杂音tachypnea 呼吸过速tactile fremitus 触地震颤tarry stool 柏油便temperature 体温tenderness 压痛tenesmus 里急后重tetany 手足搐搦thalposis 温觉thermotaxic center 体温调节中枢thigmesthesia 触觉thirst 渴感thoracic expansion 胸廓扩张度thready pulse 丝脉three depressions sign 三凹征thrill 震颤throbbing pain 绞痛与搏动性痛thrombasthenia 血小板无力症sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓sinus phrenicocostalis 肋膈窦sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速size 大小skin eruption 皮疹skin retraction 皮肤回缩skull 头颅small airway function 小气道功能small pulse 细脉smooth tongue 光滑舌somnolence 嗜睡sonorous rhonchi 低调干罗音sore tongue 舌痛spider angioma 蜘蛛痣spinous process 脊柱棘突splitting of heart sounds 心音分裂squared skull 巨颅stabbing pain 刺痛stained yellow 黄染steppage gait 跨阈步态sternal angle, Louis’s angel 胸骨角sternal line 胸骨线stethoscope 听诊器sthenic type 超力型(矮胖型)stool with occult blood 隐血便strawberry tongue 草莓舌stupor 昏睡subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节succussion splash 振水音summation gallop /s QmeiFn gAl[p/ 重叠奔马律superficial appearance 表观情况supraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝suprascapular region 肩胛上区suprasternal fossa 胸骨上窝suprasternal notch 胸骨上切迹symmetry 对称性symptom 症状symptomatology 症状学synaesthesia 复合感觉systems review 系统回顾systolic ejection sounds 收缩期喷射音systolic murmur 收缩性杂音tachypnea 呼吸过速tactile fremitus 触地震颤tarry stool 柏油便temperature 体温tenderness 压痛tenesmus 里急后重tetany 手足搐搦thalposis 温觉thermotaxic center 体温调节中枢thigmesthesia 触觉thirst 渴感thoracic expansion 胸廓扩张度thready pulse 丝脉three depressions sign 三凹征thrill 震颤throbbing pain 绞痛与搏动性痛thrombasthenia 血小板无力症thyroid 甲状腺tidal capacity TC 潮气量tone 语调tongue 舌torsive ventricular tachycardia 扭转型室性心动过速torticolis 斜颈tower skull 塔颅。
诊断学英文单词
症状symptom体征sign体格检查physical examination 实验室检查laboratory examination 触诊palpation冲击触诊法ballottement清音resonance鼓音tympany过清音hyperresonance浊音dullness实音flatness听诊auscultation嗅诊smelling稽留热continued fever弛张热remittent fever间歇热intermittent fever波状热undulant fever回归热recurrent fever不规则热irregular fever寒战rigor全身性水肿anasarca心源性水肿cardiac edema肾源性水肿renal edema肝源性水肿hepatic edema黏液性水肿myxedema特发性水肿idiopathic edema血管神经性水肿angioneurotic edema 胸痛chest pain放射痛radiating pain发绀cyanosis心悸palpitation心包积液pericardial effusion充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure 咳痰expectoration咯血hemoptysis呼吸困难dyspnea大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia慢性阻塞性肺气肿chronicobstructive emphysema支气管哮喘bronchial asthma 胸腔积液pleural effusion 气胸pneumothorax 恶心nausea呕吐vomiting呕血hematemesis黑便melena 便血hematochezia隐血occultblood里急后重tenesmus腹痛abdominal pain腹泻diarrhea便秘constipation黄疸jaundice血尿hematuria尿频frequentmicturition尿急urgent m]ctunt]on尿痛(排尿困难) dysuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria头痛headache昏厥syncope嗜睡somnolence意识模糊confusion昏睡stupor昏迷coma生命征vital sign恶病质cachexia肥胖obesiy意识障碍disturbance ofconsciousness瘀点petechia血肿hematoma肝掌liverpalms蜘蛛痣spiderangioma淋巴结肿大lymphnodeenlargement 胸骨角sternalangle胸壁chest wall皮下气肿subcutaneousemphysema 扁平胸flatchest桶状胸barrelchest三凹征Three depressionssion酸中毒呼吸Kussmaul breath潮式呼吸chevne-stokes breath语音震颤vocaltremitus肺泡呼吸音vesicularbreathsounds支气管呼吸音bronchialbreathsounds 口罗音rale湿口啰音moistrale干口罗音rhonchi语音共振vocalresonance胸膜摩擦音pleuralfrictionrub心尖搏动apicalimpulse震颤thrill心房颤动atrial fibrillation心房扑动atrial flutter期前收缩premature beat心律cardiac rhythm大炮音cannon sound心音分裂splitting of heart sounds三音律triple rhythm四音律quadruple rhythm二联律bigeminy三联律trigeminy奔马律gallop rhythm开瓣音opening snap心包叩击音pericardial knock肿瘤扑落音tumor plop喀喇音click收缩期杂音systolic murmur舒张期杂音diastolic murmur连续性杂音continuous murmur心包摩擦音pedcardial friction sound主动脉瓣狭窄aortic stenosis主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic insufficiency二尖瓣关闭不全mitral insufficiency二尖瓣狭窄mitral stenosis肺动脉瓣相对性关闭不全杂音Graham Steell二尖瓣相对性狭窄杂音Austin Flint脉搏短绌deficit pulse水冲脉waterhammer pulse奇脉paradoxical pulse血压systemic blood pressure动态血压监测ambulatory blood pressuremonitoring(ABPM)枪击音pistol shot sound毛细血管搏动征capillary pulsation?肋脊角costovertebral angle左季肋部left hypochondrial region左腰部left lumber region；左髂部left iliac region；右季肋部right hypochondrial region 右腰部right lumber region；右髂部right iliac region；上腹部epigastric region；脐部umbilical region；umbilical 下腹部hypogastric region中上腹epigastrium腹水ascites蛙腹frog belly气腹pneumoperitoneum腹部凹陷abdominal retraction腹部膨胀abdominal distension舟状腹scaphoid abdomen水母头caput medusae胃、肠型gastral or intestinal pattern 蠕动波peristalsis板状腹board-like rigidity揉面感dough kneading sensation 压痛tenderness反跳痛rebound tenderness腹肌紧张(强直) Abdominalmuscle rigid(guarding)莫菲征Murphy's sign波动感fluctuation肝震颤liver thrill肝、脾肿大liver and spleen enlargement 肝肿大hepatomegaly脾肿大splenomegaly腹块abdominal mass直肠检查rectal examination外痔external haemorrhoids瘘管fistulae液波震颤fluid thrill振水音succussion splash移动性浊音shifting dullness尺压试验ruler pressing test肠鸣音bowel sounds摩擦音friction sound搔弹音scratch sound消化性溃疡pepticulcer黑便melena急性腹膜炎acute peritonitis肝硬化liver cirrhosis蜘蛛痣spider angioma急性阑尾炎acute appendicitis阑尾点McBurney Point肠梗阻intestinal obstruction不对称asymmetry搏动pulsation手术疤痕surgical scar脊柱后突kvohosis杵状指acrooachv肢端肥大acromegalv 肌张力muscletone 角膜反射cornealreflex 膝反射kneereflex 踝阵挛ankkclonus中性粒细胞neutrophil嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophil嗜碱性粒细胞basophil淋巴细胞lymphocyte单核细胞monocyte网织红细胞reticulocyte红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rate 血细胞比容hematocrit骨髓bone marrow浆细胞plasmacyte巨核细胞megakaryocyte过氧化物酶peroxidase缺铁性贫血iron deficiency anemia溶血性贫血hemolytic anemia巨幼细胞贫血megaloblastic anemia白血病leukemia骨髓增生异常综合征myelodysplastic syndrome多发性骨髓瘤multiple myeloma原发性血小板减少性紫癜idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura血小板platelet纤维蛋白原fibrinogen凝血时间clotting time出血时间bleeding time纤溶fibrinolvsis纤溶酶plasmin凝血酶thrombin凝血酶原prothrombin凝血活酶thromboplastin血粘度blood viscosity脑脊液cerebrospinal fluid 漏出液transudate渗出液exudate无尿anuria 胆红素尿bilirubinuria乳糜尿chyluria尿频frequency of micturition血尿hematuria镜下血尿microscopic hematuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria蛋白尿proteinuria脓尿pyuna尿急urgency of micturition肝功能试验liver function test血清总蛋白serum total protein血清白蛋白serum albumin血清球蛋白serum globulin蛋白电泳protein electrophoresis前白蛋白prealbumin凝血酶原时间prothrombin time胆红素bilirubin非结合胆红素unconjugated bilirubin尿胆原urobilinoaen尿胆素urobilin胆酸eholicacid靛氰绿indocvanine green，ICG丙氨酸氨基转移酶alanine aminotransferase，ALT 天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶aspartate aminotransferase，AST同工酶isoenzyme碱性磷酸酶alkalinephosphatase，ALP Y—谷氨酰转移酶Y—glutamyl transferase单胺氧化酶monoamine oxidase，MAO甲胎蛋白alpha fetoprotein AFP免疫球蛋白immunoglobulin，Ig补体complement，C总补体溶血活性total hemolytic complemen tactivity，CH50 E玫瑰花结形成试验erythrocyte rosette formation test，ERFT 白细胞分化抗原cluster differentiation，CD表面膜免疫球蛋白surface membrane immunoglobulin，SmIg抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity，ADCC 白介素interleukin肿瘤坏死因子tumor necrosis factor，TNF干扰素interferon，IFN乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原hepatitis B virus surface antigen，HBsAg抗链球菌溶血素“O”anti—streptolysin"O"，ASO肥达反应Widal reaction，WR布氏杆菌病凝集试验Brucella agglutination test巨细胞病毒human cytomegalovirus，HCMV柯萨奇病毒Coxsaekie virus沙眼衣原体chlamydia trachomatis人获得性免疫缺陷病毒human immunodefieiency virus，HIV外斐反应Weil-Felix reaction冷凝集试验cold agglutination test肿瘤标志物tumor marker癌胚抗原carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA癌抗原125，糖链抗原125 carcinoma antigenl25，carbohydrate antigen l25，CAl25 前列腺特异抗原prostatic specific antigen，PSA前列腺酸性磷酸酶prostate acid phosphatase，PAP自身免疫耐受autoimune tolerance类风湿因子rheumatoid factor，RF抗核抗体antinuelear antibody，ANA双链DNA double stranded-DNA，ds-DNA抗线粒体抗体anti-mitoehondria antibody，AMA甲状腺球蛋白thyroglobulin，TG甲状腺微粒体thyroid microsome，TM抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody，AchRA抗平滑肌抗体anti-smooth muscle antibody，ASMA循环免疫复合物circulating immunocomplex，CIC冷球蛋白cryoglobulin，CGC反应蛋白C-reaction protein，CRP心电图electrocardiogram肢体导联limb leads胸导联chest leads不应期refractory period易损期vulnerable period心律失常arrhythmia窦性心动过速sinus tachycardia窦性心动过缓sinus bradyeardia窦性静止sinusar rest病态窦房结综合征sicksinus syndrome阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal supraventricular tachyeardia室性心动过速ventricular tachycardia房室传导阻滞atrioventricula rblock，希氏束Hisbundle文氏现象Wenckebach phenomenon左束支传导阻滞left bundle branch block，LBBB右束支传导阻滞right bundle branch block，RBBB左前分支传导阻滞left anterior fascicular block预激综合征preexcitation syndrome逸搏心律escape rhythm反复心律reciprocal rhythm动态心电图ambulatory electrocardiography(Hoher) 平板运动试验treadmill test潮气量·tidal volume，VT补呼气量expiratory reserve volume，ERV补吸气量inspiratory capacity，IC肺活量vital capacitv，VC残气量residual volume，RV肺总量total lung capacity，TLC最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation，MVV 用力肺活量forced vital capacity，FVC最大呼气中段流量maximal mid—expiratory，flow MMEF 肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation，VA。
诊断学常用英语词汇
abdomenal wall reflex 腹壁反射abdominal pain 腹痛abdominal retraction 腹部凹陷abdominal wall varicosis 腹壁静脉曲张absolute refractory period 绝对不应期absorption fever 吸收热accommodation reflex 调节反射achilles jerk 跟腱反射aching pain 酸痛acrocephalosyndactyly 尖颅并指（趾）畸形acromegaly 肢端肥大症acromegaly facies 肢端肥大症面容acropachy 杵状指active position 自主体位acute abdomen 急腹症acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎acute peritonitis 急性腹膜炎Adams-Stokes syndrome 亚-斯二氏综合征Addison’s disease 阿狄森氏病adolescent spurt 青春急激成长adventitious sound 附加音age 年龄albinism 白化症alternate motion 轮替动作alternative position 辗转体位alveolar ventilation, VA 肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation, VA 肺泡通气量amphorophony 空瓮音analgia 痛觉,缺失ankle clonus 踝阵挛anterior axillary line 腋前线anterior midline 前正中线aortic insufficiency 主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic stenosis 全动脉瓣狭窄Apert’s syndrome 阿佩尔氏综合征apical belly 尖腹apical impulse 心尖搏动arcus senilis 老年环areola 乳晕arrhythmia 心律失常arthresthesia 关节觉articulatio 关节articulus 关节ascites 腹水asthenic type 无力型（瘦长型）ataxia 共济失调ataxic gait 共济失调步态athetosis 手足徐动atrial fibrillation 心房颤动atrial fibrillation 房颤atrial flutter 心房扑动atrial gallop 房性奔马律audition 听力auricle 耳廓auriculo-ventricular block, AVB 房室传导阻滞auscultation 听诊Austin Flint murmur 奥斯汀.弗林特氏杂音axillary fossa 腋窝Babinski sign 巴宾斯基征bacteria pyrogen 细菌性致热原ballottement 冲击触诊法barrel chest 桶状胸basal lung capacity 基础肺容量basal lung volume 基础肺容积beefy tongue 牛肉舌belching 反酸、嗳气biceps reflex 肱二头肌反射bicycle ergometer test 踏车运动试验bimanual palpation 双手触诊法Biot’s respiration 比奥氏呼吸blood pressure, BP 血压board-like rigidity 板状腹borborygmus 肠鸣音bounding pulse 跳脉breast 乳房Broadbent’s sign 布罗德本特氏征bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchial breath sound 支气管呼吸音bronchophony 支气管语音bronchovesicular breath sound 支气管肺泡呼吸音Brudzinski’s sign 布鲁金斯基氏征Budd-Chiari syndrome 巴-希二氏综合征buffalo bump 水牛背burning pain 烧灼痛bursting pain 烧灼痛、胀痛bypass bilirubin 旁路胆红素cachexia 恶病质cachexia 恶病质cannon sound 大泡音capillary pulsation 毛细血管搏动caput medusae 海蛇神头,梅杜沙氏头cardiac asthma 心原性哮喘cardiac murmurs 心脏杂音carotene 胡萝卜素carphology 摸空症centric fever 中枢性发热Chaddock’s sign 查多克氏征chemoreceptor trigger zone 化学感受器触发带chest pain 胸痛chest wall 胸壁Cheyne-Stokes respiration 呼吸节律异常chief complaints 主诉childbearing history 生育史chorea 舞蹈样运动chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎chronic obstructive emphysema 慢性阻塞性肺气肿clasp knife 折刀claw hand 爪形手clinical diagnosis 临床诊断clonus 阵挛closing volume, CV 闭合气量coarse rales 粗湿罗音cogwheel breath sound 齿轮呼吸音cogwheel rigidity 齿轮强直coin sign 叩击征colicky pain 绞痛color sensation 色觉coma 昏迷compulsive position 强迫体位compulsive squatting 强迫蹲位confusion 意识模糊conjugated bilirubin 胆红素葡萄糖醛酸酯或称结全胆红素conjunctive 结膜consciousness 意识状态consistency 硬度consistency and elasticity 硬度和弹性constipation 便秘continuous 连续型continuous fever 稽留热continuous murmur 连续性杂音contour 外形convergence reflex 辐辏反射convulsion 惊厥cornea 角膜corneal reflex 角膜反射costispinal angle 肋脊角cough 咳嗽Courvoisier’s sign 库尔瓦泽尔兹氏征Courvoisier-Terrier syndrome 库-特二氏组合征，无痛性黄疸crackles rale 爆裂音cremasteric reflex 提睾反射crepitus 捻发音crescendo 递增型crescendo-decrescendo 递增递减型cretinism 克汀病，白痴病，呆小病Crigler-Najiar’s syndrome 柯-加二氏综合征crisis 骤降，危象critical facies 病危面容Crohn’s disease 克隆氏病crossed paralysis 交叉瘫Cushing’s disea se 肾上腺皮质功能亢进Cushing’s syndrome 库辛氏综合征cyanosis 紫绀Damoiseau’s curve 曲线decrescendo 递减型deep palpation 深部触诊法deep press palpation 深压触诊法deep slipping palpation 深部滑行触诊法deforming skull 变形颅delirium 谵妄dermographism 皮肤划纹征development 发育diagnosis 诊断diarrhea 腹泻diastolic murmur 舒张期杂音dicrotic pulse 重搏脉diffusion ,DL 弥散diplopia 复视direct percussion 直接叩诊法disturbance of consciousness 意识障碍disturbance of consciousness 意识障碍dough kneading sensation 揉面感Down syndrome 道氏综合征，先天愚型dropped pulse 脱落脉drunken man gait 醉酒步态Dubin-Johnson’s syndrome 杜-约二氏综合征dull pain 钝痛dullness 浊音Duroziez’s murmur 双重杂音dydrops 积水dyspnea 呼吸困难dysuria 尿痛ear drum 鼓膜early systolic ejection sounds 收缩早期喷射音ecchymosis 瘀斑ECG exercise test 心电图运动负荷试验edema 水肿effective refractory 有效不应期egophony 羊鸣音elasticity 弹性electrocardiogram, ECG 心电图elephantedema 象皮肿elephantiasic crus 象皮腿emaciation 消瘦embryocardia 胎心律endogenous pyrogen 内源性致热原enophthalmos=enophthalmus 眼球下陷enophthalmus= enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻epistaxis 鼻衄exogenous pyrogen 外源性致热原expectoration 咯痰expiratory capacity, ERV 补呼气量expression 表情external auditory canal 外耳道eyeball 眼球eyebrow 眼眉eyelids 眼睑face 颜面facial features 面容fairly 中等family history 家族史festination gait 慌张步态fever type 热型fine rales 细湿罗音finger nose test 指鼻试验fixed splitting 固定分裂flat chest 扁平胸flatfoot 平跖足flatness 实音floating patella phenomenon 浮髌现象fluctuation 波动感fluid thrill 液波震颤forced standing position 强迫停立位forced vital capacity, FVC 用力肺活量four limbs 四肢frequent micturition 尿频frog belly 蛙腹Frohlich’s syndrome 肥胖性生殖无能,弗勒利希氏综合征function residual capacity, FRC 功能残气量funnel chest 漏斗胸gallop rhythm 奔马律Garland’s triangle 加兰德氏三角gas distribution 气体分布gastral or intestinal pattern 胃型或肠型general data 一般项目genua valgus “O” 形腿畸形genua varus 膝内翻geographic tongue 地图舌gigantism 巨人症Gilbert’s syndrome 吉尔伯氏综合征Gordon’s sign 戈登氏征Graham Steell murmur 杂音Grocco’s triangle 格罗科氏三角gums 牙龈habitus 体型hair 毛发，头发hairy tongue 毛舌Harrison’s groove 肋膈沟headache 头痛heel-knee-tibia test 跟-膝-胫试验hematemesis 呕血hematochezia 便血hematuria 血尿hemiparalysis 偏瘫hemoptysis 咯血hepatic facies 肝病面容Hippocrates 希波克拉底（被称为医学之父）history of present illness 现病史Hodgkin 霍奇金Hoffmann’s si gn 霍夫曼氏征holosystolic murmur 全收缩期杂音Horner’s syndrome 霍纳氏综合征hyperresonance 过清音hyperventilation syndrome 过度换气综合征hypogastric region 下腹部idioventricular rhythm 室性异搏心律，自发室性心律immediate percussion 直接叩诊incontinence of urine 尿失禁indirect percussion 间接叩诊法infective fever 感染性发热inferior diaphragmatic infarction 下壁心肌梗塞infrascapular region 肩胛下区infrasternal angle 胸骨下角inquiry 问诊inspection 视诊inspiratory capacity, IC 深吸气量intercostal space 肋间隙interleukin I 白细胞介素intermittent claudication 间歇性跛行intermittent fever 间歇热interscapular region 肩胛间区intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻inward impulse 负性心尖搏动iris 虹膜irregular fever 不规则热irritable bowel syndrome,IBS肠易激综合征jaundice 黄疸junctional premature beat 交界性早搏Kayser-Fleischer ring 凯-弗二氏环Kent’s bu ndle 肯特氏束，房室肌束Kernig’s sign 克尼格氏征Klebsiellar pneumonia 克雷白杆菌肺炎knee jerk 膝反射knife-like pain 刀割样痛koilonychia 匙状甲Kussmaul’s respiration 库斯毛尔氏呼吸kyphosis 脊柱后凸laryngeal pharynx 喉咽larynx 喉Lasegue’s sign 拉塞格氏征late diastolic gallop 舒张晚期奔马律latent jaundice 隐性黄疸left anterior fascicular block, left anterior bemiblock, LAH 前支传导阻滞left bundle branch block, LBBB 左束支传导阻滞left lower quadrant 左下腹left posterior fascicular block 或left posterior hemiblock, LPH 后支传导阻滞left upper quadrant 左上腹leukocytic pyrogen 白细胞致热原leukoplakia 白斑light palpation 浅部触诊法liver cirrhosis 肝硬化liver palms 肝掌liver thrill 震颤lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎location 部位lordosis 脊柱前凸luminar flow 层流lung volume 肺容积lymphedema 淋巴性水肿maculae 斑疹maculopapulae 斑丘疹manubrium sterni 胸骨柄Marfan’s syndrome 马方氏综合征marrital history 婚姻史masked facies 面具面容masses 包块Master 2-step exercise 二级梯运动mastoid 乳突maximal midexpiratary flow curve MMEF、MMF 最大呼气中段流量maximal voluntary ventilation, MVV 最大通气量McBurney’s incision 麦克伯尼氏切口mediate percussion 间接叩诊medium rales 中湿罗音melanin 黑色素melena 黑便menstrual history 月经史microcephaly 小颅,小头畸形midaxillary line 腋中线midclavicular line 锁骨中线middle and late systolic clicks 收缩中、晚期喀音migratory glossitis 移行性舌炎minute ventilation VE 每分钟静息通气量mitral facies 二尖瓣面容mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄mobility 活动度moist rale 湿罗音moisture 湿度mono-phasic curve 单相曲线monoplegia 单瘫moon facies 满月面容mouth 口mucocutaneous hemorrhage 皮肤粘膜出血Murphy button 墨菲氏钮（肠吻合钮）muscle atrophy 肌肉萎缩muscular tone 肌张力Musset’s sign 缪塞氏征（头节律性跳动）myocardial infarction 心肌梗塞myocardial injury “ 损伤性”改变myocardial ischemia 心肌缺血myodynamia 肌力myxedema 粘液性水肿nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nasal sinus 鼻窦nasopharynx 鼻咽nausea 恶心nephrotic facies 肾病面容neurogenic bladder 神经原性膀胱nipple 乳头non-infective fever 非感染性发热nonparoxysmal tachycardia 非阵发性心动过速nuclear icterus 核黄疸nuclear jaundice 核黄疸nystagmus 眼球震颤obesity 肥胖obstetrician hand 助产士手olfactory examination 嗅诊Oliver’s sign 奥利弗氏征opening snap 开瓣音opisthotonos position 角弓反张位Oppenheim’s sign 奥本海姆氏征oral pharynx 口咽organic scoliosis / 脊柱器质性侧凸orthopnea 强迫坐位、端坐呼吸ortho-sthenic type 正力型（均称型）oxycephaly 尖颅pacemaker 起搏点pain /pein/ 疼痛pallor 苍白palpation 触诊palpitation 心悸papule 丘疹paradoxical pulse 奇脉paradoxical splitting 反常分裂paralytic squint 麻痹性斜视paraplegia 截瘫parasternal line 胸骨旁线parasystole 并行心律parietal pleura 壁层胸膜Parkinson’s disease 震颤麻痹parotid gland 腮腺paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, PSVT 阵发性心动过速；阵发性室上性心动过速；阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal tachycardia 阵发性心动过速paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia 阵发性室性心动过速past history 既往史patella clonus 髌阵挛pectoriloquy 胸语音pellagra 糙皮病pendular rhythm 钟摆律peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡percussion 叩诊percussion sound 叩诊音pericardial effusion 心包积液pericardial friction sound 心包摩擦音pericardial knock 心包叩击音peristalsis 蠕动波personal history 个人史petechia 瘀点physical examination 体格检查physiologic splitting 生理分裂pigeon chest 鸡胸pigmentation 色素沉着pitting edema 压陷性水肿pituitary dwarfism 垂体性侏儒症plantar reflex 跖反射pleural effusion 胸腔积液pleural friction fremitus 胸膜摩擦感pleural friction rub 胸膜摩擦音pneumoperitoneum 气腹pneumothorax 气胸pooly 不良position 体位positive position 被动体位posterior axillary line 腋后线posterior midline 后正中线posture 姿势posture scoliosis 姿势性侧凸premature beat 过早搏动premature beat 心房presystolic gallop 收缩期前奔马律protodiastolic gallop 舒张早期奔马律ptosis 上睑下垂pulmonary capillary wedge pressure , PCWP 肺毛细血管楔嵌pulse deficit 脉搏短绌pulse pressure 脉压pulseless 无脉病pulsus alternans 交替脉pulsus magnus 洪脉pulsus tardus 迟脉pupil 瞳孔purpura 紫癜pyrogen 致热原quadruple rhythm 四音律R on T phenomenon R波落在T波上现象rachitic chest 佝偻病胸rachitic rosary 佝偻病串珠radiating pain 放射痛radioperiosteal reflex 桡骨骨膜反射rebound tenderness 反跳痛recurrent fever 回归热redness 发红referred pain 牵涉痛reflex 反射refractory period 不应期regional lung function 区域性肺功能regular 一贯型relative refractory period 相对不应期remittent fever 弛张热residual volume, RV 残气容积resonance 清音retention of urine 尿潴留reversed splitting 逆分裂rhonchi 干罗音rib 肋骨right bundle branch block, RBBB 右束支传导阻滞right lower quadrant 右下腹right upper quadrant 右上腹rigidity 强直性rigor 寒战ringer finger test 指指试验Romberg’s sign 罗姆伯格氏征rosacea 酒渣鼻roseola 玫瑰疹Rotor’s syndrome 罗特尔氏综合征ruler pressing test 尺压试验saddle nose 鞍鼻sardonic feature 苦笑面容scalp 头皮scaphoid 舟状腹scapula 肩胛骨scapular line 肩胛线scar 瘢痕scissors gait 前刀式步态sclera 巩膜scratcb sound 搔弹音senile plaque 老年斑setting sun phenomenon 日落现象sex 性别shifting dullness 移动性浊音sibilant rhonchi 高调干罗音sick sinus syndrome , SSS 病态窦房结综合征sino-auricular block, SAB 窦房传导阻滞sinus arrest 窦性静止sinus arrhythmia 窦性心律不齐sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓sinus phrenicocostalis 肋膈窦sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速size 大小skin eruption 皮疹skin retraction 皮肤回缩skull 头颅small airway function 小气道功能small pulse 细脉smooth tongue 光滑舌somnolence 嗜睡sonorous rhonchi 低调干罗音sore tongue 舌痛spider angioma 蜘蛛痣spinous process 脊柱棘突splitting of heart sounds 心音分裂squared skull 巨颅stabbing pain 刺痛stained yellow 黄染steppage gait 跨阈步态sternal angle, Louis’s angel 胸骨角sternal line 胸骨线stethoscope 听诊器sthenic type 超力型（矮胖型）stool with occult blood 隐血便strawberry tongue 草莓舌stupor 昏睡subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节succussion splash 振水音summation gallop 重叠奔马律superficial appearance 表观情况supraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝suprascapular region 肩胛上区suprasternal fossa 胸骨上窝suprasternal notch 胸骨上切迹symmetry 对称性symptom 症状symptomatology 症状学synaesthesia 复合感觉systems review 系统回顾systolic ejection sounds 收缩期喷射音systolic murmur 收缩性杂音tachypnea 呼吸过速tactile fremitus 触地震颤tarry stool 柏油便temperature 体温tenderness 压痛tenesmus 里急后重tetany 手足搐搦thalposis 温觉thermotaxic center 体温调节中枢thigmesthesia 触觉thirst 渴感thoracic expansion 胸廓扩张度thready pulse 丝脉three depressions sign 三凹征thrill 震颤throbbing pain 绞痛与搏动性痛thrombasthenia 血小板无力症sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓sinus phrenicocostalis 肋膈窦sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速size 大小skin eruption 皮疹skin retraction 皮肤回缩skull 头颅small airway function 小气道功能small pulse 细脉smooth tongue 光滑舌somnolence 嗜睡sonorous rhonchi 低调干罗音sore tongue 舌痛spider angioma 蜘蛛痣spinous process 脊柱棘突splitting of heart sounds 心音分裂squared skull 巨颅stabbing pain 刺痛stained yellow 黄染steppage gait 跨阈步态sternal angle, Louis’s angel 胸骨角sternal line 胸骨线stethoscope 听诊器sthenic type 超力型（矮胖型）stool with occult blood 隐血便strawberry tongue 草莓舌stupor 昏睡subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节succussion splash 振水音summation gallop /s QmeiF([)n gAl[p/ 重叠奔马律superficial appearance 表观情况supraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝suprascapular region 肩胛上区suprasternal fossa 胸骨上窝suprasternal notch 胸骨上切迹symmetry 对称性symptom 症状symptomatology 症状学synaesthesia 复合感觉systems review 系统回顾systolic ejection sounds 收缩期喷射音systolic murmur 收缩性杂音tachypnea 呼吸过速tactile fremitus 触地震颤tarry stool 柏油便temperature 体温tenderness 压痛tenesmus 里急后重tetany 手足搐搦thalposis 温觉thermotaxic center 体温调节中枢thigmesthesia 触觉thirst 渴感thoracic expansion 胸廓扩张度thready pulse 丝脉three depressions sign 三凹征thrill 震颤throbbing pain 绞痛与搏动性痛thrombasthenia 血小板无力症thyroid 甲状腺tidal capacity TC 潮气量tone 语调tongue 舌torsive ventricular tachycardia 扭转型室性心动过速torticolis 斜颈tower skull 塔颅。
第三篇Diagnostics诊断学词汇
Diagnostics [ dai g n stiks]abdomenal wall reflex [ b d min l w :l ri:fleks]腹壁反射abdominal pain [ b d min l pein]腹痛abdominal retraction[b d min l ri tr k n]腹部凹陷abdominal wall varicosis[b d min l w:l v ri k usis]腹壁静脉曲张absolute refractory period[bs lu:t ri fr kt ri pi ri d]绝对不该期absorption fever[b s:p()n fi:v(r)]汲取热accommodation reflex[k m dei()n ri:fleks]调理反射achilles jerk[kili:z d:k]跟腱反射aching pain[eiki pein]酸痛acrocephalosyndactyly[kr u sef l usin d ktili]尖颅并指（趾）畸形acromegaly[kr u meg li]肢端肥大症acromegaly[kr u meg li]肢端肥大症acromegaly facies[kr u meg li fei ii:z]肢端肥大症面貌acropachy[kr up ki]杵状指active position[ktiv p zi()n]自主体位acute abdomen[kju:t bd m n]急腹症acute appendicitis[kju:t pendi saitis]急性阑尾炎acute peritonitis[kju:t perit naitis]急性腹膜炎Adams-Stokes syndrome [d mz st uks sindr um] 亚 -斯二氏综合征Addison ’ s disease[dis nz di zi:z]阿狄森氏病adolescent spurt[d les nt sp:t]青春急激成长adventitious sound[dven ti s saund]附带音age[eid]年纪albinism [ lbiniz m]白化症alternate motion [:lt:neit m u( )n]轮番动作alternative position[:l t:n tiv p zi()n]展转体位alveolar ventilation, V A[l vi l(r)venti lei n]肺泡通肚量alveolar ventilation, V A[l vi l(r)venti lei n]肺泡通肚量amphorophony[mf r f ni]空瓮音analgia [n ld i]痛觉 ,缺失ankle clonus[k()l kl un s]踝阵挛anterior axillary line[n ti ri(r)k sil ri lain] 腋前线anterior midline[n ti ri(r)midlain]前正中线aortic insufficiency[ei:tik ins fi nsi]主动脉瓣封闭不全aortic stenosis[ei:tik sti n usis]全动脉瓣狭小Apert ’ s syndrome[a: p tz sindr um]阿佩尔氏综合征apical belly[eipik()l beli]尖腹apical impulse[ eipik()l imp ls]心尖搏动arcus senilis[a:k s senailis]老年环areola [ri l]乳晕arrhythmia[ri mi]心律失态arthresthesia [a:ris i:zi]关节觉articulatio[a:tikju lei i u]关节articulus[a: tikjul s]关节ascites [saiti:z]腹水asthenic type [ s enik taip]无力型（瘦长型）ataxia [t ksi]共济失调ataxic gait[t ksik geit]共济失调步态athetosis[t usis]手足徐动atrial fibrillation[a:tri l faibri lei n]心房抖动atrial fibrillation[a:tri l faibri lei n]房颤atrial flutter[a:tri l fl t(r)]心房扑动atrial gallop[a:tri l g l p]房性奔马律audition[: di n]听力auricle [:rik()l]耳廓auriculo-ventricular block, AVB[ : rikjul u ven trikjul (r) bl k] 房室传导阻滞auscultation[:sk l tei()n]听诊Austin Flint murmur [:stin flint m :m (r)] 奥斯汀 .弗林特氏杂音axillary fossa[ k sil ri f s]腋窝Babinski sign[b binski sain]巴宾斯基征bacteria pyrogen[b k ti ri pai r ud n]细菌性致热原ballottement[b l tm nt]冲击触诊法barrel chest[b r()l t est]桶状胸basal lung capacity[beis()l l k p siti]基础肺容量basal lung volume[beis()l l v lju:m(lj m)] 基础肺容积beefy tongue[ bi:fi t]牛肉舌belching[ belt i]反酸、嗳气biceps reflex[baiseps ri:fleks]肱二头肌反射bicycle ergometer test[baisik()l: g mit(r)test]踏车运动试验bimanual palpation[bai m nju l p l pei n]双手触诊法Biot ’ s respiration[bi:uz resp rei n] 比奥氏呼吸blood pressure, BP[bl d pre(r)]血压board-like rigidity[b:d laik ri d id ti] 板状腹borborygmus[b:b rigm s]肠鸣音bounding pulse[ baundi p ls]跳脉breast [brest]乳房Broadbent ’ s sign[br dbents sain]布罗德本特氏征bronchial asthma [br ki l sm(zm)]支气管哮喘bronchial breath sound[br ki l bre saund]支气管呼吸音bronchophony[br k uf ni]支气管语音bronchovesicular breath sound [br k uvi sikjul bre saund] 支气管肺泡呼吸音Brudzinski’ s sign [brud inskiz sain]布鲁金斯基氏征Budd-Chiari syndrome [b dki a:ri sindr um] 巴-希二氏综合征buffalo bump[b f l u b mp]水牛背burning pain[b:ni pein]炙烤痛bursting pain[b:sti pein]炙烤痛、胀痛bypass bilirubin[baipa:s ( baip s)bili ru:bin]旁路胆红素cachexia[k keksi]恶病质cachexia[k keksi]恶病质cannon sound[k n n saund] 大泡音capillary pulsation[k pil ri p l sei n] 毛细血管搏动caput medusae [keip t mi: djusi:]海蛇神头 ,梅杜沙氏头cardiac asthma [ka:di k sm(zm)] 心原性哮喘cardiac murmurs[ ka:di k m:m(r)]心脏杂音carotene [ k r ti:n]胡萝卜素carphology[ka: f l d i]摸空症centric fever[ sentrik fi:v(r)]中枢性发热Chaddock’ s sign t[a:d ks sain]查多克氏征chemoreceptor trigger zone [kem uri sept (r) trig (r) z un] 化学感觉器触发带chest pain[t est pein]胸痛chest wall[t est w :l]胸壁Cheyne-Stokes respiration[ t ein-st uks resp rei n]呼吸节律异常chief complaints [t i:f k m pleints]主诉childbearing history[ t aildbe ri hist ri]生育史chorea [k ri ]舞蹈样运动chronic bronchitis[ kr nik br kaitis]慢性支气管炎chronic obstructive emphysema[ kr nik b str ktiv emfi si:m ] 慢性堵塞性肺气肿clasp knife [kl sp naif]折刀claw hand [kl : h nd]爪形手clinical diagnosis [ klinik( )l dai g n usis]临床诊疗clonus [ kl un s]阵挛closing volume, CV [ kl uzi v lju:m(lj m)]闭合肚量coarse rales [k :s reil]粗湿罗音cogwheel breath sound [ k gwi:l bre saund]齿轮呼吸音cogwheel rigidity [ k gwi:l ri d id ti]齿轮强直coin sign [k in sain]叩击征colicky pain[k liki pein]绞痛color sensation[k l(r)sen sei()n]色觉coma [ k um ]昏倒compulsive position[k m p lsiv p zi()n] 逼迫体位compulsive squatting[k m p lsiv skw ti]逼迫蹲位confusion [k n fju:()n]意识模糊conjugated bilirubin[k nd ugeitid bili ru:bin]胆红素葡萄糖醛酸酯或称结全胆红素conjunctive[k n d ktiv]结膜consciousness[k n snis]意识状态consistency[k n sist nsi]硬度consistency and elasticity[k n sist nsi il s tisiti]硬度和弹性constipation[k nsti pei()n]便秘continuous[k n tinju s]连续型continuous fever[k n tinju s fi:v(r)]稽留热continuous murmur[k n tinju s m:m(r)]连续性杂音contour [ k ntu(r)]外形convergence reflex[k n v:d ns ri:fleks]辐辏反射convulsion/k n v l()n/惊厥cornea / k:ni/角膜corneal reflex /k:ni l ri:fleks/角膜反射costispinal angle/k sti spain l g()l/ 肋脊角cough /k f (k :f)/咳嗽Courvoisier’ s sign/ku vwa:zi eiz sain/库尔瓦泽尔兹氏征Courvoisier-Terrier syndrome /ku vwa:zi eite jeisindr um/ 库 - 特二氏组合征，无痛性黄疸crackles rale /kr k()l reil/爆裂音cremasteric reflex/krim s terik ri:fleks/提睾反射crepitus / krepit s/捻发音crescendo /kri end u/递加型crescendo-decrescendo /kri end u- di:kri end u/递加递减型cretinism / kretiniz m/克汀病，痴人病，呆小病Crigler-Najiar’ s syndromekrigl/na:d i z sindr um/柯-加二氏综合征crisis / kraisis/骤降，危象critical facies / kritik()l fei ii:z/病危面貌Crohn’ s disease/kr unz di ’ zi:z/ 克隆氏病crossed paralysis /kr st p r lisis/交错瘫Cushing’ s disease/ ku i di zi:z/肾上腺皮质功能亢进Cushing ’ s syndrome/ku i z sindr um/ 库辛氏综合征cyanosis / sai n usis/紫绀Damoiseau’ s curve /da:mwa: z uz k :v/曲线decrescendo /di:kri end u/递减型deep palpation/ di:p p l pei n/深部触诊法deep press palpation /di:p pres p l pein/ 深压触诊法deep slipping palpation/di:p slipi p l pei n/深部滑行触诊法deforming skull/di f:mi sk l/变形颅delirium/di liri m/谵妄dermographism /d:m gr fiz m/皮肤划纹征development/di vel pm nt/发育diagnosis/dai g n usis/诊疗diarrhea/dai ri:/腹泻diastolic murmur/dai st lik m:m(r)/舒张期杂音dicrotic pulse/dai kr tik p ls/重搏脉diffusion ,D L/di fju:()n/弥散diplopia/di pl upi/ 复视direct percussion/di rekt (dai rekt)p k()n/直接叩诊法disturbance of consciousness /di st:b ns k n snis/意识阻碍disturbance of consciousness /dis t:b ns k n snis/意识阻碍dough kneading sensation /d u ni:di sen sei ()n/揉面感Down syndrome/daun sindr um/道氏综合征，天生愚型dropped pulse /dr pt p ls/零落脉drunken man gait/ dr k n m n geit/醉酒步态Dubin-Johnson ’s yndrome/du:bin d ns()nz sindr um/ 杜 - 约二氏综合征dull pain/d l pein/钝痛dullness/d lnis/浊音dullness/d lnis/浊音Duroziez ’ s murmur/dju r zi eiz m :m (r)/两重杂音dydrops /daidr ps/积水dyspnea /disp ni: /呼吸困难dysuria /dis ju ri /尿痛ear drum /i (r) dr m/鼓膜early systolic ejection sounds / :li si st lik i d ek n saund/ 缩短初期发射音ecchymosis / eki m usis/瘀斑ECG exercise test / eks saiz test/心电图运动负荷试验edema /i di:m /水肿effective refractory /i fektiv ri fr kt ri/有效不该期egophony/e g f ni/羊鸣音elasticity /il s tisiti/弹性electrocardiogram, ECG/i lektr u ka:di ugr m/ 心电图elephantedema / elif ti di:m /象皮肿elephantiasic crus /elif n tai sik kr s/象皮腿emaciation/i meisi ei n/消瘦embryocardia/embri u ka:dia/胎心律endogenous pyrogen /en d d in s pai r ud n/内源性致热原enophthalmos=enophthalmus/en f lm s/眼球下陷enophthalmus= enophthalmos /en f lm s/眼球下陷entropion/en tr upi n/睑内翻epistaxis/epi st ksis/鼻衄exogenous pyrogen/ek s d n s pai r ud n/外源性致热原expectoration/ek spekt rei n/咯痰expiratory capacity, ERV /ik spai r t ri k p siti/补呼肚量expression /ik spre ( )n/表情external auditory canal /ek st :n( )l:dit ri ( d t :ri) k n l/外耳道eyeball / aib :l/眼球eyebrow / aibrau/眼眉eyelids / ailid/眼睑face /feis/颜面facial features/fei ()lfi:t(r)/面貌fairly / fe li/中等family history/f mili hist ri/家族史festination gait/festi nei n geit/慌乱步态fever type / fi:v (r) taip/热型fine rales /fain reil/细湿罗音finger nose test / fi g (r) n uz test/指鼻试验fixed splitting /fikst spliti /固定分裂flat chest /fl t t est/扁平胸flatfoot / fl t u:t/平跖足flatness/ fl tnis/实音flatness/ fl tnis/实音floating patella phenomenon/ fl utip tel fi n min n/ 浮髌现象fluctuation /fl ktju ei n/颠簸感fluid thrill/flu:id ril/液波震颤forced standing position /f:st st ndi p zi( )n/逼迫停立位forced vital capacity, FVC / f :st vait l k p siti/使劲肺活量four limbs /f :(r) lim/四肢frequent micturition/fri:kw nt miktju ri()n/尿频frog belly/fr g (fr:g)beli/蛙腹frog belly/fr g (fr:g)beli/蛙腹Frohlich’syndrome/ fr:li z sindr um/肥胖性生殖无能 ,弗勒利希氏综合征function residual capacity, FRC/f k( )n ri zidju l k p siti/ 功能残肚量funnel chest/ f n()l t est/漏斗胸gallop rhythm/g l p ri m (ri m)/奔马律Garland ’ s triangle/ga:l ndz trai gl/加兰德氏三角gas distribution/g s distri bju:()n/气体散布gastral or intestinal pattern/g str l in testin l p t n/胃型或肠型general data/ d en r()l deit(d t)/一般项目genua valgus/ d enju v lg s/“ O”形腿畸形genua varus/ d enju v r s/膝内翻geographic tongue /d i:gr fik t/地图舌gigantism/d ai g ntiz m/巨人症Gilbert ’ s syndromegilb/tz sindr um/吉尔伯氏综合征Gordon’ s sign g/ :d nz sain/戈登氏征Graham Steell murmur/grei m sti:l m :m (r)/ 杂音Grocco ’ s triangle/gr uk z trai gl/格罗科氏三角gums /g m/牙龈habitus / h bit s/体型hair /he (r)/毛发，头发hairy tongue/ he ri t/毛舌Harrison’ s groove/ h ris nz gru:v/肋膈沟headache / hedeik/头痛heel-knee-tibia test /hi:l ni: tibi test/跟-膝-胫试验hematemesis / hi:(he)m temisis/呕血hematochezia / hem t ki:zi /便血hematuria / hi:( he)m tju ri /血尿hemiparalysis / hemi p r lisis/偏瘫hemoptysis /hi m ptisis/咯血hepatic facies /hi p tik fei ii:z/肝病面貌Hippocrates /hi p kr ti:z/希波克拉底（被称为医学之父）history of present illness / hist ri prez( )nt ilnis/现病史Hodgkin / h d kin/霍奇金Hoffmann ’ s sign h/ fm nz sain/霍夫曼氏征holosystolic murmur/h l usi st lik m:m(r)/全缩短期杂音Horner’ s syndrome/ h :n(r)z sindr um/霍纳氏综合征hyperresonance / haip rez n ns/过清音hyperresonance / haip rez n ns/过清音hyperventilation syndrome/haip venti lei()n sindr um(dr m)/过度换气综合征hypogastric region/haip g strik ri:d n/下腹部idioventricular rhythm/idi uven trikjul ri( )m/室性异搏心律，自发室性心律immediate percussion/i mi:di t p k()n/直接叩诊incontinence of urine/in k ntin ns ju rin/尿失禁indirect percussion/indi rekt p k()n/间接叩诊法infective fever /in fektiv fi:v(r)/感染性发热inferior diaphragmatic infarction/in fi ri dai fr g m tik in fa:kn/下壁心肌堵塞infrascapular region/infr sk pjul ri:d n/肩胛下区infrasternal angle /infr st:n l g()l/胸骨下角inquiry /in kwai ri ( inkwiri)/问诊inspection /in spek ( )n/视诊inspiratory capacity, IC/in spai r t ri k p siti/深吸肚量intercostal space /int k st l speis/肋空隙interleukin I /int lju:kin/白细胞介素intermittent claudication /int mit nt kl:di kei n/ 间歇性跛行intermittent fever/int mit nt fi:v(r)/体歇热interscapular region/int sk pjul(r)ri:d n/肩胛间区intestinal obstruction/in testin l b str k n/肠堵塞inward impulse/ inw d imp ls/负性心尖搏动iris / ai ris/虹膜irregular fever /i regjul(r)fi:v(r)/ 不规则热irritable bowel syndrome,IBS /irit b()l bau l sindr um/肠易激综合征jaundice / d:ndis/黄疸junctional premature beat/ d nk n l prem t u(r)bi:t/ 交界性早搏Kayser-Fleischer ring / kaiz (r)flai/凯-弗二氏环Kent ’ s bundle/kents b ndl/肯特氏束，房室肌束Kernig ’ s signk/ :nigz sain/克尼格氏征Klebsiellar pneumonia / klebzi el nju:(nu:) m uni /克雷白杆菌肺炎knee jerk /ni: d:k/膝反射knife-like pain /naif laik pein/刀割样痛koilonychia / k il u niki /匙状甲Kussmaul ’ s respiration/ kusmaulz resp rei n/库斯毛尔氏呼吸kyphosis /kai f usis/脊柱后凸laryngeal pharynx/l rind i l f ri ks/喉咽larynx / l ri ks/喉Lasegue ’ s sign/la: si:gz sain/拉塞格氏征late diastolic gallop/leit dai st lik g l p/舒张后期奔马律latent jaundice/ leit nt d:ndis/隐性黄疸left anterior fascicular block, left anterior bemiblock,LAH/left n ti ri (r) f sikjul (r)bl k/前支传导阻滞left bundle branch block, LBBB/left b nd( )l bra:nt bl k/左束支传导阻滞left lower quadrant/left l u(r)kw dr nt/ 左下腹left posterior fascicular block或 left posterior hemiblock,LPH/left p sti ri (r)f sikjul(r)bl k/后支传导阻滞left upper quadrant/left p(r)kw dr nt/ 左上腹leukocytic pyrogen/lju:k u sitik pai r ud n/ 白细胞致热原leukoplakia / lju:k u pleiki /白斑light palpation / lait p l pei n/浅部触诊法liver cirrhosis / liv (r) si r usis/肝硬化liver palms / liv (r) pa:m/肝掌liver thrill / liv (r)ril/震颤lobar pneumonia / l ub (r) nju:(nu:) m uni /大叶性肺炎location /l u kei ( )n/部位lordosis /l : d usis/脊柱前凸luminar flow/lumin fl u/层流lung volume/l v lju:m(lj m)/肺容积lymphedema / limfi di:m / 淋巴性水肿maculae /m kjuli:/斑疹maculopapulae/m kjul p pju:li:/斑丘疹manubrium sterni/m nu:bri m st:nai/胸骨柄Marfan ’ s syndrome/ma: fa:nz sindr um/马方氏综合征marrital history/ m rit l hist ri/婚姻史masked facies/ma:(m)skt fei ii:z/ 面具面貌masses /m s(ma:s)/包块Master 2-step exercise / ma:st (r) ( m st r)‘ ekssaiz/二级梯运动mastoid / m st id/乳突maximal midexpiratary flow curve MMEF、MMF/ m ksim( )l mideks pair t ri fl u k :v/最大喊气中段流量maximal voluntary ventilation, MVV/ m ksim( )l v l nt ri venti lei n/最大通肚量McBurney’ s incision /m k b :ni:z in si n/麦克伯尼氏切口mediate percussion / mi:dieit p k( )n/间接叩诊medium rales / mi:di m reil/中湿罗音melanin / mel nin/黑色素melena /m li:n/ 黑便menstrual history/menstru l hist ri/ 月经史microcephaly/maikr u sef li/小颅 ,小头畸形midaxillary line/mid k sil ri lain/腋中线midclavicular line/midkl vikjul lain/锁骨中线middle and late systolic clicks/mid( )l leit si st lik klik/ 缩短中、后期喀音migratory glossitis/maigr t ri gl saitis/移行性舌炎minute ventilation VE/minit venti lei n/每分钟静息通肚量mitral facies / maitr l fei ii:z/二尖瓣面貌mitral insufficiency/ maitr l ins fi nsi/二尖瓣封闭不全mitral stenosis / maitr l sti n usis/二尖瓣狭小mobility /m u bil ti/活动度moist rale /m ist reil/湿罗音moisture / m ist(r)/湿度mono-phasic curve/m n u feizik k:v/单相曲线monoplegia/m n u pli:gi/单瘫moon facies/ mu:n fei ii:z/满月面貌mouth /mau /口mucocutaneous hemorrhage / mju:k ukju teini s hem rid / 皮肤粘膜出血Murphy button/ m:fi b t n/墨菲氏钮（肠符合钮）muscle atrophy/ m s()l tr fi/肌肉萎缩muscular tone / m skjul (r) t un/肌张力Musset ’ s sign/mju:seits/缪塞氏征（头节律性跳动）myocardial infarction/mai u ka:di l in fa:k n/心肌堵塞myocardial injury /mai u ka:di l ind ri/“ 损害性”改变myocardial ischemia/mai u ka:di l is ki:mi/心肌缺血myodynamia/ mai udai n mi/肌力myxedema /miks di:m/黏液性水肿nasal ala flap/ neiz()l eil fl p/鼻翼扇动nasal sinus /neiz( )l sain s/鼻窦nasopharynx/ neiz u f ri ks/鼻咽nausea / n :si ( n :zi )/恶心nephrotic facies/ne fr tik fei ii:z/肾病面貌neurogenic bladder/nju r u d enik bl d(r)/神经原性膀胱nipple / nip()l/乳头non-infective fever/n in fektiv fi:v(r)/非感染性发热nonparoxysmal tachycardia/n np r ksizm l t ki ka:di / 非阵发性心动过速nuclear icterus//nju:(nu:)kli(r)ikt r s/ 核黄疸nuclear jaundice/nju:(nu:)kli(r)d:ndis/核黄疸nystagmus/ni st gm s/眼球震颤obesity /u bi:s ti/肥胖obstetrician hand/bste tri n h nd/ 助产士手olfactory examination/ l f kt ri ig z mi nei()n/ 嗅诊Oliver ’ s sign/liv z sain/奥利弗氏征opening snap/up ni sn p/开瓣音opisthotonos position/pis t n s p zi()n/角弓反张位Oppenheim’ s sign / penhaimz sain/奥本海姆氏征oral pharynx/:r l f ri ks/口咽organic scoliosis/: g nik sk li usis ( sk uli usis)/ 脊柱器质性侧凸orthopnea/:pni/逼迫坐位、端坐呼吸ortho-sthenic type/:s enik taip/正力型（均称型）oxycephaly/ksi sef li/尖颅pacemaker/peismeik(r)/起搏点pain/pein/痛苦pallor/ p l(r)/苍白palpation/p l pei n/触诊palpitation/p lpi tei( )n/心悸papule /p pju:l/丘疹paradoxical pulse/p r d ksik l p ls/ 奇脉paradoxical splitting/p r d ksik l spliti /失常分裂paralytic squint/p r litik skwint/麻木性斜视paraplegia/p r pli:d/截瘫parasternal line/p r st:n l lain/胸骨旁线parasystole/p r sist li/并行心律parietal pleura/p rait()l plu r/壁层胸膜Parkinson’ s disease/pa:kins nz di zi:z/震颤麻木Parkinson’ s disease/pa:kins nz di zi:z/震颤麻木 ,帕金森氏瘤parotid gland/pe r tid gl nd/腮腺paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, PSVT/p(p)r k(r k)sizm l t ki ka:di /阵发性心动过速paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, PSVT/p(p)r k(r k)sizm l sju:pr ven trikjul t ki ka:di/阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,PSVT/p(p)r k(r k)sizm l sju:pr ven trikjul t ki ka:di/阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal tachycardia/ p(p)r k(r k)sizm l t ki ka:di /阵发性心动过速paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia/p(p)r k(r k)sizm l ven trikjul(r)t ki ka:di/阵发性室性心动过速past history /pa:st (p st)hist ri/既往史patella clonus/p tel kl un s/髌阵挛pectoriloquy / pekt ril kwei/胸语音pellagra /pi l gr/糙皮病pendular rhythm /pendju(dj)l(r)ri m (ri m)/ 钟摆律peptic ulcer/peptik ls(r)/消化性溃疡percussion/p k()n/叩诊percussion sound/p k( )n saund/叩诊音pericardial effusion/peri ka:di l i fju:( )n/心包积液pericardial friction sound/peri ka:di l frik()n saund/ 心包摩擦音pericardial knock/peri ka:di l n k/心包叩击音peristalsis /peri st ksis/蠕动波personal history / p :s n( )l hist ri/个人史petechia /pi ti:(te)ki/瘀点physical examination/fizik l ig z mi nei()n/体格检查physical examination/fizik l ig z mi nei()n/体格检查physiologic splitting/fizi u l d ik spliti/生理分裂pigeon chest / pid ( )n t est/鸡胸pigmentation /pigm n tei()n/色素沉稳pitting edema/piti i di:m/压陷性水肿pituitary dwarfism/pi tju:it ri (pi tu:teri)dw:fiz m/垂体性侏儒症plantar reflex/ pl nt(r)ri:fleks/跖反射pleural effusion/plu r l i fju:()n/胸腔积液pleural friction fremitus/plu r l frik()n fremit s/胸膜摩擦感pleural friction rub/plu r l frik()n r b/胸膜摩擦音pneumoperitoneum/nju:m u peri t uni m/气腹pneumothorax/nju:m u:r ks/气胸pooly/ pu:li/不良position/p zi()n/体位positive position/p zitiv p zi ()n/被动体位posterior axillary line/p sti ri(r)k sil ri lain/腋后线posterior midline/p sti ri(r)midlain/后正中线posture/ p st(r)/姿势posture scoliosis/p st(r)sk li usis (sk uli usis)/ 姿势性侧凸premature beat/prem t u(r)bi:t/过早搏动premature beat/prem t u(r) (pri:m tu r)bi:t/心房presystolic gallop/prisi st lik g l p/缩短期前奔马律protodiastolic gallop /pr ut dai st lik g l p/舒张初期奔马律ptosis / pt usis/ 上睑下垂pulmonary capillary wedge pressure , PCWP/ p lm n ri k pil ri wed pre(r)/肺毛细血管楔嵌pulse deficit/p ls defisit/脉搏短绌pulse deficit/p ls defisit/短绌或短绌脉pulse pressure /p ls pre(r)/脉压pulseless / p lslis/无脉病pulsus alternans/ p ls s:lt:n n/ 交替脉pulsus magnus/p ls s m gn s/洪脉pulsus tardus/p ls s ta:d s/迟脉pupil / pju:pil/瞳孔purpura/ p :pju r /紫癜pyrogen/ pai(pi)r ud n/致热原quadruple rhythm/kw drup()l (kw dru:plrim ( rim)/ 四乐律R on T phenomenon/fi n min n(n n)/rachitic chest/r(r)kitik t est/佝偻病胸rachitic rosary /r(r)kitik r uz ri/佝偻病串珠radiating pain / reidieit pein/放射痛radioperiosteal reflex/reidi u peri sti l ri:fleks/ 桡骨骨膜反射rebound tenderness /ri:baund (ri baund)tend nis/ 反跳痛recurrent fever /ri k r nt fi:v(r)/回归热redness / rednis/发红referred pain /ri f :d pein/涉及痛reflex /ri:fleks/反射refractory period /ri fr kt ri pi ri d/不该期regional lung function/ri:d n()l f k ()n/地区性肺功能regular/regjul(r)/一向型relative refractory period/rel tiv ri fr kt ri pi ri d/相对不该期remittent fever/ri mit()nt fi:v(r)/弛张热residual volume, RV/ri zidju l v lju:m(lj m)/残气容积resonance/rez n ns/清音resonance/rez n ns/清音retention of urine/ri ten()n ju rin/尿潴留reversed splitting/ri v:st spliti/逆分裂rhonchi/r kai/干罗音rib /rib/肋骨right bundle branch block, RBBB/rait b nd( )l bra:nt bl k/ 右束支传导阻滞right lower quadrant/rait l u(r)kw dr nt/右下腹right upper quadrant/rait p(r)kw dr nt/右上腹rigidity/ri d id ti/强直性rigor /raig:(r) (rig(r)/寒战ringer finger test /ri(r)fi g(r) test/指指试验Romberg’ s sign k/mb:gz sign/罗姆伯格氏征rosacea/r u zei i/酒渣鼻roseola/r u zi:l(r uzi ul)/玫瑰疹Rotor ’ s syndrome/ r ut(r)sindr um/罗特尔氏综合征ruler pressing test / ru:l (r)presi test/尺压试验saddle nose / s dl n uz/鞍鼻sardonic feature /sa: d nik fi:t(r)/苦笑面貌scalp /sk lp/头皮scaphoid / sk f id/舟状腹scapula / sk pjul /肩胛骨scapular line / sk pjul (r) lain/肩胛线scar /ska:(r)/瘢痕scissors gait / siz z geit/前刀式步态sclera / skli r(skle r )/巩膜scratcb sound/skr t saund/搔弹音senile plaque/si:nail pla:k (pl k)/老年斑setting sun phenomenon / seti s n fi n min n(n n)/ 日落现象sex /seks/性别shifting dullness/ifti d lnis/挪动性浊音sibilant rhonchi/sibil nt r kai/高调干罗音sick sinus syndrome , SSS /sik sain s sindr um(dr m)/ 病态窦房结综合征sino-auricular block, SAB/sain u: rikjul(r)bl k/窦房传导阻滞sinus arrest / sain s rest/窦性静止sinus arrhythmia/sain s ri mi/窦性心律不齐sinus arrhythmia/sain s ri mi/窦性心律不齐sinus bradycardia/sain s br di ka:di/窦性心动过缓sinus phrenicocostalis/sain s frinik k s t lis/肋膈窦sinus tachycardia / sain s t ki ka:di /窦性心动过速size /saiz/大小skin eruption /skin i r p ( )n/皮疹skin retraction /skin ri tr k n/皮肤回缩skull /sk l/头颅small airway function/sm :l e wei f k( )n/吝啬道功能small pulse /sm:l p ls/细脉smooth tongue/smu:t/ 圆滑舌somnolence /s mn l ns/嗜睡sonorous rhonchi/s n :r s ( s n r s)r kai/低调干罗音sore tongue /s:(r)t/舌痛spider angioma/ spaid(r)nd i um/蜘蛛痣spinous process/ spain s pr uses ( pr ses)/ 脊柱棘突splitting of heart sounds/ spliti ha:t saund/心音分裂squared skull / skwe (r) sk l/巨颅stabbing pain/ st bi pein/刺痛stained yellow/ stein jel u/黄染steppage gait/ stepeid geit/跨阈步态sternal angle, Louis’ s/stangel:n l g( )l lu:is (lwi:s)/ 胸骨角sternal line /st:n l lain/胸骨线stethoscope/ ste sk up/听诊器sthenic type/ s enik taip/超力型（矮胖型）stool with occult blood/stu:l( )k lt bl d/隐血便strawberry tongue/ str:b ri (beri)t/ 草莓舌stupor / stju:p (r) ( stu:p(r)/昏睡subcutaneous emphysema /s bkju: teini s emfi si:m /皮下气肿subcutaneous nodule/s bkju:teini s n dju:l/皮下结节succussion splash /s k n spl/振水音summation gallop /s mei()n g l p/重叠奔马律superficial appearance/ su:(sju:)p fi()l pi r ns/表观状况supraclavicular fossa/sju:pr kl vikjul f s /锁骨下窝suprascapular region/sju:pr sk pjul ri:d n/肩胛上区suprasternal fossa /sju:pr st:n l f s/胸骨上窝suprasternal notch /sjupr st:n l n t /胸骨上切迹symmetry / simitri/对称性symptom / simpt m/症状symptomatology / simpt m t l d i/症状学synaesthesia / sinis(ni:s) i:zi ( i )/复合感觉systems review / sist m ri vju:/系统回首systolic ejection sounds /si st lik i d ek n saund/缩短期发射音systolic murmur/si st lik m :m(r)/缩短性杂音tachypnea / t kip ni: /呼吸过速tactile fremitus/ t ktail fremit s/触地震颤tarry stool/ t ri stu:l/柏油便temperature / temprit(r)/体温tenderness / tend nis/压痛tenesmus /ti nez(s)m s/里急后重tetany / tet ni/手足搐搦thalposis / l p usis/温觉thermotaxic center /:m u t ksik sent (r)/体温调理中枢thigmesthesia /igmis i:zi /触觉thirst /:st/渴感thoracic expansion/:(u)r sik ik sp n()n/胸廓扩充度thready pulse/redi p ls/丝脉three depressions sign/ri:di pre ()n sain/三凹征thrill / ril/震颤throbbing pain/r bi pein/绞痛与搏动性痛thrombasthenia /r mb s i:ni/血小板无力症sinus bradycardia/sain s br di ka:di/窦性心动过缓sinus phrenicocostalis/sain s frinik k s t lis/ 肋膈窦sinus tachycardia/sain s t ki ka:di/ 窦性心动过速size /saiz/ 大小skin eruption/skin i r p()n/皮疹skin retraction/skin ri tr k n/皮肤回缩skull /sk l/头颅small airway function /sm :l e wei f k ( )n/吝啬道功能small pulse /sm :l p ls/细脉smooth tongue /smu:t/圆滑舌somnolence / s mn l ns/嗜睡sonorous rhonchi/s n :r s ( s n r s)r kai/低调干罗音sore tongue /s :(r)t/舌痛spider angioma / spaid (r)nd i um/蜘蛛痣spinous process/ spain s pr uses ( pr ses)/ 脊柱棘突splitting of heart sounds/spliti ha:t saund/心音分裂squared skull/skwe(r)sk l/巨颅stabbing pain/st bi pein/刺痛stained yellow/stein jel u/黄染steppage gait/stepeid geit/跨阈步态sternal angle, Louis’ s/stangel:n l g( )l lu:is (lwi:s)/ 胸骨角sternal line /st:n l lain/胸骨线stethoscope / ste sk up/听诊器sthenic type / s enik taip/超力型（矮胖型）stool with occult blood/stu:l()k lt bl d/隐血便strawberry tongue/str:b ri (beri)t/草莓舌stupor / stju:p (r) (stu:p(r)/昏睡subcutaneous emphysema /s bkju: teini s emfi si:m /皮下气肿subcutaneous nodule/s bkju:teini s n dju:l/皮下结节succussion splash/s k n spl/振水音summation gallop/s mei()n g l p/重叠奔马律superficial appearance /su:(sju:)p fi()l pi r ns/表观状况supraclavicular fossa/sju:pr kl vikjul f s /锁骨下窝suprascapular region/sju:pr sk pjul ri:d n/肩胛上区suprasternal fossa/sju:pr st:n l f s/胸骨上窝suprasternal notch/sjupr st:n l n t /胸骨上切迹symmetry / simitri/对称性symptom / simpt m/症状symptomatology / simpt m t l d i/症状学synaesthesia / sinis(ni:s) i:zi ( i )/复合感觉systems review / sist m ri vju:/系统回首systolic ejection sounds /si st lik i d ek n saund/缩短期发射音systolic murmur/si st lik m :m(r)/缩短性杂音tachypnea / t kip ni: /呼吸过速tactile fremitus/ t ktail fremit s/触地震颤tarry stool/ t ri stu:l/柏油便temperature / temprit(r)/体温tenderness / tend nis/压痛tenesmus /ti nez(s)m s/里急后重tetany /tet ni/手足搐搦thalposis/l p usis/温觉thermotaxic center/:m u t ksiksent (r)/ 体温调理中枢thigmesthesia/igmis i:zi/ 触觉thirst /:st/渴感thoracic expansion/:(u)r sik ik sp n( )n/胸廓扩充度thready pulse/redi p ls/丝脉three depressions sign/ri:di pre()n sain/三凹征thrill / ril/震颤throbbing pain/r bi pein/绞痛与搏动性痛thrombasthenia /r mb s i:ni/血小板无力症thyroid / air id/甲状腺tidal capacity TC / taid( )l k p siti/潮肚量tone /t un/语调tongue/t/舌torsive ventricular tachycardia/ t:siv ven trikjul(r)t ki ka:di/扭转型室性心动过速torticolis/t:ti k lis/斜颈sk l/塔颅tower skull/ tau(r)。
诊断学( Diagnostics)
临床诊断学发展简史
1.祖国医学 2.西方医学 3.近代医学
中国古代医学
辨认：心肌缺血、心梗、房室肥大、期前收缩、房颤、 室颤、传导阻滞等常见异常改变
5、能系统整理资料，书写规范化病历 6、能综合分析资料，提出诊断印象或初步诊断
心电图、超声、内窥镜、X线、CT、磁共振、PET„„
临床上常用的各种诊断操作技术：
如：胸腔穿刺、腹腔穿刺、骨髓穿刺„„
诊断学的任务
如何接触病人
如何通过问诊确 切了解病情 如何正确运用视、 触分析、鉴别诊断
初步诊断
诊断的学习要领
搜集资料
采集病史 体格检查 化验与特检 观察疾病全过程
医生用自己的感官或传统的辅助器具对患者进行系统的
观察和检查，揭示肌体正常和异常征象的临床诊断方法。
动作协调、轻柔、规范，既不使患者感到不适，又能获得准确结果。
Inspection (视） Palpation （触） Percussion （叩）
Auscultation （听）
4、实验室检查（laboratory examination）
2、症状和体征
症状(symptom): 患者患病后对肌体生理功能异 常的自身体验和感觉，即主诉（complaints）
如：瘙痒、头痛、心悸、气短、胀闷、恶心、眩晕„„
体征(sign): 患者的体表或内部结构发生可察觉 的改变
如：皮肤黄染、肝脾肿大、心脏杂音„„
3、体格检查（physical examinaton）
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症状symptom体征sign体格检查physical examination 实验室检查laboratory examination 触诊palpation冲击触诊法ballottement清音resonance鼓音tympany过清音hyperresonance浊音dullness实音flatness听诊auscultation嗅诊smelling稽留热continued fever弛张热remittent fever间歇热intermittent fever波状热undulant fever回归热recurrent fever不规则热irregular fever寒战rigor全身性水肿anasarca心源性水肿cardiac edema肾源性水肿renal edema肝源性水肿hepatic edema黏液性水肿myxedema特发性水肿idiopathic edema血管神经性水肿angioneurotic edema 胸痛chest pain放射痛radiating pain发绀cyanosis心悸palpitation心包积液pericardial effusion充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure 咳痰expectoration咯血hemoptysis呼吸困难dyspnea大叶性肺炎lobar pneumonia慢性阻塞性肺气肿chronicobstructive emphysema支气管哮喘bronchial asthma 胸腔积液pleural effusion 气胸pneumothorax 恶心nausea呕吐vomiting呕血hematemesis黑便melena 便血hematochezia隐血occultblood里急后重tenesmus腹痛abdominal pain腹泻diarrhea便秘constipation黄疸jaundice血尿hematuria尿频frequentmicturition尿急urgent m]ctunt]on尿痛(排尿困难) dysuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria头痛headache昏厥syncope嗜睡somnolence意识模糊confusion昏睡stupor昏迷coma生命征vital sign恶病质cachexia肥胖obesiy意识障碍disturbance ofconsciousness瘀点petechia血肿hematoma肝掌liverpalms蜘蛛痣spiderangioma淋巴结肿大lymphnodeenlargement 胸骨角sternalangle胸壁chest wall皮下气肿subcutaneousemphysema 扁平胸flatchest桶状胸barrelchest三凹征Three depressionssion酸中毒呼吸Kussmaul breath潮式呼吸chevne-stokes breath语音震颤vocaltremitus肺泡呼吸音vesicularbreathsounds支气管呼吸音bronchialbreathsounds 口罗音rale湿口啰音moistrale干口罗音rhonchi语音共振vocalresonance胸膜摩擦音pleuralfrictionrub心尖搏动apicalimpulse震颤thrill心房颤动atrial fibrillation心房扑动atrial flutter期前收缩premature beat心律cardiac rhythm大炮音cannon sound心音分裂splitting of heart sounds三音律triple rhythm四音律quadruple rhythm二联律bigeminy三联律trigeminy奔马律gallop rhythm开瓣音opening snap心包叩击音pericardial knock肿瘤扑落音tumor plop喀喇音click收缩期杂音systolic murmur舒张期杂音diastolic murmur连续性杂音continuous murmur心包摩擦音pedcardial friction sound主动脉瓣狭窄aortic stenosis主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic insufficiency二尖瓣关闭不全mitral insufficiency二尖瓣狭窄mitral stenosis肺动脉瓣相对性关闭不全杂音Graham Steell二尖瓣相对性狭窄杂音Austin Flint脉搏短绌deficit pulse水冲脉waterhammer pulse奇脉paradoxical pulse血压systemic blood pressure动态血压监测ambulatory blood pressuremonitoring(ABPM)枪击音pistol shot sound毛细血管搏动征capillary pulsation?肋脊角costovertebral angle左季肋部left hypochondrial region左腰部left lumber region；左髂部left iliac region；右季肋部right hypochondrial region 右腰部right lumber region；右髂部right iliac region；上腹部epigastric region；脐部umbilical region；umbilical 下腹部hypogastric region中上腹epigastrium腹水ascites蛙腹frog belly气腹pneumoperitoneum腹部凹陷abdominal retraction腹部膨胀abdominal distension舟状腹scaphoid abdomen水母头caput medusae胃、肠型gastral or intestinal pattern 蠕动波peristalsis板状腹board-like rigidity揉面感dough kneading sensation 压痛tenderness反跳痛rebound tenderness腹肌紧张(强直) Abdominalmuscle rigid(guarding)莫菲征Murphy's sign波动感fluctuation肝震颤liver thrill肝、脾肿大liver and spleen enlargement 肝肿大hepatomegaly脾肿大splenomegaly腹块abdominal mass直肠检查rectal examination外痔external haemorrhoids瘘管fistulae液波震颤fluid thrill振水音succussion splash移动性浊音shifting dullness尺压试验ruler pressing test肠鸣音bowel sounds摩擦音friction sound搔弹音scratch sound消化性溃疡pepticulcer黑便melena急性腹膜炎acute peritonitis肝硬化liver cirrhosis蜘蛛痣spider angioma急性阑尾炎acute appendicitis阑尾点McBurney Point肠梗阻intestinal obstruction不对称asymmetry搏动pulsation手术疤痕surgical scar脊柱后突kvohosis杵状指acrooachv肢端肥大acromegalv 肌张力muscletone 角膜反射cornealreflex 膝反射kneereflex 踝阵挛ankkclonus中性粒细胞neutrophil嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophil嗜碱性粒细胞basophil淋巴细胞lymphocyte单核细胞monocyte网织红细胞reticulocyte红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rate 血细胞比容hematocrit骨髓bone marrow浆细胞plasmacyte巨核细胞megakaryocyte过氧化物酶peroxidase缺铁性贫血iron deficiency anemia溶血性贫血hemolytic anemia巨幼细胞贫血megaloblastic anemia白血病leukemia骨髓增生异常综合征myelodysplastic syndrome多发性骨髓瘤multiple myeloma原发性血小板减少性紫癜idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura血小板platelet纤维蛋白原fibrinogen凝血时间clotting time出血时间bleeding time纤溶fibrinolvsis纤溶酶plasmin凝血酶thrombin凝血酶原prothrombin凝血活酶thromboplastin血粘度blood viscosity脑脊液cerebrospinal fluid 漏出液transudate渗出液exudate无尿anuria 胆红素尿bilirubinuria乳糜尿chyluria尿频frequency of micturition血尿hematuria镜下血尿microscopic hematuria少尿oliguria多尿polyuria蛋白尿proteinuria脓尿pyuna尿急urgency of micturition肝功能试验liver function test血清总蛋白serum total protein血清白蛋白serum albumin血清球蛋白serum globulin蛋白电泳protein electrophoresis前白蛋白prealbumin凝血酶原时间prothrombin time胆红素bilirubin非结合胆红素unconjugated bilirubin尿胆原urobilinoaen尿胆素urobilin胆酸eholicacid靛氰绿indocvanine green，ICG丙氨酸氨基转移酶alanine aminotransferase，ALT 天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶aspartate aminotransferase，AST同工酶isoenzyme碱性磷酸酶alkalinephosphatase，ALP Y—谷氨酰转移酶Y—glutamyl transferase单胺氧化酶monoamine oxidase，MAO甲胎蛋白alpha fetoprotein AFP免疫球蛋白immunoglobulin，Ig补体complement，C总补体溶血活性total hemolytic complemen tactivity，CH50 E玫瑰花结形成试验erythrocyte rosette formation test，ERFT 白细胞分化抗原cluster differentiation，CD表面膜免疫球蛋白surface membrane immunoglobulin，SmIg抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity，ADCC 白介素interleukin肿瘤坏死因子tumor necrosis factor，TNF干扰素interferon，IFN乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原hepatitis B virus surface antigen，HBsAg抗链球菌溶血素“O”anti—streptolysin"O"，ASO肥达反应Widal reaction，WR布氏杆菌病凝集试验Brucella agglutination test巨细胞病毒human cytomegalovirus，HCMV柯萨奇病毒Coxsaekie virus沙眼衣原体chlamydia trachomatis人获得性免疫缺陷病毒human immunodefieiency virus，HIV外斐反应Weil-Felix reaction冷凝集试验cold agglutination test肿瘤标志物tumor marker癌胚抗原carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA癌抗原125，糖链抗原125 carcinoma antigenl25，carbohydrate antigen l25，CAl25 前列腺特异抗原prostatic specific antigen，PSA前列腺酸性磷酸酶prostate acid phosphatase，PAP自身免疫耐受autoimune tolerance类风湿因子rheumatoid factor，RF抗核抗体antinuelear antibody，ANA双链DNA double stranded-DNA，ds-DNA抗线粒体抗体anti-mitoehondria antibody，AMA甲状腺球蛋白thyroglobulin，TG甲状腺微粒体thyroid microsome，TM抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody，AchRA抗平滑肌抗体anti-smooth muscle antibody，ASMA循环免疫复合物circulating immunocomplex，CIC冷球蛋白cryoglobulin，CGC反应蛋白C-reaction protein，CRP心电图electrocardiogram肢体导联limb leads胸导联chest leads不应期refractory period易损期vulnerable period心律失常arrhythmia窦性心动过速sinus tachycardia窦性心动过缓sinus bradyeardia窦性静止sinusar rest病态窦房结综合征sicksinus syndrome阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysmal supraventricular tachyeardia室性心动过速ventricular tachycardia房室传导阻滞atrioventricula rblock，希氏束Hisbundle文氏现象Wenckebach phenomenon左束支传导阻滞left bundle branch block，LBBB右束支传导阻滞right bundle branch block，RBBB左前分支传导阻滞left anterior fascicular block预激综合征preexcitation syndrome逸搏心律escape rhythm反复心律reciprocal rhythm动态心电图ambulatory electrocardiography(Hoher) 平板运动试验treadmill test潮气量·tidal volume，VT补呼气量expiratory reserve volume，ERV补吸气量inspiratory capacity，IC肺活量vital capacitv，VC残气量residual volume，RV肺总量total lung capacity，TLC最大通气量maximal voluntary ventilation，MVV 用力肺活量forced vital capacity，FVC最大呼气中段流量maximal mid—expiratory，flow MMEF 肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation，VA。